DOCSLIB.ORG

Call to Let the People Decide New Place Names on Mercury and Pluto 20 April 2015, by Alice Gorman

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Call to Let the People Decide New Place Names on Mercury and Pluto 20 April 2015, by Alice Gorman Call to let the people decide new place names on Mercury and Pluto 20 April 2015, by Alice Gorman choose the new place-names. Mapping our celestial neighbours How do places in the solar system get named? We already use the names of gods and goddesses given by the Romans, over 2,000 years ago, to the most visible planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. The existence of Pluto, Uranus and Neptune wasn't known until much later; but they were similarly Artist’s impression of NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft named after classical deities. encountering Pluto and its largest moon, Charon. Credit: NASA/Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Planetary geography really kicked off with the Institute invention of telescopes in the 17th century. Celestial places were being mapped by European astronomers at the same time as places on the Earth, in the era of European colonial expansion. Do you think a place on Pluto should be named after the sinister tentacle-faced monster Cthulhu The lunar maria ("seas"), mountains and craters from the novels of horror writer H.P. Lovecraft? Or familiar to us today were mapped by the first real a crater on Mercury after iconic opera singer Dame selenographer (charter of the moon), the Dutch Nellie Melba? astronomer Michael van Langren, in 1645. (Incidentally, he also made the first known Mercury and Pluto are at the opposite ends of the statistical graph). solar system, but this year, as a result of two extraordinary space missions, some of their newly His place names were mostly European royalty and observed topographical features will receive notable scientists of the time. These included names. French queen Anne of Austria, now more famous as a character in The Three Musketeers, and the Four years ago, NASA's Messenger spacecraft Jesuit mathematician Jean Leurechon, who, among slipped into orbit around Mercury, the planet other achievements, wrote the earliest known closest to the sun. It's still there, but only just –- description of how the ear trumpet works. operating on a whisper of fuel, it's predicted to fall to the surface on April 30. Twenty years later in 1665, Giovanni Cassini observed Jupiter's giant red storm. He called it the Around five billion kilometres away, the New rather prosaic "Permanent Spot", to distinguish it Horizons spacecraft is in its final approach to Pluto. from the shadows cast by the orbiting moons on the In July 2015, we'll be able to see the surface of this surface. controversial dwarf planet, discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh. Some of the earliest names on Mars were given to light and dark markings (albedo features) by For both planets, crowd-sourcing is being used to English astronomer Richard Proctor in 1867. 1 / 4 The names he chose were astronomers involved in committee. Mars observation, such as the Reverend William Dawes, on whose map he based his own. He was a With the modern era of space exploration from the bit over-enthusiastic, though, and re-used the same 1950s, satellites and space probes gave us new names in different features – hence the Reverend eyes to see details never before visible. The IAU Dawes was immortalised not once but six times, as had to step up its activities. In 1958 they an ocean, continent, sea, strait, island and bay. rationalised Martian place names, in favour of Schiaparelli's system rather than Proctor's. The colour-blind astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli made a detailed Martian map when the planet was Task groups were set up to handle Mercury, Venus in opposition in 1877: he stuck with the classical and the Outer Planets as more deep space probes tradition, using names such as Elysium, Tharsis explored the solar system. and Zephyria. The IAU's principles state that names should: In 1934, Eugene Antoniadi's map of Mercury similarly drew on classical antiquity, with an albedo Be clear, simple and unambiguous to feature named after the esoteric sage Hermes facilitate scientific communication Trismegistus, and another after the Roman Avoid duplication Emperor Hadrian's solar-heated Heliocaminus Avoid political, military or religious baths. significance Promote diversity. The IAU has a list of preferred sources, including well-known collections of myths and legends from around the world. Scientists and the general public can also suggest names or themes. But there is no obligation for the various task groups to accept these suggestions. Crowd-sourcing the solar system This year, the IAU has turned to crowd-sourcing names as a result of these two significant missions to the inner and outer solar system. Messenger captured many craters on Mercury. Credit: MESSENGER Teams, JHU APL, NASA What's in a name? By the 20th century this messy and ad hoc system of naming celestial places was becoming a problem for astronomers. English astronomer Mary Adela Blagg began work on sorting out lunar nomenclature, and when the International Astronomical Union (IAU) was established in 1919, they appointed her to their first nomenclature 2 / 4 These naming campaigns help make the Earth- bound feel included in space exploration. But encouraging participation and diversity is far more than an exercise in public engagement. Richard A. Proctor’s early map of Mars, from Other Worlds than Ours. Credit: Wikimedia/Richard A. Proctor To celebrate the end of Messenger's mission, NASA and the Messenger team decided to ask the public to name five craters on Mercury. Since Mariner 10's flyby in 1973, Mercury's theme The first colour image ever made of the Pluto system by has been artists of all kinds: music, writing, visual a spacecraft, New Horizons, taken from 115 million km. arts and performance. The detail of the planet and moon system will become clearer as the craft gets closer. Credit: NASA/Johns There you'll find the Equiano crater, after Beninese Hopkins University Applied Physics writer, abolition campaigner and former slave Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute Olaudah Equiano; and the Sei Shonagon crater, honouring the 10th century Japanese courtier who pioneered the list as a literary form. Nominations are currently with the IAU, and the results should As historian Paul Carter says, in his book The Road be announced this month. to Botany Bay, spatial history begins: The SETI Institute and the New Horizons team […] not in a particular year, not in a particular place, have coordinated a similar campaign. They came but in the act of naming. For by the act of place- up with an extensive list of names on Pluto's theme naming, space is transformed symbolically into a – exploration and the underworld – for the public to place, that is, a place with history. vote on. (And yes, Cthulhu is on the ballot, along with Sun Wukong, better known to us as Monkey). And, by the same token, the namer inscribes [their] passage permanently on the world, making a They're also accepting nominations for names not metaphorical word-place which others may one day on their list. Voting closes on April 24th and the inhabit […] resulting shortlist will be sent to the IAU for the final decision. Celestial geography mirrors the power relations of terrestrial politics. The long tradition of classical and 3 / 4 European names reflected a world-view which privileged the Western over Indigenous, Eastern and global south cultures. But through the IAU and crowd-sourcing projects such as these, the public has an opportunity to write new values onto planetary surfaces. Let's take it! This story is published courtesy of The Conversation (under Creative Commons- Attribution/No derivatives). Source: The Conversation APA citation: Call to let the people decide new place names on Mercury and Pluto (2015, April 20) retrieved 29 September 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2015-04-people-mercury-pluto.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. 4 / 4 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Imaginative Geographies of Mars: the Science and Significance of the Red Planet, 1877 - 1910
    Copyright by Kristina Maria Doyle Lane 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Kristina Maria Doyle Lane Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES OF MARS: THE SCIENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RED PLANET, 1877 - 1910 Committee: Ian R. Manners, Supervisor Kelley A. Crews-Meyer Diana K. Davis Roger Hart Steven D. Hoelscher Imaginative Geographies of Mars: The Science and Significance of the Red Planet, 1877 - 1910 by Kristina Maria Doyle Lane, B.A.; M.S.C.R.P. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2006 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to Magdalena Maria Kost, who probably never would have understood why it had to be written and certainly would not have wanted to read it, but who would have been very proud nonetheless. Acknowledgments This dissertation would have been impossible without the assistance of many extremely capable and accommodating professionals. For patiently guiding me in the early research phases and then responding to countless followup email messages, I would like to thank Antoinette Beiser and Marty Hecht of the Lowell Observatory Library and Archives at Flagstaff. For introducing me to the many treasures held deep underground in our nation’s capital, I would like to thank Pam VanEe and Ed Redmond of the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. For welcoming me during two brief but productive visits to the most beautiful library I have seen, I thank Brenda Corbin and Gregory Shelton of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Fantasy Commentator EDITOR and PUBLISHER: CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: A
    Fantasy Commentator EDITOR and PUBLISHER: CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: A. Langley Searles Lee Becker, T. G. Cockcroft, 7 East 235th St. Sam Moskowitz, Lincoln Bronx, N. Y. 10470 Van Rose, George T. Wetzel Vol. IV, No. 4 -- oOo--- Winter 1982 Articles Needle in a Haystack Joseph Wrzos 195 Voyagers Through Infinity - II Sam Moskowitz 207 Lucky Me Stephen Fabian 218 Edward Lucas White - III George T. Wetzel 229 'Plus Ultra' - III A. Langley Searles 240 Nicholls: Comments and Errata T. G. Cockcroft and 246 Graham Stone Verse It's the Same Everywhere! Lee Becker 205 (illustrated by Melissa Snowind) Ten Sonnets Stanton A. Coblentz 214 Standing in the Shadows B. Leilah Wendell 228 Alien Lee Becker 239 Driftwood B. Leilah Wendell 252 Regular Features Book Reviews: Dahl's "My Uncle Oswald” Joseph Wrzos 221 Joshi's "H. P. L. : 4 Decades of Criticism" Lincoln Van Rose 223 Wetzel's "Lovecraft Collectors Library" A. Langley Searles 227 Moskowitz's "S F in Old San Francisco" A. Langley Searles 242 Nicholls' "Science Fiction Encyclopedia" Edward Wood 245 Hoban's "Riddley Walker" A. Langley Searles 250 A Few Thorns Lincoln Van Rose 200 Tips on Tales staff 253 Open House Our Readers 255 Indexes to volume IV 266 This is the thirty-second number of Fantasy Commentator^ a non-profit periodical of limited circulation devoted to articles, book reviews and verse in the area of sci­ ence - fiction and fantasy, published annually. Subscription rate: $3 a copy, three issues for $8. All opinions expressed herein are the contributors' own, and do not necessarily reflect those of the editor or the staff.
    [Show full text]
  • The Satanic Rituals Anton Szandor Lavey
    The Rites of Lucifer On the altar of the Devil up is down, pleasure is pain, darkness is light, slavery is freedom, and madness is sanity. The Satanic ritual cham- ber is die ideal setting for the entertainment of unspoken thoughts or a veritable palace of perversity. Now one of the Devil's most devoted disciples gives a detailed account of all the traditional Satanic rituals. Here are the actual texts of such forbidden rites as the Black Mass and Satanic Baptisms for both adults and children. The Satanic Rituals Anton Szandor LaVey The ultimate effect of shielding men from the effects of folly is to fill the world with fools. -Herbert Spencer - CONTENTS - INTRODUCTION 11 CONCERNING THE RITUALS 15 THE ORIGINAL PSYCHODRAMA-Le Messe Noir 31 L'AIR EPAIS-The Ceremony of the Stifling Air 54 THE SEVENTH SATANIC STATEMENT- Das Tierdrama 76 THE LAW OF THE TRAPEZOID-Die elektrischen Vorspiele 106 NIGHT ON BALD MOUNTAIN-Homage to Tchort 131 PILGRIMS OF THE AGE OF FIRE- The Statement of Shaitan 151 THE METAPHYSICS OF LOVECRAFT- The Ceremony of the Nine Angles and The Call to Cthulhu 173 THE SATANIC BAPTISMS-Adult Rite and Children's Ceremony 203 THE UNKNOWN KNOWN 219 The Satanic Rituals INTRODUCTION The rituals contained herein represent a degree of candor not usually found in a magical curriculum. They all have one thing in common-homage to the elements truly representative of the other side. The Devil and his works have long assumed many forms. Until recently, to Catholics, Protestants were devils. To Protes- tants, Catholics were devils.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering the Lost Race Story: Writing Science Fiction, Writing Temporality
    Discovering the Lost Race Story: Writing Science Fiction, Writing Temporality This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia 2008 Karen Peta Hall Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Discipline of English and Cultural Studies School of Social and Cultural Studies ii Abstract Genres are constituted, implicitly and explicitly, through their construction of the past. Genres continually reconstitute themselves, as authors, producers and, most importantly, readers situate texts in relation to one another; each text implies a reader who will locate the text on a spectrum of previously developed generic characteristics. Though science fiction appears to be a genre concerned with the future, I argue that the persistent presence of lost race stories – where the contemporary world and groups of people thought to exist only in the past intersect – in science fiction demonstrates that the past is crucial in the operation of the genre. By tracing the origins and evolution of the lost race story from late nineteenth-century novels through the early twentieth-century American pulp science fiction magazines to novel-length narratives, and narrative series, at the end of the twentieth century, this thesis shows how the consistent presence, and varied uses, of lost race stories in science fiction complicates previous critical narratives of the history and definitions of science fiction. In examining the implicit and explicit aspects of temporality and genre, this thesis works through close readings of exemplar texts as well as historicist, structural and theoretically informed readings. It focuses particularly on women writers, thus extending previous accounts of women’s participation in science fiction and demonstrating that gender inflects constructions of authority, genre and temporality.
    [Show full text]
  • 1385280318233.Pdf
    ™ CORE ™ SERIOUSly? Free-to-Play? Imagination is powerful. To quote Albert Einstein, “Imagination is more impor- tant than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and under- stand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.” Well said. We believe in the power of imagination and how it creates wonder and inspira- tion. Roleplaying games are one of the few things that can do what they do. Some might say they are the last frontier for wild imagination and creativity. We certainly believe so. That’s why we make roleplaying games – to help make that possible. Making roleplaying games the way we have hasn’t helped us spark imagination the way we’d hoped. We want to try something different. First, we’re adopting the Creative Commons license, so that you can contribute to the game in a meaningful way. That way, we can support you in your awesome ideas and help you get them out to your fellow players. Then, we’re going to give away electronic copies of the core book for free. We’ve all bought games that didn’t end up working out for us. That’s why we’re giving this to you for free – so that you can figure out if you like the game before you decide to spend money on it. If you like The Void and you play it, we’re going to put out a bunch of cool ma- terial at very reasonable prices. We’re going to do it buffet-style, so you can pick and choose what works best for you and your group.
    [Show full text]
  • The Halsey Minor Collection 13 May 2010 New York
    THE HALSEY MINOR COLLECTION 13 MAY 2010 NEW YORK THE HALSEY MINOR COLLECTION 13 MAY 2010 7pm NEW YORK LOTS 1-22 Viewing Saturday 1 May, 10am – 6pm Sunday 2 May, 12pm – 6pm Monday 3 May, 10am – 6pm Tuesday 4 May, 10am – 6pm Wednesday 5 May, 10am – 6pm Thursday 6 May, 10am – 6pm Friday 7 May, 10am – 6pm Saturday 8 May, 10am – 6pm Sunday 9 May, 12pm – 6pm Monday 10 May, 10am – 6pm Tuesday 11 May, 10am – 6pm Wednesday 12 May, 10am – 6pm Front Cover Richard Prince, Nurse in Hollywood #4, 2004, Lot 8 (detail) Thursday 13 May, 10am – 12pm Back Cover Marc Newson, Prototype “Lockheed Lounge,” 1988, Lot 4 COLLECTING IS ABOUT LEARNING AND IT IS DEVELOPING CONNOISSEURSHIP. IT IS AN INTENSE ONGOING PROCESS OF EDUCATION, AND IT IS MY MISSION TO COLLECT ONLY THE BEST. HALSEY MINOR The boldness of Halsey Minor’s collecting vision lies in its identification of energy, of a constant flow of ideas emanating from the questions art asks of its viewers and of their place in the wider world. ‘Collecting is about learning and it is developing connoisseurship,’ Minor has stated. ‘It is an intense ongoing process of education, and it is my mission to collect only the best.’ Why people collect art is as straightforward and as complex as why people fall in love. There are infinite reasons. For Halsey Minor, collecting Contemporary Art and Design is a hunger that cannot be satisfied, a thirst that cannot be quenched. It is the addiction to this nectar, to put together one of the most formidable collections of Marc Newson and Ed Ruscha, for instance that drives him.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Trail of Comets
    Issue 10 – March 2006 On the trail of comets The frontispiece to Hevelius’ great work on comets, the Cometographia (published in Danzig in 1668) showing rival theories about the origin and motion of comets. On the left Aristotle demonstrates his theory that comets are terrestrial exhalations that have ascended to the upper atmosphere. On the right Kepler suggests that comets move in straight lines. Seated in the middle Hevelius expounds his own theory that comets are expelled from the turbulent atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn and move in curved paths. The history of the study of comets was discussed at the start of the recent RAS Discussion Meeting on Comets: From Antiquity to the Present Day. This meeting had been arranged to celebrate the tercentenary of the publication of Edmond Halley’s Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets in 1705. A report appears inside. (Illustration courtesy of the Library of the Royal Observatory Edinburgh). Editorial Clive Davenhall Issues of the Newsletter do not King George V, recently ascended articles for publication. usually have a theme. However, to the throne following the death of Contributions are always welcome more by chance than design, two of Edward VII. The Jamaican dockers and details of how to submit them the articles in this issue are about were convinced that the change was are included on the back page, and comets. Comets have long been a portent that the new King’s reign are also on the Society’s Web site. considered harbingers of doom, would be marked by war. Since We look forward to hearing from though in Classical Antiquity they George V ruled from 1910 to 1936 you.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudoscience and Science Fiction Science and Fiction
    Andrew May Pseudoscience and Science Fiction Science and Fiction Editorial Board Mark Alpert Philip Ball Gregory Benford Michael Brotherton Victor Callaghan Amnon H Eden Nick Kanas Geoffrey Landis Rudi Rucker Dirk Schulze-Makuch Ru€diger Vaas Ulrich Walter Stephen Webb Science and Fiction – A Springer Series This collection of entertaining and thought-provoking books will appeal equally to science buffs, scientists and science-fiction fans. It was born out of the recognition that scientific discovery and the creation of plausible fictional scenarios are often two sides of the same coin. Each relies on an understanding of the way the world works, coupled with the imaginative ability to invent new or alternative explanations—and even other worlds. Authored by practicing scientists as well as writers of hard science fiction, these books explore and exploit the borderlands between accepted science and its fictional counterpart. Uncovering mutual influences, promoting fruitful interaction, narrating and analyzing fictional scenarios, together they serve as a reaction vessel for inspired new ideas in science, technology, and beyond. Whether fiction, fact, or forever undecidable: the Springer Series “Science and Fiction” intends to go where no one has gone before! Its largely non-technical books take several different approaches. Journey with their authors as they • Indulge in science speculation—describing intriguing, plausible yet unproven ideas; • Exploit science fiction for educational purposes and as a means of promoting critical thinking; • Explore the interplay of science and science fiction—throughout the history of the genre and looking ahead; • Delve into related topics including, but not limited to: science as a creative process, the limits of science, interplay of literature and knowledge; • Tell fictional short stories built around well-defined scientific ideas, with a supplement summarizing the science underlying the plot.
    [Show full text]
  • AST101 Lecture 17 Barsoom
    AST101 Lecture 17 Barsoom There are 4 Terrestrial Planets • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars Mercury From the Messenger Orbiter, March 2011. Rayed crater: Debussy Venus From the Venus Express, 2007. H2SO4 clouds Earth (Terra) Apollo 17 Mars Hubble Space Telescope Barsoom A world like our own? Populated by aliens? Telescopic Observations Mars is dynamic • Polar caps wax and wane • Surface features change shape regularly • Clouds obscure the surface Giovanni Schiaparelli Published a map of Mars in 1877 Identified surface features he called “canali” Schiaparelli’s Mars Percival Lowell Mistranslated “canali” (channels) as canals Established Lowell Observatory on Mars Hill, Flagstaff AZ Lowell’s map of Mars (excerpt) Lowell’s Mars Canals imply • intelligent life, and • deliberate construction Lowell created a Mars that is • a dying planet, • whose intelligent denizens built canals – to collect the melting polar ice, and – to distribute the water among the oases Camille Flammarion (1884) Chesley Bonestell: Surface of Mars © Bonestell Space Art No one would have believed in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man's and yet as mortal as his own; that as men busied themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinised and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with a microscope might scrutinise the transient creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of water. H. G. WELLS THE WAR OF THE WORLDS Illusions of Mars. I. This mythos arose from two optical illusions. 1. The human brain tends to connect the dots, which results in apparent linear features.
    [Show full text]
  • International Polar Year 2007–2008 SUMMARY by the IPY JOINT COMMITTEE
    Understanding Earth’s Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007–2008 SUMMARY BY THE IPY JOINT COMMITTEE a PART TWO: IPY SCIENCE PROGRAM 2.6 Subglacial Aquatic Environments Lead Authors: Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, Martin Siegert and Cynan Ellis-Evans Contributing Author: Vladimir Lipenkov Reviewers: Carlo Barbante, Robin Bell, Jill Mikucki and Colin Summerhayes Recognition as a Focus for Scientific Investigation In 1996 an article, featured on the cover of Nature, established the dimensions and setting of the lake and reported that a massive subglacial lake containing led to the first published inventory of subglacial lakes liquid water was hidden beneath ~4 kilometers of ice (of which 77 were recorded from analysis of radio- in Antarctica (Kapitsa et al., 1996). While the data that echo sounding records, Siegert et al., 1996). In the suggested the presence of a lake dated to the 1960s second half of the 1990s, three scientific workshops and 1970s, this feature had gone largely unnoticed by entitled “Lake Vostok Study: Scientific Objectives and the broader scientific community until a re-analysis of Technological Requirements” (St. Petersburg, March the data. The article sparked speculation that these 1998), “Lake Vostok: A Curiosity or a Focus for Scientific environments might be habitats for exotic microbial Research?” (Washington DC, U.S.A., November 1998; life long isolated from the open atmosphere. It was Bell and Karl, 1998), and “Subglacial Lake Exploration” speculated that if sediments were preserved at the (SCAR, Cambridge, September 1999) were held. It bottom of the lake they would contain never before was recognized early on that that, in order to explore seen records of past climate change in the interior these remote habitats, a major, sustained investment of Antarctica.
    [Show full text]
  • Schiaparelli and His Legacy. TABLE of CONTENTS
    MEMORIE DELLA SOCIETA` ASTRONOMICA ITALIANA Vol.82 n.2 2011 Schiaparelli and his legacy. Milan, 19-20 October, Turin 21 October 2010 editors: G. Trinchieri, and A. Manara TABLE OF CONTENTS Index 203 Foreword 206 Session I: Life and science of Schiaparelli A. Manara, G. Trinchieri Schiaparelli and his legacy 209 G. Giorello, L. Guzzardi G.V. Schiaparelli: from scientific observations to scientific imagination 219 G. Berlucchi Some historical crossroads between astronomy and visual neuroscience 225 A. Ferrari Between two Halley’s comet visits 232 P. Tucci The Diary of Schiaparelli in Berlin (26 October 1857-10 May 1859): a guide for his future scientific activity 240 Victor K. Abalakin Some remarks on preparations for Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli’s journey to Russia 248 S. Bianchi, D. Galli, A. Gasperini G. V. Schiaparelli and the Arcetri Observatory 253 S. Maffeo, S.J G.V. Schiaparelli and Fr. A. Secchi, S.J. 259 S. Debarbat´ Schiaparelli and French astronomers 268 204 A. Manara, A. Wolter Mars in the Schiaparelli−Lowell letters 276 E. Antonello Schiaparelli and the dawn of astronomy 280 S. De Meis A few aspects of Schiaparelli’s studies 290 Session II: Modern planetary science A. Cellino and A. Dell’Oro Minor bodies: small actors in Solar System’s history 300 T. J. Jopek Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies 310 A. Coradini and R. Orosei The exploration of Mars: past and future 321 C.R. Perotti and M. Rinaldi Mars and Earth topography: a preliminary comparative analysis 334 D. Lupishko,V. Kaydash and Yu. Shkuratov Global dust storms and highly polarizing clouds on Mars 341 V.
    [Show full text]
  • 02. Solar System (2001) 9/4/01 12:28 PM Page 2
    01. Solar System Cover 9/4/01 12:18 PM Page 1 National Aeronautics and Educational Product Space Administration Educators Grades K–12 LS-2001-08-002-HQ Solar System Lithograph Set for Space Science This set contains the following lithographs: • Our Solar System • Moon • Saturn • Our Star—The Sun • Mars • Uranus • Mercury • Asteroids • Neptune • Venus • Jupiter • Pluto and Charon • Earth • Moons of Jupiter • Comets 01. Solar System Cover 9/4/01 12:18 PM Page 2 NASA’s Central Operation of Resources for Educators Regional Educator Resource Centers offer more educators access (CORE) was established for the national and international distribution of to NASA educational materials. NASA has formed partnerships with universities, NASA-produced educational materials in audiovisual format. Educators can museums, and other educational institutions to serve as regional ERCs in many obtain a catalog and an order form by one of the following methods: States. A complete list of regional ERCs is available through CORE, or electroni- cally via NASA Spacelink at http://spacelink.nasa.gov/ercn NASA CORE Lorain County Joint Vocational School NASA’s Education Home Page serves as a cyber-gateway to informa- 15181 Route 58 South tion regarding educational programs and services offered by NASA for the Oberlin, OH 44074-9799 American education community. This high-level directory of information provides Toll-free Ordering Line: 1-866-776-CORE specific details and points of contact for all of NASA’s educational efforts, Field Toll-free FAX Line: 1-866-775-1460 Center offices, and points of presence within each State. Visit this resource at the E-mail: [email protected] following address: http://education.nasa.gov Home Page: http://core.nasa.gov NASA Spacelink is one of NASA’s electronic resources specifically devel- Educator Resource Center Network (ERCN) oped for the educational community.
    [Show full text]