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Comprehensive Conservation Plan Huron Wetland Management District Madison Wetland Management District Sand Lake Wetland Management District South Dakota

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Comprehensive Conservation Plan Huron Wetland Management District Madison Wetland Management District Sand Lake Wetland Management District South Dakota Comprehensive Conservation Plan Huron Wetland Management District Madison Wetland Management District Sand Lake Wetland Management District South Dakota January 2012 Approved by Stephen D. Guertin, Regional Director Date U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 Lakewood, Colorado Prepared by Huron Wetland Management District Room 309 Federal Building 200 Fourth Street SW. Huron, South Dakota 57350 605 / 352 5894 Madison Wetland Management District 23520 SD Highway 19 Madison, South Dakota 57042 605 / 256 2974 Sand Lake Wetland Management District 39650 Sand Lake Drive Columbia, South Dakota 57433 605 / 885 6320 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 6, Mountain–Prairie Region Division of Refuge Planning 134 Union Boulevard, Suite 300 Lakewood, Colorado 80228 303 / 236 8145 CITATION for this document: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2012. Comprehensive conservation plan: Huron Wetland Management District, Madison Wetland Management District, and Sand Lake Wetland Management District, South Dakota. Lakewood, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 260 p. Comprehensive Conservation Plan Huron Wetland Management District Madison Wetland Management District Sand Lake Wetland Management District South Dakota Submitted by Concurred with by Clarke Dirks Date Richard A. Coleman, Ph.D. Date Project Leader Assistant Regional Director Huron Wetland Management District U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 Huron, South Dakota National Wildlife Refuge System Lakewood, Colorado Natoma Buskness Date Paul Cornes Date Project Leader Refuge Supervisor Madison Wetland Management District U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 Madison, South Dakota National Wildlife Refuge System Lakewood, Colorado Harris Hoistad Date Project Leader Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge Complex Columbia, South Dakota Contents Summary ...................................................................................... IX Abbreviations ................................................................................... XIII CHAPTER 1— Introduction .................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose and Need for the Plan ............................................................. 1 1.2 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Refuge System ..................................... 2 Overview .................................................................................. 2 People and the Refuge System................................................................... 4 Compatible Uses in the Refuge System ............................................................ 4 Service Activities in South Dakota ................................................................ 4 1.3 National and Regional Mandates ........................................................... 5 1.4 District Contributions to National and Regional Plans ......................................... 5 Fulfilling the Promise .......................................................................... 5 Bird Conservation ............................................................................ 5 Partners in Flight............................................................................. 6 North American Waterfowl Management Plan .................................................... 6 Recovery Plans for Federally Listed Threatened or Endangered Species ..................................... 7 State-Level Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy .............................................. 7 1.5 Strategic Habitat Conservation ............................................................. 8 A Broader Vision ............................................................................. 8 Climate Change ............................................................................. 10 1.6 Planning Process ......................................................................... 10 Public Involvement ........................................................................... 11 State Coordination ........................................................................... 13 Tribal Coordination ........................................................................... 13 Results of Scoping ........................................................................... 13 Draft Plan .................................................................................. 13 Final Plan .................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 2— The Districts .................................................................... 15 2.1 Establishment, Acquisition, and Management History ......................................... 15 Habitat Protection ............................................................................ 15 District Descriptions .......................................................................... 17 Huron WMD ................................................................................ 17 Madison WMD .............................................................................. 17 Sand Lake WMD............................................................................. 18 2.2 Special Values. 18 2.3 Purposes................................................................................. 23 2.4 Vision ................................................................................... 23 2.5 Goals .................................................................................... 23 Native Prairie ............................................................................... 23 Planted Grasslands ........................................................................... 24 Wetlands .................................................................................. 24 Research and Monitoring....................................................................... 24 VI Comprehensive Conservation Plan, South Dakota Wetland Management Districts Consumptive Uses............................................................................ 24 Nonconsumptive Uses......................................................................... 24 Operations and Administration................................................................... 24 Partnerships ................................................................................ 24 Environmental Education and Interpretation ......................................................... 24 2.6 Planning Issues........................................................................... 24 Wetland and Upland Habitats ................................................................... 24 Invasive Plants .............................................................................. 24 Energy Development .......................................................................... 25 Prairie Conversion ............................................................................ 25 Predator Management......................................................................... 25 Visitor Services.............................................................................. 25 Partnerships ................................................................................ 26 Operations ................................................................................. 26 Monitoring and Research....................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 3—District Resources and Description .............................................. 27 3.1 Physical Environment ..................................................................... 27 Climate Change ............................................................................. 27 Climate. 28 Physiography, Geography, and Soils ............................................................... 28 Water Resources ............................................................................ 33 Air Quality ................................................................................. 36 3.2 Biological Resources...................................................................... 36 Vegetation Communities ....................................................................... 36 Invasive Plants .............................................................................. 39 Fire ...................................................................................... 40 Grazing .................................................................................... 41 Wildlife ................................................................................... 42 3.3 Cultural Resources ........................................................................ 47 Paleo-Indian Period (9500–5500 B.C.) .............................................................. 47 Plains Archaic Period (5500–500 B.C.) ............................................................. 47 Plains Woodland Period (500 B.C.–A.D. 1000) ........................................................ 48 Plains Village Period (A.D. 1000–1780) ............................................................. 48 Protohistoric and Early Historic Period (A.D. 1780–1890) ................................................ 48 3.4 Visitor Services........................................................................... 49 Hunting ................................................................................... 49 Fishing .................................................................................... 49 Wildlife Observation and Photography ............................................................
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