Transitional Justice Reconciliation Good Governance Resettlement
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Transitional Reconciliation Justice Resettlement Good and Durable Governance Solutions SRI LANKA PEACEBUILDING PRIORITY PLAN August 2016 Overview and Strategic Objective The Peacebuilding Priority Plan (PPP) supports the Government of Sri Lanka to implement its reconciliation and accountability/transitional justice commitments to its people as part of its peacebuilding agenda. The three (3) year comprehensive plan builds on the Government’s ongoing political reforms and the Human Rights Council Resolution of September 2016 which Sri Lanka co- sponsored. The United Nations has been tasked to play a key role in developing and coordinating the implementation of the plan that will also serve as a key tool for coordinating development partners’ support to peacebuilding. The Government of Sri Lanka has put in place institutional structures to deliver on various peacebuilding commitments, with the Secretariat for Coordination of Reconciliation Mechanisms (SCRM) in the Prime Minister Office having the central coordination function. Operationalization of the Plan is guided by the Government’s four (4) Pillars of support of: Transitional Justice; Reconciliation; Good Governance; and Resettlement and Durable Solutions. Funding for the plan will come from various sources including UN, development partners and Government sources. The UN Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) will be strategically positioned to catalyse and leverage the peacebuilding support efforts. Sri Lanka Peacebuilding Priority Plan - Funding Summary Of which: PBF Government Pillar/Strategic Funding Funding Focus Area(s) outcome Need Committed Pledged Gap3 through IRF1 2016 1. Transitional Justice Outcome: 1. Capacity and consultations 2. Truth Telling Government leads a credible, victim- centric process of accountability, 3. Office of Missing Persons 2 2 2 truth-seeking, reparations for past $15.8 $2.7 $2.3 $10.9 4. Reparations/victims protection violations and guarantees of non- recurrence in line with international 5. Accountability Mechanisms standards and obligations. 6. Prevention and Non-Recurrence 2. Reconciliation Outcome: 1. Analytical and Policy Positive relationships and mutual 2. Peace Dividends/ Socio-economic understanding between and among $13.0 $0.6 $1.8 $10.5 different groups contribute to 3. Institutions/SCRM peaceful co-existence and a sense of belonging in Sri Lanka. 4. Partnerships & dialogues for non-recurrence 3. Good Governance Outcome: 1. Decentralization and Devolution 2. Independent Institutions 3. Rule of Law and Access to Justice State institutions effectively, 4. Women and Youth in Peacebuilding efficiently, equitably and $32.9 $0.6 $2.7 $29.6 5. Constitutional and legislative reforms transparently respond to the priorities of the population. 6. Public administration reforms 7. Strengthening civil society 8. Security Sector Reform 4. Resettlement and Durable Solutions Outcome: 1. Analytical and Policy The State prioritizes sustainable return, resettlement and/or local 2. Land, Housing and Community Infrastructure integration of conflict-displaced $17.8 $1.5 $0.2 $16.1 persons (IDPs, IDP returnees, and refugee returnees) in a safe and 3. Socio-Economic Upliftment (psychosocial dignified manner to rebuild lives and support) communities. Total $79.4 $5.3 $7.0 $67.2 Notes: 1. IRF = Immediate Response Facility; 2: Includes costs associated with the PBF Secretariat; and 3: Gap to be met through Government, UN and development partner contributions Page 2 of 53 Contents SECTION 1: Context and Rationale for PBF support .......................................................................................... 5 1.1 Country situation ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Peacebuilding context ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Government priorities: Political transition, HRC Resolution, National Government, Constitutional Assembly ........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 United Nations engagement................................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Mapping of relevant peacebuilding interventions ....................................................................... 12 SECTION 2: Objectives of PBF Support and Proposed Priority Plan implementation ...................... 13 2.1 Purpose and strategy of the Priority Plan ........................................................................................ 13 2.2 Programming principles and considerations for PPP ................................................................. 14 2.3 Priority Plan Outcome Areas ................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 United Nations capacity and capability ............................................................................................. 26 2.5 Funding Framework ................................................................................................................................. 27 SECTION 3: Priority Plan Management and Coordination ........................................................................... 28 3.1 Institutional management and coordination arrangements .................................................... 28 3.2 PPP implementation processes and procedures ........................................................................... 29 3.3 Monitoring and Evaluation..................................................................................................................... 30 3.4 Risk analysis ................................................................................................................................................. 31 Annex: ................................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Results Framework .................................................................................................................................................. 34 Page 3 of 53 Page 4 of 53 SECTION 1: Context and Rationale for PBF support 1.1 Country situation After more than 25 years of violence the armed conflict in Sri Lanka ended in May 2009. With a population of about 20 million, Sri Lanka's major ethnic groups include the Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils, Moors or Muslims, Burghers and Malays. Over the years, the lack of participatory decision making processes and overly centralized government fanned the flames of ethnic division. Two violent armed youth insurrections erupted in the early 1970’s and late 1980’s and were put down in a brutal manner. Violence in the North and the East escalated in the 1980s, resulting in armed action against Tamil separatists pressing for self-rule. Most of the fighting took place in the North and the East but the conflict also penetrated the heart of Sri Lankan society with separatists carrying out attacks against civilians in various parts of the country throughout the years of conflict resulting in tens of thousands of lives lost, and damaging the economy of one of South Asia's potentially most prosperous societies. There was wide spread concern about the fate of civilians caught up in the conflict zone during the final stages of the conflict, the confinement of nearly 300,000 Tamil internally displaced persons (IDPs) to camps for months afterwards, and allegations of grave violations of human rights and humanitarian law by both sides. The political economy of the Sri Lankan internal conflict has to be understood in its demographic, economic and political context. It is an island nation of 66,000 square miles, making it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Sri Lanka’s international recognition in the area of development comes from its history of relatively high human development for a country of comparably low per capita income. As of 2014, Sri Lanka had a Human Development Index of 0.75 which places it in the category of a ‘High Human Development’ country. Life expectancy at birth is 74.3, literacy for the 15 to 24 age group is 98 percent, and infant mortality is 9.4 per 1,000 live births. A long tradition, dating back to pre-colonial times, of investment in education, health and poverty alleviation programmes, is largely responsible for these development outcomes. However, there are disparities across regions, with certain districts in the former conflict affected areas and the estate sector often lagging behind. Figure 1 Although Sri Lanka achieved middle income country status in 2010, there are significant disparities in income, infrastructure and access to basic services across the country. Since the end of the conflict, the country has seen poverty numbers fall. In 2002, 13.2 percent of people lived on less than US$1.25 a day in PPP terms, and by 2012/13 this figure had fallen to 3.2 percent. However, there is a large proportion of people that live just above the poverty line, and at risk of economic or climatic shock with nearly one in four living on less than US$2.50 a day in 2012/131. The conflict and recent and recurrent natural disasters (flood/drought) have considerably affected rural populations, heavily impacting food and agricultural production and undermining the resilience