ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE 1 • 2014 Magazine of the German Archaeological Institute Archaeology Worldwide – Volume one – Berlin, – DAI May 2014 TITLE STORY NETWORKED WORLDS Mobility, migration and trade in antiquity REPORT STANDPOINT INTERVIEW A Phoenician-Iberian Networked research – Link and barrier – joint venture Networked worlds Mediterranean studies acquire new significance ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE Places visited in this issue Spain, Los Castillejos de Alcorrín. Report, page 12 Arabian Peninsula, The Incense Route. Titel Story, page 36 Peru, Palpa. Cultural Heritage, page 20 The Mediterranean region. Titel Story, page 36 The Russian Federation, Cimmerian Bosporus, Germany, Munich. Everyday Archaeology, page 76 Taman Peninsula. Landscapes, page 28 Turkey, Thracian Bosporus. Landscapes, page 28 Tajikistan, Dushanbe. The Object, page34 Berlin, Head Office of the Morocco, Essaouira. Title Story, page 36 German Archaeological Institute COVER PHOTO A small island off Morocco’s Atlantic coast – in antiquity a peninsula – was where the west Phoenician maritime trade route met an African caravan road. There was sale and barter, the latest news was exchanged and tales were told from all corners of the world. The hotly traded goods were fish in great quantities, ivory, met- als, exotic animals, the amber-like resin of Thuja ber- berisca/citrus, and precious spices. Our cover photo shows Essaouira, the town on the mainland. It was known as the “harbour of Timbuktu” until the sixties. Caravans continued to arrive from the African hinterland and all European trading nations maintained consulates in the little coastal town. ARCHAEOLOGY WORLDWIDE Places visited in this issue ditorial E EDITORIAL DEAR READERS, Networking and connectivity are buzz- as often happens, they are adduced to words in all spheres of life today and the explain contemporary problems by refer- global world virtually seems a product of ence to the past, in line with the maxim: new forms of networking. How different “That’s how it’s always been.” Yet this kind the world appears to have been in antiq- of chrono-determinism – to coin a phrase uity. The ancient past is popularly per- – only distorts our view of the ancient past ceived as an inert, adynamic, stagnating just as it gets in the way of a proper under- entity – especially where economics, poli- standing of our own time. tics and international relations are con- cerned. As such, antiquity is seen as the Mobility, migration and trade in ancient antithesis of all that we are today. Yet cultures are the topics explored in the Title “antiquity” was just as changeable and Story in this issue of Archaeology World- internationally connected as the present wide. The “Report” focuses on a Phoenician day, even though it operated at a different settlement on the Iberian Peninsula, while base speed. In consequence, archaeology the “Interview” looks at the relation of as a science is as international and net- Mediterranean Studies to Classical Studies. Prof. Dr. Friederike Fless worked as its objects of study were: linked Finally, in the “Portrait” we meet two peo- President of the German up with partners in the countries hosting ple who have just been appointed to top Archaeological Institute its research work, maintaining constant posts at the DAI. (photo: Lejeune) contact, and always confronted with the challenge of keeping highly disparate sci- Happy reading! entific, political and economic aspects in view at the same time. At the German Archaeological Institute, cross-border connectivity is even deeply rooted in its foundation history – ever Prof. Dr. Friederike Fless since a circle of international scholars and diplomats got together in Rome in 1829 to promote internationally networked research into antiquity by combining their different fields of expertise. Naturally the tasks of archaeology have changed since then; its methods have been enriched by theoretical approaches which no one thought about almost 200 years ago. And where once the object itself was the focus of interest, now it is the cultural context which archaeology seeks to reveal, very much in the spirit of internationally and scientifically multidisciplinary Area Stud- ies. In the process, archaeology can call into question supposed continuities when, ArchaeologY WORLDWIDE _ 1 28 Landscape PASSAGES CONTENTS From Bosporus to Bosporus Waldgirmes Taganrog Nizza NETWORKED Rom Metapont Euböa Alcorrín a Lev nte WORLDS Berytos Byblos Mobility, MIGration AND trade IN ANTIQUity Sidon Tyros Mogador Everyday Archaeology THE SQUEEZE copy A robust method of decipherment and documentation 76 2 _ ArchaeologY WORLDWIDE 4 News 12 REPORT Los Castillejos de Alcorrín A Phoenician-Iberian joint venture 20 CUltUral heritaGE El Señor de Palpa – Peruvian tombs ontents C nobody expected to find 26 Standpoint 12 Networked research – Networked worlds Report 28 Landscape LOS CASTILLEJOS DE AlcorrÍN Passages – From Bosporus to Bosporus The coast known as the Costa del Sol today is where one of the first significant Phoenician- Iberian joint ventures took place 34 THE OBJect Fierce fighting – A scabbard from Bactria 36 TITEL story Mobility, migration and trade in antiquity Waldgirmes 40 Bringer of health and wealth – The Incense Route 46 Mediterranean connector of continents – Taganrog The international world of the Phoenicians Nizza 55 Harbours on the Iberian Peninsula Rom 56 Westward bound, eastward bound – Metapont The Great Greek Colonization Euböa Alcorrín a 62 Elaia – Pergamon’s harbour Lev nte Berytos 64 Empire on land and water – Byblos Sidon The Romans transform the ancient world Tyros 67 Waldgirmes, a colonial outpost Mogador 70 interview with Prof. Dr. Felix Pirson Panorama The Mediterranean: connective medium or barrier EN roUTE 72 portrait The DAI travel 72 Eszter Bánffy grant 74 Philipp von Rummel 76 Everyday archaeoloGY The squeeze copy – The elegant art of decipherment 80 Location The Division of Building Archaeology at the Berlin Head Office 82 Panorama 82 En route – The DAI travel grant 88 MASTHEAD, PREVIEW ArchaeologY WORLDWIDE _ 3 NEWS The workshop on the looting of cultural goods took place in Casablanca. Looted and devastated Combating the trafficking of cultural goods The illegal trade in priceless cultural goods ing and no part of the planet is spared. tion-sharing among all stakeholders has now become the third biggest sector The opening of borders, the escalating involved. In the fight against looting and of criminal business after the illegal trade number of conflicts, increasing poverty trafficking cultural goods it is essential fur- in drugs and weapons. The total volume of and the enormous sums that stolen cul- thermore that local communities should this black market is estimated at 10 billion tural assets command on international participate – through programmes that U.S. dollars. markets have all contributed to a worsen- tell them about the value of their own cul- “The gentleman art-thief, as he is pro- ing of the situation. tural heritage. jected by Hollywood, does not fit the real- The trade is organized by networks that ity,” declares the website of the Africa-EU sell what they generally procure through “We can only protect what we know Partnership, an initiative that held a work- illegal excavation. The financial loss is about,” explained DAI president Prof. Dr. shop on the illegal trafficking of stolen cul- immense, and the destruction of cultural Friederike Fless. It is therefore crucial to tural goods in Casablanca, Morocco, in heritage is irreparable. The local popula- document archaeological sites and cul- January 2014. It was organized with the tion is deprived not only of key elements tural assets and to set up digital invento- aid of the Joint Africa EU Strategy Support of its cultural memory but also of poten- ries as well as a central database of interna- Mechanism. The workshop was carried out tial revenue from sustainable tourism at tional scope. Fless furthermore agreed to in preparation for the Africa-EU Summit in archaeological sites. The robbers usually make the DAI’s expertise and infrastruc- April 2014 in Brussels. leave find-sites in a state of complete dev- ture in the protection of cultural goods The German Archaeological Institute (DAI) astation. available in international cooperation. | sent a delegation to Morocco under the direction of its special representative for During the three-day workshop, the the protection of cultural resources and experts drew up a catalogue of essential site management, Dr. Friedrich Lüth. At measures and initiatives that need to be the workshop, 80 experts from European agreed and implemented by the countries and African countries had the task of in the African and European partnership. drawing up a list of measures to combat Foremost among these are raising aware- the criminal activities. ness among legitimate dealers and museum curators as well as police and cus- The illegal trade in cultural assets is boom- toms staff, and networking and informa- 4 _ ArchaeologY WORLDWIDE The Ramesseum at Luxor (photo: Ryckaert) ews N Heritage Conservation and Site Management A new German-Egyptian master’s programme The romantic view of the land on the Nile The master’s degree course, accredited of the DAAD Dr. Dorothea Rüland, who and its millennia-old history, manifested in with the European Credit Transfer System spoke about the forward-looking combi- incomparable monuments that are unfor- (ECTS), provides for study periods in Ger- nation of cultural heritage and tourism. gettable for those who have ever