36 H. ISBELL & T. L. CHRUSCIEL

TERTIARY ACETYLENIC ALCOHOLS

Only two compounds are listed (Table IV). Of 152. Csarza-Perez, J., Lal, S. & Lopez, E. (1967) Med. these, methylpentynol (S 95) is a weak, short-acting Serv. J. Can., 23, No. 5, 775-778 (Addiction to hypnotic. Sales have been low and few instances chlorvynol) of abuse have been reported.155' 157 The other 153. Essig, C. F. (1964) Clin. Pharmacol., 5, 334 (Addic- compound, ethchlorvynol (S 94) is more potent and tion to sedatives and tranquilizers) instances of abuse are more frequent. There is 154. Government of the United States of America, stiong clinical documentation for abrupt withdrawal US Food and Drug Administration (1965) Back- of ethchlorvynol being followed by convulsions and ground material supplied to Advisory Committee delirium.151-154, 156 Accordingly, ethchlorvynol must on Abuse of Stimulant and Depressant Drugs, be judged to have moderate abuse potential and 27 December 1965, Washington, D.C. 155. Hitsche, B. & Herbst, A. (1967) Psychiat. et methylpentynol must, by analogy, be regarded as Neurol. (Basel), 153, 308-318 (Beobachtungen having dependence potential equivalent to that of bei Missbrauch von Methylpentinol) ethchlorvynol. 156. Hudson, H. S. & Walker, H. I. (1961) Amer. J. Psychiat., 118, 361 (Withdrawal symptoms REFERENCES following ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) dependence) 157. Marley, E. & Bartholomew, A. A. (1958) J. Neurol. 151. Cohn, C. H. (1959) Canad. med. Ass. J., 81, 733 Neurosurg. Psychiat., 21, 129-140 (Clinical (Intoxication by ethchlorvynol-Placidyl) aspects of susceptibility of methylpentol)

CYCLIC ETHERS

The only compound in this group is paraldehyde dogs physically dependent on barbital. The abuse (cyclic ether of acetaldehyde). Production is modest. potential of paraldehyde is low but definite. Paraldehyde has little use except in the treatment of abstinence from alcohol. It is, of course, difficult to REFERENCES take because of its unpleasant odour and irritant properties. There is no question but that it can 158. De Boor, W. (1956) Pharmakopsychologie und produce dependence of the barbiturate-alcohol type, Psychopathologie, Springer, Berlin. and the clinical literature contains a number of case 159. Krafft-Ebbing, R. v. (1887) Z. Therap., 5, 49 (Ueber Paraldehyd-Gebrauch und Missbrauch reports of paraldehyde dependence with convulsions nebst einem Falle von Paraldehyd-Delirium) and delirium occurring on withdrawal. 158-162 The 160. Mendelson, J., Wexler, D., Leiderman, P. H. & number of cases of abuse of paraldehyde is low, Solomon, P. (1957) Quart. J. Stud. Alcohol, 18, and the cases generally involve alcoholics who use 561 (A study of addiction to non-ethyl alcohols it to reinforce or substitute for alcohol. There is no and other poisonous compounds) known illicit traffic in paraldehyde. Paraldehyde has 161. Nothass (1920) Allg. Z. Psychiat., 76, 826 (Paralde- been shown to suppress abstinence from barbital in hyd-psychosen) U) -J co 0 CU 0 0 C~ 0. I v- E 0 I# U- 0 0 -J 0 U- U) c.oEZZ 0 Ez- z .Oo -J A-0 0- CL 00 0 0 0 L 0C 0 C E C.° 0 0 0 0 r5 C u co C, CL C ) 0C 0)

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