Save Our Education Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Save Our Education Report SAVE OUR EDUCATION Protect every child’s right to learn in the COVID-19 response and recovery Save the Children believes every child deserves a future. Around the world, we work every day to give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm. When crisis strikes, and children are most vulnerable, we are always among the first to respond and the last to leave. We ensure children’s unique needs are met and their voices are heard. We deliver lasting results for millions of children, including those hardest to reach. We do whatever it takes for children – every day and in times of crisis – transforming their lives and the future we share. Acknowledgements This report was written by Hollie Warren and Emma Wagner. Thanks to Oliver Fiala for leading on the research and analysis for this report. Special thanks to our colleagues Maren Hemsett, Helle Gudmandsen, Marian Hodgkin, Rowan Ainslie, Tahera Bandali and Jess Edwards for their support with drafting sections of the report. We also appreciate the feedback of colleagues from across Save the Children member, regional and country offices whose contributions have undoubtedly improved the report. A number of expert reviewers also gave invaluable feedback, for which we are very grateful. We acknowledge the children and their carers who have shared their experiences with us and given us permission to use their images. Some names have been changed to protect identities. Published by Save the Children St Vincent House 30 Orange Street London WC2H 7HH UK savethechildren.net First published 2020 © Save the Children 2020 This publication may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education and research, provided that the source is acknowledged in full. Cover photo: Hana, 14 in Gaza describes herself as someone who looked death in the eye and survived. She says education is the biggest challenge for girls in Gaza, as many are forced to stay at home with their families or simply cannot afford to go to school. She says “education is like a weapon in a person’s hand”. (Photo: Alessandra Sanguinetti / Save The Children) Typeset by GrasshopperDesign.net Contents Executive summary ii 1 An unprecedented education emergency 1 2 Keep learning alive 8 3 Prepare for a safe return to school 38 4 Build back for better learning 57 5 Recommendations: keep learning alive in the COVID-19 pandemic 75 Annex 1: Vulnerability Index 80 Annex 2: Financing gap 84 Annex 3: Estimating the increase in school dropout 87 Endnotes 88 Eloge, 15, a member of the Youth Council set up by Save the Children, in Kinshasa, in the DRC wears a facemask that she made. To keep herself busy during school closures, she makes masks for family members to protect themselves from the pandemic. PHOTO: CHRISTIAN MUTOMBO/SAVE THE CHILDREN Executive summary The school that 13-year-old Hawo from Somalia attends is closed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic – as are schools for nearly a billion children around the world. It’s not the first time her education has been interrupted. When her village was hit by drought in 2017, Hawo’s family lost everything. Over the past three years, they settled into a new home and started to build a new life. Hawo went back to school and was happy to be learning again. But now the COVID-19 pandemic has turned her life upside down once again. Without access to a TV or radio in her village, Hawo has limited ways to continue her studies during school closures. “I don’t know when we will be able to go back, so that I can continue my education and meet my friends,” she says. “This really worries me.” THE BIGGEST GLOBAL EDUCATION With ten years left to achieve SDG4, the question EMERGENCY OF OUR LIFETIME as to how the world proposes to reduce the widening gaps between the rhetoric of the education Today, Hawo’s hope for education, like the hopes commitments and the reality on the ground has of millions of other children around the world, is taken on a new urgency. in grave jeopardy. In early April 2020, in an effort The poorest and most marginalised children to halt the spread of COVID-19, an estimated are at risk – especially from losing out on 1.6 billion learners globally – 91% of the total – learning and not returning to the classroom. were out of school. For the first time in human history, an entire generation of children globally Schools not only provide children with a space to have had their education disrupted. learn. For many children school is also a safe place where they can receive meals, access healthcare, This emergency comes on top of an existing learning including mental health services, and play with crisis. UNESCO’s most recent projections for their friends. Teachers can be children’s frontline Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) – a good- responders and protectors. But with school closures, quality education for every last child – are dire: they children are missing out on these essentials the predict almost no progress on reducing the number school environment can offer. of children who are out of school by 2030.1 This equates to millions of children not going to As the virus begins to subside in some countries, school and not learning. And a generation of early childhood centres and schools are beginning children consigned to poorer life chances. to reopen and children are returning. They face challenges in trying to learn in an environment Before the pandemic struck, 258 million children where the virus still exists and where schools need 2 3 were out of school, including 130 million girls. to adapt to a new reality – physical distancing, And even when children were at school, many learning in shifts, an increased focus on hygiene were not learning. 53% of 10-year-olds in low- and practices and concerns over children’s wellbeing. middle-income countries are not able to read well, increasing to 80% in low-income countries.4 ii “I’m so sad that I will miss school.” PHOTO: SAID FADHAYE The world’s most vulnerable children may not have Even for those children who do return to school, been in school in the first place – and if they were, many will have experienced significant setbacks they now may not make it back there. These with their learning and wellbeing. In low-income children include: and conflict-affected countries, the poorest children • children pushed into poverty because of do not have access to the internet or devices to COVID-19, who may be forced to work because access online learning. Their parents may not be their families are struggling to put food on the able to read and write. Even if children in these table and keep a roof over their heads situations are able to get hold of printed materials, SAVE OUR EDUCATION SAVE • adolescent girls who now face an increased risk they are unlikely to be in a position to continue of gender-based violence, early pregnancy or to learn to a satisfactory level. Many children will child marriage, trapped in a cycle of violence have experienced stress and anxiety without the and poverty, and denied the chance to fulfil safety, protection and support that schools and their potential teachers afford, on top of the socioeconomic effects • refugee and internally displaced children – like of the crisis on families and households that were Rohingya children forced to leave Myanmar or already struggling. Syrian children fleeing conflict – who live in The global community hopes that before too long overcrowded camps and settlements with little a vaccine for COVID-19 will be found, produced or no basic healthcare and limited opportunities and universally delivered, and the world will become to learn safer. But unless action is taken now, the • children living in conflict-affected areas who are long-term legacies of the pandemic will be at risk of being recruited into armed groups; rising inequality and a devastating impact children forced to do hazardous and exploitative on children’s learning. work; children forced into marriage and early pregnancy New analysis for this report shows how • children with disabilities who already struggle to COVID-19 may affect both the funding and access inclusive education opportunities. Children the delivery of education in some of the with disabilities made up 15% of all out-of-school countries most at risk of falling behind. children before the pandemic.5 We know from previous crises that the longer Millions of children risk losing out on their children are out of school, the greater the risk that education. The price they will have to pay is they do not return to school. their future. Our new analysis examines which countries are most at risk of seeing their progress towards SDG4 stalling or even reversing due to the As part of the response impact of the pandemic. It suggests that up to to COVID-19 in Uganda, 9.7 million children are at risk of dropping out Save the Children has distributed learning of school due to rising levels of child poverty. packs to more than 100,000 children We identified 12 countries – Niger, Mali, Chad, across the country. Liberia, Afghanistan, Guinea, Mauritania, Yemen, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire – as being at ‘extreme risk’ of falling behind in their progress towards SDG4. This comes at a time when we expect education budgets to be under pressure as governments shift spending towards the health and economic response to the pandemic. Our analysis estimates that the economic consequences of the pandemic could lead to an education financing gap in low- and middle-income countries of $77 billion over the course of the next two years.
Recommended publications
  • Final Report 2010-2013: Towards a Non-Toxic South-East Asia, Phase I
    Date: 2014-08-20 KemI reference no: H10-00746 Agreement no: A5100102 Regional Programme: Towards a non-toxic environment in South-East Asia Phase I Final Report 2010-07-01 – 2013-08-31 1 Table of contents Table of contents ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Acronyms and abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 4 2 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 5 3 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 6 4 Sector development in the region ................................................................................................... 7 5 Progress report ................................................................................................................................ 7 5.1 Cross-cutting issues ................................................................................................................. 7 5.1.1 Gender ............................................................................................................................. 7 5.1.2 Poverty perspective ......................................................................................................... 9 5.1.3 Sustainability ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Impersonal Names Index Listing for the INSCOM Investigative Records Repository, 2010
    Description of document: US Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) Impersonal Names Index Listing for the INSCOM Investigative Records Repository, 2010 Requested date: 07-August-2010 Released date: 15-August-2010 Posted date: 23-August-2010 Title of document Impersonal Names Index Listing Source of document: Commander U.S. Army Intelligence & Security Command Freedom of Information/Privacy Office ATTN: IAMG-C-FOI 4552 Pike Road Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-5995 Fax: (301) 677-2956 Note: The IMPERSONAL NAMES index represents INSCOM investigative files that are not titled with the name of a person. Each item in the IMPERSONAL NAMES index represents a file in the INSCOM Investigative Records Repository. You can ask for a copy of the file by contacting INSCOM. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Intelligence Collector Operations, FM 2-22.3
    *FM 2-22.3 (FM 34-52) Field Manual Headquarters No. 2-22.3 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 6 September 2006 Human Intelligence Collector Operations Contents Page PREFACE vi PART ONE HUMINT SUPPORT, PLANNING, AND MANAGEMENT Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 Intelligence Battlefield Operating System 1-1 Intelligence Process 1-1 Human Intelligence 1-4 HUMINT Source 1-4 HUMINT Collection and Related Activities 1-7 Traits of a HUMINT Collector 1-1 0 Required Areas of Knowledge 1-12 Capabilities and Limitations 1-13 Chapter 2 HUMAN INTELLIGENCE STRUCTURE 2-1 Organization and Structure 2-1 HUMINT Control Organizations 2-2 HUMINT Analysis and Production Organizations 2-6 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NOTE: All previous versions of this manual are obsolete. This document is identical in content to the version dated 6 September 2006. All previous versions of this manual should be destroyed in accordance with appropriate Army policies and reyulations. 'This publication supersedeJyM 34-52, 28 September 1992, and ST 2-22.7, Tactical Human Intelligence and Counterintelligence Operations, April 2002. PENTAGON LmRARY \" "j MrtlTARY OOCUMENTI WASHINGTON, DC 20310 6 September 2006 FM 2-22.3 FM 2-22.3 ------------­ Chapter 3 HUMINT IN SUPPORT OF ARMY OPERATIONS 3-1 Offensive Operations ...............................•............................................................ 3-1 Defensive Operations 3-2 Stability and Reconstruction Operations 3-3 Civil Support Operations 3-7 Military Operations in Urban Environment.. 3-8 HUMINT Collection Environments 3-8 EAC HUMINT 3-9 Joint, Combined, and DOD HUMINT Organizations 3-10 Chapter 4 HUMINT OPERATIONS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT .4-1 HUMINT and the Operations Process .4-1 HUMINT Command and Control .4-3 Technical Control.
    [Show full text]
  • Abiola Okpechi: Zambia (2009), Ghana (2010), Nigeria (2010), Kenya (2012), South Africa (2012), Zimbabwe (2012) 3 Continued →
    Regional researchers Business & Human Rights Resource Centre – January 2013 There is no substitute for having someone in the region who understands the local context and speaks relevant languages. Our part-time regional researchers draw global attention to the human rights impacts (positive & negative) of companies in their region, and seek responses from companies when civil society raises concerns. They establish close contacts with grassroots NGOs, local businesspeople and others. Sa’eda Al-Kilani ([email protected]) Middle East & North Africa Researcher & Representative, based in Amman, Jordan • national of Jordan; educated at University of Jordan (BA English Literature; minor French Literature); also took courses at Université de Bourgogne in France • founder and director of Arab Archives Institute for Human Rights Research • was Middle East & North Africa Director of Article 19, the NGO working to defend freedom of expression • represented Transparency International in Jordan; was correspondent for Reporters Sans Frontières • led campaigns that resulted in reform of Jordan’s Press Law and banning of Wasta in state-business relations • worked as journalist at Jordan Times • author of several books on media freedoms, transparency and human rights • fluent in Arabic, English & French • Saeda’s missions for Resource Centre: Tunisia (2012) Lowell Chow ([email protected]) East Asia Researcher & Representative, based in Hong Kong • national of China (Hong Kong); educated at Nottingham University Business School
    [Show full text]
  • Full-Time Faculty by Name [PDF]
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY FACULTY Abatan, Ayodele (2006) Akhtar, Reza (2000) Chair & Professor, Engineering Technology Professor, Mathematics B.S., Ahmadu Bello University (Nigeria), 1971; M.S., University of B.A., Harvard University, 1995; M.S., Brown University, 1997; Ph.D., Illinois, 1973; Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1977. Brown University, 2000. Abbitt, Jason (2005) Albarran, Elena (2008) Associate Professor, Educational Psychology Associate Professor of History and Global & Intercultural Studies B.A., Indiana University, 1996; M.Ed., University of Idaho, 1999; B.A., Bowdoin College, 1998; M.A, University of Arizona, 2002. Ph.D., University of Idaho, 2005. Albarran, Juan Carlos (2008) Abbott, Aaron (2016) Senior Lecturer, Global and Intercultural Studies Visiting Assistant Professor, Sociology and Gerontology B.S., Northern Arizona University, 2005; M.A, University of Arizona, B.A., SUNY-Oswego, 1993; M.G.S., Miami University, 1997. 2007. Abbott, Katherine (2014) Alessio, Helaine (1987) Robert H. & Nancy J. Blayney Assistant Professor, Sociology and Chair & Professor, Kinesiology and Health Gerontology B.S., Rutgers University, 1981; M.S., Ithaca College, 1983; Ph.D., B.S., Indiana University, 1993; M.G.S., Miami University, 1997; Ph.D., University of Maryland, 1986. Case Western Reserve University, 2005. Alexander, Julie (2016) Abellan Minarro, Maria (2016) Visiting Assistant Professor, Farmer School of Business Instructor, Spanish & Portuguese B.A., Saint Vincent College, 2002; M.A, Ohio University, 2005; M.F.A., B.A., University of Murcia, 2010; M.A, University of Murcia, 2011; Bowling Green State University, 2007; Ph.D., Michigan State M.A, University of Murcia, 2014; M.A, West Virginia University, 2016. University, 2013. Abes, Elisa (2005) Alexander, Phill (2012) Associate Professor, Educational Leadership Visiting Assistant Professor, Interactive Media Studies B.A., Ohio State University, 1992; J.D., Harvard University, 1995; B.A., Indiana University East, 2003; M.A, Miami University, 2007; Ph.D., Ohio State University, 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • The Agroecological Transition of Agricultural Systems in the Global South F.-X
    Agricultures et défis du monde Collection Cirad-AFD The agroecological transition of agricultural systems in the Global South F.-X. Côte, E. Poirier-Magona, S. Perret, P. Roudier, B. Rapidel,p M.-C. Thirion, éditorséditors Chapter 5 Accompanying the actors of the agroecological transition in Laos Pascal Lienhard, Jean-Christophe Castella, Pierre Ferrand, Morgane Cournarie, Patrick d’Aquino, Éric Scopel, Nathalie Bougnoux THE DRIVERS OF THE AGROECOLOGICAL TRANSITION IN LAOS In Laos, the agrarian transition is characterized by rapid changes in agricultural production systems. Since the early 2000s, a transition has been taking place, away from subsistence agriculture, primarily based on rice cultivation, forest gathering and extensive livestock farming, and towards market-oriented agricultural production systems, with a significant and rapid increase in crops grown for export (Figure 5.1) to neighbouring countries, mainly China, Thailand and Vietnam. This transition has been facilitated by the implementation of successive public policies to limit the use of shifting cultivation and to modernize agriculture (Box 5.1), and by the result of the country becoming a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1997. The rapid expansion of cash crops cultivation has undoubtedly led to an overall reduction in poverty but it has also weakened farming communities (75% of the total population of Laos), with growing inequalities between producers, a sharp rise in indebtedness, and an increased vulnerability of these communities. Increasing climatic hazards are now combined with growing economic risks (more frequent situations of local commercial monopolies, production contracts with terms and prices that are not respected, strong interannual price variations, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION; AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION, Plaintiffs, DECLARATION OF JONATHAN HAFETZ v. 09 Civ. 8071 (BSJ) (FM) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE; CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY; DEPARTMENT OF ECF Case STATE; DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Defendants. DECLARATION OF JONATHAN HAFETZ I, Jonathan Hafetz, under penalty of perjury declare as follows: 1. I represent plaintiffs the American Civil Liberties Union and the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation in this action concerning a FOIA request that seeks from the Department of Defense (“DOD”) and other agencies records about, among other things, prisoners at Bagram Air Base (“Bagram”) in Afghanistan. 2. I submit this declaration in support of plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment and in opposition to the DOD’s motion for partial summary judgment. The purpose of this declaration is to bring the Court’s attention to official government disclosures, as well as information in the public domain, concerning the citizenship, length of detention, and date, place, and circumstances of capture of detainees held at the Bagram and similarly-situated suspected terrorists and combatants in U.S. military custody at the U.S. Naval Base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba (“Guantánamo”). 1 Publicly-Available Information about Detainees at Bagram Prison 3. On April 23, 2009, plaintiffs submitted a Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”) request to DOD, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Justice and the State Department seeking ten categories of records about Bagram, including records pertaining to detainees’ names, citizenships, length of detention, where they were captured, and the general circumstances of their capture.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile on Environmental and Social Considerations in Lao P.D.R
    Profile on Environmental and Social Considerations in Lao P.D.R. December 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency ER JR 13-003 Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Figures v List of Tables vii Abbreviations and Acronyms x Executive Summary xvi Chapter 1. Country Overview 1.1 Overview 1 - 1 1.1.1 Map of the Country 1 - 1 1.1.2 Location and Topography 1 - 2 1.1.3 Climate 1 - 3 1.1.4 River Systems 1 - 6 1.1.5 Land Use 1 - 10 1.1.6 Demographics 1 - 12 1.2 Legal and Political Systems: Environmental and Social Considerations 1 - 13 1.2.1 Administrative Divisions 1 - 16 1.2.2 National Socio-Economic Plans 1 - 20 1.2.3 Relevant Organisations 1 - 22 1.3 Overview and Contact Details of Relevant Organisations 1 - 24 1.3.1 Governmental Organisations and Research Institutions 1 - 24 1.3.2 Donors 1 - 26 1.3.3 NGOs 1 - 30 Chapter 2. Natural Environment 2.1 Overview 2 - 1 2.2 Regulations and Policies 2 - 1 2.2.1 International Conventions 2 - 1 2.2.2 Domestic Laws 2 - 2 2.3 Wildlife Species 2 - 4 2.3.1 Endemic Species 2 - 5 2.3.2 Endangered Species 2 - 5 i 2.3.3 Internationally Protected Species 2 - 6 2.4 Important Ecosystems and Habitats 2 - 7 2.4.1 Protected Areas 2 - 7 2.4.2 Ramsar Sites 2 - 11 2.4.3 Biodiversity Hotspots 2 - 12 2.4.4 Important Bird Areas 2 - 12 2.5 Forests 2 - 15 Chapter 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Subversion and Espionage Directed Against the U.S. Army (SAEDA)
    Army Regulation 381–12 Military Intelligence Subversion and Espionage Directed Against the U.S. Army (SAEDA) Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 January 1993 Unclassified SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 381–12 Subversion and Espionage Directed Against the U.S. Army (SAEDA) This revision-- o Requires commanders to ensure that Subversion and Espionage Directed Against the U.S. Army (SAEDA) incidents are reported to counterintelligence (CI) (1- 8a). o Requires training to be presented by knowledgeable, qualified personnel, to the maximum extent feasible (1-8d(3)). o Requires training to include information on the damage that espionage has caused to national security (2-2e). o Expands the scope of the SAEDA special briefing to those personnel who participate in or sponsor exchange programs, commercial ventures, or treaty verification programs with foreign countries (2-3c). o Requires that actual or attempted illegal diversions of U.S. technology and of actual or attempted intrusions into automated information systems be reported as SAEDA incidents (3-1). o Encourages personnel to report the indicators of espionage as SAEDA incidents (3-3). Headquarters *Army Regulation 381–12 Department of the Army Washington, DC 15 January 1993 Effective 15 February 1993 Military Intelligence Subversion and Espionage Directed Against the U.S. Army (SAEDA) g u i d a n c e , e s t a b l i s h e s p r o c e d u r e s , a n d p r e - or her authority to approve exceptions with scribes responsibilities for the Army’s coun- HQDA (DAJA-AL), WASH DC 20310-2200.
    [Show full text]
  • Adolescence: an Age of Opportunity of Age an Adolescence
    THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN United Nations Children’s Fund 3 United Nations Plaza THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2011 New York, NY 10017, USA Email: [email protected] Website: www.unicef.org 2011 ADOLESCENCE: AN AGE OF OPPORTUNITY Adolescence US $25.00 ISBN: 978-92-806-4555-2 Sales no.: E.11.XX.1 An Age of Opportunity Scan this QR code or go to the © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) UNICEF publications website February 2011 www.unicef.org/publications Photo Credits Chapter opening photos Chapter 3 – (pages 42–59)* Chapter 1: © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-2036/Sweeting © UNICEF/NYHQ2005-2242/Pirozzi Chapter 2: © UNICEF/BANA2006-01124/Munni © UNICEF/NYHQ2005-1781/Pirozzi Chapter 3: © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-2183/Pires © UNICEF/NYHQ2006-2506/Pirozzi Chapter 4: © UNICEF/MLIA2009-00317/Dicko © UNICEF/NYHQ2006-1440/Bito © UNICEF/AFGA2009-00958/Noorani Chapter 1 – (pages 2–15)* © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-1021/Noorani © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-1811/Markisz © UNICEF/NYHQ2004-0739/Holmes © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-1416/Markisz © UNICEF/NYHQ2010-0260/Noorani Chapter 4 – (pages 62–77)* © UNICEF/NYHQ2007-0359/Thomas © UNICEF/NYHQ2007-1753/Nesbitt © UNICEF/PAKA2008-1423/Pirozzi © UNICEF/NYHQ2004-1027/Pirozzi © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-0970/Caleo © UNICEF/NYHQ2008-0573/Dean © UNICEF/MENA00992/Pirozzi © UNICEF/NYHQ2005-1809/Pirozzi © US Fund for UNICEF/Discover the Journey Chapter 2 – (pages 18–39)* © UNICEF/NYHQ2007-2482/Noorani © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-2213/Khemka © UNICEF/NYHQ2006-0725/Brioni © UNICEF/NYHQ2009-2297/Holt © UNICEF México/Beláustegui *Photo credits are not included for Perspectives, Adolescent voices and Technology panels. © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Children’s Fund February 2011 3 United Nations Plaza UNICEF Offices UNICEF The Americas and Caribbean New York, NY 10017, USA Regional Office Permission to reproduce any part of this publication is required.
    [Show full text]
  • Appeal for a Ban of Highly Hazardous Pesticides
    Appeal for a ban of highly hazardous pesticides Decades of experience has shown that, despite numerous ‘safe use’ programs, the ’safe use’ of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) is not possible. People, farm- animals, wildlife and the environment continue to suffer considerable harm from HHPs. After decades of failure which have seen millions of deaths worldwide, new policies are needed to stop pesticide poisonings. A progressive phaseout and ban of HHPs, along with new policies for supporting alternatives, can make a change towards a healthy and sustainable world for all. We, the undersigned organizations, call on governments and corporations to take concrete steps towards a progressive ban of HHPs and their substitution with eco- system-based alternatives. Organizational signatories Listed according to country - 564 organizations from 111 countries - 07.01.2019 1. Albania, Milieukontakt International ELA) (AWHHE) Albania 10. Argentina, Foro Ambientalista de 19. Australia, Alliance for a Clean Envi- 2. Algeria, Association Pêche Artisanale Santiago del Estero ronment et Environnement (Le Dauphin) 11. Argentina, LLASTAY- para la de- 20. Australia, FOODwatch 3. Algeria, The National Federation for fensa del medio ambiente 21. Australia, National Toxics Network the Protection of the Environment in 12. Argentina, Nogal de Vida (NTN) Algeria 13. Argentina, Paren de Fumigar las 22. Australia, Tasmanian Public & Envi- 4. Argentina, Asociación Civil Árbol de Escuelas ronmental Health Network (TPEHN) Pie, Bariloche 14. Argentina, Pesticide Action Network 23. Australia, Pesticide Action Group 5. Argentina, Asociacion Civil Be Pe Latin America (RAPAL - PAN Latin Western Australia 6. Argentina, Centro de Estudios sobre America) 24. Austria, ARCHE NOAH Tecnologías Apropiadas de la Argen- 15.
    [Show full text]
  • 3719 ISS Monograph 144.Indd
    TTERRORISMERRORISM IINN TTHEHE MMAGHREBAGHREB THE TRANSNATIONALISATION OF DOMESTIC TERRORISM ANNELI BOTHA ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES • No 144, JUNE 2008 CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS v LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND MAPS vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 23 Terrorism in Algeria CHAPTER 3 85 Terrorism in Morocco CHAPTER 4 111 Terrorism in Tunisia CHAPTER 5 125 North African involvement in transnational terror networks CHAPTER 6 173 Assessment of counter-terrorism strategies CHAPTER 7 199 Conclusion ANNEX 207 Guantanamo Bay detainees BIBLIOGRAPHY 209 iii ABOUT THE AUTHOR Anneli Botha is a senior researcher on terrorism at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) in Pretoria. After completing an honours degree in International Politics (1993) she joined the South African Police Service Crime Intelligence unit, during which time she focused, inter alia, on terrorism and religious extremism. Botha holds an MA (Political Studies) degree from Rand Afrikaans University (1999), which focused on the historical development of terrorism, religious extremism and PAGAD. She has a specific interest in research on the underlying causes of terrorism, radicalisation and counter-terrorism strategies. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank the African Centre for the Study and Research of Terrorism in Algiers, Algeria, and in particular the assistance received from Ambassador Diara, General Tartag and Mounir Idriss Lallali. Thanks also go to the staff at the Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian embassies who not only made my visits possible but who were crucial in securing interviews with key role-players and institutions in their respective countries. A further word of special gratitude to those at the Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian embassies who further enriched this publication with their thoughts and suggestions before publishing this monograph.
    [Show full text]