DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Groningen Dermatological Preparations for The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Groningen Dermatological Preparations for The University of Groningen Dermatological preparations for the tropics. A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on choices, production and dispensing. Bakker, Peter; Woerdenbag, Herman; Gooskens, Vincent; Naafs, Ben; Kaaij, Rachel van der; Wieringa, Nicolien IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2012 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Bakker, P., Woerdenbag, H., Gooskens, V., Naafs, B., Kaaij, R. V. D., & Wieringa, N. (2012). Dermatological preparations for the tropics. A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on choices, production and dispensing. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 25-09-2021 Dermatological Preparations for the Tropics A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on therapeutic choices, production and dispensing Peter Bakker Herman Woerdenbag Vincent Gooskens Ben Naafs Rachel van der Kaaij Nicolien Wieringa Dermatological Preparations for the Tropics A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on therapeutic choices, production and dispensing Peter Bakker Herman Woerdenbag Vincent Gooskens Ben Naafs Rachel van der Kaaij Nicolien Wieringa Colofon Dermatological Preparations for the Tropics, A formulary of dermatological preparations and background information on therapeutic choices, production and dispensing 2nd revised edition Authors: Peter Bakker Herman Woerdenbag Vincent Gooskens Ben Naafs Rachel van der Kaaij Nicolien Wieringa Publisher: © 2012 Beta Science Shop, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Design & lay-out: Histografica, Soest, The Netherlands ISBN: 978-90-367-5698-3 Any part of this book may be reproduced, used, translated or adapted to meet local needs, without permission from the authors or publisher, provided this is done for non-profit purposes and with acknowledgement. The authors/publisher would appreciate receiving a copy of the materials in which parts of the book are used. To the reader of this book Any part of this book may be reproduced, used, translated or adapted to meet local needs, without permission from the authors or publisher, provided it is for non-profit purposes and includes acknowledgement of the source. The authors/publisher would appreciate receiving a copy of the materials in which parts of the book are used. Some of the names used in this formulary are registered trademarks in a number of countries. They are not characterised as such. Using such names does not imply our preference for a specific brand product. Medicine and pharmacy are fast changing scientific fields. We have taken great care to ensure that perspectives, opinions and practical information in this book are up to date. We have also taken great care to provide correct information. However, the authors and publisher cannot be held responsible for any error in this book nor for the consequences of such errors. We would appreciate to receive any ideas, comments and additions. Books and separate CDs can be ordered from the publisher. This book and its supplements are also available in digital format via www.rug.nl/wewi/dermatology or directly at http://irs.ub.rug.nl/dbi/4fed64994b40a The publisher: Beta Science Shop, University of Groningen PO Box 221, 9700 AE Groningen, the Netherlands [email protected] http://www.rug.nl/wewi/ Scan this code to go to the electronic version of this book. Preface Skin diseases may often be forgotten by policy makers, but not by patients. Many adults and children suffer from common disorders such as pyoderma, scabies, acne, dermatophytosis, skin warts and pediculosis capitis leading to much discomfort, medical expenses and loss of schooldays. In industrialized countries effective and convenient treatments are easily available, and are usually reimbursed by health insurance. In low- and middle income countries (LMICs) and especially for the poorer segments of the population, the situation is different. Many patients first try their luck with the local store or the traditional healer, and only visit a clinic or hospital when the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. And when the diagnosis is finally made the patient, or the parent, often receives a written prescription to buy the treatment in a private pharmacy. In LMICs up to three quarters of medical expenses are paid out of pocket. Poor households in LMICs spent up to 9.5% of their household expenditure on medicines, compared to 3.5% by the poor in high-income countries. Surveys from over fifty LMICs have shown that, on average, more than half of essential medicines are out of stock in public sector facilities, forcing patients to the private sector where brand preferences lead to prices which are 3-5 times higher than those of simple generic products. This picture is especially relevant for dermatological diseases, for which many facilities cannot afford to supply all patients with ready-made dermatological ointments and creams. This book is the very welcome second revised edition of a publication that has stood the test of time. It brings the cost-effective treatment of common skin diseases within reach of all general physicians, clinical officers and nurses in rural clinics and district hospitals. The book also offers very practical guidance to pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in larger hospitals to prepare simple dermatological formulations at very low cost. From an industrial development point of view, domestic production of skin preparations is a good start for building self-reliance in medicine manufacturing. Small-scale production of skin preparations does not require much capital investment, and the products can be adapted to local preferences and labeling. This business case is much easier to make than for manufacture of tablets and injections which require much more capital investment and technical sophistication, and which face immense global competition from large-scale production from countries like India and China. The approach of this book is also very much in line with WHO’s concept of essential medicines: a limited range of carefully selected essential medicines leads to better treatment and lower costs. The book is especially recommended for use by publicly funded or faith-based not-for-profit health care services – in other words, in situations where the health care provider wants to make an honest effort to supply the patients with cheap and cost-effective treatment. Hans V. Hogerzeil, MD, PhD, DSc, FRCP Edin Professor of Global Health, University of Groningen, the Netherlands Former Director of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, WHO, Geneva Preface to the 2nd edition This formulary is a publication of the Science Shop (Wetenschapswinkel) at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. The local production of medicines in tropical developing countries and regions is one of its fields of interest. Skin diseases are common reasons for seeking medical advice all over the world, and even more so in developing countries (1,2). Up to 20% of people asking for treatment in primary care do so because of skin diseases. Although skin diseases are generally not life threatening, they may cause much discomfort and often have serious social implications. For example, scabies is a common skin disease. At any given time the worldwide burden of disease is about 300 million people (3). Most of these people live in developing regions and countries around the world. The highly negative influence of the disease on their quality-of-life forces even very poor patients to spend their money in search for an effective treatment they will most likely not find (4). During the three years (1977-1980) that one of the authors of this book, Vincent Gooskens, worked as a dermatologist for the Malaŵian government, he experienced the differences between working in a skin clinic in a developed Western country and in a tropical developing country. Nearly all common skin diseases that are present in the Netherlands were just as common in Malaŵi, but a number of skin diseases, including scabies, pyoderma and fungal skin infections, were far more prevalent in Malaŵi. Together with his Malaŵian counterpart, L. Chalira, Gooskens experienced that 90% of their outpatients were effectively treated with cheap and simple medication. The vast majority of patients with a common skin disease in Sub-Saharan African countries, such as Malaŵi, who ask for medical advise, will never see a doctor. Most likely they are treated by a traditional healer or a health worker with little training, in a primary health centre or an outpatient department of a hospital. The health worker can be a medical assistant, nurse or clinical officer, with access to almost none, or very few medications. In order to improve the care of patients with common skin diseases, it is necessary to train the health workers who will actually see and treat these patients, and to provide them with effective medications that are as cheap as possible in order to be affordable. In Malaŵi a simple booklet with essential knowledge about common skin diseases and their treatment with cheap and effective medications was used (5) and the Ministry of Health in Malaŵi decided to have these medications produced locally and distributed all over the country.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Why Some Migration Conditions for Plastics Are Not Appropriate for Other Fcms
    Why some migration conditions for plastics are not appropriate for other FCMs. Peter Oldring Representing 18 associations directly or indirectly involved in FCMs FIP Network 25th May 2016 Parma 1 Extract from Executive Summary (p9) European Parliament report on 1935/2004 (May 2016) ‘As a general trend, stakeholders who are in favour of further EU level harmonisation recommend that EU specific measures should establish a single standard for analytical (testing) methods, such as composition determination, migration testing, risk assessment, but also specific methods for compliance enforcement, thus ensuring that the relevant FCM is tested by companies and competent authorities across the EU with one and the same method. Furthermore, the EU single standard for analytical (testing) methods should be specific for each FCM, thus reflecting its unique properties and avoiding situations where non-harmonised FCMs are tested with methods developed for harmonised FCMs, which could lead to misleading and debatable test results’ 2 DISCLAIMER . As chair of the 18 associations representing non- plastics, I will try and represent them. The initiative started with CEPE, EMPAC and almost immediately CES silicones joined. Other associations have joined since then. However, I have to understand and work with analytical data, in order to make decisions about and determine the safety of my company’s products. The work is embryonic, associations are still joining and the final format will certainly be different to that initially envisaged. 3 Associations participating in Initiative . ACE Beverage cartons – paper, plastics and aluminium flexible . APEAL Steel for rigid metal packaging . CEFIC-FCA Substance suppliers . CELIEGE Cork . CEPE Coatings for rigid metal packaging .
    [Show full text]
  • Subject Index
    52_1107_1136_SI 16.11.2005 9:35 Uhr Seite 1107 Subject Index A – tape 264, 368, 940 α-adjustment 154 AAS, see atomic absorption spectrophotometry adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) 21 abietic acid 909, 943 adverse drug reaction 401 abrasion 174, 283 aeroallergen 391 absorption through appendage 169 – atopic eczema 391 α-acaridial 329 – avoidance 391 accident 889 aerospace 726 acebutolol hydrochloride 909 African aceclofenac 909 –ebony783 acetaldehyde 943 – mahagony 783 acetone 118, 666 – red padauk wood 783 acetylacetone 697 Agave acetylsalicylic acid 84, 909 – americana 354 Achillea millefolium (yarrow extract) 909 – tequilana 225 aciclovir 909 age 279 acid 110 agent orange 806 – black 48 (CI 65005) 909 AGEP 404 – dye 689 Agfa TSS 355 – halogenated 259 aggravation 204 –hydrochloric261 agricultural worker 272 –nitric261 agriculture 725 –red AICD, see activation-induced cell death – – 14 (azorubine) 909 airborne – – 118 (CI 26410) 909 – allergic contact dermatitis 218, 228, 315, 467, 477, 484, 598, ––359909 627, 654, 788 – violet 17 (CI 42650) 909 – contact urticaria 753, 758 – yellow – irritant contact dermatitis 625 – – 36 (CI 13065, metanil yellow) 909 aircraft manufacture 560 – – 61 (CI 18968) 909 airway symptom 520 acitretin 341 alachlor 953 acneiform alantolactone 55, 789, 909, 954 – folliculitis 229 alclometasone-17,21-dipropionate 909 –lesion265 alclometasone-17-propionate 58 acrodermatitis enteropathica 241 alcohol, see also ethyl 909 acrovesicular dermatitis 401 aldehyde 110, 607, 886 acrylamide 592, 944 algicide 562 acrylate
    [Show full text]
  • Contact Allergy to Aluminium Siemund, Ingrid
    Contact allergy to aluminium Siemund, Ingrid 2017 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Siemund, I. (2017). Contact allergy to aluminium. Lund University: Faculty of Medicine. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 INGRID SIEMUND INGRID Contact allergy to aluminium Contact allergy to aluminium INGRID SIEMUND | DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DERMATOLOGY | SKÅNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, LUND UNIVERSITY 9 Department of Occupational and 789176 Environmental Dermatology Lund University, Faculty of Medicine 2017:113 Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:113 194959 ISBN 978-91-7619-495-9 ISSN 1652-8220 Contact allergy to aluminium 1 2 Contact allergy to aluminium Ingrid Siemund DOCTORAL DISSERTATION by due permission of the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Union Reference Dates A
    Active substance name (INN) EU DLP BfArM / BAH DLP yearly PSUR 6-month-PSUR yearly PSUR bis DLP (List of Union PSUR Submission Reference Dates and Frequency (List of Union Frequency of Reference Dates and submission of Periodic Frequency of submission of Safety Update Reports, Periodic Safety Update 30 Nov. 2012) Reports, 30 Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Time Chemical Names
    Old Time Chemical Names 1080------------------------------------------------Sodium fluroacetate 2-Propanone-------------------------------------Acetone Absinthe-------------------------------------------Distillate of worm wood Abstinthium--------------------------------------Distillate of worm wood Acarcia gum-------------------------------------Gum arabic Acetaldehyde------------------------------------Acetic aldehyde Acetate of alumina-----------------------------Aluminium acetate Acetate of ammonia---------------------------Ammonium acetate Acetate of amyl---------------------------------Amyl acetate Acetate of baryta-------------------------------Barium acetate Acetate of cobalt-------------------------------Cobalt acetate Acetate of copper------------------------------Copper acetate Acetate of ethyl---------------------------------Ethyl acetate Acetate of iron----------------------------------Iron acetate Acetate of lead----------------------------------Lead acetate Acetate of lime----------------------------------Calcium acetate Acetate of manganese------------------------Manganous acetate Acetate of oxide of ethyl---------------------Ethyl acetate Acetate of potassa-----------------------------Potassium acetate Acetate of potassium--------------------------Potassium acetate Acetate of protoxide of Manganese-------Manganous acetate Acetate of soda---------------------------------Sodium acetate Acetate of zinc----------------------------------Zinc acetate Acetic aid basic bismuth---------------------Bismuth subacetate CH3COOBiO Acetic
    [Show full text]
  • European Patent Office
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP000785714B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 0 785 714 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: A01N 37/02, A01N 37/04, of the grant of the patent: A01N 37/06, A01N 37/34, 30.08.2000 Bulletin 2000/35 A01N 31/02, A61K 31/19, (21) Application number: 95934953.1 A61K 31/045, A61K 7/48, B27K 3/50, C11D 7/26, (22) Date of filing: 13.10.1995 C11D 7/60 (86) International application number: PCT/SE95/01191 (87) International publication number: WO 96/11572 (25.04.1996 Gazette 1996/18) (54) ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION ANTIMIKROBIELLE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG COMPOSITION ANTIMICROBIENNE (84) Designated Contracting States: • ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA, Volume AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL 71, 1991, TUULA KINNUNEN et al., "Antibacterial PT SE and Antifungal Properties of Propylene Glycol, Hexylene Glycol and 1,3 Butylene Glycol in (30) Priority: 14.10.1994 SE 9403541 Vitro", pages 148-150. • ACTA DERMATOVENER, Volume 60, 1980, JAN (43) Date of publication of application: FAERGEMANN et al., "Propylene Glycol in the 30.07.1997 Bulletin 1997/31 Treatment of Tinea Versicolor", pages 92-93. • MARTINDALE W., "The Extra Pharmacopoeia", (73) Proprietor: Moberg, Sven 1977, Twenty-seventh Edition, (London), pages 433 02 Partille (SE) 212, 213, 651, 652, 738-744, 1275-1276. • FOOD CHEMISTRY, Volume 4, No. 4, 1979, G. (72) Inventor: Moberg, Sven POLI et al., "Virucidal Activity of Organic Acids", 433 02 Partille (SE) pages 251-257. • STN INTERNATIONAL, File CA, Chemical (74) Representative: Abstracts, Volume 113, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Basis for Swedish Occupational Standards XXXIV
    ARBETE & HÄLSA (Work & Health) No 2017;51(3) SCIENTIFIC SERIAL Scientific Basis for Swedish Occupational Standards XXXIV Aluminium and aluminium compounds Hydrogen fluoride N,N-Dimethylformamide Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) Swedish Criteria Group for Occupational Standards Ed. Johan Montelius Swedish Work Environment Authority S-112 79 Stockholm, Sweden Translation: John Kennedy, Space 360 and Johan Montelius, the Swedish Work Environment Authority. The consensus reports in this volume are translated from Swedish. If there is any doubt as to the understanding or interpretation of the English version, the Swedish version shall prevail. ISBN 978-91-85971-60-2 ISSN 0346-7821 Swedish Work Environment Authority Printed by Kompendiet, Gothenburg, Sweden © University of Gothenburg & Authors ISBN 978-91-85971-60-2 ISSN 0346–7821 This scientific serial is sponsored by AFA Försärkring. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF EDITORIAL BOARD Kjell Torén, Gothenburg Gunnar Ahlborg, Gothenburg Kristina Alexanderson, Stockholm CO-EDITORS Berit Bakke, Oslo Maria Albin, Stockholm Lars Barregård, Gothenburg Lotta Dellve, Stockholm Jens Peter Bonde, Copenhagen Henrik Kolstad, Aarhus Jörgen Eklund, Linköping Roger Persson, Lund Mats Hagberg, Gothenburg Kristin Svendsen , Trondheim Kari Heldal, Oslo Allan Toomingas, Stockholm Kristina Jakobsson, Gothenburg Marianne Törner, Gothenburg Malin Josephson, Uppsala Bengt Järvholm, Umeå MANAGING EDITOR Anette Kærgaard, Herning Cecilia Andreasson, Gothenburg Ann Kryger, Copenhagen Carola Lidén, Stockholm Svend Erik Mathiassen, Gävle Gunnar D. Nielsen, Copenhagen Catarina Nordander, Lund Torben Sigsgaard, Aarhus Gerd Sällsten, Gothenburg Ewa Wikström, Gothenburg Eva Vingård, Stockholm Contact the editorial board or start a subscription: E-mail: [email protected], Phone: (+46)031-786 62 61 Address: Arbete & Hälsa, Box 414, 405 30 Göteborg A subscription costs 800 SKR per year per, VAT excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Anesthetics
    Local Anesthetics Introduction and History Cocaine is a naturally occurring compound indigenous to the Andes Mountains, West Indies, and Java. It was the first anesthetic to be discovered and is the only naturally occurring local anesthetic; all others are synthetically derived. Cocaine was introduced into Europe in the 1800s following its isolation from coca beans. Sigmund Freud, the noted Austrian psychoanalyst, used cocaine on his patients and became addicted through self-experimentation. In the latter half of the 1800s, interest in the drug became widespread, and many of cocaine's pharmacologic actions and adverse effects were elucidated during this time. In the 1880s, Koller introduced cocaine to the field of ophthalmology, and Hall introduced it to dentistry Overwiev Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that block the sensation of pain in the region where they are administered. LAs act by reversibly blocking the sodium channels of nerve fibers, thereby inhibiting the conduction of nerve impulses. Nerve fibers which carry pain sensation have the smallest diameter and are the first to be blocked by LAs. Loss of motor function and sensation of touch and pressure follow, depending on the duration of action and dose of the LA used. LAs can be infiltrated into skin/subcutaneous tissues to achieve local anesthesia or into the epidural/subarachnoid space to achieve regional anesthesia (e.g., spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, etc.). Some LAs (lidocaine, prilocaine, tetracaine) are effective on topical application and are used before minor invasive procedures (venipuncture, bladder catheterization, endoscopy/laryngoscopy). LAs are divided into two groups based on their chemical structure. The amide group (lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, etc.) is safer and, hence, more commonly used in clinical practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrothermal Synthesis of Well-Crystallised Boehmite Crystals of Various Shapes
    Materials Research, Vol. 12, No. 4, 437-445, 2009 © 2009 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Well-Crystallised Boehmite Crystals of Various Shapes Pérsio de Souza Santosa, Antonio Carlos Vieira Coelhoa*, Helena de Souza Santosb, Pedro Kunihiko Kiyoharab aLaboratório de Matérias-Primas Particuladas e Sólidos Não Metálicos, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Travessa 3, 380, 05508-970 São Paulo - SP, Brazil bLaboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica – LME, Departamento de Física Geral, Instituto de Física – IF, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, CP 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo - SP, Brazil Received: May 26, 2009; Revised: September 10, 2009 Aluminium monohydroxide, also known as aluminium oxyhydroxide (boehmite – AlO[OH]), is water insoluble but crystallises into microcrystals of various shapes. When, by X-ray diffraction, the microcrystals present a basal reflexion (d[020]) of 0.611 nm, the crystalline structure is referred to as “well-crystallised” boehmite. Natural and synthetic crystals of well-crystallised boehmite can have a plate-like shape with either a rhombic or hexagonal profile. Synthetic crystals can also be lath-like or ellipsoid in shape. The purpose of this paper is to present a method of hydrothermal synthesis using a single temperature (200 °C) for preparing plate-like crystals of well- crystallised boehmite with ellipsoid, rhombic, hexagonal, and lath-like profiles by using different precursors. Our observations suggest that all of these shapes are stages of growth of the microcrystals of well-crystallised boehmite along the c-axis direction of the rhombic crystals. Keywords: aluminium hydroxide, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, fibrillar pseudoboehmite 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Anesthetics – Substances with Multiple Application in Medicine
    ISSN 2411-958X (Print) European Journal of January-April 2016 ISSN 2411-4138 (Online) Interdisciplinary Studies Volume 2, Issue 1 Local Anesthetics – Substances with Multiple Application in Medicine Rodica SÎRBU Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Corp B, University Alley No. 1, Constanta, Romania Emin CADAR UMF Carol Davila Bucharest, Faculty of Pharmacy, Str. Traian Vuia No. 6, Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania Cezar Laurențiu TOMESCU Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Corp B, University Alley No. 1, Constanta, Romania Cristina-Luiza ERIMIA Corresponding author, [email protected] Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Corp B, University Alley No. 1, Constanta, Romania Stelian PARIS Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Corp B, University Alley No. 1, Constanta, Romania Aneta TOMESCU Ovidius University of Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Corp B, University Alley No. 1, Constanta, Romania Abstract Local anesthetics are substances which, by local action groups on the runners, cause loss of reversible a painful sensation, delimited corresponding to the application. They allow small surgery, short in duration and the endoscopic maneuvers. May be useful in soothe teething pain of short duration and in the locking of the nervous disorders in medical care. Local anesthesia is a process useful for the carrying out of surgery and of endoscopic maneuvers, to soothe teething pain in certain conditions, for depriving the temporary structures peripheral nervous control. Reversible locking of the transmission nociceptive, the set of the vegetative and with a local anesthetic at the level of the innervations peripheral nerve, roots and runners, a trunk nervous, around the components of a ganglion or coolant is cefalorahidian practice anesthesia loco-regional.
    [Show full text]
  • Ehealth DSI [Ehdsi V2.2.2-OR] Ehealth DSI – Master Value Set
    MTC eHealth DSI [eHDSI v2.2.2-OR] eHealth DSI – Master Value Set Catalogue Responsible : eHDSI Solution Provider PublishDate : Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 1 of 490 MTC Table of Contents epSOSActiveIngredient 4 epSOSAdministrativeGender 148 epSOSAdverseEventType 149 epSOSAllergenNoDrugs 150 epSOSBloodGroup 155 epSOSBloodPressure 156 epSOSCodeNoMedication 157 epSOSCodeProb 158 epSOSConfidentiality 159 epSOSCountry 160 epSOSDisplayLabel 167 epSOSDocumentCode 170 epSOSDoseForm 171 epSOSHealthcareProfessionalRoles 184 epSOSIllnessesandDisorders 186 epSOSLanguage 448 epSOSMedicalDevices 458 epSOSNullFavor 461 epSOSPackage 462 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 2 of 490 MTC epSOSPersonalRelationship 464 epSOSPregnancyInformation 466 epSOSProcedures 467 epSOSReactionAllergy 470 epSOSResolutionOutcome 472 epSOSRoleClass 473 epSOSRouteofAdministration 474 epSOSSections 477 epSOSSeverity 478 epSOSSocialHistory 479 epSOSStatusCode 480 epSOSSubstitutionCode 481 epSOSTelecomAddress 482 epSOSTimingEvent 483 epSOSUnits 484 epSOSUnknownInformation 487 epSOSVaccine 488 © eHealth DSI eHDSI Solution Provider v2.2.2-OR Wed Nov 08 16:16:10 CET 2017 Page 3 of 490 MTC epSOSActiveIngredient epSOSActiveIngredient Value Set ID 1.3.6.1.4.1.12559.11.10.1.3.1.42.24 TRANSLATIONS Code System ID Code System Version Concept Code Description (FSN) 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01 A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 2.16.840.1.113883.6.73 2017-01
    [Show full text]
  • Contact Dermatitis to Medications and Skin Products
    Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (2019) 56:41–59 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8705-0 Contact Dermatitis to Medications and Skin Products Henry L. Nguyen1 & James A. Yiannias2 Published online: 25 August 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Consumer products and topical medications today contain many allergens that can cause a reaction on the skin known as allergic contact dermatitis. This review looks at various allergens in these products and reports current allergic contact dermatitis incidence and trends in North America, Europe, and Asia. First, medication contact allergy to corticosteroids will be discussed along with its five structural classes (A, B, C, D1, D2) and their steroid test compounds (tixocortol-21-pivalate, triamcinolone acetonide, budesonide, clobetasol-17-propionate, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate). Cross-reactivities between the steroid classes will also be examined. Next, estrogen and testosterone transdermal therapeutic systems, local anesthetic (benzocaine, lidocaine, pramoxine, dyclonine) antihistamines (piperazine, ethanolamine, propylamine, phenothiazine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine), top- ical antibiotics (neomycin, spectinomycin, bacitracin, mupirocin), and sunscreen are evaluated for their potential to cause contact dermatitis and cross-reactivities. Finally, we examine the ingredients in the excipients of these products, such as the formaldehyde releasers (quaternium-15, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3 diol, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin), the non- formaldehyde releasers (isothiazolinones, parabens, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, and thimero- sal), fragrance mixes, and Myroxylon pereirae (Balsam of Peru) for contact allergy incidence and prevalence. Furthermore, strategies, recommendations, and two online tools (SkinSAFE and the Contact Allergen Management Program) on how to avoid these allergens in commercial skin care products will be discussed at the end.
    [Show full text]