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Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae)

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Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, XX: A Revision of Tackysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) KARL V. KROMBEIN and 'WOJCIECH J. PULAWSKI m i •£. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 552 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs'submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Robert McC. Adams Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 552 Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, XX: A Revision of Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) Karl V. Krombein, and Wojciech J. Pulawski SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1994 ABSTRACT Krombein, Karl V., and Wojciech J. Pulawski. Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, XX: A Revision of Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 552, 106 pages, 257 figures, 1994.—Twenty-three species of Tachysphex are recorded from Sri Lanka. Nine previously known species are redescribed, and the following new species are described: anthracinus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), chiastotrichus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), crinitus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), diadelus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), drymobius Pulawski (Sri Lanka), eucharistus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), gryllivorus Pulawski (Nepal, Sri Lanka), haematopus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), indicus Pulawski (southern India, Sri Lanka), noar Pulawski (Sri Lanka), oxychelus Pulawski (Sri Lanka), sri Pulawski (Sri Lanka), sympleuron Pulawski (India, Sri Lanka), and xanthoptesimus Pulawski (southern India, Sri Lanka). Other species known from lowland India, Burma, and Thailand, are redescribed in the Appendix, and two new species are described: actites Pulawski from Thailand and rugicauda Pulawski from India. A key for all of the species treated is provided. Newly synonymized names are: Tachysphex consocius mookonis Tsuneki, 1972, = nitidissimus de Beaumont, 1952; Tachysphex grandii de Beaumont, 1965, = consocius Kohl, 1892; Tachysphex collahs Kohl, 1898, and lanatus Arnold, 1947, = mediterraneus Kohl, 1883; Tachysphex egregius Arnold, 1924, = plicosus (A. Costa, 1867); Tachytes flavogeniculatus Taschenberg, 1880, = Tachysphex erythropus (Spinola, 1839); Tachysphex lugubris Arnold, 1924, rugosus Gussakovskij, 1952, and quadrifurci Pulawski, 1971, = minutus Nurse, 1909; Tachysphex peculator Nurse, 1909, = albocinctus (Lucas, 1849); Tachysphex schmiedeknechti satanas Pulawski, 1971, = schmiedeknechti Kohl, 1883; Tachysphex tinctipennis Cameron, 1904, = morosus (F. Smith, 1858); and karooensis Arnold, 1923, and foucauldi de Beaumont, 1952, = vulneratus R. Turner, 1917. The following taxa, previously regarded as subspecies of Tachysphex panzeri (Vander Linden, 1829), are newly synonymized with the latter: Lyrops rufiventris Spinola, 1839, Tachytes oraniensis Lepeletier, 1845, Tachytes pulverosus Radoszkowski, 1886, Tachysphex panzeri fortunatus de Beaumont, 1968, Tachysphex panzeri cyprius Pulawski, 1971, and Tachysphex panzeri sareptanus Pulawski, 1971. A neotype is designated for Tachytes discolor Frivaldszky, 1877 (a junior synonym of Tachysphex panzeri (Vander Linden, 1829)). The species group classification for the genus is abandoned because of intermediate species. Tachysphex vulneratus R. Turner, previously known from Africa, is first recorded from India and Thailand; lagunaensis Tsuneki, described from the Philippines, is recorded from Laos and Thailand; and panzeri (Vander Linden), known from the western Palearctic to the Indian subcontinent, is recorded from Thailand. Original behavioral data are presented for consocius, drymobius, gryllivorus, indicus, morosus, panzeri, and sympleuron. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linneaus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (revised for vol. 20) Krombein, Karl V. Biosystematic studies of Ceylonese wasps. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 16, 20: Authors Karl V. Krombein and Wojciech J. Pulawski.) Vol. 17: Authors: Karl V. Krombein and J. van der Vecht. In vols. place of publication appears as: City of Washington. Includes bibliographical references. Contents: 2. Scoliidae (Hymenoptera: Scolioidea)—5. Ampulicidae (Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea)—20. A revision of Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with notes on other Oriental species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:374 1. Wasps—Sri Lanka—Classification. I. Pulawski, Wojciech J. II. Vecht, J. van der (Jaco- bus). III. Title. IV. Series: Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 283, etc. QL1.S54 no. 283. etc. 591s 82-600154 [QL567.5.S72] 595.79'8 © The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents Page Introduction 1 Sources of Material 2 Technical Terms and Symbols 2 Bibliographic Citations 3 Material Depositories 3 Collector Names 3 Geographic Names 3 Sri Lankan Localities, Climatic and Ecological Zones 3 Acknowledgments 6 Natural History 8 Tachysphex morosus (F. Smith) 9 Tachysphex consocius Kohl 10 Tachysphex gryllivorus Pulawski, new species 10 Tachysphex mediterraneus Kohl 11 Tachysphex plicosus (A. Costa) 11 Tachysphex drymobius Pulawski, new species 11 Tachysphex sympleuron Pulawski, new species 11 Tachysphex panzeri (Vander Linden) 12 Tachysphex indicus Pulawski, new species 12 Tachysphex schmiedeknechti Kohl 13 Tachysphex albocinctus (Lucas) 13 Systematics 13 Generic Description 13 Problems Related to Species Group Classification 15 Key to Tachysphex of Sri Lanka, Lowland India, Burma, and Thailand 15 Descriptions of Species 20 1. Tachysphex gujaraticus Nurse 20 2. Tachysphex sri Pulawski, new species 22 3. Tachysphex morosus (F. Smith) 24 4. Tachysphex consocius Kohl 28 5. Tachysphex anthracinus Pulawski, new species 31 6. Tachysphex gryllivorus Pulawski, new species 34 7. Tachysphex haematopus Pulawski, new species 37 8. Tachysphex oxychelus Pulawski, new species 38 9. Tachysphex mediterraneus Kohl 41 10. Tachysphex plicosus (A. Costa) 43 11. Tachysphex eucharistus Pulawski, new species 47 12. Tachysphex crinitus Pulawski, new species 49 13. Tachysphex xanthoptesimus Pulawski, new species 50 14. Tachysphex chiastotrichus Pulawski, new species 52 15. Tachysphex changi Tsuneki 53 16. Tachysphex drymobius Pulawski, new species 57 17. Tachysphex bengalensis Cameron 58 18. Tachysphex sympleuron Pulawski, new species 60 19. Tachysphex panzeri (Vander Linden) 63 20. Tachysphex noar Pulawski, new species 68 in iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 21. Tachysphex diadelus Pulawski, new species 70 22. Tachysphex selectus Nurse 72 23. Tachysphex indicus Pulawski, new species 74 Appendix: Selected Oriental Species 76 24. Tachysphex erythrophorus Dalla Torre 76 25. Tachysphex puncticeps Cameron 77 26. Tachysphex bituberculatus Cameron 79 27. Tachysphex instructus Nurse 80 28. Tachysphex actites Pulawski, new species 81 29. Tachysphex auriceps Cameron 82 30. Tachysphex lagunaensis Tsuneki 83 31. Tachysphex conclusus Nurse 84 32. Tachysphex minutus Nurse 85 33. Tachysphex fulvicornis R. Turner 87 34. Tachysphex rugicauda Pulawski, new species, 87 35. Tachysphex vulneratus R. Turner 88 36. Tachysphex testaceipes Bingham 91 37. Tachysphex schmiedeknechti Kohl 93 38. Tachysphex erythropus (Spinola) 95 39. Tachysphex grandissimus Gussakovskij 98 40. Tachysphex albocinctus (Lucas) 100 Literature Cited 103 Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, XX: A Revision of Tachysphex Kohl, 1883, with Notes on Other Oriental Species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) Karl V. Krombein and
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