Automotive Supply Chain and Logistics 2018 Automotive Supply Chain and Logistics 2018

CONTENTS

1 Introduction 4 5 Component Suppliers’ Manufacturing and Logistics Operations 26 2 Key Trends in the Automotive 5.1 Suppliers Manufacturing & Supply Chain Profile 26 Supply Chain 7 5.2 types of Logistics Operations 27 2.1 Supply Chain Complexity 7 5.3 trends in Suppliers Logistics 27 2.2 emerging Markets 8 2.3 automating Logistics Systems 9 6 Spare Parts – The Automotive 2.4 trade 9 Aftermarket 28 2.4.1 naFTA 9 6.1 the Structure of Logistics in the Aftermarket and its Prospects 29 2.4.2 Brexit 11 6.2 types of Logistics Service Bought 31 2.5 order to Delivery Times 12 6.3 Summary: VMs’ Approach to Aftermarket 2.6 logistics Costs 12 logistics 31 2.7 risk 13 7 Regional Assessments and 2.8 Conclusion 14 Market Sizing 33 3 Electric Propulsion & Electronic 7.1 market Sizing Methodology 33 Guidance Technologies: The Impact 7.2 global 34 on Logistics & Supply Chain 7.3 aSia 35 Management 15 7.3.1 China 35 3.1 materials 15 7.3.2 Japan 37 3.2 power-Train 16 7.3.3 South Korea 37 3.3 electronics 16 7.3.4 india 38 3.4 plug-in Assembly 16 7.3.5 iran 39 4 Production Concepts and their 7.3.6 indonesia 39 Impact on Automotive Logistics 17 7.3.7 thailand 39 4.1 why Logistics is Important 17 7.3.8 myanmar 40 4.2 production Concepts in Automotive Logistics 18 7.4 north America 40 4.3 Supply Chain Geography of the Automotive 7.4.1 united States 41 Sector 18 7.4.2 mexico 42 4.4 location and Size of Assembly Plants 20 7.4.3 Canada 43 4.5 the Impact of New Production Trends on Transport Demand 20 7.5 Europe 43 4.6 dealerships, Retailing and Logistics around 7.5.1 uk 44 the World 21 7.5.2 germany 45 4.7 different types of inbound logistics operations 22 7.5.3 France 46 4.8 Finished Vehicles 23 7.5.4 italy 46 4.8.1 trucks 23 7.5.5 Spain 46 4.8.2 rail 23 7.5.6 Central and Eastern Europe 47 4.8.3 Shipping 23 7.5.7 turkey 47 4.8.4 Storage 25 7.5.8 russia 47 7.6 South America 48 7.7 aFrica 48

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CONTENTS

8 Vehicle Manufacturers’ Logistics Strategies 50 8.1 Bmw 50 8.2 daimler (Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars) 53 8.3 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) 56 8.4 Ford 59 8.5 general Motors 63 8.6 honda 66 8.7 hyundai 69 8.8 Jaguar Land Rover 72 8.9 pSA Peugeot Citroen 74 8.10 Renault-Nissan 78 8.11 Toyota 82 8.12 Volkswagen 87

9 Automotive Logistics Providers 90 9.1 BLG Logistics 90 9.2 Ceva 95 9.3 dB Schenker Logistics 98 9.4 deutsche Post DHL Group 100 9.5 dSv 102 9.6 geFCO 104 9.7 groupe CAT 106 9.8 kintetsu/APL Logistics 107 9.9 kuehne + Nagel 108 9.10 Neovia 110 9.11 NYK/Yusen Logistics 110 9.12 Penske Logistics 112 9.13 Ryder 113 9.14 xpo 115 9.15 Schnellecke 116

About Us 117

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01 Introduction

The process of change within the introducing carbon fibre chassis grow. However, the age of the ‘car park’ automotive sector that had been so technology still remains elevated slow has quickened noticeably. The • Guidance is gradually becoming • The aftermarket appears to be maturing introduction of both electric vehicles automated, with ‘active cruise control’ structurally in developed economies, and digital guidance systems almost and ‘collision avoidance’ systems being whilst growth is explosive in emerging appears imminent, with a timescale of used as the basis for wider capabilities markets. It is also unclear what effect roughly ten years for the transformation in semi-autonomous vehicles. Such technological change will have on of the sector. The effect on both supply systems will be software-intensive, the aftermarket. It is possible that it is chain management and logistics will be illustrating the trend towards an threatened by a major contraction. profound. increased role for software in vehicles. There is also change in the production The change is multifaceted. It concerns This is also being reflected in driver technologies available to manufacturers: both markets and products: interfaces, with extensive uses of touchscreen control systems in interiors. • Automation is increasingly used at • Powertrains are evolving rapidly. For the assembly plants. Whilst welding shops first time in a century there are serious Market developments are more commonly have been automated for several alternatives to the internal combustion understood: decades, automation is now increasingly engine. All vehicle manufacturers are • Continued rapid expansion in emerging used in in-plant logistics. Line feed is developing both: markets. If measured by numbers of cars increasingly using automated guided electric vehicles powered by batteries sold, China is now the largest market. vehicles, whilst consolidation operations Despite what appears to be a markedly are utilising automated racking and hybrid vehicles powered by a slowing economy, car sales in China retrieval systems. combination of batteries and internal are still buoyant, if volatile. India is also combustion engines. • The nature of assembly and production becoming a market of significance, albeit is likely to be transformed by the • The use of steel is beginning to decline from a low base. Generally, markets demands of new technology. Electric as vehicle manufacturers look to across the emerging world are growing and electronic systems will require very reduce the weight of cars. This trend rapidly and changing the nature of the different assembly systems, making is uncertain though, as steel alloys global market overall less demands on capital equipment and offer considerable benefits in this area. • Sustained growth in developed markets. the workforce. It is likely to resemble However, Jaguar, Audi and Ford are Although the recovery from the the electronics sector to a much greater already using aluminium extensively in recession of 2007-12 has moderated, degree. their vehicles, whilst BMW is gradually most developed markets continue to

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Implications for Logistics of this. That said, many of the larger LSPs attempting to develop their own in-house have a strong incentive to enter these capabilities, however ‘third party systems’, • Over the medium to long term, the markets independently if they can, due to many of them derived from areas such changed role of assembly plants and the growth prospects that they offer. as e-commerce (such as Ocado’s the changed geography of supply chains ‘Smart-Platform’) look to have a powerful is likely to affect both the size and the The implications for the logistics service competitive position here. If this does physical location of assembly plants. providers serving this sector are come to pass, then it would represent a enormous. Many face the need to rethink • Location of production in response fundamental change in the sector. their business models. Not only will they to market growth in ‘new markets’ have to deal with issues such as the The issue of robotics, whilst important, is is resulting in a diversification in the changed pattern of globalisation, they will really an expression of this wider ‘digital’ locations of assembly plants. Vehicle have to adapt to new operational activity change. The role of automation in in-plant manufacturers such as VW and GM by vehicle manufacturers and component logistics is being approached but is likely now have a large proportion of their suppliers. For example, the traditional to go much further. Areas of consolidation, production capacity located in China, road freight ‘milk run’ is increasingly old- sequencing and line-feed which are often with other emerging markets growing in fashioned and the road freight providers outsourced to LSPs, will become highly importance as well. India, for example, who specialise in it will already be under automated, squeezing out existing LSPs which was of negligible size as a location pressure. It might be suggested that and replacing them with technology for global VMs production, is now large LSPs who specialise in ‘Transport providers. experiencing substantial investment in Management Services’, can adapt in new production capacity Ironically finished vehicles is an area such an environment, however this is also that may see the least change. Although • Nature of the supply chain, as new types questionable as the attraction of new web perhaps vehicles will become capable of of engineering change the economics based ‘freight exchanges’ is only likely to self-loading on ships, trucks and rail cars, of the sector. A good example of this increase especially if there is greater use the need to move them from the assembly is carbon fibre, which will demand a of intercontinental air and sea freight. plant to the customer will remain. The radically different type of supply chain to Indeed, the impact of digital technology question is, what will the patterns of steel. However, it will be in electronics for the execution of logistics operations this trade look like in geographical and that the greatest impact will be felt. will be almost as significant as the impact retail terms? The geographical question The direct effect on the automotive on the automotive supply chain. The is very hard to answer at present. It is logistics sector will probably be use of freight exchanges is one example unclear whether the flexibility of the new significant. Already sectors such as of how the nature of LSPs themselves technology will enable vehicles to be automotive logistics in China are growing is changing. At the level of the tactical assembled nearer the market or whether rapidly, with global VMs looking for high architecture of assembly plant and the flexibility of the technology will quality logistics provision, which Chinese supply chain operations there will be very increase the range of products on offer, LSPs cannot deliver. This sort of market significant changes in IT architecture. thus increasing the production centres opportunity is replicated across much of Even the most advanced systems in place resulting in greater movement of products the world, from Brazil to India. However, today are clumsy in terms of capturing around the world. Existing trends in the obstacles are significant as operating customer demand data. The likelihood is e-commerce suggest the latter, but it is in such economies is often difficult. It is that information ‘logistics platforms’ that too early to tell. Either way it will have an therefore likely that new LSPs will grow combine greater customer data capture, enormous effect on car-carrier shipping, up to serve the global VMs in these artificial intelligence, and inventory rail and road transport. economies, probably in the form of joint management and enable deeper levels The issue of the retail inter-face is ventures between local and global LSPs. of automation will dominate logistics in perhaps easier. It appears very likely that Anji-CEVA, in China, is a good example the automotive sector. Many VMs are

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the dealership structure that dominates In summary: • Customer interface data-capture will automotive retail today will prove become central to logistics planning. • Inbound logistics is becoming dominated inadequate. It places too much of a gap by technology • The necessity of a global presence for between production and the customer. LSPs will increase. The likelihood is that the industry will need • LSPs who do not have access to to create some form of digital interface technology solutions of the highest order with the customer. This will be more will be replaced by those that do direct and thus the logistics between the • Information architecture will dominate assembly plant and the customer is likely even more than it does at present and to be more direct. this may be an area of outsourcing

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