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Karl Ehregott (Andreas) Mangelsdorf Karl Ehregott (Andreas) Mangelsdorf Werk und Wirken Dissertation zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades „Doktor der Philosophie“ (Dr. phil.) der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakultät der Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck am Institut für Geschichtswissenschaften und Europäische Ethnologie Dissertationsfach „Geschichte“ laut Curriculum 2014 vorgelegt von MMag. Dr.Dr.Dr.Dr.Dr.Dr. Norbert Heinel Betreut von Ao. Prof. Dr. Heinz Noflatscher (Erstbetreuer) Univ. Prof. Dr. Stefan Ehrenpreis (Zweitbetreuer) Innsbruck, Juni 2016 Karl Ehregott Mangelsdorf Radierung von Friedrich Wilhelm Springer 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung .......................................................................................................................... 7 1 Elemente der deutschen Aufklärungshistorie......................................................... 12 1.1 Der Begriff der Aufklärung .................................................................................. 12 1.2 Die Bildung des Bürgers....................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Staat und Gesellschaft ................................................................................... 15 1.2.2 Der Ständestaat.............................................................................................. 18 1.2.3 Die gelehrten Gesellschaften......................................................................... 20 1.2.4 Historische Zeitschriften................................................................................ 24 1.2.5 Bürgerliche Historie ...................................................................................... 26 1.2.6 Universal- und Spezialhistorie....................................................................... 29 1.2.7 Fortschrittsglaube .......................................................................................... 34 1.3 Die pädagogische Aufklärung............................................................................... 40 1.4 Die Lehr- und Bildungsinstitutionen ................................................................... 45 1.4.1 Niedere und mittlere Schulen ........................................................................ 45 1.4.2 Die Universität............................................................................................... 48 1.4.3 Der Hofmeister .............................................................................................. 51 1.4.4 Akademisierung............................................................................................. 53 1.5 Geschichte als Wissenschaft................................................................................. 59 1.6 Der Begriff des Pragmatischen ............................................................................. 64 1.7 Historiographie als Aggregat und System ............................................................ 66 1.7.1 Universalhistorie als Erzählsystem................................................................ 66 1.7.2 Kollektion und Struktur................................................................................. 73 1.8 Historikalisierung der Historiographie ................................................................. 76 1.9 Perspektivität der Historiographie ........................................................................ 81 1.10 Paradigmenwechsel der Geschichtsvermittlung................................................ 84 1.11 Von der Katechese zur Narration...................................................................... 86 3 1.12 Pädagogische Konsequenzen ............................................................................ 92 1.13 Akroama: Erzählen und Zuhören ...................................................................... 96 1.14 Erziehung zur Geschichte................................................................................ 101 1.15 Aspekte der Historiographie Mangelsdorfs..................................................... 103 1.15.1 Kausalität des Kleinen................................................................................. 103 1.15.2 Wissenschaft und Wahrheit......................................................................... 104 1.15.3 Stellenwert der Bibelgeschichte .................................................................. 115 2 Lebensstationen ....................................................................................................... 119 2.1 Vorbemerkung .................................................................................................... 119 2.2 Dresden – Naumburg (1748–1768) .................................................................... 121 2.3 Leipzig – Halle (1768–1772).............................................................................. 134 2.3.1 Universität Leipzig ...................................................................................... 134 2.3.2 Universität Halle.......................................................................................... 139 2.3.3 Christian Adolph Klotz................................................................................ 140 2.3.4 Mangelsdorf und Klotz................................................................................ 151 2.4 Dessau – Halle (1772–1782)............................................................................... 153 2.4.1 Johann Bernhard Basedow .......................................................................... 153 2.4.2 Das Philanthropin ........................................................................................ 160 2.4.3 Mangelsdorf als Lehrer................................................................................ 166 2.4.4 Der philanthropinische Streit....................................................................... 169 2.5 Königsberg (1782–1802) .................................................................................... 192 2.5.1 Karl Abraham von Zedlitz und Leipe.......................................................... 192 2.5.2 Königsberg: Stadt ........................................................................................ 200 2.6 Königsberg Universität ....................................................................................... 202 2.6.1 Charakteristik der Albertina ........................................................................ 202 2.6.2 Latein als Unterrichtssprache ...................................................................... 211 2.6.3 Geschichtsprofessuren – Stellenwert der Geschichte.................................. 213 4 2.6.4 Vorlesungsverzeichnisse ............................................................................. 219 2.6.5 Mangelsdorf als Universitätsprofessor: Funktionen und Vorlesungen ....... 221 2.6.6 Mangelsdorfs Vorlesungen von 1782–1802................................................ 222 2.7 Gelehrter und Gesellschaft.................................................................................. 226 3 Wirkungsbereiche.................................................................................................... 249 3.1 Historik ............................................................................................................... 249 3.1.1 Vorbemerkung............................................................................................. 249 3.1.2 De Magistro Memoriae................................................................................ 251 3.1.3 De iureiurando per gladium......................................................................... 255 3.1.4 De consacramentalium origine non Germanica,.......................................... 258 3.1.5 Vita et memoria viri illustris Christiani Adolphii Klotzii ........................... 260 3.1.6 Abriß der allgemeinen Weltgeschichte........................................................ 265 3.1.7 Hausbedarf aus der allgemeinen Geschichte der alten Welt ....................... 273 3.1.8 Rezeption des „Hausbedarfs“ ...................................................................... 346 3.1.9 Alter Zeit Exempelbuch............................................................................... 348 3.1.10 Abriß der Teutschen Geschichte ................................................................. 351 3.1.11 Europäische Geschichte des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts............................... 357 3.2 Pädagogik............................................................................................................ 367 3.2.1 Mangelsdorf im Spiegel der Aufklärungspädagogik................................... 367 3.2.2 Historisch-Statistisch-Moralisches Lesebuch.............................................. 374 3.2.3 Versuch einer Darstellung (des Erziehungswesens).................................... 385 3.2.4 Anekdoten und kleine Erzählungen............................................................. 410 3.3 Rhetorik .............................................................................................................. 412 3.3.1 Rede zum Kowalewski-Stipendium ............................................................ 412 3.3.2 Zwei Ankündigungen von Reden über das Groebische Stiftungswesen..... 413 3.3.3 Über den Geist der Revolutionen ................................................................ 415 3.3.4 Über die Gleichheit der Menschen .............................................................. 421 5 3.3.5 Ad redintegrandam memoriam viri illustrissimi Friderici a Groeben ......... 430 3.4 Poetik .................................................................................................................
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