Army Counterintelligence Documents, 1962-1963

Description of document: Two (2) Army Counterintelligence documents, 1962-1963

Requested date: 12-February-2010

Release 1 date: 30-March-2018

Posted date: 03-December-2018

Source of document: Freedom Of Information Act Request Commander, INSCOM ATTN: IAMG-C-FOI 2600 Ernie Pyle St. Fort Meade, MD 20755-5995

The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UNITED STATES ARMY INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMAND FREEDOM OF INFORMA TIONIPRIVACY OFFICE FORT GEORGE G. MEADE, MARYLAND 20755-5995

Freedom of Information/ HAR 3 o zom Privacy Office

This is in further response to your Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request of February 12, 201 O to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) requesting file FBI HQ 105-19581 and supplements our letter of July 13, 2012.

As noted, coordination with another element this command has been completed and the referred records have been returned to this office for final disposition and direct reply to you.

We have conducted a mandatory declassification review of the responsive records in accordance with Executive Order (EO) 13526. As a result of this review, information has been sanitized from the records as the information is currently and properly classified SECRET and CONFIDENTIAL according to Sections 1.2(a)(2), 1.2(a)(3) and 1.4(c) of EO 13526. This information is exempt from public disclosure provisions of the FOIA pursuant to Title 5 U.S. Code 552(b)(1 ). The record is partially releasable and is enclosed for your use. A brief explanation of the applicable sections follows:

Section 1.2(a)(2) of EO 13526 provides that information shall be classified SECRET if its un authorized disclosure reasonably could be expected to cause serious damage to the national security.

Section 1.2(a)(3) of EO 13526 provides that information shall be classified CONFIDENTIAL if its unauthorized disclosure reasonably could be expected to cause damage to the national security.

Section 1.4( c) of EO 13526 provides that information pertaining to intelligence activities, intelligence sources or methods, and cryptologic information shall be considered for classification protection.

The deleted information is also exempt from automatic declassification in accordance with EO 13526, Section 3.3(b)(1) because its release would clearly and demonstrably be expected to reveal the identity of a confidential human source, a human intelligence source, a relationship with an intelligence source; or impair the effectiveness of an intelligence method currently in use, available for use, or under development.

Information has been sanitized from the record as the release of such information would result in an unwarranted invasion of the privacy rights of the individuals concerned, this information is exempt from public disclosure provisions of the FOIA pursuant to Title 5 U.S. Code 552(b)(6).

In addition, information which would reveal sensitive investigative methods and techniques has been sanitized from the record. The significant and legitimate governmental purpose to be served by withholding is that a viable and effective intelligence investigative capability is dependent upon -2-

protection of sensitive intelligence methodologies. This information is exempt from public disclosure pursuant to Title 5 U.S. Code 552(b)(7)(E) of the FOIA.

This withholding of information described above constitutes a partial denial of your request. This denial is made on behalf of Major General Christopher S. Ballard, Commander, U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, who is the Initial Denial Authority in this matter under the FOIA. You may appeal this decision to the Secretary of the Army. If you wish to file an appeal at this time, your appeal must be postmarked no later than 90 calendar days from the date of this letter. After the 90 day period the case may be considered closed; however, such closure does not preclude you from filing litigation in the courts. You should state the basis for your disagreement with the response and you should provide justification for an additional administrative search to be conducted or reconsideration of the denial. An appeal may not serve as a request for additional or new information. An appeal may only address information denied in this response. Your appeal is to be made to this office to the below listed address for forwarding, as appropriate, to the Secretary of the Army, Office of the General Counsel:

Commander U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command Freedom of Information/Privacy Office 2600 Ernie Pyle Street, Room 3S02-B Fort George G. Meade, Maryland 20755-5910

Forty-eight pages have been withheld in their entirety as it is not possible to reasonably segregate the withheld information. Deleted page sheets have been provided to explain the reason for the withholdings and to identify the withheld pages.

There are no assessable FOIA fees for the processing of this request.

If you have any questions regarding this action, contact this office at 1-866-548-5651 or email the INSCOM FOIA office at: [email protected] and refer to case #3487F-12. Please note that you now have the ability to check the status of your request online via the U.S. Army Records Management and Declassification Agency website: https://www.foia.army.mil/FACTS/CaseStatus.aspx. Please refer to FOIA Control Number: FP-12- 029672. You may also seek dispute resolution services by contacting the INSCOM FOIA Public Liaison, Mrs. Joanne Benear, at 301-677-7856.

Sincerely, ~~

Micha~eaton Director Freedom of Information/Privacy Office Investigative Records Repository

Enclosure : ··• ·, · , I ' , · .. .. . " :) • I•• 1

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ALL FBI HJFORMATI J N CONTAINED HEREilJ IS ID1CLASSIFIED DATE 11-04-2011 BY 60324 UC BAw / SAB/MJS

(U) FOREWORD CU}

(tT) T~i-~ ;p~~'11~-fubli$~<}.J>yJ,\1~9fti€,;&1li the As&stant Chief of StafJ for Intelligence, Ilepai:tment of the ~~~ird in a series to support !l- program to inform the .Army apQu.t curxent..developments·a.nd· trends in the technit{ues of espionage and subverisio~ which a.re employed by the Sino-Soviet bloc to n,ttain i;ts Cold War objectiv~, anq. which have a direct or indirect impa<.t upon the security 0£ the U.S. Army. (U) The pamphlet contains information designed for use in implementing AR 381-12, "Subversion o.nd Espionage Directed Against the U.S. Army (Short Title: SAEI)A (U) )," 8 September 1961, which establishes a. require ment to insure that !Ill military personnel and civilian employees of the Army are given orientation on methods used by foreign intelligence services to gather information pertaining to U.S. Army installations, activities and personnel. Within the limit$ 9f. seourity classifications set forth in the articles, material herein ma.y be used in the preparation of indoctrination lectures. In addition, the contents of this pamphlet m~y be ~ed as background rnateria.l in the preparation of troop training programs concerning Communist subversion and espionage. (U) Articles appea.rlng herein are gee.red to the exposition of current intelligeµce activities of th~ Sino-Soviet Empire as they qccur a.round the world. It is int.e~ded th.a.t the pamphlet be given the widest possible distribu tion consistent with its security classification in order that A,.J:my personnel may · be CQnversa.nt with Communism i:o, all its fo~ms anc,i. t~us be better prepared to cope with the security haze.~ which the Ar-µiy face;; in the conduct of its prims.ry mission. (U) Revisions 9f this pamphlet will be published from time to time in order that its cont.ents may keep pac;e with woridwide developments in th~ counterint.elligence field. Readers are encou~ged to comment on its content and to submit suggestions, either with respect to its improvement, or the incluioiqp. of special artides in future editions.

SECRET- Regraded TJN'CLASSITTED lin 11 Anril 2012 bv USA.INSC731t FOJ!PA ..\uth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5:!00-01-V l

l9- · 1 -SEC-RE"F Pam 30-20-3 .. \, HEADQUARTERS, . PAMPHLET I DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 30-20-3 WA.SBINOToN 25, D.C., SO November 1962

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS (U) Table of Contents ESPIONAGE (U) Page ·Tlie lio.nd.. That Reached Around the World (U) ••••••••••••• ··~····••"-······~· 2 · Chinese Communist Intelligence Agents (U) •••••• ••• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • 12 The North Korean Agent (U)...... 16 The Suicidal Escort Agent (U)...... 23 Czech Espionage in Switzerla.nd (U) •.·-·······-··········---•------·-······--- 27 Use of Cover Names by Red China (U) ••••·••.••.••.•••.•••••••••••.••••.•..... 28 ESPIONAGE RECRUITMENT TECHNIQUES (U) The Friendly Doctor (U)...... 30 Sexual Entrapi:nent (U):...... •• ••. .••••• .•••..•.••.••• .•••• .••••• ••...... 31 SUBVERSION American Reds Fight American Law.(U) •••••.••• ~.-~------·----············· 36 Cuban-Communist Indootrina~ion of Latin American Youth (U)...... 41 TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE They Put Ea.rs in the Walls (11)...... 44 SABOTAGE Sabotage In Iran (U) ••••.•••.•••••.•..••...... •..... - ...... 56 PROPAGANDA (U) Chinese Commwiist Publioa.tions (U) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• __ •••• - • • • • 58 Communist Propaganda. Exploitation of Captive US Army Personnel (U)...... 61 SECURITY (U) Security Responsibilities (U) ••••••••••••• ,...... ••.•..• ••• .•••. 64 Security Violatiollli are Bad lia.b;ta (U)...... 67 Security Measures of the Communist Party, USA (U)...... 72 ESPIONAGE B~lEfS (~) Items of Interest Around the World (U) •••••..•• ~...... 76

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by USA:rnSCOM FOI/PA . Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR

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Regraded UNCLAS.SIFIED on 11 April 2012 by US.AIN"SCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD .5200-lR

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(S) THE HAND THAT REACHED AROUND THE WORLD (U}

(U) It was cold and damp on 7 January 1961 earlier in cities half a. world a.part-New York when greying, 55 year old Harry Houghton a.nd and W rsaw. Miss Ethel Eliza.beth Gee, plwnp and mid-forty ish, boarded the Salisbury_ train for London. They didn't know it, but Chief Inspector Fergu son Smith of Scotla.nd Yard boarded the same train. tTJ} In 'Lond·on, tire 'two ~g °l'()vers wo;lked· closely together, towa.rd the Old Vic Theatre nea.r Waterloo Bridge. They didn't notice, but In spector Smith was also on his wa.y to the Old Vie. (U) Near the theatre a younger ma.n, heavy but with bouncing step, approached the couple from behind. He placed friendly bands on their shoul b1 ders and they walked on a bit, chatting amicably. The younger ma.n reached over and ·took a shop ping bag :from Miss Gee. (U) At that moment Inspector Smith briskly stepped in front of the group. "You are under arrest," he said. "I am a. police officer." (U) The three friends looked around anxiously and StLW a. swarm of British counterintelligence agents materialize from nowhere.' They peace fully submitted to arrest. Six months of close around-the-clock surveillance had come to an end. (U) Morris Cohen was an interesting man. He Other arrests were quick to follow. wn.s born in the Bronx about 1910 and was gradu (U) In Miss Gee's shopping ba.g, the British ated from J a.mes · Monroe High in 1928. Two agents found four pamphlets and a tin can sealed yea.rs later he enrolled at the University of Ala. with adhesive tape. The pamphlets were ha.ma on an athletic scholarship, but he transferred SECRET in:formation on British underwater to Mississippi State in 1931 a.nd was graduated weapons. Inside the can was a roll of unde from that school with o. BA degree in 1934. Then veloped film-microfilm photographs of 212 pages he spent six months in graduate studies at the of the SECRET British Roya.I Navy document University of Illinois and began to study the entitled "Particulars of War Vessels." All the works of Karl Marx. material was the property of the British Ad {0}\ miralty Underwater Weapons Establishment in Portland, Englan~, the site where Englana was building her first nuclear submarine, the Dread naught, powered with, a US-built nuolea,r engine. b1 (U) This was the end· of e. successful Soviet espionage operation that had begun ten years SECRET Excluded from ~utomatic Ragradlng:Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 2 DOD Dir, 5200,10 Does Not Apply l l April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOIIPA . ·Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR CONft'IBENTlAL-- - I I -SEC-RET ,:,, world, he told the court. But he didn't say that many of his customers were Soviet e.spionn.ge agents, and that some ·of the r11-re and' ancient vol b1 umes the.t left his shop conta.ined messages in the most modern mi(ll'o-dot photography-. o en ma.rr1 na Teresa Petka in July (U) Although money was o-f no object to the 1941 in Norwich, Connecticut. Lona, born in · Cohens, they played their part, well, Upon arrival 19'13 of Pol~sh parents in Ada.ms, Massachusetts, in London, Morris Cohen rented a buck room over was a, dominating woman who had already dedi- a tobo.coo shop for nin'e pounds a week and com cn.eed •~...... · ilLJ...._.iUR-'---""...,_._!..U.L!--'-'-"''-'-"'.....,.,._____ ---, plained bitterly about the cost. They rented a ~ house for IS guineas a week, a,nd finally bought a home in Ruislip for 4,200 pounds ($11,760), Mrs. "Kroger'' ha.ndled all the money. The British press later sa.ia the reµt oq the h~e and the price· of the house had been -p~id by a Swiss bank, but thjs was not menti · t b1 (Ji!)

: ,1 · ;. ! ., i' hen served as a cook in the U.S. .Army I ,1 Quartermaster Corps during World War II, with

duty in .Ala.ska and France. During the wa.r, ',' Lona. worked in a munitions plant. Both were fingerprinted in 1942. After the war, Cohen re ·turned to New York City, took a 2-year course b1 at Teachers dollege, Columbia University, an

I ,I i il b1 : •i : I '! I' I. I (U) But Cohen, ~etween 1950 and 1954, could I'! hardly ho.ve accumulated a "life's savings" suffi I cient to purchase the 5,000 rare and ancient vol .I umes he had at the time of his arrest; nor did he have "considerable experience" as an antiquary I, when he left the United States. His ·customers I. were university and public libie.ries, professors, dealers, and priva.te individuals throughout t.he i:.1·, i,i -SECRET Regraded CONFIDENRAL on 11 April 2012 CONFIDENTIAL ---- ' by USAINSCOM FOI/PA l'' Auth pora 4-102, DOD 5200 ~R.,: ' C • C 7 b1

Figwro 1 (UNCLASSIFIED). Mom, Oohen allaa Peter Kroger (U).

o ouy was e hea.vy man with the boUJJ.cing step arrested with the Cohens as he at tempted to ta.ke a handbag :from Lona. At their b1 trial, the Cohens admitted to having met with

A ter the Cohens' a.rrest, Ca.nadian pass ports were :found in their Ruislip home. The passports were in the names of Thomas James Wilson and Mary Jane Smith, both native•born Canadians, and contained photographs of the Cohens. Canadian authorities examined the pass• ports and said they were complete forgeries. In formation in the passports indicated they bad been issued by the Depau-tment af External Affairs at Ottawa on 15 June 1956, so they could not have been sed duri · 9 o n

b1 Figure$ (UNCLASSIFIED). Lona Cohen aiiaa Helen Krouor (U).

4 -SECR-E"f Re~aded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-IR :j:;. N ~ I-- C_ 1)0G3 / §tCRET ·t ~----...!...... ------i Molody, known to them as Gordon Arnold · Lonsdn le, in France in U156. This may explain the Travelers Cheq\1e that was ca.shed in Paris that spring. Cohen, at his tria.l said: "Attracted by (J.in I his effervescent personality a.nd stimulating com~ ments on literature, I invited (Lonsdale) to my home. Our relationship developed into a. warm friendship which was marked by his generous nature. He w.ould drop into our home during the week OJl.d on odd weekends." (U)' Molody ,vas mol"6 than an intelligence b1 operative. He wns an astonishing, absorbing man who immersed himself completely in his job-yet h~ wrot~ so'\.1lnil micrQ-Q.Qt l\ltt\''fS "to hi!J wife in Russia, whom he hadn't seen for yea.rs, He was fluent in numerous languages, including English; in spare moments he dabbled in the London stock market, and mad& several thousa.nd dolllU'S. He once took a tourist bus tour of Europe a.nd became (U) There actually wB.S a. Gordon Arnold n. friend of a U.S. Army officer, but he a.ppa.rently Lonsda.le. He Wll.':I born 27 August 1924 in Cobalt, never used the friendship to gain military infor Ontario, the son of British-Ca.na.dia.n Emroa.nual mation, ·This wa.s the man who had kept the Jack Lonsdale, a miner, a.nd Olga. Elina. Bousa, a USSR abreast of the Western.world's·underwater Finnish emigrant. Olga. and J a.ck were ma.rried weapons development&, on 8 January 1924 at St. James Anglican Chuxch (U) He was born Conon Molody on 17 J a.nua-ry and lived in Cobalt. But Olga. was hoII).esick for 1922 in Moscow, the only son of Trofim Molody, a. Finland, a.nd the two did not have a. happy life Soviet scientist, a,nd Evdokyia. Konsta.ntinovna.. together. Olga. took young Gordon and left Jack His father died on 14 October 1929, but his mother in 1981. She moved to Kirkland Lake, ·75 miles is.believed to be living in Moscow. (In·December north of Coba.lt, where she lived with a Finn 1960, Molody's wife wrote from Moscow: "I a.m named Hja.lma,r Phila.ja. Philaja. realized Olga. writing to tell you the truth so that you should was homesick; he gave her money to return to her lmow that you must somehow ma.ke haste to come home. When Olgn. tried to get passport, she found ~~ h' . " that the birth of Gordon had never been registered, She obtained a. record of delivery from the doctor, got the passport, a.nd sailed :for Finland-never t.o be heard of a.gain. The failure to register young Gordon at the time of his birth provided damning evidence against Molody a.this tria.l in 1961. (U) Molody had his cover story down pat with documents to prove it, But the Canadian doctor's record of delivery that Olga had to use to ( backup the birth certificate has some small' print: b1 it indicated that. the teal Gordon had been circum-. cised at birth. Molody had a.U the documentation, but he was at a loss to explain his physical condi tion.' Even the best agents make mistakes. (U) The Lonsdale passport showed that Mol ody left Canada on 22 February 1955 by way of Niagara Falls,· New York. He sailed from New

fl~teO O· SI• I 5 SECRET._._...,... -SECRET- .. firms, Master Switch Company 0£ Coplestone Road, Peckham SE, a.nd a subsidiary firm, Allo Security Products, Ltd., 19 Wardour Stre·et, Wl, both concerned with selling patented safety lock ing devices. (U) He' lived well, dressed well, and drove a new Studebaker. Though he was a. devoted :family man, he was lonely and had romances with women-Yugosla.v, Belgian, Italian, Canadian that he met at the Overseas Club in St. James'. He was never short of money. Besides the· 8,000 pounds that he had parle.yed into 30,000, he lmd. a second income-it came from Moscow via the · -United· ·Sta.tee ·an·d ·Switzerl1nrd: Irt addition to accounts with the Midland Bank in London, Molody had o.n witouoha.ble account with the Credit Suisse in Geneva.

Figure S (UNCLASSIFIED). Oonon Moloily aJla8 Gor4<1n Arnoia Lonstiale (U). b1 York City on the SS America, e.rriving in South ampton, Engla,ndt on 8 March 1955. Well financed (U) Rudolf Iva,novitcll Abel never'talked. He (8,000 pounds)°, he took up residence 11,t the White was silent at his trial, he wa.s pleasant but silent House .A.partments near Regents Park. He im through 5 yea.rs at the Federal prison in Atlanta, mediately went to France to meet with the Cohens. 9.lld he was still silent when he crossed the ancient, (U) In October 1900, Molody enrolled as a windswept bridge in southwest Berlin on 10 Feb student at the London University School of Ori ruary 19'62, in exchange for American U-2 pilot ental Languages and African Studies, and for 18 Fra.neµ,· C-UJIW...%'--'-'LLllJ=~------, months regularly attended the Chinese language course. He was a master o::f languages, fluent in English, French, Serbo-Croatian, and Chinese. He was also successful in the financial world. He operated businesses a.nd dabbled in the stock mar ket, on one occasion, making a large profit on a flyer dealing with a. quick turnover in aircraft shares. (U) As a cover, he went into legitimate business and made·money at it. He first bought used juke b1 boxes 11,nd rented them out; later he added bubble gum vending machines. Finally he went into partnership with two Britishers, Peter Ayers a,nd Michael Bowers, in a company known as Auto matic Merchandising Company. Molody handled the Continental accounts, travelibg to Italy, France and Switzerland. When the business fal • • • * tered, Mo1ody got out with 30,000 British pounds (U) Far from New York and London, in We.r and joined the board of directors of two other saw, another part of Operation Portland began

6 -6-EGRE~ Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 Apil 2012 CO~.IDENTIAL by USAJNSCOM FOI/P A ....---- Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR · ,.,.,,.,., CONFIDENTIAL :..-,- ---.

SEC-R£1f ~\\ in 1951. Henry Frederick Houghton; the Secu ,He met a man whoin ·he later knew only as rity Officer at the British Embassy in Wn.rsa.w, "Nikki," a Pole, outside the Pulwich Art Gallery was blackmailed by Polish Military Intelligence in London. NikW., i-;id Houghton to believe that and a · d to ·v ' · · h~ was trying to ·heip Clui!!ti:J;m out of Poland. Aftei; establishing. rapport Qf a s<;>rt., Nikki then n.sked Houghton to- g~fr _!or him some "snii_>;petit of naval ~formation. }ioughtqn clqims that he refused tQ cooperate··but thim hew~ {91:ced to be ca;lise "the t.na,n so.id thµigs would ,go· hard for me, b1 and· perhaps Chri_i;itina./,.: 'rhen· beg~n- a series. of cla.ndestin,nneetings with Nikki and· another agent named John to whoin. Houghtop fed the "snip pets" of naval informafi9n. H;otig}lto~ said that .... · lioughton.. met.:11.11d.,became ..intima.te-:w.ith. .t.wice,. :w.hen he.. attempted. to. pas~. w.or.thless. ins a young blonde Polish girl named Christin~ formation, he was s~verely-l>e~fen and threatened Christi.ii.ii. was a "frightened.'' temptress. She in with death. . sisted that their m~etings ·be "secret" and· would (U) Houghton sa.i4 1i'e· in~t' o;non 'Mol'ody, come to his room at night only- a.fter an alt-clear known to him as Alexander Johnson,.in June 1960. signal was given: by a l~ni.p at the window. Molody, posing as a U.S. Navy comma.t;1der a.s~ Houghton, during 15' months, in Warsaw, made signed to the :U.$. Attache. office; in Tuoncl9n,. tQl(i approximately 4,000 pounds in black-market op Ho~ghton he he.d been asked to look him up by· a. erations selling coffee and drugs. Because of his :friend of Houghton in Warsaw. "Johnson" said growing drinking habits; his black.market acti'vi~ the United St/l.tes Wl!,S· giving England val~able ties, and his family problems-he was a m.a.rried · classified materia.l and wanted to· kndw if it were man-Houghton was sent home in October 1952. ptoper.ly used. · He requested Houghton,'-apd But the Z.-II, the Polish military intelligence Houg~ton's ~~nd, Eth!:'l El~abetl,f G~e-'.-to ob service; al~ knew of his activities and th~ acted tain .British secrets so lie could check on the mat more quicl!:ly than the British. By thJ! time he ter 1;>~1).use, ·after ailJ ''we are ~li' iY.Orkil1g tQwa,rd left Warsa.w; Houghton. ha~ been blackma.iied a co~on goal:'; H'.oughoon then supplied 'lihn into the service o;f Polish :intelligence. with fleet orders, coµununications sectets. and data (U)· When he retqrD,~d to Engl!Uld, Houghton · concerning underwater weapons. · · was posted tQ the Adµiiralty,· •Vnderwater Wea.p CU) N~i(;hl}r British or American intellig¢nce ons EstabUshmeP.t.,o:p,~:of Bnta.iP,1s· mo~ ~ooret ex is i~cli~ed to believe Houghton's st(ity of naive perimental bas~~;- '.itoughton pr~!l,biy' passed coop~ratfon. · · , · • · · · information, to Soviet intelligell,CC·)V'hile wo1;king (U} :f{oughton firs.t met "Bunty'; Gee in 19p4. here, anq twice he seemed to slip up.'. tn tSt4 and· Slie was a; lonely old· maid'" who· wor:\ted in tlie 1956 he•w1;1-S undt;1rmvestigll,tio.n tor· ~i~g~41y tak Secrets File roo~ at the B'ritish Establlsh.ment. ing secre~ :doouinents ~Q~· ~om' ~he .,A.~ralty Her salary. was only $30 a weeJr, but ~he h.ad' a. Underwater Weapqns Esta.blisrup~;n,t. · But the position of some resP,0~$ibi11ty---lhaking file ~eeks charg% were never proven, anc'!; H;\¢fy· continued and iss-qing classified dbcµme~.ts· to 6,llicialii re, to be a trust~d Acllpir&it-y. emplt?Y~• Tht1 _fµia,i q.u~ling res~:rch. i.n,fo11Patfc;>n. :. investiga.tio.n begl!Jl -1;,~µ~ of }Joughton's livi,ng JU). Mi~s G.ee; ~pioy~d, at th~ tt~de:rwater suspicioµsly in. ex~·-ofiiis :j.µ~iµe. We.a,pons tst1!,bli~lµpe11t sh:ice tMP; liveort (U) Houghton tells anoth~r ·story. He said he la.nd, with her .SO-year-old mother,. a 113:yeo.x:,oici was not blae4mailed by.the-Pol8$in Warsaw, and wicle and an octogenarian aunt who had been that his· first appi'•ti,Qh by .So:viet •intelligence bt:ip,i:4~<;lel), :(o~ 22 yea:ni,•. It was,11,,lcm,~y and- h!l,rd agents was in: Engla.nd in January 19.!S'r. :He re ex.istence: 'l'hen,she .met .wonderf:ul•. light-hearted ceived a telephone call from a unidentified person Harr.y:,- Houghton. There wo.s- nothing: romantic who insisted on meeting him concerning Ohrutina.. looking. about Rarey, He. was, in fact, mean

Regraded c·oNFIDErfn:AL on 11 Apil 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR (... lol:t -SEGR£-r- left them and, following n. circuitous route, wnlked to his car and drove away. The first observed exchange had been ma.de. (U) A month later, on 6 August 1960, Hough ton met Molody near the Old Vic. They walked to a small cotfee house cnlled Steve's Cafe nep.r Waterloo Station. Over a cup of coffee, they dis cussed a newspaper clipping concerning the de fection o.f Martin and Mitchell to Russio.. (U) Three weeks later, agents watched Molody enter a London bank and put 11, large leather case in a deposit vault. The next day he left England o.nd traveled extensively on the Continent. MI-5 obtained a search W!U'.rll,nt .and. .opened.. the case, It contained the tools of a spy-ca.mern., tube-type microscope for reading micro-dot messages, and a Ronson table-type cigarette lighter with a secret compartment in its base. ~he hidden cavity con tained coding and decoding instructions for radio Figure 4 (UNCLASSIFIED). Henrt1 Fretlerlok "Harry" transmitted messages. The items were returned Hougheon, (U). to the vault. A. month later Molody returned to England, retrieved the leather case, and took it to looking, long nosed, cleft-chinned, and whisky his office in downtown London. The equipment flushed. But t.o 11. womn.u like "Bunty"-long un was next seen in the home of Morris Cohen. loved n.nd umvanted-he must have seemed her (U) After: leaving his office, Melody took the dream man. , subway to Ruislip. He strolled' leisurely along (U) The friendship developed into something the residential streets, then came to a private ron.d more, and she begnn meeting "socinlly" wit.h Harry joined by a £ootpa.th. The path led to n. peaceful when he bought a house trailer in 1958 n.nd set up country road called Cranleigh Drive. When he bachelor quarters in Portland .. When he later entered No. 45, n. simple stucco and brick house, moved into a. cottage in town, they decorated it t.ogether. At her trml she admitted to the role of mistress :for a period of some yea.rs. (U) Bunty, too, sa.ys they never met Molody until June of 1960. She said she took him to be n,n American because of his accent, and because he chewed gum, wore a. flashy ring, and had a watch that told the date. But British and Ameri• cnn intelligence do not believe her story, either. (U) The story of the British surveillance of the couple, as told in Old Baiiey Court, began on 9 July 1960. That summer afternoon, Harry met Miss Gee in the lobby of the Cumberland Hotel in London. Under the skillful, unobtrusive watch of MI-5, the couple went to the Old Vic Theatre. As they walked, Molody joined them and gave Houghton a, small envelope. While Molody and Miss Gee sa.t chatting in a small park, Harry went away and returned carrying a light blue-grey carrier bag which he gave to Molody. Molody Figure 6 (,UNOL.ASSIFIED). Ethel "B1mt11" Gee (U). Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 8 -SEC-RE"F- 11 April 2012 . by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR SECRE-"F ~\I Molody had led MI-5 to the long-missing Cohen travelers checks, British savings bonds and stocks Peter John Kroger, the antique book dealer. were also cached in the houso. (U) Following the arrest of Houghton, Ethel (U) In Miss Gee's home, ngents found an _Gee and Melody near Waterloo B'ridge on 'r Jan English translation of a Russian 12-part question uary, agents raided the Ruislip house . and took naire concerning the British nuclear submarine; "Peter John Kroger" n.nd his wife into custody. and they :found $11,200 in savings bonds-a size.. A check of their fingerprints with the 1942 prints n.ble nestegg :for a woman- earning less than $150 of Morris and Lona Cohen, sent to Scotland Yard n. month and supporting three other adults. The by the FBI in 1951, confirmed the Cohen's identity. British court confisca.ted e.11 the monies, declaring (U) But Cohen didn't confess. He said he had "these are Russian monies," and charged the bought the Ruislip home in 1958, transferring hls amount against court costs. · place of business from London to sa.ve money and (U) Only Houghton and Gee elected to testify avoid the daily trip into the city. in their own behal£-tel1ing the. fantasy of the (lJ) "frof0§~or1;1 !HlQ c~o.mer.s n:.om..the.United. .American Naval .A:t~b:e. States, Canada, Great Britain and the Continent (U) Molody did make a stmnge W1sworn clos visited me and stayed at my home/' Cohen said, ing statement-strange because he attempted to · adding, "I am a member of the .Antiquarian Book exonerate completely the Cohens und · accept full seU\111'! Association and the National Book ·League." responsibility himself. He alone, he said, and ~-(U) To the casual. burglar, the house at 45 without their knowledge, transfori;ned the Ruislip Cranleigh Drive would have been quite a shock. home into a powerful radio transmitting station. The :front door had a Yale lQck, a mortise look, He to~d a fantastic story of night and weekend and a securing chain and bolts, top and bottom. labor at the home of his hosts-of which they were The rear door had two mortise locks and bolts, never aware. During the weekend absences of the top and bottom. Four bolts and two patented Cohens, he said, he managed to secrete suph tools locking devices secured each of the windows, in o:f the espionage trade as radio direction finders, addition to their ordinary oa.tches. "After all," forged passports, false-bottomed bookends and tal Cohen explained, "I have o,000 valuable books in cum powder cans, and a small :fortune in Americll,.Il the house." There were other items o:f ·value to. and British currency. Cohen and his employers. , (U) "At ope time while the Krogers w~re (U) Among the items fowid bidden in the awa,y," Molody said, "I constructed the hiding house were micro-dot microscopes (sma.Uer than place found in the foundation of the house and a cigarette), slides, microfilm-reading equipment, deposited. there for long-term stor~e the radio di.µnmy flashlight batteries ( for hiding messages), tra.nsmitter and other arthlles. I took great care a 100-watt, 115-pound portable radio transmitter that no traces of its existence were le£t. I knew receiver which could be set up for immediate oper if the contents of the hiding place,were discovered, ation m about three minutes, a 150-foot cable an it would land Mr, and Mrs. Kroger in very serious tenna capable of, receiving and ~ding messages to trouble. I ~ecided to obtain false passports whlch Moscow, the copfing ca.mere. Molody had stored at could be used by the Krogers if such an event took the bank-a $200 fraktina, also the Ronson lighter place." On innocent prete~t, he said, he took some with the secret compartment and pads of special photographs of the Krogers, inserted them into message paper thafawould dissolve a.s soon lloS it the passports, conceal1;1d them in a leather writing was placed near heat. Also found were a list of pad and hid them in the home aJong with about code numbers used in encoding messages, a.n· auto $4,000 ingeta.wa.y funds. (None of this,of course, matic keying device enabling Morse code to be would have been necessary had the Cohens been transmitted at up to 21S0 words a minut6-& speed innocent.) · which lessens the chance of the signal being de (U) Molody's London· days included· an in tl,'-Cted, or if detected, of pinpointing its origin. A teresting side trip to the Continent that may ha.te total of $29,171 in Amerie&n o.nd English currency, started simply as o; rele.xing vacation. . l:"rl:il:"T ARegraded UNCLA.SSIFlED on S 11:.Vn.:.a- r 11 A.pril 2012· 9 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102~ DOD 5200-lR

;lf 11 .,../ ~RET~·'--:______, r------~ ool ,--..x:=..L.J b1

(U) Throughout the case, we see almost un• believnhle examples 0£ the tenacious devotion to b1 duty shown by Soviet intelligence agents, yet they remain poignantly human. During this case, both the mother and father of Morris Cohen died, but he attended neither :funeral. Molody, a devoted family 'man, suffered , almost constantly from sepn.ro.tion from his wife and fo.mily-o.nd his wife longed for him, too. (U) Molody wrote regulnrJy to his wiie and family. He reduced the letters to micro•dots and the Coh~s sent them to Moscoiv in their books. When Lona Cohen was n.rrested, micro-dot letters were found in her purse-one from Melody's wife n.Ild the other, .lt{olody's reply. The letter from Moscow, dated O Det1ember 1960, read, "Hello my DarJing: I congratulate you on the past :forty third anniversary of the October Revolution .... We were all deeply sorry you were not with us 11,lld so was I especially .... How unjust is life. I fully understand you are working, and this is your duty and you love your work antl try to do all this• very conscientiously. Nevertheless, my re11,SQning is, somehow, narrow•minded, in the fe• male fashion, and I suffer drendfully." (U) Molody responded with o. six•page reply which said, in p!!,rt: "My bel9ved Galyusha. Just received your mail. I am very happy to have three letters from you in one lot.... " U This case shows the care ta.ken in develop (U) "I hope you don't think ~ am an entirely ing sources: The sexual and black-market entrap ha.rd-hearted man who gives no thought to o.ny, ment of Houghton in Warsa.w a.nd ~e blackma,il body. .All I am going to sa.y is, I myself bo.ve only control pla.ced over him in England; the studied one life, a not entirely easy one at tliat. 'I want approach to Miss Gee using the one thing she to spend my life so that later on there is no shame wanted most-love--as a. device for entrapment. to lO

12 -SECRET . :, (U) "I do know what loneliness is. From the This is the eig.llth year I have celebrated without n,ge of ten, during the past 29 years, l have spent· you. Such is life. Many kisses to my beloved only ten years with my own people. I did not wife and children. wish it and I did not seek it, but so it turned out (signed) K. to be. It did not depend on me. I-have thought "P.S. I will be thirty-nine shortly. Is there much very much about it. . . . left i" (U) "I understand you quite well. You wrote that seven October anniversaries were celebrated,. (U) Material presented in this article may be without me. That is so, of course. But· I have used in the preparation of lectures required by celebrated them without you and wit.bout the chil pn.ragraph 7,' AR 381-fa If presentation is to be dren and without my people. . . . I am not com unclassified, those. paragraphs clnssified CONFI plaining, but even you cannot imagine how sad I DENTIAL and SECRET must be deleted or re feel in general and especially at this moment..•. placed by fictitious material.

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA A,uth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR

11 / SECRET ,../""

(S) CHINESE COMMUNIST INTELLIGENCE AGENTS (U} L'?)j b1 \ b1 Intelligence Operations

The Beginning b1 b1 Overseas Chinese (U) A considerable number of persons of Chi nese origin live iri the United States, as in nearly every country of the world. The current total is estimated at 287,000. Altogether, over 11 milHon . Chinese live outside the borders of Communist China, not including those on Taiwan and in Hong Kong and Ma.oo.o, with roughly 10 million of them living in southeast Asia. This lea.ves about 2 million ChineS& residing in the Western World, a sizeable pool :for potential recruitment. There a.re currently 16,000 Chinese in Mexico, ~ in C:~ and 20,000 in Cuba.

3114 10 ~ _-HQ - 7CJ{:::}l( Stukl&, SECRrt' ~------'~C---~ ··1' The Chine5e in America (U) The flow of Chinese into the United States is both legal a.nd illegal. ~y o.ir n.nd sea. during the year ending 80 ,Tune 1960, 3,626 aliens from Hong Kong, 68,920 aliens from Japan, 1,241 aliens from Korea, and 1,654 aliens :from the Ryukyu Isla.nds, arrived in the United States-all legally, but among them could.have been. numerous Com munist agent.a. The number entering illegally is difficult to determine since only 'those caught· can be counted. During 1960 a total of 2,1015 Chinese were apprehended in the United Scates 11s deport able aliens. Many of the Chinese ( approximately b1 80 .percent). -in--the -l.Jnited-.States are--not-citizens- n.nd do not intend to-or cannot-become Ameri• can citizens. Each Janua1:y all alien residents in the United States must register with the Immigra tion and Naturll.lization . Service, giving their nrune, address, and occuplt'tion. The last registra• tion revealed that there are 4'7,895 noncitizen Chin ·,r · b1

Total Allcn.t Oil#rw Canadian Border ••••••••••••••••••••••• 55,494,307 29, 75/i, 396 26,738,912 Mexican Border••••••••• ; •••••••.••••.• 06, 825,995 55,629; 577 41:, 1!1'6, 418 Crewmen on Ships••..••••••••••.•...•.• 2, ~0,634 1,692,893 857, 741 )/.. Others••...... •....••...•••.•...••... 4,487,146 1,907,740 2, 679, 406 y>

Tot.ala Admitted ••••••••••••.• ---· 159,358,082 88,986,605 70,372,477

Figure 6 (UNOLASSIB'IlDD), Oilu1111• and A.lim., admitted at US ports of. entrv J. July J.959-80 Jun,e 1960 CU).

Entry via Mexico b1 w,\ b1

.,...,..••'. \ 13 &UIBO O • U • ~ SECRET ...... --·

um '3;) 15 CO.N.FIDEITTIAL- -SEC-REr ., ~------'-----7 _(kn\,---''------, b1 b1 U) The Chine'se a.re prominent ~embers of Mexican border communities. The city of Mexi cali actually was...fpunded by Chinese who were -working· -for- ·a· ~~~ ·development ·company -in· Mexico. From a.bout ·19~0, the Chinese owned a.p proximately 80 percent Qf.. the farms and cotton plantations and 90 perce:JJP:0£ the retail stores in Indicators the Mexicali area. The Mexican anti-Chinese movement in 1933 caused many of the Chinese to flee or relinquish their economic h.Q~iW,l~· World War II reversed this economic ,t,t,fid• £Or the small number of Chinese who rema.m-esl in the li,rea. As of August 1960, the Chines·e community m. "Mexi- . cali totaled about 1,000 and most· of the large re tail stores were ~a.in in Chinese possession. Many new Chinese are arriving in the border areas and consist of two classes: Those with Republic of China (Taiwan) passports and those admitted as Mexican citizens. Many of those in the first cat.e gory have Republic of China passports issued at Macao, . the Portuguese exclave on the Chinese b1 mainland. Chinese officio.ls state that these pass port-holders a.re screened carefully, but the system is not foolproof. As for those in the second cate gory who are admitted as Mexican citizens, it is known that citizenship papers can be purchased through irregular channels for prices from $2,000 to $4,000 in U.S. currency, Processing of the ap plico.tions and negotiations for· citizenship papers are usually conducted in Mexico City; however, such documentation can also be obtained in Hong Entry via Canada Kong or Japan. Upon receipt of instructions :from the Mexican Department of Interior, the appropriate Mexican Consulate in the 'Far East, usually Tokyo, issues the necessa,ry pa.pars. Chi nese resident.s in Mexico stated that a number of the new, young Chinese arrivals a.re unusua.lly well versed in Spanish.

14 . -SEC-R-E"'F Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 April 2012 coNFwENTIAL _...-· .-- by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR ·

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 '!

SECRET

(.Qr THE SUICIDAL ESCORT AGENT (U) (U) Thi., apecf,a}, article ia a contribution to 001.vn.terintelligence Tnmd.~ and Developmenta O'!J the 6~d Military lnteUigeMe Batt.a'Uon, Eighth U'Tlite

; I b1 : I I : I ;I i Indoctrination

I I ' .1 i b1 ' I : I I I ' .

! t ! I :1 ..., I b1 I

i Training-"One if by land, two if by sea" / I I ~I

I ; I I I

I : i I SECRET , . • Downgraded at 12 Year lntertals:. I : I Not A11tomatloally Deolasslfled I DOD Dir, 5200~ 10 . 23 Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA ~ 1 l Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR j7A)0El~-C um · fV'c:3 y-;;.. 10-s-t-lQ- ,q5i1 ~tfl

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tFOl:JQJ CZECH ESPIONAGE IN SWITZERLAND (U) The trial Qf three Ciech a.gents arrested by ·besides the 10,000 Swiss francs ($2,600) they bega.n ,witzerlp.,nd 11- year a.go ended late this spring with with, they received 2'7,000 Swiss francs ($6,020) he coµ:viotjo;o. of all tln:~e for terms from 5 to 12 and 27,000 kronen ($1,850) was added to a special ra11,rs. A £ourt\l. member of the spy ring, Bohu account in their name in Prague. Po.rt. of their ;lav P .A VLIK, died during the trial. pay came directly :from the Czech Legation in The Swiss Government revealed :few details of Bern. Jhe-case, .. but.from. v..e,riAAft ~g~es the foll.<>wiDg While he worked at OerJikon, Schwa,rzenberger 3ynopsis hllS been pieced together. was remiirde"d··by-Swiss-a.uthorities-that..he .had.n.'t Otto SOl-IW A.RZENB~RGER and his wife performed his "obligatory" militu.ry duties. So Eva cf!Jlle to Swttzerland in ~959 on e:.ccellently he entered the army and eventually was assigned forged dooum~nts. En worked with Otto, and to an office of the general staff. There, two a.uxil though she wo wu.s p. trP-ined age;nt, Ott9 diq most iary soldiers became suspicious of Schwa.rzenber of.the C(>Uectins, 'rb.1> c;ouple ha,d been tra.ii;ieq. m ger because of "certain behavior" that was never ela.borQ.ted on. Schwa.:rzenberger WQ.S put under Prague and hii.d passed ~ii- "exam', in the form sqrveilJa,nce 'by Swis~ intellige:p.<;ie, but the incrimi- · of a 2-month pr41,ctical exerci.se in ]i!l,St Ger.trulJ)y, 1111,ting evide.JJ-oe Q.ga.i.pst him w~ discqvered, l?y 'rh~ir tra,inini i.noluded the usual ~qu~ ch11,.nce. · geogra,phy, langu~e, short-wave overQ.tioP.-1 w.icro A QriclJ:layer, diggmg iµ IL yard in a su,bur~ filming, invisible writing. o1 Zm;ich, fottnd the shortwayQ tra,nsµtttter that When they a;rrived in Swi~edllol).d, the "desti $chwarzenl?erger hac} buri~c;l on ordt}r:s :from tuten couple w~ given help by the ci,ty ot B:nitten. l?l'a.~e when he went into the army. But they weren't really d~titute; ~ h.ev clothini, Inte~stingly, whe:o, t;lle Swiss arr~sted the Eva. had sewn 10,000 Swl~ tran<;e giv~ h.Q;r by thQ Saliwu.rzimber~rs, they 11,lso arrested Pavlik a.11d Czech Government. Vl~s~l GU.SER, their ha.n«J,ers, a.lthoqgh bQtb, They moved tQ Zurich a.nd hD.r»edia.t\11y besa:n were Cz(leh D\\Qona.ls beal'lllg diploviatic pa,esports. working. Otto was hired by the Oerllkon A,Ja ... T~e Swiss pointed ~>Ut tl:i;i.t ·stnce the t'iVO rqeq · chine Works as plant bOQkkeeper. ~ pefmjtte~ wefe I\Ot c:,;edi,ted ~ith~r tQ the Swtss Government him to report to Prague on. materials furntehed the OJ: to 1\-'Jly fntQrna.tiona.l prg~~ation ~9caied ip.

Swiss A~my and to collect secret prod-qction flgt,rreij Swit2;el']11,nd1 they wete not inwlvecl ip. a ~e~th+iate on strategic iwms. He m.io101ilnled reports on di:,;>!Qmatio mi~sion, in Switzerland, they were sul, his observations and delivered thl)lll tQ the Czech jec~ to Swiss COJ:l.trQl a.IJ,d pQSEi\Qle an;~t jor-ille·ga.1 legation in Bern in p, cigp.rette package, IU}tlviti~. Otto RlEJo transmitted infor!Ilo.tton about P<>liti, Th~ fact tha.t th~ Czech Gov~~~t (}hoo~e1;1 to clans, emigrants, JS".A TO offl.cials, 8.Jl.d otlli,r promi-• is~e d!J?loinatic passporw to m,embers of its eEipi nent persons. In a.14 the Sohwa.n.en];)er~rs a:re OI).I\~~ service, the Swiss said, wa,s indica~j,ve 0£ the known. to have sent (S~ messages to Pr11rgqe, Sl)VE:,P.-of attitude ta.keq by the ~ecq GQvernm~µt toward them with a. shortwa;ve transmitter gjven, to th~m the tre,qiti011iiUy iccepted r9les 9:f ~+sops h,wing by Pl\.vlik. lt was tbj1rra~o th.at eventup.lly p,.-o, dipiom(l.tic 11ta.tus. · vided the incriminating evidepce. 'l{ote. Matn,Al l~ tbls artJcle me,;1 ~ \l~!l ln tbe The Sohwa.rzenbergl!ri:i wer~ well ftn9,J1C(}d \lr~a1:p.tton of \ectux~ req,utnid l>Y J>&rl!gi:-ap~ 7, .a,.~ by the C~ch Govermnent. Dul!big the 2 y~ra; ~-12.

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iif'.-----'=----=-=-=-=-=-=--=--=--=------_b_1======-=.------__J ~ (JJ} I unclassified.; this prohibits inclusion of the following in · b1

(U) The letterhead on the reque.9t gave the address as Headqua,rters, Combined Armed Forces, PO Box 14940, Hong Kong, a.nd the letter was signe°r-9bt.Y....!hl.L~WlmlL ______~ b1 b1

(U) A semiannual OACSI publication entitled Solicitation ~f Post, Ca.ml?, Station a.n.d Unit Newspapers a.nd Other Military Publications (U) furnishes Continental .A:nny Commanders with a listing of members and employees of Soviet (U) .Axly solicitation for information received. and Soviet Bloc diploma.tic missions in the United from any of the above na.1ned parsons or organiza. States. It also provides identification of indi tions should not b& honored if the infonna.tion is viduoJs and agencies involved in the collection of unclassified, and such. solicitation addressed to unclassified publications :from the U.S. .Army U.S. Army Commands should immediately be agencies and installations. In order to aohieve teported to this headquarters through organiza maximum oiroulti.tion of the publication, the list is tional intelligence oha.nnels.

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£2( THE FRIENDLY DOCTOR (U} (U) A Jong-range, well-executed entrapment by Communist; agents was explained recently by t-he victi~-an American Government employee. (U) The employee, in January 1962, volun tn.rily told his agency that he had been compro mised ancl placed under control by Communist in telligence. He had been the victim of a plot that n.Uowed tlfe Communists to blackmail him for a weakness he didn't have. b1 b1

(U) This cnse illustrates the extremes to wh1 Commwtlst intelligence services !!-re willing to go to entrap and compromise potential sources of in format;ion nnd their abiJity to quickly exploit the unwary ·for their ptU'poses.

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(gr SEXUAL ENTRAPME.NT-HOW THE COMMUNIST USE IT FOR ESPIONAGE (U) • • I • (U) "I rea.lized that as a solgier my first duty enlisted man we will call Howard. Zett1 .had no was to my country .. But I loved this girl so much pe.rticular contact witli East German offici1?,ls until that it prevented me.from doing what I knew-was · a day when she illegally entered, the S9.viet Zone right. I told her I w.ould give her whatever in• of Germany in the company of a friend. · She was formation I could' obta.in." An. .Army enlisted arrested a.nd searched. When police found o. man, no longer passionately ip love with a German photograph of Howard in her purse, she was in · girl, expla.ined a.t his court.martial w~y ~e h~g ~rr9gl}ted QY. S9vie.t agents and told .she must. given her an Army OBR mll.nue.l o.nd drawings work for them. "We want you to get documents of Army installations. With the detachment and in-formation from your boy friend,'~ they said. common to a cooled romance, the soldier explained "And if you can, get him to come into East Berlin that love had simply outweighed patriotism. He with' you." had never thought he would do such a thpig, a.nd (U) Zettl told Howard what had happened. he wanted 'to think he would never do it ago.in. She said she was in trouble a.nd needed military · (U) Love and sex have dulled men's .con• inform&tion to protect herself. Since Howard sciences throughout. ~istory. . .Although profes loved hel'-it wa.s from his court-martial we sional fem.ale spies 11,r'e ;rare-their nature does quoted, he helped her. Even a..fter his wife arrived not seem to permit the' ,necessary long-term. emo in Germany and Howard's lo~ for Zettl cooled, tional detach.ment---wo:ipen's natural allure is fre the'girl continued to command his coo~ration by quently used by opposing intelligence services to threa ' him tQ milita authorities. entrap an unwary target. O.ACSI files record ) many cases of successful Soviet bloo intelligence operations involving the use of women to obtain information from military personnel. In all too many instances they ha,ve resulted in the compromise of military information and disgrace to those involved. · (U) Hostile irttellig~n~. services sometimes thoroughly prepare a woman for an espionage mission, and then send her out .to e.ccomplish it; but more often they are merely- opportunists. 'l;'hey·happen upon a romance already in progress b1 and exert pressure on a. susceptible woman to re cruit her for their purpose. Then they simply let her cajole military information in exchange for her a.ft' tions. b1

rs; em Zettl was a. oa.m.p follower _of middle-class origins who was dating an America.n Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on SEGRET 11 Aprll 2012 Downgraded at 12-Year Interval~• by USAINSCOM FOIIPA Not Automatically Deel asslfied Auth para 4·102t DOD .5200-lR DOD Dir, 5200~10 31 -~ ' se:GRET

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(U) In 1961, newspapers gave prominent cov erage to a classic case of exploitation o:f illicit romance by a. hostile intelligence service, the Irvin Sca.rbeck and Urszula. Discher case. Scarbeck was ~ U.S. Foreign Service career officer stationed with the U.S. Embassy in Wars&w, Poland. Urszula was not much to look at,·emacie.ted, with sunken cheeks and hollow eyes, but possessed of a seductive voice. (U) Urszula.'s approach to Scarbeck was start lingly simple. · She called the Embassy late one night when Scarbeck was on duty.· She talked about an application she had made for a job. The more they talked, Sca.rbeck related at his trial, the more he became intrigued by her voice. Though he did not lmow her, he arranged to meet her later that night. They met, but only)b-t a few minutes. Scarbeck's first thought was that Urszula was an agent -for the Polish seoret police, the Urza.il Bespieoaenatwa,-UB, but he wanted to see her again. · ~I b1

32 Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on SECRET 11 April 2012 c~ by USAINSCOM FOI/PA . Auth para 4-102, DOD .5200-lR 51 /DS-H-& --As81 ~h 34 SECRET ~- # ~~. an Americap. '. citizen, bµt it Soviet ag~µt. The Sov.tet officer JVhohad made the deal with ·Eleanor was tdentHied as a t9rmer Second Secret~ry at the Soviet Emba~ in Washington who had been un-· officially asked to .leava the United Sta.res in 1959. (U): In the s~on.d instance, .l9yalty to her b1 country prompted the wi:fe o:f a wes~rn-diplomat tci ma.ke wha.t. must have been an ago.nizing deci sion against beµig blackmailed by a Communist intelli""'""" !'!Arvice • . :. .(,0) l (U) But it is not only men who are the targ~t of sexual entrapment. There have been .a. number of cases. in whic.h u.nw!IJ'Y WQID:~ have !1,lso fallen into a rom9:ntJ.o snp.re carefully p~pai:ed by hostile intelligence. Here are two ~a.lJlples. (U) At the·beautiful America.ii Embassy.club on the Rhein Ri:v~r in Bad. Godesberg, Germo.ny, lonely Elea~or, an Americ11,n secreta.ry, met Paul, ·who claimed to be a na.tura.li:r;~· A,µierican. The .~I b1 two bego.-q ·dating; a.~cl, Eiea.tu:>r ~]l: in love with Paul. Wben Paul· moved to West Berlin, they kept in to\\~h by ~P.,µ· aJJ.d=·t~lephQ:il.~ ... : (U) Oli.e·day-; E.li'eitnt;ir-'i'ecei'v:ef-M:i,ssion as soon P.,\tshe was able. arrested by Co:qununist police:. They searcheii'p.er, . She ~as :WJIDeqfa,wly seµt home aii,d;.)ier husband · found the·fihrt, 1µ1d d.evelopeq.'it. !t:show~.d photo ··w~-~~p~: out oftne country -~Jew·days later. graphs of Ea$t (¾erJD,an . ;miµtary eqµtpmeilt, (U)' The instances related i,n, this article OC· Eleanor w11,s• data.me~, but. ~e :Y.,lt!? !1,llow~d .!I, · cu~d auririg the·p~t :few y.~ars, They a.re but n moment wj(h fe.~, He told _hep ·that l+e· w~~ sampling. of th,e methods of fie~ual entra.pment working for· w~em inte1ligence;. •@d . was .i11 • employeq l>y· So-viet blo.c int.elljge~c.e• services · trouble bec~:us~ t,µe fUm. ~ad· be@. '.fo~d? ago.inst.the United.States. _¥any of th~rn were at (U} El_eaAQr ·vt~ tii,kei;>.. to ~- :sov.jet: <,iiµ~. who least ~a.rti.~y succ~:ful li,n~. t-'!i~· ~~thods a.re said he was ta.kiD:g: over her case ;'.he said he wou'id more than likely t~> contin-g.e. CQfil!Patiders a.re .,, release het anq. h~r ij11,ncl) if she womd agree to thereto~ urged to· qite thew., m.~1\~t!on with steal -;:ode~ ~~legi,\ms oonce~g lJ:S, policy t

'!OS t!Q-::-: (C/5.?I G,o-;t}u, SEGRET Best Copy Available

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Figure 11 (UNOLASSill'IlDD), TMa eklofrical4' ohargs

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(5) AMERICAN REDS FIGHT AMERICAN LAW CU) (U) A legal net has been tightened aroWld the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) since the June 1961 deoision of the U.S. Supreme C'ourt that upheld a previous ruling on the Mc Carran Act of 1950. The McCarran Act ordered nll Communist-action organizations to register with the Attorney General. The Supreme Court decision, that the McCarran Act was l~ai,_ I!l8!lll,t the CPtrSA wouid ha.ve to register its organiza tion and its officers. (U) In April 1968, the Subversive Activities Control Board, after lengthy hearings, determined that the CPUSA is a. Communist-action organiza tion and ordered it to register with the Attorney General. Court battles, including three appear ances before the Court of Appeals a.nd two before the Supreme Court, resulted in two remands to the Board for reconsideration. But the June 1961 decision of the Supreme Court was final, the Sub versive Activities Control Boo.rd was finished with the case, and it became the funotion of the At torney General to enforce the order. Figure 18 (UNOLASSIFIEID). GUI Harl, General (U) Since that day several moves and counter Secretorv, OPUS.! (U). moves have been ma.de by the Justice Department nnd the OPUSA. . eral justice in Washington, D.C., on 8 December (U) The Justice Department, immediately 1961 and show cause why the OPUSA should not after the Supreme Court's action, issued a request be held in contempt. Hall answered the summons for compliance by the CPUSA. There was no and pleaded not guilty. Trial was set for a later answer. Then the Justice Department set spe date. cific dates for registration: National office by (U) The first Party official to be jailed was 20 November 1961; if the national office did not Philip Ba.rt, a longtime member and now orga comply, then all local or national districts should nizational secretary of the CPUSA. Bart ap~ register by 20 December 1961; if they did not peared before a. Grand Jury investigating the comply, all individua.l CP members were to CPUS.A.'s failure to register and refused to answer register. 47 questions about the officials and organization ot (U) The CPUSA has not registered and has in the Cl'US.A. and actions it had taken to thwart the dicated it has no intention of registering. registration ruling.. The Court of Appeals or (U) The Justice Department, with no further dered Bart to jail on 6 March 1962. The Grand warning, served Gus Hall, general secretary of the Jury indicted the Party itself and ordered it to CPUSA, with a summons to appear before a. Fed- trial. ·

SECRET Regraded UNCLASSIFlED on E1eludad from Automatic Regrading: 11 April 2012 36 DOD Dir, 5200.10 Does Not Apply by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR SECRET (U) James Jackson, editor of The Worker, the · (U} In an effort to obscure the rea.l issues 11,nd Communist Party newspaper in the United Stntes, OP aims and to attract as many persons as possible faced a Grand Jury on 9 March 1962 and also was to the Party's cause, Communists were instructed jailed for refusing to e.nsw~r questions. to ''participate to the fullest extent in the bat.tle (U) The main blow against CPUSA was a gov for peace, for equality for Negroes, and for the ernment civil suit filed 19 March 1962. The Gov everyday crucial issues o:f the people." They were ernment, contending that the Communist Control specifically instructed to support civil liberties Act of 1054 took the Communist Party out of the bodies and to work for repeal of the Internal political party tax exemption class, sued to collect Security Act. ' more than $1500,000 in income ta.xes and interest ·{U) .The current project of CPUSA is to make for the year 1951. {It ma.y be coincidental, but secure ·its own organization. AJl national offices the real assets of CPUSA at the end of 1961 were were abolished in December 1961, and the affairs vi!Jq~q. at $500,oq9.) _';{'l}e CPUSA leaders named of the Party are now conducted by a three in the suit were Gus Hail, general secretary; Ben member -execut!ve committee wnsi&ting. of Elizn. iam;in Davis, national secretary; Eliza.beth Gurley beth Gurley Flynn, Gus Hall, and Benjn.min Ffyful, na.tional chairman; and Philip "Bo.rt, or Davis. Party leaders plan to streamline all opera ganizational chairman. tions, but to ma.into.in the clubs, particularly in (U} Orga.nizational changes have been made hea.vily populated centers.• The leaders have de at all levels of the CPUSA. Except 'for the top clared that the CP must remain intact and must national officers, n~rly a.11 official positions have plan for future rapid growth, although they ex been stricken from the books to limit the number pect to be somewhat restricted in open operations. of persons who may be required to register as Some CP clubs have begun recording dues pay officers. The :rank and file members are getting ments in code so that members cannot be identified nervous; this has bean reflected in a rash of fac from dues records. Clubs ha.ve been told tha.t tional disputes and internal bickering by several most of their activity will have to b~ ·private; clubs. Some clubs and individuals ha.ve been ex they must refrain from meeting publicly. pelled from the Pa.rty. New organizations have (U) At the moment the Pa.rty does not seem to been formed by dissidents. · speak with one voice. The national headquarters

~~~ ~· '~-~ .

Figure 18 (UNCLASSIFilllp). BenJamm Da1>il, Mtio1iai .s~oretal"I/; Ji]u;sa~Bt/1. GtsritW Fl1111"', rnu,om,i chairman; and. PMHp Bari, orqanua,~ chairm

39 SECRET ·1 has issued a policy statement on its failure to reg sn.vings should nn attempt be made to confiscate ister, but the various state groups have given it the funds under provisions of the Internal Se different interpretn.tions. Each district seems to curity Act of 1950. No OP literature or Party be formula.ting its own defense against any ,Justice material is to be sent through the mail. Party Department action. One suggestion is that CP cl\lbs will meet as pence groups, forums, or readers' members depend on help from the larger front groups with not more than 12 members at any organizations, ·on the theory that the front orgn.ni meeting. zations should realize they will be the next target (U) The organizations that are high priority of the Justice Department. OP targets Me: trade unions ( especially the Team (U) Because the Justice Dep11.rtment has been sters') ; National Association £or the Advancement silent on its plans, the reactions of OP members . of Colored People; a.11 youth nnd student move hnve been confused. They don't know what to ments; Negro American Labor Conncil ; and peace expect, because the ,Justice Department has pre movements. . ceded talk witn action. This bas nnd the e:lfeot of· (U) ·To capitalize on Amenciifi interest in tlre making the members and leaders apprehensive and Sovi~t, Union, Communist speakers-American the ditl'ering opinions and solutions have com and of6i.leign-have been busily touring the United pounded the confusion. It canuot yet be ca.lied States, addressing any group that will listen to chaos, but the disagreements have ca.used serious them. CPUSA leaders have delighted in this re internal strife and lack of discip1ine within the newed interest and in the free publicity given by Party. press coverage of the speeches. At a recent meet (U) A New Jersey OP group was expelled ing o'f Comnw,n,i~t leaders on the west coast, Gus from the Party in 1961 for factionalism and open Hall said tha~lt:"SuTTey has shown that there are opposition to national policy; they immedin.tely millions of AmericaG,B,, who are tired of hearing set up the beginning of whe.t they called a "new about Communists an~p want the right to hea.r OP in USA." In October several members of the from Communists, even if they disag'ree with them. OP "Rn.ilroad Industry" trnde union were expelled Han said the "uncertainties of the :future of the from the Party; they ple.nned to. set up another United States and its policies" open up tremendous OP group, ta.king the- leftist, anti-imperialist possibilities fol' the Communist Party to explain position n.s opposed to the "rightist" pacifist group its position. He said the possibilities of the new that is represented by the N ationa.l CP leaders. generation are "explosive." Another group of insurgent members were ex (U) One result of the current CP emphasis on pelled in the Southern California OP District a.nd youth work wa.s the response Gus Hall received reportedly formed a new group that they hope will from University of California students in recent eventually be the nucleus of a new OPUSA. In a.ppeara.nce in Berkeley. Hall was elated over a stinging attack on recently expelled "factional the reception he received and he said it proved pis ists ·and disrupters," the national office of the Party belief that the main Party effort should be directed reaffirmed its adherence to the Khrushchev line in toward youth. People' 8 World, a. west coast Com the Sino-Soviet dispute, and it expects the mem munist publication, described the student reaction bership to follow suit. to Hall as "warm a.nd friendly" and noted that one (U) A number of changes have been made· in o:f his speeches was interrupted a number of times the operation of the Southern California OP Dis by applause. The pa.per estimated attendance for trict. All local Party officials were told to resign Hall's first speech at 171> and the second at 3P0, their positions as section and club officers. All (U) Student organizations all over the nation section committees have been dissolved and OP are scheduling or attempting to schedule speeche.s . clubs will -meet only once each month. Each club by representatives of the CPUSA. The argument will receive directions £rom. a. designa.ted member of some student bodies is that no restrictions should of the pre~ous district board. Members are be placed on the free expression of ideas inside or having savings accounts made joint accounts with outside th~ classroom. The eleventh report of the non-Party persons, to prow:t their personal 1961 California. Legislature's Senate Fact Find Regraded UNCLASSIF'IED on 38 SECRET 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOJ/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR

...V.... 3 .... l;\ ____ :::t_AJ___;;;;.087_---..;....__c _____ 5~r--.;M,140- - .. 'bee., 3 ~T ing Subcommittee on ·Un-.America.n Activities· that in00,me ·from dues a.nd initiation :fees will be says: ''We know from an. intensive survey that apportioned among the subdivisions o:f the.Pa.rty; Communist propaganda has been alarmingly-effec and that special assessments mo.y be -levied by the tive among our students during the past two National Co:n.vention or by a two-thirds vote of years." . . the-National-Committee. (The·National·-Conven (U) OP leadership found it hard to explain tion is the highest authority of tµa CPUSA: when Russia.'s resumption of nuclear testing 11,nd-for a this body_ is not convening, "the National Commit while ,they considered critioizing Ru.ssia through. teeis.the1hi2hest a.uthoritv.) · People'a W ~rld. This, they thought, would win Pnl more public sentiment to their side because it· would be taken as an indication that.there is no connection between the OPUSA a.nd tlie Com- . munist Party of the Soviet Union. (0) The· CPUS-A Tea.detship "has also been put in an emba.rrassing position by a. message fro:in Peiping. On- 15 Ja.nua.ry 1962, the CPUSA re- b1 . ceived a cablegram from the Communist Party of China encouraging the CPUSA and .con demning the United States for its .persecution through tha MoCarra.n a.nd Smith Acts. Since the CPU~.A. has unequivocally supported the Sbviet Union in the Sino-Soviet dispute, ojpcials in the ~ _New Organizati~'1S CPUS.A. haven't decided how to respond to~ (U) Several new organi~~tions. were b,egun by messa. e. · American Communists ·ciuring the past 18 months• .A.mongw.will....l"'-'lln...--~------, b1 b1

U Article VIII of the CPUS.A. constitution, adopted in 1957, provides for the assessment of· N TION.AL ASSEMBLY FOR dues, initiation fees, and special collection. The DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS (NA~R). It was article sa.ys initiation tees and dues will be paid· _ organized aftei: a. OP meeting in June 1961. The aceording to rates set by the National 0011-vention; assembly was held 28-24 September 1961 in New

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11...... siiiii,,les ____ TM)_...::;_c":_· ~_c.... ______·5"0_ . 4 J. ______1_~_- ___H-Q~----'c:t.-~ ___i __ 7),-_jo. ~ c:::::- _,,,-1- I{...., SECRET .. , \ York City. It reportedly had an average daily attendance of 8,000, of which 2,000 were registered delegates. Many different organizations through out the United States were represented, including ie'J/ the Nation of Islam, an organization which before that time had not participated in a.ny OP activities. The assembly's concern was the "repressive meas b1 ures against citizens by government branches," and it sought means of comba.tting these "illegal, un-A.merican and undemocratic tactics." Al though the assembly was· not intended to be per- (U) Material presented in this article may be lit,~~ York ollice is still in operation. used, within the limits of security classifications ™ffe} set forth, in: the preparation of lectures :required

by para_graph 71 AR 381-12. If the presentations are to be wiclassified, the material concerning CPUSA .finances and new organizations must be 1 excluded. ·

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 SECRET

~ECHNICAL INTELLIGE~CE < . . . ·: -

"1!£f$

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 .by USAINSCOM FOIIPA Auth para 4-102~ DOD. 5200-lR.

S.ECRET 43

(;,_1 44 Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act Deleted Page(s) Information Sheet

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 SECRET ·me~t Copy Available

FiQUre 14 ~QNJDIB001'L\'.Z), '------~ (9r,

b1 b1

(U) Material presented in this article may be used, within the limits of security classifications 46 SECRET Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 Anril 2012 c~ by U~AINS~OM FOI/PA Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl ~tt~C- 1)C£._, · 1oc::r- --HQ -rq -s_8'_,_J __ 3 0 ~47 ~~-t;;t- { (a SECRET -~ set forth, in the prepa.ra.tion of leeture.s required be sanitized-to omit cl.a~ e.ndthe id~ntiti~ of per by para.graph 7, AR 381-12. If the lectures are to sons 1m4 plqc~ Th1> photo~phs of ~eniy·olan be presented as uncla.ssified, the ma.teria.i:must-first de~ine listenmg ~evi~ 0~9t lie d~lassified. . . .

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 SE;CRET·

SABOTAGE;

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 11 SEOAET, ·

~ PRQfiAGANDA.

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by US.AJNSCOM FOYP A Auth para 4-102~ DOD 52Q0-1R

SECRET 57

... -. 1 'I' :Cf0~C f -1-t2$~f:\l,____J,,,,;D~cJ~t-.:_:::5____ 1S lCZ: l--tv- t9s-~ 58 SECRET • .1

(UJ CHINESE COMMUNIST PUBLICATIONS (UJ

(U) The importance which Peiping attaches to teachings entitled "Long Live Leninism." The the export of books, magazines, and other printed compilation which was first issued in the after matter in foreign languages is vividly manifested math of the 1860 Moscow meeting, is under by the fact that, despite the ch~nic a.nd frequently standably top heavy with tracts stressing the severe shortage of pa.per stock on the China main inevitability of warfare between the ca.pita.list and land, the outflow of foreign-language magazines Communist camps and the "anomalies" of Khru and books has remained at a. high level. Equally shchev's policy of peaceful co-existence. Other significant, particularly in recent years, are the works published in Esperanto during the year impressive advances which ~eipi:ng's _ Forei~ included a. 4i2-pa~ Ohinese !!,ntholqgy-!!, ~!'§t Language Press liaa achieved in the visual and volume--and Mao's "On Practice" and "On Peo technical aspects o~ its o~eration. Despite some ple's Democratic Dictatorship." heavy-handed propaganda themes, the foreign (U) Among the 45-odd titles published in Eng language publicatioiis reflect an expertise in for lish by Peiping's English Language Press in 1061, eign language exposition, effective organization two publications received particulo.rly heo.vy pub and pleasing arrangements of graphic and photo licity in Chinese Communist foreign language graphic materials. magazines a.nd journals. Foremost-was the Eng (U) During 1961, Peiping capitalized upon lish-language version of volume IV o-! Chairman Sino-Cuban amity by introducing Spanish-lan Mao's selected works, covering the decisive period guage books a.nd magazines into Cuba. in quantity. of the Chinese Communist revolution :fo11owing During the first nine months of 1961 over 250,000 Japan's surrender. This work ha.d been issued copies of Mao Tse-tung's works were sold there as with great fanfare in late 1960 in' time for· the well as 180,000 copies of various books on China. October 1 "National Day" commemoration. Pei The word "sold" is used aqvisedly, since Havana ping's detennination to insure its heavy sale is known to serve as a distribution center of Com a.broad was apparent by the full page advertise munist publications for the rest of Latin America. ment of the book in the widely distributed Peking . An estimated 145,000 copies of three books by Review £or 'r consecutive weeks, beginning- in Mao, Anna Louise Strong ( elderly China apolo ApriL gist residing in Peiping), a1,1d the late Chinese (U) Rwming a close second was a voli,une en writer, Lu Hsun, were released in October 1961. titled "Stories About Not Being Afraid of There is also evidence that during 1961 Peiping Ghosts" which brings together a collection of an took the lead in publication of Communist propa cient Chinese tales. .A pointed introduction calls ganda in Esperanto language, distributed prin attention to the fact tha.t while there are no cipally in Europe and La.tin America..1 Chinese demons today like those described in the tales, Communist presses were kept busy during the year "there are m&ny things which resemble them rolling off an Esperanto version of a 102-page imperia.Iism, reactionaries, difficulties and obsta booklet presenting Peiping's version of Lenin's cles in work, etc." Throughout the preface, the author, Ho Chi-fa.ng, reiterates that the ghost 1 In September 1861, the Cblnesa (Commnnlat) lDaperanto stories are propagated as current ideological Le&lrlle lieut the ''Norffl A.mmcon Bapff'IJnto BfflJIO", publlthed parables. As a promotional stunt, the editors of ID Chicago, Dl., th~ ach·ertlnme11t1 tor publlcaU011, '.rhe1e ada concerned the worka r,t M:110 T8e-tung, Anna Loulae StrODI' and Peking Review offered overseas subscribers a, copy Lenin. In A.p.r11 1962, an article "China &ad World Peace," ap. of "Ghosts" £or every subscription or renewal to peartd In the A.me:rican Esperanto mqulDt, Pooa (Peace), Poca le publlalled alternately la dlll'erent countries, Baatern 1111d the RsviwJ. Western, and 11 reeo8'QJ:r:ed as an lnllt1'1lment of the "World Pea.ce (U) With respect to works published in for E1perantlat :Movement (KEM)", toullded at St. Pollen, A.uatrla, ·10. 19GB. . eign languages other tha.n English, Mn.o's writings

58 SECRET Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by US.A.INSCOM FOIIPA Auth para 4-1-02, D0:0 5200-lR

.,.,_ G, 59_ r--·-'· u_ SECRET

in ·vo,dous- foreig1i"fangu11ges in bQQk anc;l booklet '~g ;English;. enj01,s 1 ~Y:Je.r'_ the wiqe.st circulation fo~ we~ released in ~t number:;· Th~~ Wa$• among· the. group, esti.1.n$:te~r.to be iQ. tM neighl;>or- a Portuguese, µ-e.nsla.tiq:µ 9:f his. .tint. volmne. ..A. -hopd,. 9.U willl.9n copil$ per iµonth, . contrl!,-gt was iet, to publish ~ J apa.n~· ve~on of . . (U) j pfyni!'?tJo~-4,~vfoe•W:Qrl}iy·µt allresp~ts his. v:olurhe W., 4~·.µi. t,he ye&r;:p,,P~p'~'I-Do,i'&y; ·ofMo.dioo:il: Aven~e WIJ.S mttj>q.µced by tlie·edj.tors advertisemimt stated .t}iat I!.: J1$ber o~ articles of. (J'M,na [lec971,B~t8, In !tll a._tteinpt tcr ~t fro?µ volim1.e IV were. be~g. issued ip; 11 ljlepiµ-ate averse~ cµ-ctila.tiol)'.; n~w subsc~be-rs pr old sub- pamphlet\3, •tte.nsle.~d, int~ o~e ·or ':qipre· Qf eignt. - '~be!'!!; ~~w~g Wlµ'e offered l!, ~citen: sheets.- of different la.ngua~.: T~e-cllciic.~-of la.ngue.~ in- · st,a~ioµ.¢1- 4~i, tbroµgb: sub- (0) Peipih~s internation'a.l propa.g11-ndli. O~®- scription. In 19e1 .this silbscriptj.¢1. li~t was· ex- siye in 1962 shows-no_~iwis ~~ac]:~ij.ingi a~pite pan~~ to s,µcl;l, ?tl;l-e~ ~ewspa);iers ~Ta, K'11/ftU,, P°:°; .econo~c aisasters and •rJjtretlchJnent on. th,~ Chfua, K ul1tn.{/ ?J.'1-ii:g ;(1,()1- ~ ~rle~ra· Dailty •~ Y ~fl,, ·• mamla~li Chl.nese Coiµmuni'Btpr6p~~~ists 11on N ews. 'rhe b1weelfly. pll.tty theoretic.. Jou~a.1 . tiz).ue 00 o-ivep· iirticullloi'-~mphasiij ._ttr the i'c;orrec.t- Red>Ji'U1,g.,_ w~ e.l$9·,1ewme~lto th~ f'9r.eign-exwtii e·· list... A yearjl~d' i!-!lv'~rtise#J,ei,lt;. fl.lso. posted Ui . n:ess!' of' Peiping's, toreigJi.-.p,olicy--aa,.esp~ra.u:y:_-Jl,S Peop~e?a· D(),il,y; -~Uli~d,.. that 2~ ~~!kl!$.,. it p~rtains·to differences wit~ the So:viet. l;Tmt?f!~. guage scient,nc, ·:1µ14: .te.elulical peri.o.di¢~s :i>µh. a.nd·.tp.. th~-drive to solidi:fy, ~la.tiopJt:wlth'.bot}l.its lisp.&,1: QY tM ·Science P~most- 9f whieb, h~ C9mmuilist ~µcl non~Com:giu:nist µeiglib9~,. As ~d~let;ed.:fro~· ~port ·ll! 1959-,-would-'J:;e,a,vail- in pl1}v.fo:us y~~~,-~pp·oi::1;.·1or. :ii11,~Qi:i11,l• reyolv.t\9il.- nbfo· :for. SUQ~riptio~ iii-1962. .- couple<} with ~peited W.!'~:-of.\the_ .tiil.Ii.g~i"f ~de, ~~ ~ajor Litetiitwre, :Pelfing., R~ ,:and Oh~ R~cimr ingred.i~ts of '.P!3iping's:.:p~pa~1¢9~. ~~a.~. to' stiwta coI!tintJ.e

,, . ' , .Regr·aded .UNCLASSJFIED on .. · ·' ii!Aprli':toit .. by USAINSCOM.FOL'PA Auth para.4-102, DOD .5200-lR . ~ ......

SECRET~

:.n.-JD E::~ Uo\t~ :C:CJC_; S

• - I , I SECR.ET '\' B~st Copy Available

~w. lfi.~ ,,&.rt.a . "! .·,1,r ~....

FlQ1Wt1 U (UNOLA.SSIJl'.Il!JD). 011.lneu oommun«1 propi;g~CJ pu'blioaHon, (U), Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 60 SECRET. 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOIIPA Auth para 4-102~ DOD 5200-lR 1-r l<:Ys-l<-tQ - 1Ci~%f 61 ~c:t-1& SECRET

Jd COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA EXPLOITATION OF CAPTIVE U.S. ARMY PERSONNEL (U) (U) Communist propaganda exploitation of usual Communist propaganda against the U.S. captured U.S. soldiers and defectors from U.S. Army and U.S. policies. Forces continues today, in a vein simila.r to that (U) On 15 June 1962, a North Korl;lan front observed during the Korean War. Recent inci line, loudspeaker broadcast aimed at the 8th EOK dents in South Vietnam and Korea a.re pertinent Division reported in English and in Korean that examples. North Korea. ba.d another U.S. Army "defector" (U) In South Vietne.m, two U.S. Sergeants, who was identified as "John Nixon, a member of both members of the 1st Battle Group (Special the ls ivision." Forces) who were captured by the Viet Cong, were said by the cla.nctestine Communist -Vietno.inese "Liberation Radio" on 1 May 1962 to have been released because of their "repentance. for bar barous aggressive activitfos." Subsequently TASS the official Soviet news agency, amplified the propaganda. in broadcasts on 8 a.nd 10 May. (U) A. clerk-typist assigned to M.A.A.G, Viet nam, was kidnapped Oll; 24 December 1961 by the Vietnall).ese Communists and released 6 months later on 24 June 1962. While a. prisoner, he was b1 report~d by the "Libera.tion Radio" to have written two let.ters criticizing the U.S. Forces in South Vietna.m a.nd U.S. policies in that country; on 9 and 11 June 1962, the North Vietnamese radio broadcast the texts, supposedly "at his. request." (U) In Korea, the defection to North Korea on 28 May 1962 of a U.S. Army private has given the Communists a potent propaganda tool. The soldier, who has a record of dereliction of duty and misconduct, walked across into North Korea (U) During the Korean War, such announce while on duty with U.S. Forces a.t the de-. menm were frequently repeated a.nd widely dis militarized zone. He has been quoted by North seminated, as is true of this latest propaganda. Korean ra.dio in a. long statement praising the The occa.siono.l nature of recent Communist op• North Korean people and condemning the "aggres portunities for such propa.ganda. has not changed sive policies" of the U.S. in South Korea.. First the method of its presentation or its purpose: to announcement of his defection wa.s broadcast in create' confusion, frustration, and mistrust in U.S. Korean to South Korea, a.nd in English to Asia.; ranks and among U.S. allies. Such incidents serve as well as the domestic North Korean audience, on to re-emphasize that Communist propagandists 12 .Tune 1962·. On the same da.y, a report of the everywhere will continue to exploit by duresl.l, dis defection was included in a. frontline, loudspeaker tortion, and outright prevarication both U.S. broadcast directed at the 28th ROK Division. military captives and deserters to Communist Both announcements were embroidered with the control. · Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on SECRET 11 April 2012 Downgraded at 3-Year Intervals, by USArnSCOM FOIIPA Deolasslfled After 12 Years · DOD Dir. 5200, 10 Auth para 4.;102, DOD 5200-lR

·tOS- I-JO- l~J SECRET

62 SECRET Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 Anril 2012 by USAINSCOM FOIIP A Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOO 5200-01-\ SECRET ~,,

SECURITY

Regraded UNCLASSIF'IED on 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOIIPA Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR

SECRET 63

l - " I ,r SECRET

(U) SECURITY RESPONSIBILITIES (U) (U) On 20 April 1962, the Assistant Chief of surveys, a duplication which results in .-waste in Ste,:ff £0~ Intelligence (ACSI), Department of the terms of time, money, and personnel. . Army, a.nd the Provost Marshal General (PMG) (U) It is believed that the agreement and its concluded an agreement whioh delineates their re addendum are self-explanatory. One point, how spective roles in the field of security. This agree ever, may well be emphasized. A counterintelli ment, prepared jointly by representatives of gence survey is conducted as a service to assist com• OAOSI, PMG, and the U.S. .Army Intelligence manders to determine the security mensures re Center (USAINTC) in the :form of a Memoran quired to protect key installations from possible dum of· UHclerstD.nding Witli .A.d.dendum, is sa:oota;ge·, ·espionage, subversion-, and unauthorized· reproduced here (figs. 23 and 24) for general disclosure of classified information. The security information. activities o:f the. Military Police Corps, Provost (U) The agreement was considered necessary to ~farshals, and other staff officers or agencies sup clarify often conflicting definitions and interpre plement rather than duplicate the functions of tations of the term "physical security" which are Army Intelligsnce Corps units. A coordinated .found in current Department of the Army pub effort with all investigative elements using. their lications and to assist commanders in eliminating · pa.rticular capabilities is seen as the best approach duplication of effort in accomplishing security to the overall sea.urity problem in a command.

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by US.A.ThTSCOM FOIIP A Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR

64 · SECRET

LOS- HQ - {C/S '8) r _ "· I / ," SECRET

DEl'ARIMIJIT Of' fflZ "1IMY

WAININGTQN 110 0. C.

1. 'Ille ~• of tlwl llmorai>d""' and /Jldellliua 1'I to d•rJ.ne ti>• anu ot pr!&u7 1111,c...,.t w th• >.uutant Chief ot Stat! tor Intelllpuct and Tho l'rovoat llar•bal CltAonl 1n the a.old ot •OOIU"lt.y &II.CSI ti.u prill&ry ,tart t.nw:-tst SJiffl.vo countorlntellleo,,c• uve1t1catio111, aountooroopio111p 111d counto.-aallotac• op.,-,~on,, and otlic' countomtelli• go1111a aatidUts, 1nclw11n& cooni•ri~alllgonc:t .,,,..,.,. am iupoot.iou and tho P"'teoUH ot claeaitiod dttemio Wo-tlon, 1n IZl1 fOrL J. TIie l'r.,,,o,t Manh&l General, \Ulder tho direct wptnioicn and. con trol ot tho o.puty Clliet ol stall to,- l"erso1111"1, to:noulatca, coordinates and IUJ>OMH& the IXllllllt.l.9'1 of p4m, polici&I and pN>QtdQ'l'O& pt~g to tho cr1ainal :ln•eatJ.1aUon, law enror,ua•nt an4 on.a. p...,.ot1t.ion upeoto or oecunty, 11111 ..,,i. I.D aec1&ri.t11a related to preff!IUon ot .....,.tbori,14 ent.,., the OOIIWOl ot entr:r, ol.roulati.aa u,d ult ot aut.horued pen,onnol. alld vehf.clao, ai,4 tho ontorc..,.,.t o! ·1aw am NiPllatiollll by .,..,.. ot M!.U.MrY l'vlioo and oivUSon flard tan;ic11, pel1J,Oter bonier& u.i •PP"'••li aroao, Otld protect£•• ligbt!.Jlg anl a1u,o 111~, p111 am bade• _,.~, allll tbo ool>duot ot lU.litU7 l'vlica 1ct1d,tit1 111 l&v entorc•cnt and u.. Pl'ffRtion am 4etoot.1aa ot crs.io. lie hu otatt roopouibWtiJ" tar tbe ~ioal wacts ot ••our.I.'¥ 1otiiob 11ovo1,,. orilliaal bwdtlpti.011 oi,a'l'8tiou, ClriM pnsv..nt1on ..,,..,qa, IIUituY FoUce operotiona wl tlla coadllc\ or ~ to• est.abllab ti.. 11HCI tor, or to det•...uio Ula attoot1n111ee or tao pbpi<:al uuvea ~a11t1.n.ad ai>Ofh la, Cloe• eooporat.t.an liatweon ACSI am fl'Hl> oot.l.vitios at all ecbolona 1• a OOltual.ly l"OOopud 11tceaait7. T.._ upoota v~h an or 1111wal 'in t1nat will be ooordimte4 at the n.iar-t.. ot tlle A1IIIY 1.,,.1 botw .." tha ACSI and TPl!OJ l.atel'lll.J.7, i,.tvoon r-cu,.. unit,, l.attll11enco 0Ctlc1r1 111><1 pro-rort IUNllal.s, llO&rds, acllool.t or OOlltol'IJ or Y1thlll cOliUrd 011.aMola, u •pFOJ>riat•. Cl.Na coordination v1ll olao bo ottoct.eocuoD with the •at'eg,,&l,Unr ot claeaUl.od illt..,.tion am tho US .l"'1 111.lituy ~IJ.ct Board wli4h ••~lish11 rO'llliNatllto ""'1 nalliatoo 11.IIIUu dtvi.oo, tor th• pwpon ot dt~I iU.pl enu,, and pr... ntil>1 thort. S• fi i8 auoocl that ..tion vUl 'be t.akan b,- tbt aganc1H cone~ to :lnoori,orat• :ln ptl"tiM~ puhlloaU-, pr'O'l1a1ons r.rlaoUflC tho oc11t•nt and IIPU'i~ ot tld.t IIIAorlad... SWIil aotion vUl l>e t1lotD ai the tl-• ot D....l ...-rl.1111 and l'ffUioD or seah r1plat1011.1 am p~lic&t.iona.

6. 4t.taohod Mdl!'dlm 1a iud• a pa:-t or t111a ~

ll'Ml AddtndWII to KaGl'IUldull ot ~11,hrat...Sin1, 3-1tr

Ft{ltlrs 138 (UNCLASSIFIED). Memor!lfldum of ftderata.n4tng of aeureo-v, 20 April J96S ( U). Regraded UNCLASSIBIED on 11 April 2012 SECRET 65 by USAINSCOM FOIIPA Auth para 4-102, DOD .5200-lR

( JSA-

C " " -L I/' - SECRET .. ,\

DEPARTMENT 01' THE ARMY ~ WASHINGTON Z,. D, C. ~

ADDENDUM TO MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDOO ,- SECURITY

Physical securi~ is understood to be a distinct type of security as ditterentiated. from docw,ient and inforJ11ation security and i'roM personnel seourl.t;r as discussed in paragraphs 199 through 202, FH .30-17. The use of the ~bstituted terminology, 11 criminal investigation, law entoroement and. crilne prevention aspects ot security", in lieu ot the term 11physioal securityn in de:scri'b.i.ng the interests and respons1- b1lities of TPMl is not to be construed. as changing or modifying, or as constituting a basis for future change or modification of his responsibilities for physical security as stated in paragraph 40, .AR l0-5.

The prilllary eta!:f' interest of ACSI in counterintelligence surveys,, which·may assess·oounterintelligenoe effectiveness of physical security plans and procedures, 1s not understood to include primary- stat! intel'est in ph:,sical security surveys a.a described and defined in FM 19-20 and FM 19-.30. Tel'lldnology, "surveys to establish the need for, or to· determine the effectiveness ot those physical measures identit'ied aboven, is understood to describe and re!er to physical security survey-s as discussed in detail in FM 19-20 and ffl 19-30.

~- ~~Major General, OS Major General, USA ACo!S !or Intelligence The Provost Marshal General

Ftgure !4 (UNOLASSIFIED). 4aacnaum to memorandum of underata.n,Ung on ,ecre<>v, !O April 1862 (U). Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 66 SECRET 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102~ DOD 5200-lR

l cY;;- f-1 Q -I q -s~I ~ 4,-.+.--//_ i SECRET '\~

fEJ SECURITY VIOIATIONS ARE' BAD HABITS CU)

(U) One must remember that the only known enemy es iona.~ is that which has failed. b1 {PT b1

Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on SECRET 11 April 2012 Downgraded at 12-Year Intervals: by USAINSCOM FOI/P A Not Automatically Daclassifled Auth para 4·102~ DOD 5200-lR. DOD Dir. 6200,10 67 !J2' VIOLATIONS REPORTED BY STATION (U} b1

1f21' VIOLATIONS REPORTED SY YEAR (U)

UL). Vfoiatton, (U). Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 6BC~ SECRET 11 Aprll 2012 : by USA.INS COM FOI/P A ; Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-tR ,., _j;,u/)EyL~ ()&~ L()c ·3 $/t:r,9 ___

I • , ~ SECRET ..., b1

Fi(l'UrB S6 (QO)'!FIJ.llSUTIXL). Oategor11 of per,onri,l involved in ucurit11 vil>latioru (U),

b1 b1

(klf

F~ B'l (~). Tvp,a of lliolation11 (U) SECRET 69

~ Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 2 by uJJN~fficft~1 Aµth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl

,Z-1 70 }~-t-lQ -t Q '&JI . '1 ... ,,j_ Tt Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act Deleted Page(s) Information Sheet

Indicated below are one or more statements which provide a brief rationale for the deletion of this page.

~ Information has been withheld in its entirety in accordance with the following exemption(s):

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It is not reasonable to segregate meaningful portions of the record for release.

D Information pertains solely to another individual with no reference to you and/or the subject of your request.

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D Other:

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Page(s) 71

IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 ~

SECRET •,\I

b1 b1 (.0)1

(9') I~------

SECRET 71 Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 Anril 2012 by USAINStOM FOVPA Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl

ti .. / fr Freedom of Information Act/Privacy Act Deleted Page(s) Information Sheet

Indicated below are one or more statements which provide a brief rationale for the deletion of this page.

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It is not reasonable to segregate meaningful portions of the record for release.

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D Other:

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Page(s) 73-74

IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 SECRET-~ ·

ESPIONAGE BRIEFS

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI!P A Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR

SECRET 75

c,i 75 LQs+!Q~- t$

~ West Germany (U) b1

(U) AF9entina (U)

.(U) On 14 June 1962, it wns announced tho.tir- -b6----,I a naturalized Argentine citizen born in Aussig, Czechoslovakia., andl bo la naturaliz~d Argentine citizen born in Berlin, ~rma.ny, had been arrested by Argentine security authorities for espionage .activities on behalf of the Soviet Bloc. I be Iis the former head of a pro-Communist organization devoted to the expansion of Argentine trade with the Communist Bloc. Initial infor mation indicates tha~ be lwere associated with other former German nationals now residing in Brazil and Cu9a. who are allegedly engaged in intelligence activities. .According to .Argentine intelligence, radio trans mitters, cipher materials, photographic and micro.filming equipment, and other. appara.tus were seized in the homes of the two men.

¢ California (U} ~\

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SECRET Excluded from Automatic Ragradlng1 76. DOD Dir, 5200.1 D Does Not Apply Regraded CONFIDENTIAL on 11 April 2012 c~ by USAINSCOM FOI/PA ------.--- Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR ti;()EX ~-- -..&..L@B______D_cJ_c._3_- ___ 3_~ IDS- 1-1 Q - Lo/5f{ __ _

C"-,... -:1 l I 4 U Iceland (Ul . (U) In May 1062, I~and expelled Czechoslbvaktra.de envoy, Vle.scimil V. Stochl, charging that he had attempted to persuade 11,n Icelandic civilian pilot to collect inform!_ttion concerning U.S. military aircraft based at Keflavik, Iceland. The Icelandic Justice Ministry stated that the civilian pilot, Sigurdur Ola.f~on, employed at the U.S. base, had complained to the Czechoslovak Embassy about faults in a twin-engine aircraft be had purchased from Czecho slovakia. in 1954. The Ministry ea.id ·Ola.fsson quoted Stochl as saying that Czechoslovakia. would give him a. new plane in exchange for information about the American planes at Kefla.vik.

ffl" Mexico (U) b1 I b1

:I'/UQEx C ~ :3 ___ql-j +-+77------=£()5::;_.....,_'._j_~~G);__.--!:,_l9.:...:~=----- SECRET By Order of the Secretary of the Army :

EARLE G. WHEELER, G61't81'aZ, United StatfJ8 Army, Officia,l: OMef of Staff, J.C. LAMBERT, Major General,, Umted States A.rm,.11, Tlu A.djutant General.

Distribution: Active Af'm1/: USo!A (1) AMO Det No. l (Ord) (5) Br Svc Sch (1) ASA (MP&RF) (1) tTSCONA.RO (8) NWO (1) A:SA (I&li)" "(t)· -OS· Kal-Oomd. (10).. except 104.F (!) ASA (RD) (l) USAR.J (1) USM!. (2) USA.SA (IS) USA.ROA.RIB (15) USA Cold Wea & Mt Sch (l) ORD (1) USAREUR (94) USA Mal Comd (1) OLL (1) USARYIS (20) USA. Avn Oen (l) OARROTO (1) ARADCOM (8) USA. SpWor Cen (1) OOA (1) ARADCOM Rgn (2) Engr Oen (1) TJAG (1) LOOCOMD (1) QM Intel Agcy (1) CofF (1) ZI Armies (50) except Ord Intel Agcy (1) CMH (1) Second USA. (70) Med Info & Intel Agcy (1) TAG (1) Third USA. (85) Sig Intel Agcy (1) TBG (1) Fourth USA (40) 0ml Intel A(cy (1) Sixth USA ( 85) TPMG (1) Trane Intel Agcy (;I.) E'USA (2) CofT (1) MDW (G) AMS (1) TIO (1) XVIll Abu Oorpa (8) US.AR.EUR Intel Sch (3) DOSPER. (S) 101st Abu Div (2} US Forces Japan ·(10) A.OSI (146) USA Obt Dev Eii:per Oen (1) Iceland Det Force (1) DOSOPS (8) USA. Aggreuor Oen (1} Mil Man (1) DOSLOG (B) Svc Oollege (2) euept Mli.G (1) AMO (6) USAOOSO (1) ARMA. (1) NG: None. TJSAB: None. For explanation of abbreviations used, see AR S2HO.

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on , 78 SECRET 11 Anrll 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/P A Auth Encl 5, para 1-d, DOD 5200-01-Vl lJSA 't.;.,:· ., ,·.:.··· ... ·'· ' . . ~ . l . ., ~ ', *\ ',•,··I ...... ~ .. \ 4•641 (Rev, 7-14-60) · .. ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED UNITED STATES L....,-..-~MENT HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED DATE 11-29-2011 BY 60324 UC BATiJ/SABiUJS ;x, { ; Memorandum ~) · DATE: TO

suBJEcT: 'j/1111 v 1(/At 5 l?C'II(1 ~( q_llA'<-1~ , ry,,, , ,;; •· (~~''.'.''.~: ,, ·: -~ 1:

c,v --;:, ""':!., -:•'/. ,'i.,__ .5ua: ft;;: , u ~:I!.::... -2.'!,;_ rr,-_, ;,,;,,:rl' _: '.- : ~- -\-f ~3 . -yr1o.fLP"1 The attached Z/_. {!. VV'I,.,,,. • • f-~ has been received in the Records Branch, ap priately initialed, and in dicated for fil.e. By µse of instant transmittal memorandum, all necessary recording and indexing will be accomplished. It is to be noted this fonn is for internal use only within the Records B:r;-anch, principally by the Routing Unit where bu1ky mate.rial not ·accompanied by memorandum is usually received.

The enclosure, if bulky and not usually filed With other pap.ers in file, may be detached but this action should be clearly noted under the word ''Enclosure."

Enclosure /tJ.S-:- 1r~,-1- -NOT RECORDED -- 5 JUN 25 1963 rf}Jll 1"'1

~ .rJ'F"O C)n \ '- l lc_po ~o-6"9- e, Dd~ t--{ 79 . ', r(\ ,, . ' ·~ SEeRET

HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES DIRECTED AGAINST THE US ARMY (U)

1S MARCH 1963

NO FOREIGN DISSEMINATION

Regraded UNCLASSJFlED on 11 Arpil 2012 by USAINSCOM FOIIP A Auth para 4·.102, DOD 5200-lR ' . ------' 11,11 ..tertal -I• 1-'-• oltoctt• 1M Nlllanlll Def._ ol tl,e UiollN S-•lthl• ti..-... el .., 1.,-i,e IIM, TTlf• 11, U.S.C., s.c,..., m .. "'• the~., 11..i•11oa o1 .,1,1c1, , ...,, _ to - • .-..,1n,1 ...,_ 111 ,..,,... , .... b)' law.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INTELLIGEN~1 . WASHINGTON 25, O.C. if-lt/~ SECRET EXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIC REG~ ,#- bte,,, ~ .•. DOD DIR 5200. 10 DOES NOT f>f L. 'J 0 usA J--NG~{ /&d-- l?~--8(/C/;~--:y: / ~ ck(lp ' (U) INTRODUCTION (U) SEeRET (U) The United States Army, as a con- nlcal equipment by hostile intelllgence sequence of ttsworld-widemisslon and dis services. In recent yean their technicians position In defense of the nation and of our developed a formidablearrayof taoist~ aid alltes, has been and ts a main target of es them In the clandestine collection of infor pionage and subversive operations directed motion and to entrap the unwary. The mod by the TntelltgeAce, counterintelligence, em Communist espionage agent has at his and psychologtcal warfare services of the disposal and ts trained to use a varietyof • Sino-Soviet bloc countries. Instances tn devices which enable him to covertly mon which these hostl le services ·have sought itor telephone conversations and to listen to subvert Army personne 1 or enmesh them in on private conversations in closed rooms, " t n espionage are numerous and frequent. restaurants, hotels, and offices. He is also There are no indications that these hosttle able to take surreptitious photographs of operations against the Army wt 11 decrease; persons, places, and things. The sec.urfty to the contrary, they may become more pl'Oblemi po·se-d··bythese devices·have· lnw frequent. To defend against them, it ls of creased greatly since the developmentof urgent Importance that all Arrrrt personnel, mlnlaturb:ed electronic and mechnical mllrtary and ctvlllan alrke, be aware of compcnents; they may now be carried tn the nature and techniques of hostile espio consprc:uously on the person or easily con nage and subversion. It ts the purpose of cealed in or outside of rooms and butldings this booklet to contribute to such an aware in such a fashion as to defy detection. ness by presenttng a review of Communist directed espionage and subversion against (U) Part 111 reviews the use of propa the United States Army in recent years. gcnda by hostile intelligence and psycho loglcal warfare agencies to undermine the (U) The review is in three parts. Part morale and loyaltyof American servicemen, I I llustrafes the emphasis bloc intelligence to estrange United States Forces from their services place on the detection of charac alltes, and to fncftethepcpulacaof friend ter weaknesses, Indiscretions, and evi l·y foreign nations against the presenceof dences of emotional fnstabllity on the part American soldiers. Examples of propaganda of Army pertonnel, all of which may be to achieve each of these Communist aims used to lnvolve them ln espionage opera are cited In order that similar propaganda tions. It also shows the manner in which of this nature, wherever it may appear, these hostlle services exploit blood-ties may be readtly recognf~ed for what it is by between residents of Communist countries Anny personnel. and ml!mbers of the Arrrry, its clvi ltan em ployees, and Its local foreign employees (U) It is intended that this booklet be In overseas commands. Summaries of given the widest possible distribution con actual cases are presented to clearly show sistent with Its security, cl~ssiff cation In the manner in which our enemies bait their order that It may achieve its purpose. snare with money, alcohol, and sex, or Much of the information contained herein resort to the use of threats and other forms has been prepared for use in Implementing of mental duress to bend their victims to those provisions of AR 381-12, Subversion their wf 11. and Espionage Directed Against the US Army (Short title: SAEDA), dated 8 (U) Part 11 discusses the use of tech- September 1961, whfch require that all i Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 Aniil 2012 by USAINS~OM FOI/PA SEERET Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR 811 L?3 military personnel and clvllian employees precludes direct use of some portions of of the Army be given an orientation on the materfal f n the preparation of Indoc methods used by foreign lntellfgence ser trination lectures, such material may be vices to gather fnformatfon pertafnf ng to used as background Information for ln US Army Jnstal lotions, aetlvttles, and structon possessing adequate security personnel. Where security classlffcatfon clearance.

FOR THE ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INTELLIGENCE: ~i~ Brigadier General, USA

H HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES DIRECTED AGAINST THE US ARMY (U)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: ~ Soviet Bloc Espionage Techniques (U) Page

Introduction ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••• 1 "E asy Money II .••••••.•.•••••.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 11 The Hostages" • • • • • . • • • • ••••••••••••• , ••••••••.•••••••.•• • • • • • • • 5 "False Colors" •••••••••••••.•.....•.••.•..•• , •••••• , ••..••••. ••••. 7 "Th e Decoy II •••..•.•..• , ••.••...••.....•...... •.••..••..•••. , •.• 8 ''Asking for Trouble''• ••••.•••••.•••.•••..•...•••••••••.••.•.•. ,.,. 11 "A loaded Handbag'' ••....•••...••.•.••..•.•.••.•...••• , •...••• , •• 12 11 ''Mr. Mata· Harl ••••••••••• , •• , •• •• , , • • • 1 1 • • • v. , • ~ •••••• .- •.••••••• 13. "The 'Doctored' Photograh" •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15

PART II: ~ Clandestine Listening and Photographic Devices (U)

A. General •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ...... 19 Telescopic Photography ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ... " .... 21

B. Basic Counter-Measures Against Audio-Visual Surveillance Devices.. 24

C. Examples of Audio Surveillance by Soviet Bloc Intelligence Services:

USSR •••••••• , •••• , •••••.••••••••••• ,...... 30 Bulgaria...... 32 Cxechoslovakia...... 32 East Germany. . . • • • • . • • • • • . • . . . • • . • • . . . • . • • . • • . . • • . . . . . • • • . . • 33 Hu r,gary, •••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 Poland • •••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••• -. • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 Rumania •••••• ,, ••••• , •••••••••••• , ••• , ...... ,.... 42 Yugoslavia •••.•••.. , •.. , .... ; . . • . . • • . • • • • . . . • • • • • • • . . • . . . • • • . 44

PART Ill: (5) Subversive Activities Directed Against US Army (U)

Instances of Subversion and Propaganda •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••

Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 April 2012 by USAINSCOM FOI/PA Auth para 4-102, DOD :5200-lR

iii 83 /CoS Regraded UNCLASSIFIED on 11 Aplil 2012 PART I by USAINSCOM FOI/P A SEC:RET . Auth para 4-102, DOD 5200-lR ~ SOVIET BLOC ESPIONAGE TECHNIQUES {U)

(U) The Soviet espionage network., tenttal, the Sfno-SO\llet bloc countries are augmented by those ~f the Satellite coun conducting an unceasing clandestine effort tries, Is by far the largest in the world. to subvert and recruit US Army personnel Its operational bases are located In virtual in order to exploit them for tntelllgence ly every country on the globe. Thousands collection purposes. of Communist bloc agents in the guise of diplomatt c personnel, ml lltary attaches, (U) The methods employedare divene commerclal representatives, artists, tech and Ingenious, and more frequently than nicians, tourists, emigres, etcetera, carry not of a sordid nature. In attempting to 11 on clandestine intelligence operations recruit their "targets , Communfst agents from these bases. Some are located in will not heslstate at the vilest of means to Sovlet/Satelltte ernbasshas, consulates, or achieve their purpose. T-hey· ·are .fully the residences associated with the~ diplo aware that any Instances oF fmmoral, matic lnstallatfons; otheis operate under Illegal, or indiscreet conduct of US per the cloak of press and travel agencies or sonnel assigned abioad are a valuable trade delegations; stJ II othen Illegally In lever ln their hands. Penonal habits, filtrate non-Communist countries to pose traits of character, mannerisms, and as a:s loyal citizens whlle covertly engaged sociations are scrutlnb.:ed to determine any In espfonage. irregularltie• of conduct. Information Is sought regarding personal Interests, asso (U) The United States Army, whl.ch cratea., and relatives residing In countries together with its sister services represents under Communist control; partfcu lar atten the mi IJtary power of Communlsm'sprlnclp tion ls given to any evidence of black al Free World antagonist, ts a prime target market or other Illegal transactfons, in of this Soviet bloc espionage network. Its debtedness or other flnanclal difAculttes, operatives seek informatron concerning the f lllcft or abnormal sexual activities, and Army's strength, disposition, training, excessive drinking. equipment, communications, plans, re search and development, weapons, any (U)" In -determining how best to effect thing which mfght ald Communfst forces recruitment of his tafget, the foreign ln In the event of hostllrtles. telllgence agent considers no piece of In formation Insignificant or Irrelevant. Any (U) Never before In Its peacetime his evidence of misconduct is exploited to the tory hc;ss the Unfted States had occasion to utmost. And If there is no evidence, tt may deploy so many troops In so many foreign be contrived. Entrapment ls a common tech lands as It has In the post World War II nique. Hostrle intelligence services wlll period. To the Communist bloc fntelll frequently arrange situations which Invite gence services, these hundreds of thou-. llllcft relatfons between US personnel and sr.mds of American servicemen and their foreign natlon<:ils of the opposite sex who dependents stationed throughout the world are their readily avaflable tools. ~lalms represent an Inexhaustible number of pc of pregnancy or alleged abortions which tentla I sources for the Information they may arfse from such situations are used .to seek. Fully appreciative of this vast po- further entangle the entrapped lndlvtdual. (See Fig. 1) 1 SEC:RET ~toeo b6 b6

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Figure I. (UNCLASSIFIED--FOR OFFICIAL USE Ot~L'f) Confessed Informants of hostile lntelllgence services who were companions of U.S. military person'lel (U).

2 T t--50~ K C FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY tm DC'Je--k/ ~&,~ (U) Americans stationed tn Iron Cur (U) It Is, therefore, believed that us· . tain countries are even more exposed to Army commanden and thefr staffs wtll flnd hosttle lntelllgence operations; each tn the following summarlesof actual case his divldual and his activities, both during and tories useful, notonly In alertlngpenonnel after duty houn, ts subi ect from the moment of their commands to the gravlty of the of hts arrlva I to a constant scNtlny and sur security threat posed by hoatlle r nte lltgerice vel llance by police and securlty agencies but also to acquaint them with the means alded by an army of Informants. Moreover, bywhlchthey~n avoid or negate attempts complete control of publlc communications by hostl le Intel llgence operatives to re services, constNctlon work, and lnstalla cruit or subvert them.• Each of the follow .. tlon of uttlttles tn their own countries t ng t nstances II lust rates a clf fferent approach assures theCommunlst lntelllgenca services or comblnqtfon of approaches by ·bloc In ample opportunity tQ Jn.1tgl! covert llsten telligence services to achieve their com lngandrecordtng devlceswhlch Invade the mon goa·r. prlwcy of off1 ces and homes. ·

(U) As a consequence of thelrunceas "EASY MONEY" tna effort, the number of Soviet/Sate I Itta attempts to recruit profitable 10urces of fn .. (U-FOUO) Excessive· Indebtedness is formation from within US military forces, always a source of pressure on the debtor. wherever they may be stationed, fa on the Communist intelllgence offlcers know this Increase. Unfortunately, a rash of recent well and are ever alert to manipulate this cases--bothpubltcl:z:ed and unpubllcf:z:ed pressure on potential ~urces of infor~ton ln which classified mflftary Information was who are In ftnancfal dlff1culty. There are furnished to Soviet bloc agents by US mtll known Instances where they have even in tary personnel and cfvilfan employees ftltratedtheiragents into banking and lencl testifies to the succeu and effectiveness of rng inatttutions in order to obtal n the- names hostlle lntellfgence methods. of borrowers. In the following case, they obtained their Information by other meani (U) Mllttary and clvl Iran personnel and quickly put It to successful use. A US often Fall to recognize foreign lntelllgence Army soldier stationed abroad ( whom we activities directed against them because shall call Sergeant Brown) was their target. thsy: (1) minimize the Importance of thelr ,. own rank or duties to foreign lntelllgence (U-FOUO) Brown's difficulties began services; (2} fall to appreciate the ease when he tr1ed to support both his family, wtth which any bad personal habits, traits which he had left In the United States, and of character, and associations can be used a mistress with whom he cohabited at hts against them for purposes of blackmail, In duty station. Agnella had been a barmaid, timidation, and embarrassment, and (3) fal I but the American soldier's dollan mode it to recognize or suspect questions posed by unnecessary for her to continue working. foreign nationals In the coune of otherwise Brown's pay, however, was lnsufficfent to _r nnocent conversation as de Itberate attempts cover the added expenses of this affair and by hostlle lntelllgence to obtain valuable he began to borrow mc;,ney from other so 1- i nformatfon. diers In his unit. When he was unable to promptly repay these loam, he soon found 3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY l ~ 8 U)S---- t-l ~ ~ A 5& ~t* l6 tt Impossible to borrow addJtJonal money gence ggency and that her Job as a bar except at exhorbrtant rnterest rates. maid would give her an excellent opportu• nity to observe people and pick up f nter (U-FOU0) Brown was soon deep rn esting information; would she be wllllng to financial trouble. His mfstre. was preg become an Informant? Agnella accepted. nant and tn the process of berng evicted from her apartment for fol lure to pay the (U-FOUO) Peters said he was primari rent. In a note to Agnella, Brown wrote ly lntel"e$ted in obtaining Information about hfs worrfes were compounded by the pos people who drank excessively or engaged sfbtltty of his being separated from the tn Jlllcft sexual affairs., Brown's name was Army as an undesirable because of con hardly mentioned, _although Agnella did ex.. trnued excessive debts. To improve the plain that she and Brown had pressing debts flnancfal situation, Agnella looked for amount.Ing to $500. Peters asked for an work. ltemfz:ed account, stating that this Indebt edness could be settled; it would be 11 ea1y 11 (U-FOUO) She frrsttrledto get a fob to obtain the money If the couple could at the bar where she had last worked. furnish Information about US Army insta lla There she spoke to an old customer, known tiona, equipment, and personnel. Peters II 11 only as Egon , who frequented the place. ended the discussion by giving Agnellaa She to Id him she was badly f n need of telephone number and Instructions for their money; he appeared aympathetf c and soon next meetl ng. assistedhertoa new job. Later, fn thank ful conversation, she confided In Egon (U ... FOUO) Agnella quickly informed about her condition, her Army Friend, hrs Brown of these events and persuaded him to debts, and their need for money. accept Peter's proposition. Brown imme diatelysetdownand turned over to Agnella (U-FOUO) Agne I la never saw Egon some notes on order of battle Information on agdin, but shortly thereafter two men un US units In the area. At the Jr next meeting, known to her visited the bar where she was Agnella gave Brown's notes to Peters. He working, Introduced themselves as Friends appeared satisfied with them and paid her of Egon, and fnvlted her to their table. $75, stipulating, however, that thi$ ~o.e.y D-ur-ing- the- ens1:1lng,·conversation, Agnella was to be used to buy cfvflian clothfng for discussed her financial problems and one of Brown and that the Sergeant was to accom themensuggestedthe posslbtlity of a well pany Agnella to the next rendezvous. When .. paldclerlcal Jobwlth his 11 flrm. 11 Arrang!9- Agne I la disclosed that Brown had recently ments were thereupon made for a further attended a demolttlon training school, meeting to discuss this possibility. Peters promptly requested that Brown also ,. obtain samples of explosives used at the (U-FOUO} At this meeting, the man sehoolaswell as all available fteldmanuals suggested that they go elsewhere for the dealing wtth US Army weaponry.• dlscusston, hts chauffeur-driven car was }ust outside. They drove to another res (U-FOUO) Brown's compltctty In this taurant where the man introduced himself as espfonage operutlonwas exposed a few days Mr. Peters. He then told Agnella out later by mere chance. When he had been right that he represented a certain Jntellr- placed under restriction for being AWOL, 4 FOR OFFICIAL USE. ONLY Brown prepared several reports for Peten tovs means to an Intel llgence headquarters which ha placed in a bundle of laundry where a dossier Is opened on the pctential and gave to another soldier to deliver to target. There, experienced intelltgence Agnella. This soldier, whose suspicions officers review all known factors bearlng had been aroused by some of Brown's re on the target t n order to determine the poa cent activitte1, opened the bundle and sibl lity andbestavenueof approach. When discovered the rap0rt1. Brown and his it appears that there ,fs some p0ssibl lityof mistress were quickly arrested and soon success, a'1 agent is ordered to make the tried and convicted of espionage. approach.

(U-FOUO) Investigation found no (U-FOU~ In Brown's case, Egon was evidence of Communist orientation or as thespotter; the circumstances which he re sociates In Brown's past. Nor dtd it un ported were the Sergeant's extra-marital cover any evidence which might have affairwtthAgnella, the r~sultlng pregnancy, raised doubts about his prior loyalty to the and their desperate need for money. This United States. This soldier probably had was enough to give the 11 9rHn light 11 to never had the ·remotest Idea that ons clay agent Peters who had no dlfflculty f n con he ml ght petray his country. What then Is vf nct ng Agnella, and she, In tum, Brown, the lesson to be drawn from Brown's dis-. thathlsproposalwas a way outof their dif grace? It is that Irresponsible conduct of ficulties. But In cases where the target in one's personal and financial affairs can dividua·I Js not under Immediate mental lead to sltuatlC:)ns which may Impair judge duress and the prospects for success are. not ment, Integrity, and loyalty, situations Immediate, his dossier will be maintained only too quickly exploited by hostile ln in the files of the hostlle Intelligence ser telltgence agents who seek them out. vt ce fn view of the possibility that addt- . ttonal fnfonnatlon may permit an approach (U-FOU~ What primary espionage at a later date. technique appean In this case? It is the use of a II spotter. 11 In Intelligence jargon, THE HOST AGES a spotter lsan Intel llgence operative whose principal function Is to determine the (U..:=OUO) There are thousands of Identity and circumstances of persons who P.9rsonsassoclated with the Army who have for one or more reasons may be considered close relatives or friends residing In coun susceptlb le reqrultment targets. Spotters tries under Communist control. They In ate often recruited from among those oc clude the alien enlistees, many of them cupations whlch have frequ~mt opportunity refugees from Communism who have since to learn some detalls of an lndtvldual's qcquired citizenship, foreign born scientists personal affaln cmd conduct; barkeepers, and technicians employed tn research <1nd barmaids, waitresses, prostitutes, barflle1, development for government agencies or · and taxi drt vers have been often used for ml lltary contracton, lmmf grant clvtllan this purpcse. employees of the Army In the United States, local foreign employees of overseas com (U-FOUe), Upon !earning information man.ds on the periphery of th• Communist about a person which may indfcc:1te his sus empire, and foreign born dependents of cepttbt llty, the spotter transmits it by var- servicemen. These people have chosen 5 ~oe, c_. . FBR BFFICIAL USE ·oNLY

_l_)S_A___ w_c_. ----=-L.f·_____ ,_.:_____~___.....0-::______~-~{ ~/-lQ-_ ~58r ~ fG:, freedom and, with rare exception, have fumi shl ng the necessary data, issued the re shown their loyalty to their adopted coun qui red papers. Before her departure, how try. Nevertheless, they are often the tar ever, one of theofffcialswho had been ex gets of Communist espionage operations ceptionally courteous to her Indicated that wht ch seek to use the Ir re latIves and frl ends he too contemplated traveling to Rumanla who are stl 11 sub) ect to Communist contro Is soon and would be interested In meeting as hoatages to obtain their ends. her again.

(U-FOUO) A soldier assigned to the (u...,-:ou~ Shortly thereafter, Carlotta 16th Fleld Hospital In West Germany be traveled to Bucharest. She had barely came Involved tn such an operationwhen arrived at her mother's home when she was he visited his grandparents In Poland. He visited by the same -Rumanian official who had scarcely arrived when he waa summoned had been so courteous to herfn London. He to the local city hall, ostensibly for the pretendedafrlendlyinterest in her and per purpose of validating his travel documents. suaded her to accept several dinner engage There hewastaken to a private room where ments. During these meetings, Carlotta he was questioned by two men who did not soon perceived that the Rumanian's Interest Identify themselves. After a few prelimi Wm other than friendship. He spoke at nary remarks with regard to his mi 1-tt.ary length about the loyalty she owed her native assignment, the men discussed the strained land and how much lt would serve the In relationship between the United States and terests of her family In Bucharest If she Poland, which they attributed to 'American would perform certain 11 harmless 11 favors for support of Weat Germany. The 10ldier was the Rumanian Govemm~nt upon her return then asked about USAREUR military units to Germany. Although Carlotta polltely and West Germon mf ssi lea sites. He was declined, she did accept an address to also asked ff he would be wJIIJng to "work which she should write tf she happened to for Poland" upon his retum to West Germany; change her mind. this, Itwas implied, would be to the bene fit of his grandparents whq might otherwise (U-FeU9) Carlotta left Bucharest in suffer for his lack of cooperation. When a troubled state. Despite the suave and the soldier declined the offer, he was ad courteous treatment accorded her by the monbh-ed· not to Tev«rl -the approach if he offtclal-, she feared- -for the safet-y--of her wanted to avoid endless interrogations by family in Bucharest should she refuse to CO• Armrit:an security authorities. operate with the Rumanian Government. Upon arriving home, she immedtately told (U-FOUO) Another case involved her husband about the entire matter. He, Carlotta, an erstwhtle Rumanian national in turn, reported the circ'umstances to who had married a member of the US Army Army lntelltgence. also stationed In Germany. Not long after her marriage, she received her husband's (U-FOUO~ Arrff'/ lntelltgence officen permlsston to visit her mother In Rumanla. requested and obtained the cooperation of She made appltcatton forthe necessary visa Carlotta and her husband in an effort to and wa1 directed to the Rumanian Consul deteimlne the true nature of the Rumanian's ate in London. There, she was cordially Interest. Carlotta dispatched a letter to received by a consular official and, a~er the Bucharest address, indicating her readi- 6 f DR OFFICIAL USE ONLY l 7 89 ness to cooperate. She soon received in (U-FOUO~ In resp0nse to the US structions to meet another Rumanian re charges, Nacvalac claimed that he had presentative at a given restaurant ln never been in California and had nevermet Germany at a specified time. the Instructor. The State Departmentthere upon released photographs of Nacvalac to- (U-FOU~ This representative turned getherwith the Instructor at a meeting which outtobea member of an offtctal Rumanian took place between the two men in iSan delegatlon ln West Gennany. He quickly Francisco on 14 November 1959. Nacva lac took Carlotta Into his confidence and ex subsequently left the United States. plained- that, through her husband, she could obtain certain US military info~ (U-FO~ These are but three of many tion that the Rumanian Government needed similar cases. In each, the basic techniques In order to "protect Itself against Its are similar. In the case of travel to Com enemies. 11 It was now clear that Army ln munist countries, the Intelligence services te llt gence had to deal with a bona fide learn of the scheduled arrival of their tar Rumanian tntel1lgenceoperatlon. The man get from their consulates or other diplomatic was arrested and soon admitted that he was installatlonswhich issue visas andentryper in reality a Rumanian Intelligence agent. mtts and from their border contro I. units. In He also confirmed that Carlotta had Imme other Instances, surveillanceof postal com diately become the target of this espionage munications gives them leads to ties between operation when she first applied for her their natlonals and .relatives and friends In visa at the Rumanian Consulate In London. the West. And when the target has been identified, he or she is contacted either (U-FOUO) It Is not only overwas that directly or by mat I and an effort is made to such cases arise. lnJune 1961, the United solicit cooperation by threatening the well States demanded the recall of Miroslav being of relatives or friends living under Nacvalac, a Czechoslovak delegate to the Communist control. Although there is United Nations. He was charged with little or no evidence that these threats are seeking information about the US Army ever carrted out, the mere fact that they language Schoo I l n Monterey, Ca lifomia, are made by representatives of a society from an instructor at the school who co In which such things are possible is enough operated with United States authorities In to lend them plausibtltty and give concern their investigation of the case. to those to whom they are made. In ,these cases, as in other hostile intelligence (U-FOUO) In a seriesof meetlngswlth approaches, the best solution for all con the Instructor in California, Nacvalac cerned is to report-the approach as quickly sought to obtain Information about the staff as posstble to the appropriate US agency. of the language school, the Identities of students, and thef r assignments after com .. FALSE COLORS pletlon of their language training. His lever was the fact that the rnstructor's (U-FOUO) Another variation tn :the ffancee wa1 stt 11 a rest dent of C:zechoslo techniques used by Communist inte I ligence vakia. Nacvalac fmplled that in exchange services to recruH sources of Information For the Information he desired he could be is the so-called "false-flag" approach. helpful in arranging an exit visa for her. The agent employing this approach mis- 7 FOR OFFICIAL TISE ONLY . [ J:SPr l7~ repre~nts himself and his motrves to his espionage charges and sentenced to two target. A case Involving this approach and one-half years fmp-fsonment at hard was terminated In March 1961 with the labor. arrest of Harold Borger, an American businessman, In Nuemberg, West Germany, THE DECOY on charges of esplonag• against the US Army. {U-FOUO) A derivative definition of decoy describes a person employed to invei (U-FOUO) Borger, who lived fn gle another Into a pasltfon where he may Nuernberg and dea It in the tm~rt/expart be trapped, robbed, or the ltke. Decoys in trade, came to our attention when it be one form or another are often used by hos came known that ha had visited East Ger ti le intelligence agencies. The following many and the Sovt et Un ton and, upan hil case history i I lustrates qut one use of this return, had coupled open crrticlsm of' technique. It Involves a serviceman, re Americanfort?len pallcy with praise for the ferred to as Sergeant Smith f n this account, USSR. But his approach to an Army enlist- whowasassignedto a sensftlve pasitlon with ed man was not on that basis. Instead, the Army fn West Berlin. He was a c;on,cl taking advantage of the fact that both he entfous worker of more than average intel- and the soldier were of Jewish descent, 11 gence who was trapped by a Communist Borg,r dlscuaed Israel and the merits of decoy. Zionism. When he Felt that 'rappart had been established, Borger sat d that "Israel" (U-FOUO} One evenf ng, Smfth and needed military Information and asked the a companion visited a West Berlin bar that soldier to furnish him with the details of catered chiefly to US militqry personnel. USAREUR manewars, alert plans, and mis He had previously vlsfted the bar a number sile sites, as well as Army technical manu of times and was well known to both the bar als and equipment. He said that he would personnel and clientele. During thfs visit, deliverthe information to a 11 Zioni1t11 con Smith met an attractive German gl rl named tact t n Swinerland and that it might be EIK1, whose smile Invited hfs attention. EIKI worth $600; he would also furnish the sol clafmed·to be a ballet dancer who lfved tn dier with a camera and a falH bottom West Berlin; she looked the part and thfs briefcase to facllitate acqubftion of the intr.igued .5.mit.h_. In qn effort to Impress materia·I. her, Smith told her where he worked. 1hey danced several times and Smith then drove (U-FOUO) After hii arrest, Borger her to a subway station where they parted denied any Intent of espionage or any con after arrangements had been made for a tact with a foreign -fntelllgence service·. date several days later. She obllgingly He at first maintained that he had sought Furnished Smith her home telephone number. mflftary information and materfa I only for the purpose of afdfng him In makf ng ar (U-FOUO) The date took place as rangements for the production of equipment scheduled, with Smith picking the girl up for sale to the Army. It was, however, at the same subway stotfon at which he had detennlned that he had been workfng for a previously left her. The two had drinks at

Communist intelligence service. He was a local bar, attended a Post movie1 and convf cted by a West German court on then returned to the same bar for more 8 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _r;N [)£11-~ Doc 'j _____lrin_~--- drinks. At this point. Elsa proposed that where a table was set in German fashion they attend the East Berlin opera on t~_elr with sand.vlches, hors d'oeuvres, and bot next date. Smith agreed and a date was tles of champagne, wine, and cognac. sat. Ha then drove EIsa to her subway Elsa filled several glasses and offered them station where they parted. to Smith. He admittedly drank at least two glasses of ch:Jmpagna and cognac. Smith (U-F-8Ue} Th• next day Smith made made advances to Elsa, who had previously arrangements for a pass to East Berltn, and intimated they would be permitted, but she the following evening he droveto the opera rebuffed him without explanation and sud house where he was to meet Elsa. Contrary denly-told him to leave. She accompanied to· USAREUR reg"'latlons, he wore civilian him part way to his car and then walked ·clothes. When Elsa did not appear Smith back to the apartment. Not east ly put off,

cal led hert at- the telephone number• prevl- Smith returned to the apartmeht and rang ovsly furnished. She answered, saying the doorbell, wh!ch was answered by the toot she had been delayed but wou Id be elderly woman; she told him to leave. there soon. Shortly thereafter, she arrived Smith beUeved that he heard the telephone -and saldthat hertic::keta for the State Opera ring during the conversation. dtd not entitle them to good seats; conse quently, she planned to obtain tickets at {U-FOUO} He returned to the car and another theater. They drove to the other drove to Staltn Allee, intending to return theater where Elsa absented henelf for ap to 'fl est Berltn via Brandenburger Gate. proximately 15 minutes, allegedly to ex Upon entering Staltn Allee he was stopped change the tickets. She returned and the by two East Gennan policemen and a plain two took their seats. During the perform• clothesman. The keys were Forcibly taken ance, Elsa left twice for short periods, al from the automobile and he was accused of legedly to check her coat and to go to a drunken driving. Smith reacted correctly to nearby restaurant to make reservations. the situation and demanded that he be Afterwards, Elsa and Smith went to the placed in contact with a Sovtet officer. restaurant where they ate dinner and drank A Soviet Malorarrlved 20 minutes later and champagne and cognac. During this time, asked to see his tdenttflcation card. After Elsa again briefly absented henelf on two a cursory check of the papers, the Major, occasions. They left the restaurant at mid and the plain clothesman escorted Smith to night. the Soviet Compound in Berlln-Karlshorst. He was taken to a room which appeared to (U-FOUO) The two then drove to an be an office where he was subiected to a apartment in the. East Sector near Sta Un series of questions posed by tha Major and Allee,· where one of Elsa's girl friends al- the clvt Uan. Smith refused to talk to the 1-egedly resided and where Elsa said she In civilian, stating that he would speak only tended to spend the ·night. She gave tne with Soviet officers. The clvtllan counter n~cessary directions, and they parked ap ed by stating that ha wa, a Soviet officer. proximately one and one-half blocks from the house and walked the remaining dis (U-FOUO) The questions covered the tance. The apartment house door was usual Items of name, rank, service number, opened by an elderly woman who took the unit, age, civilian background, schooling, so Idler and his date into a ltvlng room etc. When Smith refused to talk, stating 9 FOR OFFiCIAL USE ONLY

l7~2 that he was required-only to give hia name, Smith be picked up In East Berlfn. The rank, and sarvi C'3 number, the civf han, sud tra115fer to US control was made without In denly ceaaedtousethe 11 soft11 approach and cident, and Smith was allowed to take his told Smith that he was"drunk and In trou car with him. An interesting sidelight Is ble. 11 He was further advised that he waa that the car had been thoroughly searched in 11 thatr11 (Soviet) control and it would be wfthout any effort made to conceal the to his advantage 19 cooperate. ·If he re fact, although nothing had been removed fused to answer their questions, he would from the vehicle. be turned over to US authorttles who, ac cording to the civflfan Interrogator, dealt (U-FOUO) Smith's account of the harshly with personnel who were drunk and events that transpired during the time he dJsorderly and became fnvo lvedwrth author was under Soviet detention was confirmed ttTes fn East BerlJn. At this pofnt the Inter by f nvestlgatlve means. Except for provi d- rogation was taken over by another civilian 1ng lfmfted perso~ltty data on persons em who used a friendly approach. Smith was ployed tn his office, Smith conducted him asked whether he had enioyed the theater self In an exemplary fashlon whlle being perfonnance, how long he had been In Interrogated. Th9 behavior which led to Berltn, whether he 'liked the city, and hls detention was naive, but he did dtsplay whether he would like a drlnJ<. good iudgement In the sequence of events followlng his arrest. Subsequent efforts to (U-FOUO) The interrogation was then locate EIsa met with negative resu Its; a check resumed by the first civtlian who used the ofW est Berl In records produced no evidence previous threatening tactics. Thfs procedure that she resided f n the West Sector as she was repeated several times during the course clatmed. The telephone number Elsa furnished of the interrogation, which lasted from Smith waa lfsted In an East Berlin Directory. 0100 to 0930 hours. Flnally, the civilians threatened to take Smith to their superior (U-FOUOl This case illustrates not and told him this would be his last chance only the use of ~ decoy, Elsa, but also a to cooperate. This threat was not carried famlltar alternatlon of intimidation and in out, but shor.tly b~fore the Interrogation ducement fn an effort to recruit the target. was terminated the first clvi llan threatened· ln att ifk-e·lihood, Smith was. fl m s~ttec;i to turnSmfthover to the US authorities and and aaeued by a Soviet support agent--a charge him with drunken driving and un spotter-covering West Berlin ban and speclfted traffic violations In East Berltn. looking for exploitable characterweakneuas Whenthlsthreat fatledto elicit the desired in American ioldlera. It was probably re 11 response, the ctvt-llan then offered Smith ported that Smith had a sensitive aulgnment payment for hts cooperation and stated that and a habit of picking up unknown women ,. thetransactlonwouldbe kept secret. Smith In bars. The nature of hts assrgnment was refused the offer, and the interrogators ap no doubt conffnned by other spotters and a parently. conceded their chances of making file on Smith establJshed at this step of the a successful recruitment. operation. The next step was to confirm information about his habits and ther, as (U-FOUO) US authorities, ahottly sign QM attractive glrl the (ob of brf Agi_ng therea~er, received a telephone call from him to East Berlin. After she had succeeded the Soviet Kommandatura requesting that in making contact with Smith and had per- 10 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY suacfed him to meet her In the East Sector, -illegal operation. the remainder of the operation was strictly routlmt; It required only coo'rdlnatlon with (U-FOUO) lnltially, Ilona's only the police, arrangements for the apartment, task was to report on everything she could and the Immediate avallobtltty of Soviet learn concerning Carter's penonal life, tnterrogaton to exploit the hapless target. activities, .Job, habits, and associates. At the downtown apartment, the agents ASKING FOR TROUBLE lnstal led hidden microphone1 and a two-way mirror, a glass which appeara to be a mirror {U-FOUO) In the foregoing case his on the one sf de but which permits persons tory, a decoywas used to contrive a situa on the other to watch and photograph every tion in which a soldier's tndtscretton led thing going on In the room which It faces. to his being subiected to Intl midatton and pressure by a foreign lntelllganca service. (U-FOUQ Atthls stage, the c~se took But more often, as In the case of Sergeant an unusual twist. Ilona, apparently prompt Brown's financial difftculties, foreign ed by remorse or gernJI ne affection for agents attempt to exploit existing situa Carter, told him of her recruitm-ent and the tions to their own advantage. In the fot hidden microphones and two-way mirror. lowlng case, ari American serviceman's Cater', reaction was both stubbc;,m and misconduct and Incredible naivete led ul naive. He replied thQt he would continue timately to dtsloyalty, the compromise of seeing her because he still loved her, was classified Information, and his disgrace. concerned for her safety, believed the ob ject of the intelligence operation was mere (U-FOUO} Carter was assigned to a ly to keep him under surveillance, and, duty station in an Iron Curtain country. now that ha kneW of It, he could outwit the Although lfvlngwith his family at this sta agents. Whatever misgivings Ilona might tion, he entered Into an illicit love affair have entertalnedwere relegated to the back with a local glrl employed as a maid at of her mind by her infatuation with Carter his home. Despite the fact th:Jt his wife and the relattonshlp s:ontinued. discovered the affair and discharged the maid, whom we shall call Ilona, Carter (U-FOUO~ Not longafterthlseplsode, continued to maintain the relationship at Ilona told Carter that she was again preg a downtown apartment. nant. After somedtscreet tnq~irles, a doc tor was found who was wtlling to perform (U-FOUO~ ltwasnot long, af course, the second abortion. Then, shortly a~er before the affair came to th9 attention of the operat1on, Carter arrived at the apart the intelltgence seJVlce of the counhy. ment to ft~d two poltcemen and an lntellt Th·e agenh assigned to the case further genceagent awaiting him. They fmmedtate learned that Ilona h::1d become pregnant ly confronted htm with the evidence of his and ha·d undergone an rllegal abortton. misconduct and vlolatfon of the laws of They contacted IIona and encountered little their country; ho-Never, they said he could dtffteulty In recruiting her for an lntellt avoid exposure and prosecution by render gence operation to be mounted against Ing "certain services." After several hours Carter. The cards were all on their side; of threats, abuse, and detatls of their evi her alternative was a prison term for the dence, Carter agreed to cooperate. He 11 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ·

l ~Co I 05 ~ f-b r 1Qsar Jet.f-/4 later told US counterfntelltgence agents A LOADED HANDBAG that he was so frightened at the time that he would have done or safd anything Iust to (U-FOUO) Another case Illustrates get a-Nay from hfs captors. the constant surveillance to whtch person nel stationed In Communist coun~ries are (U-FOUO~ Carter's treasonable re .. sublected by hostile tntelltgence tn an latfonshlp with the Iron Curtain country effort to detect any aspect of their con continued throughout the remainder of his duct which ma be ex lofted. It al-, - tourandcame to llghtonly after Ilona liod fled· to a free country arid confessed her fnte'llrgenceactlvitre1 to authorities there. (b)(?)(E) In the follow-up, Carter was taken Into cuatody and confessed his complicity. He admitted that followtng his coerced re cruitment. he had m-at 35 times wfth enemy agents and had furnished thttm both clas sifted and unclassffted Information pertafn ing to US milrtary personnel andactfvities. He also admltted th::it he was glven gener ous sums of money for his cooperation and that prior to rotating to the United State1 he was instructed to apply for duty In anotherforelgn country. Ilona's disclosures, however, put an end to his treasonable activitf es and to his mllttary career.

(U-FO.UO) The sordid tactics used &y b1 the Communist agents to entrap Carter and use his own misconductasa meansofblack mailfng him into committing treason were not unusual. But another aspect of this case was·also··o~·concem to Army-security personnel. This was Carter'sfaflure to re port to his superlon Ilona's disclosure of the enemy action berng conducted against htm. Seldom clo the targets of a hostfle Intelligence operation have such an oppor tunity. Ordtnarlly, thevlctim has no Ink ling of the trap being set for him untll It is sprung. Had Carter reported Ilona's disclosures promptJy, he might well have spared himself the mental anguish and the seriou1 coruequences that followed.

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Page(s) 96

IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 (U-FOUO) Tha romance which ap peared harmless enough went along smooth ly until one day Paul announced that his work required moving to West Berlin. Nevertheless, the two lovers agreed to re main in close touch with one another by mail and telephone. The relationship con• tinued In this fashion for some tJme untl I Eleanor received a telephone call from West Berlin from an lndtvfdual claiming to be a friend of Paul's. The caller advised b1 Eleanor that Paul had been serfously in Jured and was hospltaU~ed In East Berlin. Eleanorwasthoroughly shaken by this news and decided to go to East ·Berltn to see ~i Pau I at once. (U-FOtJO) At the hospital In East BerUn, Eleanor was ushered to Paul's room where she found htm lylng bandaged In bed. At the end of the vfslt, Paul handed Eleanor a package with a roll of film which he asked her to deliver to the landlord of · his West Berlin apartment. Eleanor took the film when she left. But immediately MR. MATA HARi upon leaving the hospital, she was accost.. ed by East German Pollce, who confiscated (U-FOUO) It Is not only the malewho the package. Before taking her to head is the target of hostile lntelllgence agen quarters, they permitted Eleanor to ut• cies. There have been a number of cases Paul again for a moment, When she told wherein unwary women have also Fallen hfm what hcid happened, Paul appeared to into a snare· ·carefuHy -prepared.. by·hostt-le· -be- greatly perturbed and stated that the agents. The followlng summary describes incident would cause him a great deal of one such case. trouble because he was worklngfor a West " ern intelltgence agency. (U-FOUO) An American secretary, referred to here as Eleanor, was employed (U-FOUO) Eleanor was then taken to in the office of a US Government agency an East Berlfn poltce station and shortly located In West Germany. One day at an thereafter turned over to a Soviet official. American club, Eleanor met an attractive The latter explafned to her that she and male, Paul N., who claimed to be a Paul were In great trouble becauso the naturalf:a::ed US citizen. For Eleqnor, It ftlm found on her person contained pictures wasa case of love at first sight and she and of various f tems of East German military Paul began dating each other. equfpment. Turning a deaf ear to Eleanor's protestations of Innocence, the Soviet l4 pofnted out the severe penalties that could be applied to both of them as a consequence of this matter. When it appeared that Eleanor was sufficiently shaken by this in b1 formation, the Soviet dropped his harsh attitude andadopted a softer tone. He told Eleanor that h9would be willing to arrange • for her and Paul's release if she would (U) Kelly was eventually rotated to agree to obtain for him copies of coded US the United States, but after a few months cables between her office In West Germany he·was returned to his former stat.ion. He • and the United States. Eleanor agreed. meta girl, and after they had known each Before leaving, however, she was reminded other for a while, she ,asked him to her that Paul would suffer ff she failed to keep . apartment to meet another girl, listen to her part of the bargain. some nfNI records and enjoy a drirk. He and another man did visit the apartment (U.-FOUO) Fortunately for herself as and, after drinking heavfly, Kelly took well as her country, Eleanor suppressed her one of the girls i•nto the bedroom. feelingsforPaul, went straight to her supe riors, and reported the entire affair. Short ly thereafter, she learned from US invest l igators that she had been duped. The case jnvesttgatfon disclosed .that. Paul was in actua ltty a Soviet agent and the Soviet I official who had interrogated her was a 'known Soviet intelligence offlcer who only a ff!ltN years earlier had been expelled from the United States for. espionage activities. (e) I

THE 11 DOCTOR~D 11 PHOTOGRAPH

(U) The follow..fng case illustrates the sordid lehgths •to which hostile eiplonage bl services are prepared to go to pntrap their .,, target. It Involved an Ainedcan who was· .the victim of a plot that altowed Commy- nist agents to blackmail him for a weak- ~ ness he didn't have. ,~ L.

~c USA I)c)e-- L{ posal to entice, compromise, or intimi date prospective targets. In the Kelly case, i.t i1 apparent that, unknown to himself, his every move was under obser vation. To accomplish such surverllance, agents are assisted by a horde of domestl c and public servantswho have been through ly indoctrinated to regard every foreigner as a spy and to report a 11 movement of For eigners to the poltce. The regular police in turn pass the lnformatJon on to the secret or security police for further exploltatlon. b1 (U-FOUO) Whether the -doctor and the girls willingly took part in the Kelly case conspiracy ls immaterial. The secret police needed their cooperation; they had no alternative. Enlisting 11 cooperatlonu of any citixen in an intelligence operation, however sordid, poses no problem in the Communist countries. Open refusal to co operate might have very unpleasant con sequences for any citizen.

{e) I

(U-FOUO~ The firat and most signif icant factor to be ca,sidered in this case fs the·farmore favorable climate for Com munist espionage operations that exist be hind the Iron Curtain. In conducting es pionage operations against US personnel stationed within or traveling through their countries, Commun Ists have unlimited facilities ahd oppartunities at their dis- 16

\.~l99 Best Copy AvaiJab]e

'.: I ' II

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' t .}

Fig\jre 3. (UNCLASSIFIED-FOR OFFICIAL USE 01-~L:Y) Confessed Informants of hostile intelligence services who were companions.of.U.S. military personnel (U). I ( ' b1 f •' L--~------____J i \ 11 I ·1 f I { I

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93 ..

Ftgure 4. (UNCLASSIFIED---FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLV) General view of test area showing photographic targets ranging from 200 feet to lij miles (U).

TELESCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHY {U)

(U-FOUe) Figures 4 through 9 actual sh!e, It Is easily read. The model show the capabllittes of telescopic cam -Identification (Figure 6) on the front fen eras to clandestinely photograph docu derof an automobt le (8) parked 1,500 feet ments, material, and personnel with un .. away ts east ly dlscemfble. An Out ;,f usual clarity, even at great distances. Bounds sign (Figure 7) on the golf course Figure 4 depicts the general eye--vlew as ~ 3,000 feet CftNay stands out clearly. seen from a second story window, of a In Figure -8, high magnification shows parking area, an adlacent ml litary post, workmen repairing a street lamp in the a golf course, and across an estuary, a publtc park (D), a mile and a half a,,ay. public park. Using a telescopic lens, a This view ts beyond the capabl llty of the close-up photograph was taken of a 2 11 x human eye. Figure 9 was shot at a dis-· 3¼" parking permit (Figure 5) fastened to tance of 1,500 feet and shows hON clearly the windshield of an automobile (A) 200 printed matter can be photographed at feet away. Reproduced at more than long distances. FOR OFFICIAL HSE ONLY 21 l~ iCbL, H-u -1 q -s 8t ~o*r ( Best copy Available

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Figure 5. (UNCLASSIFIED--FGR 9FFIGJ:ltcl-1::1Sf.8Nl¥) •A11--Parldn9 permft mc,unted on automobile wlndshJeld photographed at 200 feet (U).

Figure 6. (UNClASSIFJED~-$QR OFFICIAb l:JSE 0Nb¥~ 11 8"--Model tdentfftcation name on fender of automobile photographed at a distance of 1,500 feet (U). 22 FOR -OFFICIAL HSE -ONLI

104 Figure 7. (UNCLASSIFIED-FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL't) 11 C11 -Golf Co"rse sign photo graphed at 3,000 feet (U).

f.igure 8. (UNCLASSIFIED-FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY) 11 D11 --Matntenance truck photographed at a distance of I~ ml les (U) • 23 .FOR OFFICIAL USE 9NLY l ~ 1P5 ! D ~ -- I-{~- -,.l~ 'Sif( Best Copy Available

camera loaded wlth Infrared fflm and Infra red flash bulbs which he cannot detect. In secure areas where ft wouldbe drfftcult for a photographer to take· pfctures unobseaved, It may be possible to set up camera equip ment which can be triggered by Infrared. Any movement f n the area, therefore wou Id automatrcally, and unwittingly, photograph Itself.

Figure 9 {Ul'JCLASSIFIED) Man and news paper photographed ot a drstance of 500 yards. (U) b1

= Ie lesccpt c leosea; Cameras equipped with telescopic lenses have produced Iden~ tiflableplcturesofpenons two miles distant from the camems. These same lenses can be used to photograph cbcuments lying unpro tected on desk tops byagents situated out sf de the buJ ldJng In a position permittrng llne-of-slghtobseavatfon throughawfndow. (See Figures. 4 through 9).

= Infrared: Development of ftlm, sen .. sFtlve to Infrared, has enhanced the abtllty of foreign agents to take pictures surreptf tfously. Pictures can be taken at night by lllumlnatlng an area with Infrared. If the target person fs In a room In which there rs a two-way mirror, his activities can be photographed through the mirror by using a

/ Ds--1--1 Q ~ l 16fl 'i-e,t.fi 6 who wl 11 one day cause a new war and "force American boys to lay down their lives In thelrinterests11 and by provocative alluatons to alleged German ingratitude, arrog,:ince, and unrellability. Following a lengthy recitation of alleged German fai ltngs, the leaflet closed with an appeal to servicemen to wrtte their Congressmen and to the White House to protest West b1 German rearmament. S·lgnlficantly, wHh respectto their origin, the leaflets didnot protest Soviet arming of Communist East German forces.

b1 {U) But in these publrcations a dif ferent tone Is noted. While they too attack "Hitler's Generals" and contain a

. .• Der, Besatser a .Oita!• dlffes Probl•• hciben wit auf ...... ,. Alt schon llnpt gelhl.•

Figure 24. (U). Antt.:.U~ cartoon in March 1962 Issue qf 11 Kaseme" magaxlne. (U) 47 Best Copy Available

I u~ ,as-Ha- 1q ss1 ~Ltl&, Best Copy Available

generous dose of anti-US and antf-NATO propaganda, there is no mention of the German Ingratitude, arrogance, and un rellabl lity so prominently alleged In the "Fel-fow American" leaflets. No Indeed. ' rnstead, lt is the Amerf can serviceman who Is pictured as unreliable and arrogant arid t an immoral, roistering bully as well. Figure 24 is a cartoon which appeared In the March 1962 Issue of "Kaserne. 11 The cartoon refers to a Soviet program for "Ellmlnation of the Differences in the Living Standards between Crttes and Rural Areas" and shows the Communist version of how American servicemen are allegedly themselves implementlngsucha program in the country town of Baumholder in West Germany. Typically, the sorvfc:emen pictured In the cartoon are referred toas 11 "Fhe Occupier", a term Itself calculated to arouse German resentment, and pictured as destructive, drunken rowdies who have brought only the most dlstasteful elements Figure 23. (U) Propaganda intended to of city life to the country town. The convince West German soldiers that US caption reads: "Okay. We've already soldiers are unrelfable. (U) solved the problem In our own way. 11 is the sad balance the American Army (U) Ff gure 25 1-s a reproduction of an leadershfp was forced to .draw from the article and Illustration which appeared in Korean war. u the February 1962 Issue of" Soldatenfreund" under the tit le "G 1--Kannst du kaempfen?11 (U) In Asia, too, Communist pro or 11 G 1,. Can you Elgbt? It re£ers. to an paganda- -attempts- to defame- -and discredit American pub"llshed book pertafoing to the American serviceman In the eyes of the beh-:Jvior of Ametfcan prisoners lnthe allied troops. At Fl9ure.s26 and 27 are two Korean .conflict and by innuenc;lo extends e-xamples of AsfQn Communist propaganda. the misconduct of a few to the entire US They are North Korean leaflets which were Army. To further dfstort the account and dropped from the air. over South Korea In , stress to the- West G.erman soldier the September 1962. Intended for the eyes of alleged unreliability of his ally, the the South Korean soldfer, they seek to tum Am1ttrliean so·I dier, the artfcle concludes hlmagalnst his Amerfcanallies by arousing with 'the statement: 11 A collapse of dfs feelings of resentment and hate. Figure26 cfpltne and morale, cowardice, lack of pictures a South Korean soldier on sentry comaradeship, physical softening, andthe duty In foul weatherwhl le American officers inability to adapt to battlefield situatlons are shown entertaJnlng themselves safely In and to primitive Uvlng condltions--that thelrclubwlthanabundanceof food, drink, 48 · ,..,, . ,Best Copy Available 1 ~f.::·.,~ : , ,;-·,:..-.t. ,:;.~r• r;i(irf;~,~~~ ~. •'-·•· .~. •• ,,,.,•~f • \:;ii~ I ~(ii" 0 .... ____ and femJntno companionship. The essence r 1iji,,-ya~iw1 oF the caption ts- "whtle we work they I r,t)1. ~~---.. ~-"'.. ~~ ploy ... (U) Figure 27 .depJcts the 11 Ugly American·" and distorts a series of actual or alleged Incidents In which American .., servicemen have been Involved In South Korea. Thb leaFlet is a graphic example of the mariner in which the Communists. re peatedly dredge up i59lated, uncommon tn stancesof misconduct or accidents in which American soldiers have been Infrequently hwo·lved· and serva them up as typi-cal of the behavior of all US service personnel.

{U) Anot~r leaflet in this series is -shown at Figure 28. It pictures a group of South Koreans carrying all of their port able possessions and travaltng down a Figure 26. (U) North Korean propaganda Korean road. The text describes them as 11 re I hig~-ltvi_ng' American offf cen (U) refugees from the "Yankee invaden and

•· . !t-.· ·_ ....c.

i .,. ·_ ·.. ••. : ·. ~-: . .

F.lgura27. (U) North Korean cartoon showing tbe "Ugly Amertcan11 In Korea. {U) 49 vs·~ Best Copy Available .,,.. .. ., ...... •

I ~.x ;ij;cl..tl ~.. :i•lJl..!f./ ~ -·- .t-__~~ __... _ -f~ .Aj=,) I«~ ... ~., .a) 4tl-,l ~ 1,i1-i- -ff)~ ¾l'tt ~~l-s:t-~ I ... _ _ ------=-~~L...,M ~:i -t~~-:._ Figure 28. {U) Communist leaflet urging South. Koreans to turn their guns on Amerl cans. (U)

as the parents, wives, and children of cfNI published official organ of the USSR. South Korean soldier, who are urgedto It shows an Amerf can soldier on duty with turn the Ir guns on the Amert cans and res an American Mrlitary Assistance Group In cue their suffering faml lies. The Commu an Asian country and suggests that the nlst orlgfn of this sentfmentts evidenced native soldier whom he ts training shouJd by Figure 29 which appeared in the col turn his weapon on the American. II 11 umns of the newspaper Pravda, a M.os04 . ii -.:.....IICIIOll 1111-. OCIIUllllllOI uep.--iai .,_,., llllCDdffllP)'ean ....,.....IIC1f~ c-, ~. ori-... Callllrrw - - lllolDTJIIUft" IIJIOIII• -=- -•- •Q01IJI081nellelli

Figure 29. (U) Cartoon in Soviet newspaper "Pravda" with turn-your-gun-on-the Amerf can tht9me. (U) 50 .,,,TuO~-C ___;;__lJSA. ______Tt;Llf:_..;... ______~_ c:J\f12~"."'..----~---~---==------l OS- HQ- lq587 $-edll (U} Figure 30 Is another example of serviceman is involved and distorting or this theme. It Is a reproduction of a pro magnifying the incident to somehow blame paganda leaflet prepared by the Communist all Americans For the Incident or picture 11 Vlet Cong" Insurgents in Vietnam which lt as typical of Americans. Every auto was found In the vicinity ot an American mobile accident, every street Incident, Air Base In South Vietnam in January every bar brawl, every shooting of an .., 1963. The scene shows marching Vietna unknown Intruder by an American sentry, mese led by an Individual carrying a every unfortunate incident involving an "Viet Cong" flag who is trampling overa American soldier, no matter where the figure clothed as an American officer and fault lies, is depicted In Communist and representing the American Military Assist Communist-oriented newspapers and pub ance Group In that country. lications throughout the world as the fault .of. -the soldier .and .. the..result of his a.l.lege.d (U) Another type of Communist hate anogant, callous attitude toward the local propaganda ls addressed not to allted populace. troops but to the local p0pulace In areas where Amert can units are stationed through ce'> I out the world. This propaganda seeks to incite the local populace against the pre sence of American troops by sei:z.ing upon every Incident in which an American b1

• (U-FOUO) A recent example of this type of Communist propaganda came to light in September 1962 when USAREUR forces were the target of a direct attack mounted by the underground Communist Party In the rural communities surrounding an American training area. In May, a minor water contamination had occurred when USAREUR troops dug latrines in an 51 Best Copy Available

\ )'SA ;2/~133 I OS--/--I G - tqs& /4-e.c .. f /( area that furnished water to one of the communities. This occurrance becam4t known to the local press and public, but contacts between Army representatives and local authorities alleviated the worst aspectsofthepubllc relations problem and measures were tnltl~ted to _prevent a re petition of the happenlr,g. However, when In September another USAREUR unit 111ft ..IUIIOelt lit la pll'P ft'Mr I .... ~-·•.U.... '-'llnlillla ,.._ ...... again lna9Vertently dug latrlnes near the lrillmN...-U- l• CIPl..,.aA - r.-.. •• VS- publtc water supply, the Communists 1---,.llllffa ff...... I ZII • 11tl4n-.... lltd ~ !Sllll• ul U1 ,_ promptly produced and distributed a leaf ... ·-...... - • ., "'"''· ea. let which attacked the 11 deltberate" dis ...... a..u- ...... u._..,a...------,ua--.-••-•---- regard for th, rights and rnterest of the . .,,,,, ...,,, "' .. ,,., , 11 Jlte tua141 1111111Upa·- u U-....lalnl. •4al IU~ civil populatlonexhlbltedby the occupa •t• u. __.,... _. ,u :Jln llttsla .,..,....~ uto- tlon troops. 11 The leaflet f s shown at u.na, ...... _, Ill ,a I04 - U. ll'lt.... lur-. IUlllt 11M taaa.l - ...... Ug UHft ...... SM1 Figure 31. It pl.ctures an occupied prlvy ...... , II 11 ,_, ..... -···" 11• ._,...... 1r1..... la he led Amis, German slang for Ameri .... ffl&M&td'•INale ...... '"'""-"' ..., -- cans, directly connected to a household ...... 11111 --~--..- 1\1 IUUill' 'Na 14- ... lalllnf.• '!Iii ...... I I cookpot. The leaflet is signed KPD, an abbreviation for the illegal German Com munist Party. Figure 31 • {U) Communist claim of US (U-FOUO) lf1. Italy, when Army 11 deltberate11 disregard for interests of the authorities introduced use of the poly German people. (U) graph, the II lie detector, 11 in an effort to halt a wave of thievery at Camp Darby, paganda openly attributed to Communist the Communist preu vo¢1ferously protested sources, they Indulge tn fraud and forgery the use of this Investigative aid on Italian of documents which purport to be of offl employees at theCamp. Ina f9ur-column cial western origin. arttcle publrshed In II l'Unita, 11 the leading Communist newipapei', it was charged that ·(l:J) In November 1962 ~ ·a seFi es- -of use of the machine on Italians was only d forged letters were mat led to the mayors smoke screen to dl'dW Qttentlon from the of over 20West German communities in an fact that the Americans themselves were effort to disrupt German-Amert can re-lat Iems. the "biggest thieves. 11 (See Figure 32}. The letters, shown at Figure.33·were typed on the stationary of the US Army Head (U) As we have seen, however, the quarters Area Command and signed by Communists do not always Identify them Colonel Nathaniel R. Hoskot, Command' selves by their signature or by publrcatton ing. Their text advised _the mayon that ln their newspapen and magazines c;:1• tht;t their communities lay rn an area wht.ch was source of theiro.wn propaganda. Frequent soon to be the scene of a maj9r manewer. ly, In order to give their charges more In an Impertinent tone, the lett~r directed authenticity and to avoid the skepticism tf that in the interests of public safety during not disbeltef which often attaches to pro- the supp0sed ma newer, West German 52 FDR OFFICIAL USE ONIJ ~il13-.c. ____.:;:;..._ ____1:t)....;._c___. _yi.,______:c2tU4 ____!_lOS-:::::..:·=----HQ-= - 11581 kct-f(o Best Copy Available pelET JflNIIWI 21 alacu IHI • Pq. I f'...... ·-·· --·-- - -xceac1.·aiio""aV~oiilttr~~• LlYOrnO. I lovoratorl ilolionl di ~camp Darby, sollopull alla ••ccl,lna dello ,rerila L'inc:Mlo trattamento lnffitto clalle a~torltl U.S.A. - Castreld a llmlara una dlchlanzlone con la quale alfCll'lllano di essenl sottopostl al trattamento volonlarlamente c percM sospettatf di furto " '·t. ,.., ~ .: ... ,', .. ·, ,.-,. ..

Figure 32. (U) Communist press attack on US Army use of lte-detector. (U)

civi Iians were to stay off the streets and to stop all work In fields and forests.

(U-FOU8) Althoughsuch a command pagancla charge against the United States had at one time existed under Colonel and Americans stationed or traveling Hoskot's command, it had been elf miliated abroad •. Newspapen Jn the Sovfet Bloc in an April 1958 reorganbation and regularly charge them with being spies Colonel Hoskot had been long since re and Communist newspapers elsewhere i ust assigned. This propaganda plot was there as regularly follow suit. One purpose of fore quickly countered tn a prompt press such charges is the famf liar effort to dis campaign which warned that other ·com credit the United States and Americans.Jn munities might also receive these Com the eyes of the unsophlsti coted. But of munist forgeries. However, had the Com equal lmp0rtance to the Communist are the munists not chosen a nonexistent head related purposes of detracting attent-lon quarters in this instance, the confusion from -the world-wide army of Communist might have been consfderable. agents and tsolating the peoples of the Communist empire from contact with. Ameri (U-FOU~ Another h:istance of Com can travelers and offtclals. munist black propaganda, but with an un usual twist, came to light in 1961. It ln b1 vo lved a favored Communist co Id war pro- T Best Copy Available

HUDQUAITIIIHIADQUAITllf AUA COIU14ND • ' ' fllAUQUAITau • IJ'\Hln '-Ulh _..._, WSINO• ...... Ullt ...... , H!Al>QUAITIH Alli COIIMAN1> "•••••• .. •ru•-..••---11 .,.,.uu• .. ,., ... ,.,.... '-"'••• ,.,... ..,.,., .. •naau .. ,.., • . ••tt ,.. _,, ...... , t11, .. , ...... , ....~ ...... '"' Ill • 11,,H,o . .

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Figure 33. (U) Forged US documents intended to disrupt community relations. (U)

leading c~echoslovak newspaper, "Red (U) That morning al I maior c~echos Truth (Rude Pravo)" carried a three--co lumn, lovak dailies had front-page stories re front page story headltned "Directive for garding publication of the documents by Espionage Activities of Military Attaches "Red Truth. 11 The C%echoslovak news of the United States. 11 At first glance this aaency, CTK, carried a lengthy dispatch looked like .iust another of many such describing the "Red Truth" publication on artf cles. But there was a difference. At its English language European wire. The the heart of the article were two classf ... fol lowing day, "Red Truth" and II People's fted· -OACSI-,0-eparfment of ·the Army Defense (Obtana Lidu)-" were the orfly letters containing guidance to Army Czechoslovak newspapers to mention the Attaches for their ·relations with Soviet story, but by this time War!t:N1 1s II People's .. orbit officials, (See Figure 34). Backed Tr{bune (Trybuna Ludu) 11 and Sofia's by photographs of the compromised SECRET 11 People' a Army ( Norodna Arm la)" had letters, the story enlarged upon their picked up the article. It translation with the usual Communist em broidery. 11 Red Truth" did not reveal how or whe·re rt .had obtained the letters, ex cept to mention, cryptically: 11 The texts of the secret directives have recently been b1 placed at our disposal. 11

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(U) But the cbcuments were not men t.foned agal n In Prague newspapers. Ex cept for the stories mentfoned above, other Sate I ltte newspapers made only slight men tion of them. Surprfslngly, the Russian press Ignored it. Most western newspapers, b1 after receiving the CTK release, treated the story as another hoax or dismissed it completely.

b1 ...

56 T -=twez_c_ _ __J::c~')-=e--=-'={---+- ______,_,,a,'--'--'a~o 138 ~~----=[--=-Q;-=-----=K--=Q=----____,,_lq....;..._s.....;g;...., -"'S=--~-"'-cf:'-=--) _Co II V

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(U) A third type of Communist pro paganda directed against the Army is some times gddressed to American servicemen (81 / themselves in an effort to subvert their morale and resolve. Since 1961 when the American garrison in West Berlin was re lnforcedasa result of another crisis in that Cold War hot spot, the East Berlin Com munist radio has been broadcasting each night at 2300 hours a special program In tended for personnel of the US Berlin Com • mand. Styling itself the real 11 Votce of Information and Education, 11 the station transmits a program of recorded popular music and Features a sultry-foiced female announcer and ma le commentators who 11 analy:,;:e 11 the situation in Berlin.

(U) Among frequent references to home, mother, and sWeethearts, the pro gram emphasl::z:es the paradox of Amert cans protecting Berlin when their fathers fought JKRet 57 the Germans on their way to Berlin in from the begtnnlng1 Foertsch, Chief of 1945. The language is reminiscent of the West German forces and a war criminal. "Fellow American" leaflet previously shown. A typf ca I commentary w ht ch was (U) "There are many more of these monitored on 5 December 1961 went as birds, but they are top NATO men now, follows; and that puts those convoys from here to Helmstedt under their command. They (U) 11 There was a day Tn 1945 when particularlywant war. And now theythink American armor was stabbing up towards they can give old Adolf1 s ghost those old BerlJn. Behind the armor, the tired foot territories he wanted: Poland, Czechos soldiers of the US Army were catching lovakia, the whole of Europe in fact. But hell' on the main road. One guy, a this time they will let Master Sergeant corpora I, let us call him Billy Smathers, Bi I ly Smathers and a few mi I Iron other •••. (worda indTstlnct) •••• the p0c:kets of Americana do the dirty work for them." the SS with their burp guns. The damned 88 made the road to Betit n look ltke a ·(U) Another Instance of this kind of hellish fireworks dJsplay. propaganda Ts pictured at Figure 35. It is an Engltsh language article addressed to (U) "The Russian soldiers were catch the 11 Boy1 from USA 11 which appeared in ing the same kind of hel I moving toward the 26 August 1961 i,qua of the East Berlln 11 Berltn from the other direction. That was newspaper, BZ am Abend. II In the Insert . 16 years ago. The Russians made It, the immediately to the right of the English Americans made It, even old Corporal language text Is a German translation of Smathers made It. it. But, curiously enough, this specimen confirms the duplrcfty of Communist pro- (U) ''Well, today Corporal Smathers paganda. Whereas the English text Is rn on that same road, Helrnstedt/Berlln, addressed to Americans and defames West 110 ml les. But ltsten to this: The guys Germany, the German language caption who are commanding Corporal Smathers-- Immediately below the photograph of the incidentally he is a master sergeant now, US soldlen and equipment is intended for but his top commanders are the same.... German readers and slanders United States {lnqlstlncfl ••• ;burp guni artd· ·88'1 1har-·· -~rt-,es In Berltn. It reads: "On the border made Smathers think he was llvfng In hell at the intersection of Friedrlchstrasse and back there in 1945. Zlmmerstrasse, the Americans graphically demonstrate that they will permit self {U) 11 Now, do you think I am out of determination by the German people only my mind when I say the same Nazi com as a farce under USA bayonet1. Ad•nauer manders are commanding Master Sergeant and Brandt dispute which of them first called Smathers today? Wall, listen to this: US for Yankee tanks, which of them is the most forces In WestG-rmany are part of NATO loyal menial of the USA. 11 Reference to forces. Among top NATO dogs are Gene the two personalities is to theChancellor ra ls Heustnger, he planned all Hitler's ln of West Germany and to the mayor of. West vaslons; Speidel, he was badly whipped in Berltn, respectively. the Soviet Union but shot a lot of hostages in France; Kammhuber, an old Na:::r:i man 58

lOS~HQ l l 0 d~~ ----~------=-=:...... -~-----~ l95~ ~eC'-t (!Z)/

..._ ...... =.:.·· ...... -...-=.=--~ ...... ,,::!:-· b1 ==--c.~.:=.::r.--.. --~.,-- Boys hom USAI

••• · .• · ,:,,- ,t • .c 1,;oi:m•ca 111 tbe U;A 1 1 J •• .- ~ 1 l ,..- ~, • ~ :• r. f.V1 t ,t ~r,y9' """• sep.ro&, .. tN- r·a:- ~"'I·., 1"•, ,• ~ , :.•.•r," 1 ta :, '"Jr t.C&~ t<'O lons 1 TI!• • :-:i ·lit.-.· !• ...... ·.~ , ··••: • ·., ..... !;1vt1- r•nltfl'S la op" Figure 35. (U) American soldlen in Berlln 1•:.o:. •: •\ ..,. :.-l •, .,,,. •• ,. .1r.t,.. :aaone th• uotmue. l\•"r- '\ •• :---:,•,r. t : . , • I" • · .l" '•"' ,..,.r,.~ u1 ~r.4 ~It tb•la:- d....S.a s.landered In Red press. (U) tr-r u ·.• • ,... ·.~. t ~.• • : ;,_,. t•t,. • I I'., :••.:_.111'3 111 ,'llo!ll1>1erd llllli tllal' M~• .. rt-.,11,I ·~· ,[ • ' ~ -, •'l"T' ·- t .• , ...... , alN'lllY nl'fl'l wt.• tlle e:-1~ .... ·, ::'•• .. ;.••• 1,r~ "' ,:· • "'l.Jlr!•.tf\1 1.:-Un. U a NAult aoat ot rh•,: ,,,.,.. l --ec ·Jr•.t •:1••: tr'>, t1.•{r jo\:11 w llwe ftlftN4 (U) Another example of propaganda in"!"i••,•:•• l ,,&. .. .:. addressed tc American service personnel"' :~ !" ,,:,1~ ~vn r!'..,t i..-11r....s, a 11n111 u,.. 11• 4u• 10 r••·• .:P h'i• ;i,f' r~"I •.-,•,· 1, .. rn1c11:..t wltk aott•!!UI or tll• and of undoubted Communist origin ts 1:1. ·•.... re 1r tll• :-.••--r ar.4 nttaa.i poll~ •M.1111 l-94:, i.ii~t:•\ t< 11:Y A::"l'l "f\r, i<'~•r-lc t llcw .. lmow tu.II U 40-•11 pictured at Figure• 36. Headed 11We Want Th• caU -ip Qt ....~••• ue. 1IION.. i .. th• - of Outl" and signed "Soldiers on Guardof 1al-li<'ru 111 ;.,:u.q att "1Yi4 euapl•• at th• lack or r..itaa ei:4 l"i-1\t =-clle4• :tlr.

..,

62 DISTRIBUTION

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IAGPA-CSF Form 6-R 1 Sep 93