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Estuarine Response to Nutrient Enrichment, a Counterpart of Eutrophication

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Estuarine Response to Nutrient Enrichment, a Counterpart of Eutrophication ESTUARINE RESPONSE TO NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT, A COUNTERPART OF EUTROPHICATION: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY K. L. WEBB D. M. HAYWARD J. M. BAKER B. MURRAY VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE AND SCHOOL OF MARINE SCIENCE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY GLOUCESTER POINT, VA 23062 THIS RESEARCH WAS SUPPORTED BY GRANT NUMBER: R 806 189 010 FROM THE US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY TO THE CHESAPEAKE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM, INC. 1419 FOREST DRIVE, SUITE 207 ANNAPOLIS, MD 21403 MAY 1979 CRC PUBLICATION NUMBER: 67 SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT NUMBER: 94 VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE PREFACE This work is a result of our efforts to compile the literature related to the results of nutrient enrichment of estuaries. It consists of two related publications, a bibliography and an annotated bibliography; both works are accompanied by an index which applies to either bibliography. An attempt has been made to include some key papers related to various processes, eg. nutrient uptake by phytoplankton, which influence or participate in the response process. Items included are wide ranging from articles in scientific journals, chapters in books, and manuscripts for such publications to the grey literature of project reports, theses and the like. They have been accumulated by a variety of methods including the use of the DIALOG Information Retrieval Service (Lockheed Information Systems), manual search of various abstracting publications and the original contemporary literature as well as direct input from authors responding to direct and indirect solicitation. Science Citation Index (Institute of Scientific Information) was also utilized as a source. Annotations rely heavily on abstracts from authors or abstracting services. Copies of all the original documents are being acquired and will be available for personal use at the CRC headquarters and the four Consortium member institutions. They are on microfiche. Information on availability to the public is contained within each citation. Bibliography users who have difficulty obtaining original materials may approach MERRMS of VIMS concerning availability of non-copyrighted materials on microfiche at cost plus handling. These publications were produced under great time pressures and a number of citations were omitted. The senior author accepts complete responsibility for these omissions and apologizes to friends, colleagues and other scientists for omission of their works. The authors thank Ms. Linda L.. Jenkins for many hours of effort in front of a computer terminal, the staff of the VIMS library for efforts to obtain reference materials, the MERRMS staff for microfiche facilities, and especially to Geri Ellis, Dan Ewart and Pete Hoyle of the William and Mary Computer Center for extensive help in making the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of the bibliographic information possible. K. L. Webb 17 May 1979 ii Estuarine response to nutrient enrichment bibliography field coding. * CODE FIELD 1 Author(s) 2 Address 3 Title of Article;if in a Book: Title, Editors 4 Publisher or Journal 5 Year, volume, pages 6 Language 7 Abstract *The code numbers do not appear in the citations. Fields are separated by blank lines, empty fields are blank. The index is a cross referenced listing of descriptors relevant to each citation. The numbers accompanying the listings refer to citation numbers. iii Citation 1 AALTO, J. A. , N. A. JAWORSKI, D. w. LEAR, JR. Federal Water Quality Administration, Chesapeake Technical Support Lab, Annapolis, MD Current Water Quality Conditions and Investigations in the Upper Potomac River Tidal System Fed Water Qual Admin, CTSL 1970(May), Technical Rep. No. 41,38p. English Based on data obtained by field investigations and from wastewater treatment agencies in the Washington metropolitan area, a statement on current water conditions and investigations of the Upper Potomac River tidal system was prepared and summarized. Fecal coliform densities are lower than in 1965 as a result of the increased chlorination of treated waste discharges since 1969. High fecal coliform densities were prevalent at times of high stream flow above the major basin, urban runoff, storm sewers and combined sewer outflows. Tributaries also contained very high fecal coliform densities at times. Extensive phytoplankton blooms were detected. Since the late 1930's the amount of phosphorus entering the Potomac has increased about tenfold and nitrogen increased about fivefold. The major shift toward nuisance blue­ green algal growths appears to be related to increases in nitrogen and phosphorus, and not BOD (carbon). Most of the phosphorus which entered the tidal system from the upper basin, plus some from local wastewater discharges, was absorbed and deposited in the bottom sediments of the estuary. Dye and mathematical model investigations indicate that wastewater assimilation and transport rates are very low. Citation 2 ABBOTT, 0. J. Univ. of Strathclyde, Marine Laboratory, Kilcreggan Black Necrosis in Brown Shrimp, Crangon crangon In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Burry Inlet (South Wales),l3-15 (Sept) 1976. Edited by A. Nelson-Smith and E. M. Bridges. Problems of a Small Estuary. Quadrant Press Ltd. Swansia, West Glamorgan 2 1977(Jan), Session 3,2/1-2/10. English A disease, black necrosis, caused by chitinoclastic bacteria affects the exoskeleton of marine Crustacea. Incidences of infection have been correlated with organic and industrial pollution for the brown shrimp, Crangon sp. For this study shrimp were sampled from 5 stations in the Salway Firth and examined for necrotic lesions. Incidence of lesion was correlated to trace metals, detergent concentration, temperature, salinity, pH, DO, population age-sex, physiological differences, and other infections or injuries. No clear relationships were discerned. Abstr by JMB Citation 3 ABBOTT, W. Gulf Coast Research Lab. Ocean Springs, MS Nutrient Studies in Hyperfertilized Estuarine Ecosystems. I. Phosphorus Studies Adv Water Pollut Res 1970,4(II-3240),729-739. English It was established on a pseudokinetic, long-term basis that some experimental systems assimilated exogenous dissolved orthophosphate according to a first-order, presumptively sorption-limited, reaction scheme. Further, photosynthetic production and community respiration were correlated with nitrate and phosphate fertilization. Relevant field studies are reported. Three forms of phosphorus were defined: dissolved, labile, and bound. Analyses were carried out for orthophosphate or total phosphate on each phosphorus fraction. Of nitrogen forms, only nitrate was monitored. Eighteen experimental ponds were constructed by capturing a small bayou channel and fertilized. Trends evident by passage of P-32 through the pond environment suggest a steady-state ecological phosphorus processing machine. Differences between fertilized and control ponds indicate that a demand system probably controls allocations to various ecosystem sub-units. From this standpoint, at least relative to phosphorus, an estuary is not a 'nutrient trap' but is, rather, a 'nutrient buffer' tending to modulate phosphorus flow through the ecosystem while obviating wild fluctuations in the phosphorus economy. 3 Sediments, in this context, are the phosphorus stockpile. Periodically, turbulence effects cycle part of this stored reserve. Metabolic demands within the community may withdraw any required phosphorus from the flux and the excess is soon returned to the stockpile. Citation 4 ABERDEEN MARINE LABORATORY Aberdeen Marine Lab. , Library:Aberdeen, UK Water Pollution: A Bibliography of Reports Aberdeen Marine Lab. Library:Aberdeen, UK 1977,38p. English This bibliography is a listing of reports on water pollution, acquired by the library of the Aberdeen Marine Lab. , during the years 1974-1976. It contains 308 references, divided into the following sections: A. General B. Oil c. Oil Removal D. Metals E. Pesticides F. Radioactivity G. Thermal H. Sewage and Industrial Wastes I. Eutrophication J. Dredging K. Effects of Pollution L. Economics Citation 5 ADMIRAAL, W. Groningen Rijsuniversiteit (Netherlands), Dept. of Systematic Botany Tolerance of Estuarine Benthic Diatoms to High Concentrations of Ammonia, Nitrite Ion, Nitrate Ion and Orthophosphate Mar Biol 1977,43,307-315. English Ten species of benthic diatoms were cultured unialgally in synthetic media with various concentrations of ammonia (NH4+ +NH3), nitrite ion, nitrate ion, and orthophosphate. Most of the species grew well in media with very high concentrations of nitrite ion (1 to 10 mg-at N 1-1), nitrate ion (about 16.9 mg­ at N 1-1) and orthophosphate (at least 0.9 mg-at P 1-1). 4 Ammonia concentrations higher than 0.5 mg-at N 1-1 inhibited growth of the cultures. The rate of photosynthesis of diatoms from the field and from cultures was also inhibited by 0.5 mg-at N 1-1 of ammonia under certain conditions. Inhibition of photosynthesis by ammonia was strongly enhanced · by high irradiance and high pH. It was unlikely that nitrite ion, nitrate ion, and orthophosphate attained concentrations high enough to be inhibitory in the field, but concentrations of ammonia may have been high enough for inhibition to occur. A clear relationship between sensitivity of the diatoms and their occurrence on more or less polluted mudflats was not found. Citation 6 ALAM, M. I. C. P. HSU, Y. SHIMIZU Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 Comparison of Toxins in Three Isolates of Gonyaulax tamarensis (Dinophyceae)
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