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OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 170 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL. SURVEY.... OF -INDIA Geographical distribution .and Zoogeography of Odonata (Insecta). of Meghalaya, India TRIDIB RANJAN MITRA ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 170 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Geographical distribution and Zoogeography of Odonata (Illsecta) of Meghalaya, India TRIDIB RANJAN MITRA Zoological Sitrvey of India, Calcutta Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of Indirz, Calcutta Zoological Survey of India Calcutta 1999 Published: March. 1999 ISBN· 81-85874-11- 5 © Goverllnlent of India, 1999 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or translnitted, in any form or by any means, ele~tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of wit~out the publisher's consent, in any form of bindi~g or cover other than that in which.it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price i ndicaled by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable PRICE: Rs. 100/· S 6 £4 Published at the Publication Division ~y the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4 AJC Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building (13th Floor), Nizaln Palace, Calcutta-700 020 after laser typesetting by Krishna Printing Works, 106 Vivekananda Road, Calcutta-700 006 and printed by Hooghly Printing Co. Ltd. (A Govt. of India Enterprises). Cakutta-700 071. Records of the Zoological Survey of India OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 170 1999 Pages 1 ~63 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS SYSTEMATICS AND DISTRIBUTION 2 DISCUSSION 50 SUMMARY 54 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 54 REFERENCES 54 INTRODUCTION The Order odonata is popularly known as dragonflies. These insects are famous for their power to control the populations of noxious insects viz. mosquitos, termites, flies, aphids etc. They occur all over the world. The state Meghalaya is situated in the North-eastern part of India. it was created in 1972; previous to this it was within Assam along with Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, NagaJand. Its physiography is based on three hills- Garo; Khasi and Jaintia. it is divided into five administrative districts. The area is provided with innumerable rivulets and streams flowing in the grooves and gorges of hills and valleys. There are number of lakes, ponds and rivers. The rivers are torrentials and flow in the direction of ranges and froms water falls along the preciptous edges (Figs. 1& 2). The vegetation is dominated by temperate and tropical evergreen forests. The first record of Odonata from the state was made by Selys and Hagen is 1853 (Lahiri 1987). Lahiri (op. cit) compiled as well as studied the available ~aterials from the state and reported 147 species and subspecies. Prasad and Ghosh (1984 a) described one species which Lahiri did not include. Recently Zoological Survey of India has undertaken a project to study the fauna of the state. In this connection reassesment of fauna of the state is being- made. Works so far published and or under preparation do not contain detailed geographical distribution of any taxon as well as Zoogeography. The present paper is in continuation of the project fauna of Meghalaya series. It contains detailed geopraphical distribution of each species and subspecies scattered in literature and discussion on zoogeography. MA TERIALS AND METHODS Odonata materials collected by differenf parties from Zoological Survey of India were examined in the laboratory at Calcutta. The result of the studies were divided into two parts-state fauna and Zoogeography. The state fauna contains data on collection, keys for iddentification etc. It has been prepard by Dr. V.D.Srivatava and C.Sinha. In this paper data on collection and species re~orded by them have also been omitted. Taxa have been arranged following Fraser's (1957) Reclassification. Arrangement of species have been made following Lahiri (1987). In case of species and subspecies geographical distribution have been cited with authorities. In case of families and genera names of countries, available in modem literature, have been cited. Distribution has been divided into India and outside India. In case of species and subspecies distribution is divided into Meghalaya, outside Meghalay and outside India. Localities, outside Meghalaya but within India, have been divided tentatively into Eastern India, Western India, Northern India, Southern India etc. * since several indeterminate localities viz. Bengal, Assam, Deccan, Western India, Northwest India, Indo-China etc. are prevalent in literatre. Indeterminalte / broad names of licalities have also been retained ~nly when definite localities could not be determined. * Eastern India : Bihar, West Bengal, N.E. India, Orissa and Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. Northern India : Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjad, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh. Central India : Aravalli Satpura upland, Northern and central Naharashtra. Southern India : Tamil Nadu, Southern Maharashtra, Deccan parts of Andhra pradesh, Kamataka. Western India : Western Chats. 2 REC. ZOOL. SURV. INDIA, OCC. PAPER NO. 170 SYSTEMATICS AND DISTRIBUTION Class INSECTA Order ODDNA TA Suborder ZYGOPTERA Fami)y AMPHIPTERYGIDAE Distribution : India: Meghalaya and West Bengal Outside India: Australia, Bangladesh, Burma Cameroon, China, Guatemala, Hondurus, Hongkong, Indonesia, Laos, Malayasia, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. Genus: PIIi/ogana Kirby Distribution : India: Meghalaya and West Bengal. Outside India: Bengaladesh, Burma, China, Hongkong, Malayasia, Nepal, Thailand. PIIi/oganga montana (Selys) Distribution: Distribution: India (a) : Meghalaya : Shillong, Umrori, Garampani (Lahiri, 1987) Pynursla {Prassad & Ghosh, 1984a} (b) Outside Meghalaya Eastern India : West Bengal, Darjiling (Fraser 1929 a) Outside India : Bangladesh, Nepal, Malayasia (Tsuda 1991) Family: CHLOROCYPHIDAE Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kashmir, Kamataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Andaman & Nicobars. Outside India: Ango.la, Australia, Benin, Burkina-Faso, Burma, Cameroon, Central" African Repulic, Congo, Cote d' ivoire, Ethiopea G,abon, Ghana, Guinea, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, ~epal, Nigeria, Philippienes, Papua, New Guinea, Senegal, Sierra Leon, Solomn Islands, Sri Lanka, Suoth Africa, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzaia, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam. Genus : Libel/ago Selys Distribution : India : Assam, Kamataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh" Andaman & Nicobars. Outside India: Burma, China, Indoesia, Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. 2. Libel/ago Ii"eala Ii"eala (Burmeister) Distribution: India: (a) Meghalaya: Rongthan River Bank, Umaran, Umrsi, Umtynger (Lahiri 1987). (b) Outside Meghalaya : Eastern India: Tripura (Mitra 1994) Cachar (Fraser 1928b) Gopaldhara, Assam (Laidlaw 1917a); Northen India : Dehra Dun (Fraser 1928b). Nicobars. (Laidlaw 1917a) ~ ~ ~ c ~::s ~ ~ 0 91 92° ~ ~ ~ PHYSIOGRAPHY ~ ~ Meghalaya­ ~ Mikir Region Z~' I Y I ~o I ~ K.M filIIIll Above 150()n fZiZl900-1500 m. ~~150-900m. 50 25L __ ~ _________L __A__ O~£ __ 5 __ ~______ ~~ ______.L- __~~I ___I_B_el_OW __ 15_0_m~. 91° 92 0 93° 4 REC. ZOOL. SURV. INDIA, OCG.- PAPER NO, 170 • IV(RS 0 f N-E I NOlA o 80'S L e U R M A IN OF BEH64L ~. '7 Fig.2. 20 K.M. I MEGHALAYA Scale A s A M 26 • 8 11 .9 -12 10. 1~ \ 14 - 13- 11 1920/ • 1i ·,2 ". / 19 16 .33 6 13 - 21 ... - 3 - -34. • • ( • '8' 17. -35, © 2.3 .,4 1 2 ~ 3 ~2 / • 18· j6 .2', ) 4 25 20 ( 3 .15 '-. • - ( • \... .. ~.. 16\ 24 37 21 .31'- ...... ,~ ........, 5 26. 23 29 • - f '\...~ 17 I· 'J...27 • 38- .22 30 \ 4 .. ~ -"- '" ~"-"~""-- • 28 -~-.. ~., ',-,.-"--- .' --."w' "~ •• __ "---£c,,N"" '" 6 5 • " "'-."", . B A N G L A o E s H ............ 25 25 91- 92- A = GARO HILLS C = JAINTIA -1 CHARIKUTY 2 REMGIRI 3 ANOGIRI 4 DEGRANGIRI 1 GARAMPANI 12 THADLASKEtN 5 TEBANGIRI 6 SONGKHAMA 7 DAMRA 8 DAINADUBI 3 SHANG PHUNG 4 SONAPURDI 9 WAGEASI 10 BANGSI 11 SONGSOK 12 CHITMARING BILL 5 RATACHARA 6 JOWAI 13 RONGRAM 14 RONGRENGIRI 15 SIJU 16 BALFAGRAM 17 BAGHMARA 18 DAMBU 19 NAPAK BILL 20 KOSAl 21 RONG JENG 22 WilLIAM NAGAR 23 TURA B = KHASI HILLS 1 SONAPAHAR 2 DARUGIRI 3 NONGSTOIN 4 MAWSYNRAM 5 RANIKOR 6 BURNIHAT 7 LAILAO 8 UMLINGAT 9 NONGPOH 10 UMSAMLEM 11 UMTHAM 12 UMRAN 13 UMSHNING 14 MAWIONG 15 SARAPANI 16 SUMER 17 MAWLYNDEP 18 MAWLAI 19 SHILlONG 20 MYLUEM 21 MAWPHLONG 22 UMTYNGER 23 WEILOI 24 JAKRIM 25 DYMPEP 26 BALAT 27 SAIMAWDON 28 SHElLA 29 MAWBLONG 30 DAWKI 31 PYNURSlA 32 MAWRYNGK RENG 33 UMROI 34 MAWPAT 35 MAWPOH 36 lAWSOHTUN 37 CHERRAPUNJEE 38 MAWSMAI 6 REC. ZOOL. SURV. INDIA, OCC. PAPER NO. 170 Outside India : Burma (Selys 1891); China (Tsuda 199 I); Formaosa (Needham 1930); Indonesia, Laos, Malayasia, Bepal, Phillippines, Tawian, Thaliland, Vietnam (Tsuda 1991)~ Genus: Rltinocypha Rambur Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Central India, Karnataka, Kashmir, Kerala, Maharshtra, Manipur, Bagaiand, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. Outside India: Australia, Bangladesh, Burma, China, Hongkong. Japan, Laos, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippies, Solomon Islands, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. 3. Rltinocypha hiforata Fraser Rhinochpha beatifia, Lahiri, 1987, Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ pap.
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    37 Irrigation in Southern and Eastern Asia in figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011 FAO WATER Irrigation in Southern REPORTS and Eastern Asia in figures AQUASTAT Survey – 2011 37 Edited by Karen FRENKEN FAO Land and Water Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2012 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-107282-0 All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.