WORLD TOURISM DESTINATIONS

UNIT-III 1. Countries 2. Central and Middle 3. China 4. SAARC Countries A S I A N

C O N T I N E N T

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 2 Countries in ASIAN Continent : 48+03+01

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 3 WEST ASIA CENTRAL ASIA SOUTH ASIA

12/11/2020NORTH ASIA Saravanan_doc_WorldEAST ASIA Tourism_PPT SOUTH EAST ASIA4 WEST ASIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 5 WEST ASIAN COUNTRIES • Armenia • • Azerbaijan • • • Palestine • Cyprus • • Georgia • • • • Iran • • • • • • Kuwait 12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 6 Armenia

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 7 Azerbaijan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 8 Bahrain

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 9 Cyprus

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 10 Georgia

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 11 Iraq

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 12 Iran

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 13 Israel

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 14 Jordan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 15 Kuwait

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 16 Lebanon

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 17 Oman

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 18 Palestine

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 19 Qatar

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 20 Saudi Arabia

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 21 Syria

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 22 Turkey

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 23 United Arab Emirates

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 24 Yemen

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 25 CENTRAL ASIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 26 Countries in Central Asia

• Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 27 Kazakhstan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 28 Kyrgyzstan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 29 Tajikistan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 30 Turkmenistan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 31 Uzbekistan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 32 SOUTH ASIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 33 South Asian Countries

• Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan • • Nepal • Maldives • Pakistan • Sri Lanka

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 34 Afghanistan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 35 Bangladesh

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 36 Bhutan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 37 India

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 38 Nepal

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 39 Maldives

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 40 Pakistan

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 41 Sri Lanka

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 42 NORTH ASIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 43 NORTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

• RUSSIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 44 RUSSIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 45

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 46 EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES

• CHINA • • JAPAN • MACAU • MONGOLIA • NORTH KOREA • SOUTH KOREA • TAIWAN

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 47 CHINA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 48 HONG KONG

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 49 JAPAN

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 50 MACAU

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 51 MONGOLIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 52 NORTH KOREA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 53 SOUTH KOREA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 54 TAIWAN

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 55 SOUTH EAST ASIA

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 56 SOUTH EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES

• Brunei • Philippines • Cambodia • Singapore • East Timor • Thailand • Indonesia • Vietnam • Laos • Malaysia • Myanmar

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 57 Brunei

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 58 Cambodia

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 59 East Timor

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 60 Indonesia

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 61 Laos

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 62 Malaysia

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 63 Myanmar (Burma)

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 64 Philippines

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 65 Singapore

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 66 Thailand

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 67 Vietnam

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 68 Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 69

Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency (West Asia)

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 70 * Armenia - Yerevan - Armenian - dram * Azerbaijan - Baku - Azerbaijani - manat * Bahrain - Manama - - bahraini dinar * Cyprus - Nicosia - Greek/turkish - cypriot pound * Gaza - Gaza - Arabic - israeli new sheqel * Georgia - Tbilisi - Georgian - lari * Iraq - Baghdad - Arabic - iraqi dinar * Israel - Jerusalem - Hebrew - israeli new sheqel * Jordan - - Arabic - jordanian dinar * Kuwait - Kuwait City - Arabic - kuwait dinar * Lebanon - - Arabic - lebanese lira * Oman - - Arabic - rial * Qatar - - Arabic - riyal * Saudi Arabia - Riyadh - Arabic - riyal * Syria - - Arabic - syrian pound * Turkey - Ankara - Turkish - new turkish lira * United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi - Arabic - UAE dirham * Yemen - Sanaá - Arabic - yemeni rial

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 71 Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency (Central Asia) * Kazakhstan - Astana - Kazakh/Russian - Tenge * Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek - Krygyz/Russian - Som * Tajikistan - Dushanbe - Tajik - Somoni * Turkmenistan - Ashgabat - Turkmen - Turkmen Manat * Uzbekistan - Tashkent - Uzbek - Uzbekistan Som

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 72 Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency (South Asia) * Afghanistan - Kabul - persian - afghani * Bangladesh - Dhaka - bengali - taka * Bhutan - Thimphu - dzongkha - ngultrum * India - New Delhi - hindi - rupee * Iran - Tehran - persian - iranian rial * Maldives - Malé - dhihevi - rufiyaa * Nepal - Kathmandu - nepali - rupee * Pakistan - Islamabad - urdu - rupee * Sri Lanka - Colombo - sinhala/tamil - sri lankan rupee

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 73 Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency (North Asia)

• Russia - Moscow - Russian - ruble

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 74 Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency (East Asia) * China - Beijing - Mandarin - Yuan * Hong Kong - none - English/Chinese - Hong Kong Dollar * Japan - Tokyo - Japanese - Yen * Macau - none - Chinese/Portugese - Macanese Pataca * Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar - Mongolian - togrog * North Korea - Pyongyang - Korean - North Korean won * South Korea - Seoul - Korean - won * Taiwan - Taipei - mandarin - new taiwan dollar

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 75 Countries, Capital Cities, Languages and Currency (South East Asia) * Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan - Malay - brunei dollar * Cambodia - Phnom Penh - khmer/french - riel * Indonesia - Jakarta -indonesian - rupiah * Laos - Vientiane - lao/french - kip * Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur - malay - ringgit * Myanmar (Burma)- Naypyidaw - burmese - kyat * Philippines - Manila - filipino/english - peso * Singapore - Singapore -english/mandarian/malay/tamil - singapore dollar * Thailand - Bangkok - thai - baht * Timor-Leste (East Timor) - Dili -tetum/portugese - US dollar * Vietnam - Hanoi - vietnamese - dong

12/11/2020 Saravanan_doc_World Tourism_PPT 76 The Tourism Geography of the Middle East Countries of the Middle East

• Bahrain within Iraq) • Qatar • Cyprus • Israel • Saudi Arabia • Egypt • Jordan • Syria • Iran • Kuwait • Turkey • Iraq • Lebanon • United Arab • Iraqi • Oman Emirates Kurdistan • State of • Yemen (autonomy Palestine The Middle East-Cultural Features

• Vast resources • All but two (Israel and Iran) of the countries in the region are Arabic-Speaking • Predominantly Muslim in Religion, except for Israel and Lebanon • There are substantial ethnic and religious minorities Cultural Features

Aspects of Islam that influence tourist experience: • The obligation of Muslims to pray five times a day with special emphasis on Friday • The requirement to fast between sunrise and sunset during the month of Ramadan • At least once in a lifetime, Muslims should make the pilgrimage or haj to the holy city of Mecca Tourism Demand and Supply

• The region accounts for a relatively small share of the world tourism – almost 3% of arrivals • Dubai invests heavily in tourism • Oil-based prosperity of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states attract a large business travel market • There is considerable volume of travel involving business tourism, returning migrant workers, visiting friends and relatives, Tourism Demand and Supply

• With only modest progress in education, most countries in the region are ill-equipped to meet the challenges of globalization • Foreign investors and national governments have provided much of the infrastructure needed for international tourism • Cheap oil: more vehicles Tourism Resources

• A wealth of cultural attractions: the region gave rise to the world’s earliest civilizations and 3 major religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • A generally favourable for beach tourism, although in some countries this is restricted by cultural and religious attitudes (except Israel and Dubai) • The mountains in the north of the region provide opportunities for winter sports Tourism Resources

• There is also a scope for adventure holidays in the more accessible mountain and areas • Ecotourism in practice has made little progress Main Threats to Tourism

• The political situation has been a major factor in preventing the region realising its tourism potential. Terrorism resulted in much negative publicity • The unique appeal of the region lies in its antiquities and cultural sites. These need careful management and have a limited capacity to receive visitors. Tourism

• It is a meeting place of East and West: mysterious yet highly accessible • The most populous of the Arab countries and the cultural center for the Arabic-speaking world • Its people is the inheritors of an ancient civilization that flourished many centuries before the rise of Islam • The bulk of Egypt’s territory is desert • The ‘Gift of the Nile’ Egypt

• Egypt is the dominant destination of international tourists in the Middle East • Egypt is attempting to widen its resource base by encouraging conferences and special interest tourism Nile River Tourism Resources of Egypt

• The Pyramids of Giza – the only survivors of the ‘seven wonders of the ancient world’ • The temples and other antiquities near Luxor, including the world famous of the Kings • The temple at Abu Simbel near Aswan, which UNESCO campaigns saved from inundation by the Aswan High Dam Project Pyramids of Giza

LUXOR TEMPLES

ABU SIMBEL TEMPLES

Other Tourist Resources

• Fayyum (Fayoum) Oasis • Sailing in traditional felucca on the Nile • Trekking in the Sinai Dessert • Great potential: The Mediterranean Coast and the coast (Red Sea Riviera) FAYYUM OASIS

FELUCCA ON THE NILE

SINAI DESERT Red Sea Riviera TOURISM ISRAEL

• The country is poor in natural resources, but has a workforce that is enterprising and highly skilled in the latest technology • Offer a variety of scenery and climate, including the snows of , the sub-tropical Galilee, and the heat and aridity of the • Security is a major consideration for travel in Israel itself, and El Al, the national carrier, routinely carried armed air marshals on its flights long before 9/11 made it a global issue Mount Hermon Dead Sea The Demand for Tourism

Israel can offer a great variety of tourist products including: • Summer holiday resorts along the Mediterranean coast at Herzliya and Netanya, and Ashkelon to the south • Eilat, Israel’s outlet to the Red Sea, has become a popular winter sun destination, with facilities for underwater photography, diving and skiing

Herzliya Eilat The Demand for Tourism

• Spa Tourism has been developed around picturesque Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) and the Dead Sea • Working holidays on kibbutz, the uniquely Israeli experiment in communal living Spa on the Dead Sea Mud Hut - Kibbutz Trekking in the Negev Desert Cultural Tourism

Archaeological sites many of which are mentioned in the bible

Herod the Great’s Hilltop Fortress Historic port of Acre (Akko) Christian Pilgrimages

Major Cities

• Tel Aviv is the Financial Center of the country • Haifa is Israel’s largest port • Jerusalem-the capital of ancient Judea TOURISM

• Jordan is a small, relatively poor Arab country • Tourism plays and important role in the economy • Major attractions now include: – , the ancient city of the Nabatean civilisation – The desert scenery of – Eastern shores of the Dead Sea – The Crusader Castle at Kerak – Roman City of Jerash – Pilgrim sites on the east bank of the river Jordan – Beaches and watersports of on the Red Seas coast Ancient city of Petra Wadi Rum Eastern shores of the Dead Sea

Crusader Castle at Kerak

Jerash

River Jordan

TOURISM

• Roughly the size of England and Wales, Syria comprises a large section of the Fertile Crescent • Poor infrastructure is a major constraint on tourism development • Syria’s cultural heritage are represented by: – The capital Damascus, the world’s oldest city – Ruins of the ancient trading city of Palmyra – The Krak des Chevaliers-castles built by the crusaders

Damascus

Ommayad Mosque

Palmyra

Krak des Chevaliers

TOURISM

• Lebanon is a classic example of a multi- cultural society peopled toa large extent by successive waves of refugees from other parts of the Middle East • Beirut – not only the financial capital but also its main entertainment center • The country’s tourist attraction include: – – a number of ski centers have been developed – Bekaa Valley, includes the ancient temples of Mount Lebanon

Bekaa Valley/temples of Baalbek

TOURISM GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES • A major player in international tourism • Dubai has done most to attract Western tour operators, and is an example of economic diversification – A cruise terminal – World-class golf courses – Yacht marinas – Ultra-modern shopping malls and traditional markets – Sport tourism, including the Dubai World Cup Dubai

• Abu Dhabi is aiming to a centre of cultural excellence TOURISM

• The Qatar Tourism Authority has used its wealth, based on vast reserves of natural gas, to become a ‘sustainable niche market destination. • Doha’s international airport is designed specifically to handle the new generation of Airbus ‘superjumbos’ • Has hosted a number of sports events, including the 2006 Asian Games Doha, Qatar

2006 Asian Games - Doha

Doha Landmarks – Doha Pearl

Doha Landmarks – Spiral Mosque

• The spiral mosque of the Kassem Darwish Fakhroo Islamic Centre is a recent construction - It has become in a few years one of Doha's most famous landmarks. This is not a traditional Qatari mosque but a replica of the Great Mosque of Al- Mutawwakil in Samarra in Iraq. TOURISM

• In contrast to Dubai, Oman can offer the tourist a more genuine experience of traditional Arab culture. • The country has a long history of seafaring traders from the port of Muscat venture widely across the . • Batinah Coast- being developed as a winter sun destination for Europeans. • Dhofar region-appeals to Arabian families Muscat, Oman

TOURISM GEOGRAPHY OF SAUDI ARABIA • Saudi Arabia has the largest GDP in the Middle East – it has the quarter of the world’s oil reserves • Primary destination for business travellers, focusing on Riyadh and Jeddah • Visiting religious reasons to perform the haj/umrah to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina

Mecca

Medina

Jeddah and Riyadh

Jeddah Airport

TOURISM

• Yemen is much poorer than other countries of the , and tribal traditions persist to a much greater extent • This mysterious country has much to offer the more adventurous tourist, namely: – Archictectural heritage of mud-brick tower houses and palaces in Old Sana’a, Zabid and Shibam – The remains of the ancient Sabean civilisation, probably the biblical Sheba Old Sana’a Mud-brick houses in Sana’a TOURISM GEOGRAPHY OF IRAQ

• The major part of Iraq is made up of the fertile plains of the Tigris and Euphrates, historically known as Mesopotamia • Archeological sites: Ninevah, Babylon • Baghdad is a modern capital, and little remains of the city of the Abbsahid Caliphs TOURISM

• Known as Persia until 1935 • Different in laguage, ethnicity and culture from its Arab neighbors • Iran’s Tourism resources include: – Isfahan ‘the city of mosques’ – Persepolis – remains of the Pre-Islamic Persian civilisations – Ski centers of Alborz mountains – Summer resorts along the Caspian Sea – The island Kish in the Gulf – upmarket winter destination Isfahan – The City of Mosques Alborz Mountains Kish Island