Diagnostico Regional De Suelos Abandonados Con Potencial Presencia De Contaminantes”
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
SURNAMES in CHILE a Study of the Population of Chile Through
Page 1 of 31 American Journal of Physical Anthropology 1 2 3 SURNAMES IN CHILE 4 5 A study of the population of Chile through isonymy 6 I. Barrai, A. Rodriguez-Larralde 2, J. Dipierri 1, E.Alfaro 1, N. Acevedo 3, 7 8 E. Mamolini, M. Sandri, A.Carrieri and C. Scapoli. 9 10 Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università di Ferrara, 44121- Ferrara, Italy 11 1Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, 4600 – San Salvador De Jujuy, 12 13 Argentina. 14 2 15 Centro de Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Genetica Humana, IVIC, 1020A -Caracas, 16 Venezuela. 17 18 3Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Santiago, Chile 19 20 21 Running title: Surnames in Chile 22 23 24 25 26 Correspondence to: 27 Chiara Scapoli 28 Department of Biology and Evolution 29 30 University of Ferrara, 31 Via L. Borsari 46, - I-44121 Ferrara, Italy. 32 Telephone: +39 0532 455744; FAX: : +39 0532 249761 33 Email: [email protected] 34 35 36 Number of text pages: 15 37 Literature pages: 4 38 39 Number of Tables : 2 40 41 Number of Figures: 7 42 43 44 KEYWORDS : Chile, Population Structure, Isonymy, Inbreeding, Isolation by distance 45 46 47 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors are grateful to the Director of the Servicio Electoral de la 48 49 Republica de Chile Sr. Juan Ignacio Garcia Rodríguez, who made the data available, and to Sr. 50 51 Dr.Ginés Mario Gonzalez Garcia, Embajador de la Republica Argentina en Chile. The work was 52 supported by grants of the Italian Ministry of Universities and Research (MIUR) to Chiara Scapoli. -
[email protected].: Tacora/Rev
[email protected].: Tacora/rev: 18 de noviembre, 2009/24 de abril, 2011/19 de mayo, 2011/05 de mayo, 2013/10 de marzo, 2014/07 de mayo, 014/l28 de diciembre, 2015/26 de junio, 2016 [email protected].: Tacora/rev: 18 de noviembre, 2009/24 de abril, 2011/19 de mayo, 2011/05 de mayo, 2013/10 de marzo, 2014/07 de mayo, 014/l28 de diciembre, 2015/26 de junio, 2016 LA INDUSTRIA AZUFRERA, EL ANDARIVEL Y EL FERROCARRIL DE TACORA por: Ian Thomson N. ÍNDICE 1. Introducción y conclusiones. 2. Los inicios de la explotación del azufre en Chile. 3. La importancia crítica de los costos de transporte. 4. La explotación del azufre del Tacora y los orígenes del Ferrocarril. 5. El tráfico del Ferrocarril, el personal y la rentabilidad. 6. El trazado y la infraestructura del Ferrocarril. 7. El Ferrocarril de Tacora después de su cierre. 8. La red de andariveles. 9. El material rodante ferroviario. Recuadro 1: El de Aucanquilcha: otro ferrocarril azufrero en altura Recuadro 2: La Asociación para la Conservación de las ex-azufreras y del Ferrocarril de Tacora Referencias seleccionadas El autor es, por profesión, un economista dedicado a temas de transporte. Además, durante largos años, ha sido activo en las áreas de la conservación y del estudio de la historia de sistemas de transporte, especialmente los ferroviarios. Promovió, a principios de la década de 1980, la formación de la Asociación Chilena de Conservación del Patrimonio Ferroviario, sirviendo como su presidente durante unos diez años, con breves intervalos. -
Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000 - 2004 Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000 - 2004
Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000 - 2004 Statistical Synthesis of Chile 2000 - 2004 Central Bank of Chile AUTHORITIES OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF CHILE (At 31 December 2004) CENTRAL BANK BOARD VITTORIO CORBO LIOI Governor JOSÉ DE GREGORIO REBECO Vice-Governor JORGE DESORMEAUX JIMÉNEZ Board Member JOSÉ MANUEL MARFÁN LEWIS Board Member MANAGERS MARÍA ELENA OVALLE MOLINA Board Member EDUARDO A RRIAGADA CARDINI Communications MABEL CABEZAS BULLEMORE Logistical Services and Security CECILIA FELIÚ CARRIZO CAMILO CARRASCO A LFONSO Human Resources General Manager JERÓNIMO GARCÍA CAÑETE MIGUEL ÁNGEL NACRUR GAZALI Informatics General Counsel PABLO GARCÍA SILVA Macroeconomic Analysis JOSÉ MANUEL GARRIDO BOUZO Financial Analysis LUIS A LEJANDRO GONZÁLEZ BANNURA DIVISION MANAGERS Accounting and Administration LUIS ÓSCAR HERRERA BARRIGA JUAN ESTEBAN LAVAL ZALDÍVAR Financial Policy Chief Counsel ESTEBAN JADRESIC MARINOVIC SERGIO LEHMANN BERESI International Affairs International Analysis CARLOS PEREIRA A LBORNOZ IVÁN EDUARDO MONTOYA LARA Management and Development General Treasurer RODRIGO V ALDÉS PULIDO GLORIA PEÑA T APIA Research Foreign Trade and Trade Policy JORGE PÉREZ ETCHEGARAY Monetary Operations CRISTIÁN SALINAS CERDA Internacional Investment KLAUS SCHMIDT-HEBBEL DUNKER Economic Research MARIO ULLOA LÓPEZ General Auditor RICARDO V ICUÑA POBLETE Information and Statistics Research 3 Central Bank of Chile TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL BACKGROUND 7 Location and area, boundaries, climate and natural resources 7 Temperature, rainfall and environmental pollution -
The South American Indian As a Pioneer Alpinist
TI-lE SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN AS A PIONEER ALPINIST 81 THE SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN AS A PIONEER ALPINIST BY EVELIO ECHEVARRfA C. ECENTL Y it has become kno\vn that a number of very high Andean mountain tops had not only been ascended but also permanently occupied by the Indians, possibly as much as three centuries before de Saussure's ascent of Mont Blanc. They climbed peaks of up to 22,ooo ft., they constructed shelters on or near their tops, and they used the high places as watch-towers or as sacrificial shrines. Some authorities believe that this activity took place as early as the late four teenth century, though we cannot prove that some of it did not take place long after, possibly as late as the nineteenth century. These Indian accomplishments have been left unmentioned in practi cally all mountaineering history books. In this article, which may be the first to attempt a comprehensive survey,1 my purpose is to review briefly the location and the nature of each discovery. The area in which these Indian mountain ascents took place is what in physical geography is known as the Atacama desert (although this name is nowadays used in political and cultural geography for a much more restricted area). It is a treeless, sandy and volcanic waste-land seldom visited by mountaineers. It stretches from the neighbourhood of Arequipa, in Peru, as far south as Elqui in Chile; to the east it reaches the Andean slopes that face the jungles of Argentina and Bolivia, and to the west, the Pacific Ocean. -
Reconnaissance for Uranium in the Tocopilla Area, Province of Antofagasta, Chile
722/ RME-4534( Rev.) OBE Go\\ec 04 RECONNAISSANCE FOR URANIUM IN THE TOCOPILLA AREA, PROVINCE OF ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE By William A. Bowes Paul H. Knowles Mario Serrano C. Rudolfo Grnienwald S. February 1959 Division of Raw Materials, AEC Washington, D. C. .and Instituto de Inve stigaciones Geologicas Santiago, Chile UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION * OFFICE Of TECHNICAL. INFORMATION metadc 783694 LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United States, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission: A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accu- racy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe privately owned rights; or B. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. As used in the above, "person acting on behalf of the Commission" includes any em- ployee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent that such employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares, disseminates, or provides access to, any information pursuant to his employment or contract with the Commission, or his employment with such contractor. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Printed in USA. Price $0.50. Available from the Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. -
Unidades Sedimentarias Cenozoicas De La Cuenca Del Rio Loa En La Pampa Del Tamarugal, Region De Antofagasta, Chile
ESTRATlGRAFIA DE LAS -UNIDADES SEDIMENTARIAS CENOZOICAS DE LA CUENCA DEL RIO LOA EN LA PAMPA DEL TAMARUGAL, REGION DE ANTOFAGASTA, CHILE. JOSE A. NARANJO Servo Nac. Geol. y Minería, Casilla 10465, Santigo, Chile. ROLAND. P. PASKOFF Département de Géographie, Université de Tunis, 94, Bd. du 9 avril1938, Túnez. RESUMEN El relleno sedimentario de la cuenca del río Loa, en la Pampa del Tamarugal, es de gran complejidad. En él es posible distinguir al menos seis unidades diferentes. Su génesis se explicaría por la intervención e interacción de cambios climáticos en un ambiente árido, y de movimientos tectónicos durante el Cenozoico. ABSTRACT The sedimentary filling of the Pampa del Tamarugal in the Río Loa basin is compleXo At lcast six different units can be distinguished. Interferences between climatic changes in an arid environment and tectonic move ments account for their genesis. INTRODUCCION Durante mucho tiempo se ha pensado que el voluminoso relleno de depósitos aluviales y evapo ríticos de la depresión seguida por el río Loa, entre Calama y Quillagua (Fig. 1), correspondería a una sola formación, la Formación El Loa (Brüggen, 1950; Fuenzalida, 1957). Esta opinión prevalece todavía en estudios geológicos recientes (Boben rieth, 1980; Boric, 1980; Maksaev y Marinovic 1980), pese a que, en 1975, Rieu llamó la atención sobre la complejidad de los depósitos que rellenan la cuenca. Efectivamente, es posible distinguir va rias unidades estratigráficas, claramente separadas por discordancias de erosión (Fig. 2). Recientemente, Naranjo y Paskoff (1981) han caracterizado la estratigrafía del Cenozoico del sec tor comprendido entre Chiuchiu y Calama (22°20'- 22°27'S). -
EPM Group Strengthens Its Presence in Chile by Subscribing an Agreement for Purchasing Aguas De Antofagasta
Medellin, April 23, 2015 EPM Group strengthens its presence in Chile by subscribing an agreement for purchasing Aguas de Antofagasta The transaction is subject to approval by Empresa Concesionaria de Servicios Sanitarios S.A. (ECONSSA) Aguas de Antofagasta S.A. (ADASA) delivers its services in seven Chilean towns located in a dynamic and rapidly growing mining zone. The company owns the largest desalination plant in Latin America ADASA is considered as one of the most relevant and best-performing utilities in Chile. This is EPM Group's second investment in Chile, where it is already delivering services with the Los Cururos Wind Park Seeking to grow and expand sustainably in order to continue creating well-being for the community, EPM Group has subscribed an agreement for the purchase of 100% shareholding owned by Inversiones Punta de Rieles Limitada, an affiliate of Antofagasta PLC, in the Chilean company ADASA for approximately USD 965 million, so far the largest investment conducted by EPM Group abroad. In this regard, EPM's Chief Executive Officer and leader of EPM Group, Juan Esteban Calle Restrepo, indicated: "We are very pleased with the next arrival of ADASA to the economic group. This way we will add very relevant experience to continue advancing with our presence in the water and sanitation sector; we will also venture into the activities of sea-water potabilization and bulk water supply to large mining and industrial customers, fields where we see immense opportunities for EPM not only in Chile but also in the other Latin American countries where we are present. -
Hoyas Hidrográficas De Chile: Segunda Región
HOYAS HIDROGRÁFICAS DE CHILE: SEGUNDA REGIÓN REALIZADO POR: HANS NIEMEYER F. HOVA DEL RlO LOA La hoya hidrográfica del río Loa~ con una superf! cie tota~'de 33 570 km2 , se desarrolla en el tercio norte de la IIa R~ gión de Chile, entre latitudes extremas 20Q52' y 22Q57' L.S. ylongit~ des 68QOO' y 7oQ02' L.o. El río Loa nace en la falda norte del Vn. Mi ño~ en los Ojos del Hiño, casi en los límites entre la la y IIa Regio nes de Chile, en 21Q15' L.S. y 70Q L.O~ Su longitud total se acerca a 440 km. A pesar de su extensa hoya, los recursos h!dricos provienen de la cuenca alta que comprende alrededor del 20% de la su~ perficie total. Con curso aproximadamente norte-sur~ el Loa reco rre casi 150 km en un profundo cañón de altura variable, desde su nací miento hasta el oasis de Chiu ~hiu, pueblo que se levanta en su margen izquierda. En este trayecto recibe sus dos tributarios más importantes que le caen del este: el río San Pedro o Inacaliri y el río Salado. En Chiu Chiu dobla su curso sensiblemente hacia el oeste para alcanzar en un recorrido de 115 km el punto denominado Chacance. En él se le reúne por la derecha el río San Salvador. En Chacance,el Loa toma franca di= recci6n sur-norte hasta fertilizar el oasis de Quillagua, despu~s de una trayectoria de 80 km. A partir de Quillagua el Loa describe un gran arco y luego desemboca en el Pacífico~ en Caleta Huel~n, despu~8 de trasponer el macizo costero en un tajo profundo~ de más de 500 m de al tura. -
The Causes and Effect of Temporal Changes in Magma Generation Processes in Space and Time Along the Central Andes (13°S – 25°S)
The causes and effect of temporal changes in magma generation processes in space and time along the Central Andes (13°S – 25°S) Dissertation zur Erlangung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades "Doctor rerum naturalium" der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen im Promotionsprogramm Geowissenschaften / Geographie der Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) vorgelegt von Rosanne Marjoleine Heistek aus Nederland/Niederlande Göttingen 2015 Betreuungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wörner, Abteilung Geochemie, GZG Prof. Dr. Andreas Pack, Abteilung Isotopengeologie, GZG Referent: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wörner Prof. Dr. Andreas Pack Weitere Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Sharon Webb Prof. Dr. Hilmar von Eynatten Prof. Dr. Jonas Kley Dr. John Hora Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25.06.2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................1 Abstracts .................................................................................................................................................2 Chapter 1: Introduction .........................................................................................................................7 1.1.The Andean volcanic belt .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2. The Central volcanic zone ........................................................................................................................... -
Volcán Olca - Paruma
Volcán Olca - Paruma Región: Antofagasta Provincia: El Loa Comuna: Ollagüe Coordenadas: 20°56’32’’S – 68°30’12’ W Poblados más cercanos: Collahuasi – Cosca – Ollagüe Ranking de riesgo específico: 35 Altura: 5407 m snm Diámetro basal: 17 km Área basal: 227 km2 Volumen estimado: 74 km3 Última actividad: 03/1990 Última erupción mayor: 1865 - 1867 Volcán Olca desde el suroeste (Fotografía: Daniel Bertin) Corresponde a un complejo elongado de unos 15 km de largo orientado en dirección este-oeste, conformado por lavas dacíticas y andesíticas, que se encontraría activo desde hace unos 80 mil años. Dentro de este complejo destacan dos centros eruptivos: Olca, en el extremo oeste, y Paruma, en el extremo este, separados entre sí por alrededor de 8 km. Además de estos dos volcanes principales, existen a lo menos doce centros eruptivos, algunos con cráteres muy bien preservados. Desde el volcán Olca fueron emitidas lavas andesíticas a dacíticas que se extienden hasta 5 km al oeste del cráter central, las que se encuentran recubiertas por lavas de morfologías más recientes. Desde el volcán Paruma, numerosos flujos de lava de probable composición andesítica-basáltica fueron emitidos alcanzando casi 7 km tanto hacia el norte como hacia el sur. Al este de la cima principal del volcán Paruma se emitió una lava dacítica, la cual parece ser posterior a las morrenas glaciares desarrolladas en el flanco sur. Destacan depósitos de azufre principalmente en torno al volcán Olca, los que fueron explotados intensamente durante los siglos pasados. No hay certeza respecto a cuál es el sector actualmente activo. Existen reportes no confirmados de una erupción de flanco en el volcán Olca entre 1865 y 1867, mientras que en 1990 se reportó actividad fumarólica en el volcán Paruma la que estuvo acompañada de sismicidad menor. -
Statistical SYNTHESIS of CHILE 2008-2012 Statistical SYNTHESIS of CHILE 2008-2012
STATISTICAL SYNTHESIS OF CHILE 2008-2012 STATISTICAL SYNTHESIS OF CHILE 2008-2012 STATISTICAL SYNTHESIS OF CHILE • 2008-2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS MAP OF CHILE BY REGIONS 4 Chile its regions, provinces, and communes, as at 31 December 2012 5 GENERAL BACKGROUND 9 Location and area 9 Boundaries, climate and natural resources, temperature, rainfall of main Chilean towns 10 Air pollution statistics by sampling station in Greater Santiago 14 POPULATION 16 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT, AND POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 18 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS 21 Main indicators of domestic economy 21 National accounts 22 Public finance 27 Agriculture, forestry, woodland production and consumption, livestock and fishing 29 Mining 37 Manufacturing 38 Construction 41 Energy 42 Transport 44 Communications 45 Tourism 45 Prices 46 Money and banking 51 Interest rates 52 Balance of payments 54 Balance of trade by product 55 Gross foreign debt by maturity 59 Direct foreign investment under decree law 600 60 Employment 61 Wages 62 Social indicators 63 3 CENTRAL BANK OF CHILE MAP OF CHILE BY REGIONS Región (Capital) 72° 68° XV Arica y Parinacota (Arica) 19° 19° I Tarapacá (Iquique) II Antofagasta (Antofagasta) III Atacama (Copiapó) IV Coquimbo (La Serena) 32° V Valparaíso (Valparaíso) 32° RMS Metropolitana de Santiago (Santiago) VI Libertador Gral. Bdo. O´Higgins (Rancagua) VII Maule (Talca) VIII Biobío (Concepción) IX La Araucanía (Temuco) XIV Los Ríos (Valdivia) 43° X Los Lagos (Puerto Montt) 43° Chilean Antartic Territory 90° 53° XI Aysén del Gral.Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (Coihaique) (*) South Pole XII Magallanes y de La Antártica Chilena (Punta Arenas) 72° 68° 0 300 600 km 56° 56° (*) Agreement between Chile and Argentina to precisely trace the common boundary between Fitz Roy and Daudet mountains. -
Exposure to Arsenic of the Atacameno Population in Northern Chile
Assessing and Managing Health Risks from Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications (ProccedingsoftheRomeSymposium,Septemberl994).IAHSPubl.no.233, 1995. 141 Exposure to arsenic of the Atacameno population in northern Chile ANA MARIA SANCHA & DANIEL RODRIGUEZ Universidad de Chile, Depto. de Ingenieria Civil, Blanco Encalada 2120, 4° Piso, Of 17 Santiago, Chile, Casilla 228-3 FLAVIO VEGA & SERGIO FUENTES Institute de Salud Pûblica, Marathon 1000, Santiago, Chile ANA MARIA SALAZAR Asociaciôn Chilena de Seguridad, Vicuna Mackenna 152, Santiago, Chile VENTURWO HERNAN CODELCO-Chile, Division Chuquicamata, Chuquicamata, Chile VERONICA MORENO & ANA MARIA BARON San Pedro de Atacama, Chile Abstract Results are reported from a study of inhabitants of Atacameno settlements in northern Chile, who consume water with naturally high arsenic (As) concentrations. Of the 3000 inhabitants residing in the Atacameno zone, 761 participated voluntarily in the study. The clinical study revealed that the only sign of chronic arsenic poisoning of the exposed population was the presence of leukomelanodermic plaques in varying degrees, with a clear exposure-response relationship between arsenic concentration in drinking water and frequency of this dermal lesion. The urine of the exposed populations contained arsenic concentra tions higher than the normal reference value recommended by WHO for non-occupationally exposed populations. The paucity of observed health effects may be explained by the difference in Atacameno susceptibility to arsenic due to increased detoxification by methylation, which may be influenced by genetic or dietary and other lifestyle factors. INTRODUCTION In northern Chile, in the zone between 17°S and 26°S, 67°E and the Pacific Ocean, water supplies are naturally contaminated with arsenic due to the chemical process of solubilization of volcanic geological material (Enriquez, 1978).