Il Drago Cinese E L'aquila Americana Sullo Scacchiere Asiatico

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Il Drago Cinese E L'aquila Americana Sullo Scacchiere Asiatico Il drago cinese e l’aquila americana sullo scacchiere asiatico – Asia Maior 2013 Maior Asia – asiatico scacchiere sullo americana l’aquila e cinese drago Il di) cura (a Mocci N. e Torri M. Nel corso del 2013, lo scacchiere asiatico è apparso dominato a livello geopolitico da una sorta di duello a distanza fra il drago Asia Maior cinese e l’aquila americana. Il drago cinese ha continuato a raorzare Osservatorio italiano sull’Asia la propria posizione con un uso sempre più incisivo del proprio soft power. Dall’altro lato, l’aquila americana ha portato avanti la 2013 costruzione di una rete di alleanze destinata ad unire in funzione anticinese i paesi dell’Asia-Pacico. Il quadro è stato ulteriormente complicato dalla rinnovata capacità dell’Iran, sotto la leadership del neo presidente Rouhani, di reinserirsi nel gioco internazionale. Dal punto di vista economico, invece, i paesi asiatici hanno continuato a confrontarsi con le conseguenze della crisi mondiale. Da una parte vi è stata la scelta, in particolare quella della Cina, a favore di politiche Il drago cinese e economiche neoliberiste; dall’altra vi è stata la decisione in senso opposto del Giappone, che ha inaugurato una politica economica espansiva, basata su massicce iniezioni di liquidità monetaria l’aquila americana sullo nel sistema economico. Un caso a parte, inne, è rappresentato dal terzo gigante asiatico, l’India, dove alle politiche economiche neoliberiste si è aancato il varo di una politica redistributiva di dimensioni gigantesche: la legge sulla sicurezza alimentare. scacchiere asiatico Il volume, prendendo le mosse da tale quadro generale, analizza l’Asia Maior dal punto di vista sia dei rapporti inter nazionali sia delle dinamiche interne di diciannove paesi asiatici: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambogia, Cina (Taiwan inclusa), Corea del sud, Corea del nord, Fi lippine, Giappone, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, ailandia, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Il volume si chiude con un ricordo del Generale Giáp, combattente per la libertà e campione della lotta anticoloniale. Come sempre, nei volumi di questa serie, al rigore e alla profondità dell’analisi si unisce la chiarezza espositiva. a cura di Michelguglielmo Torri Michelguglielmo Torri, già Harkness Fellow presso l’Università di California a Berkeley, è professore ordinario di storia e istituzioni e Nicola Mocci dell’Asia all’Università di Torino. È considerato il maggior specialista italiano di India moderna e contemporanea. Nicola Mocci, specialista di Sud-est asiatico, ha svolto la propria atti- vità di ricerca fra l’altro presso l’Università Paris VII. È assegnista di ricerca all’Università di Sassari. ISBN 978-88-6680-094-1 € 26,00 (i.i.) I LIBRI DI I LIBRI DI www.ilibridiemil.com EMIL EMIL Asia Maior Osservatorio italiano sull’Asia 2013 Il drago cinese e l’aquila americana sullo scacchiere asiatico a cura di Michelguglielmo Torri e Nicola Mocci I LIBRI DI EMIL Il direttivo di Asia Maior fa presente con gratitudine che il presente volume è stato pubblicato: con il sostegno della Compagnia di San Paolo con l’appoggio logistico del Centro Studi Vietnamiti di Torino e con il patrocinio del Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Straniere e Culture Moderne della Università degli Studi di Torino Asia Maior è anche su internet: www.asiamaior.it; www.asiamaior.org e dal suo archivio possono essere scaricati liberamente i volumi di Asia Maior. © 2014 Casa Editrice Emil di Odoya srl Tutti i diritti riservati ISBN: 97-88-86680-094-1 I libri di Emil Via Benedetto Marcello 7 – 40141 - Bologna www.odoya.it «ASI A MA IOR » «ASI A MA IOR » è un osservatorio sull’Asia ideato nel 1989 da Giorgio Borsa e da allora attivo come associazione informale. Nell’ottobre 2006, «Asia Maior» si è costituita come associazione senza scopo di lucro. La sua attuale sede è a Torino, via Campana 24. Il direttivo di «Asia Maior» Marzia Casolari (presidente), Enrica Garzilli, Nicola Mocci (vice presidente), Riccardo Redaelli, Michelguglielmo Torri (responsabile scientifico). Il Comitato scientifico di «Asia Maior» Guido Abbattista (Università di Trieste), Domenico Amirante (Università «Federico II», Napoli), Elisabetta Basile (Università «La Sapienza», Roma), Luigi Bonanate (Università di Torino), Claudio Cecchi (Università «La Sapienza», Roma), Alessandro Colombo (Università di Milano), Anton Giulio Maria de Robertis (Università di Bari) Thierry Di Costanzo (Université de Strasbourg), Max Guderzo (Università di Firenze), Franco Mazzei (Università «L’Orientale», Napoli), Giorgio Milanetti, (Università «La Sapienza», Roma), Paolo Puddinu (Università di Sassari), Adriano Rossi (Università «L’Orientale», Napoli), Filippo Sabetti (McGill University, Montréal), Giuseppe Sacco (Università degli Studi Roma Tre), Guido Samarani (Università Ca’ Foscari, Venezia), Gianni Vaggi (Università di Pavia), Alberto Ventura (Università della Calabria). Coloro che apprezzano questo volume possono contribuire a rendere possibile, se lo ritengono opportuno, la continuazione dell’attività di Asia Maior e la pubblicazione dei futuri volumi annuali attraverso il 5x1000. È sufficiente, al momento della compilazione della dichiarazione dei redditi (CUD, Mod. 739, Mod. 749, Mod. I Mod. UNICO), apporre la propria firma nel riquadro dedicato “al sostegno del volontariato delle organizzazioni non lucrative di utilità sociali, delle associazioni e fondazioni”, indicando come beneficiaria l’associazione «Asia Maior» e, nello spazio sottostante la firma, indicando il Codice Fiscale 97439200581. Grazie. INDICE 13 PRE M ESS A . L’ASI A STRETT A TR A la CIN A E G L I USA di Nicola Mocci 1. Introduzione p. 13; 2. Le nuove leadership e la necessità di farsi conoscere p. 16; 2.1. I viaggi del presidente Xi Jinping p. 16; 2.2. I viaggi del primo ministro Li Keqiang p. 21; 2.3. I viaggi di Abe e di Park Geun-hye p. 24; 3. L’Asia trascurata e condizionata dagli Stati Uniti p. 26; 3.1. I punti di forza degli USA in Asia p. 30. 35 IL RITORNO DE ll ’IR A N di Riccardo Redaelli 1. Introduzione p. 35; 2. Il difficile inizio anno p. 36; 3. La difficile valutazione dell’impatto delle sanzioni p. 38; 4. I candidati alle elezioni presidenziali p. 40; 5. L’elezione di Hassan Rohani p. 42; 6. Cosa indicano i risultati del voto p. 43.; 7. La formazione del nuovo governo e le priorità di Rohani p. 45; 8. La svolta in Siria e il perdurare delle difficoltà regionali p. 47; 9. La ripresa delle trattative con i P5+1 e l’accordo di novembre p. 49; 10. Le fragilità dell’accordo sul nucleare p. 51. 57 TU RK M ENIST A N : A SCES A DI U N N U OVO A TTORE GEO P O L ITICO REGION al E ? di Fabio Indeo 1. Introduzione p. 57; 2. Riforme e democratizzazione: la graduale apertura di un sistema monolitico p. 58; 3. La strategia di diversificazione delle esportazioni energetiche e l’influenza della Cina p. 60; 4. Politica estera multivettoriale e sicurezza regionale: luci ed ombre p. 63. 69 AFGH A NIST A N . LA COSTR U ZIONE DI U N N U OVO EQ U I L IBRIO P O L ITICO : I L NEGOZI A TO CON G L I USA E la CORS A VERSO L E P RESIDENZI al I DE L 2014 di Diego Abenante 1. Introduzione p. 69; 2. La Loya Jirga consultiva e il difficile negoziato con gli USA p. 70; 3. La composizione della Jirga e il ruolo di Karzai p. 72; 4. La corsa verso le presidenziali del 2014 p. 75; 5. La strategia elettorale dei talibani per il 2014 p. 77; 6. Le trattative con il Pakistan p. 79; 7. Il quadro economico p. 80. 83 PA KIST A N : I L TERZO GOVERNO DI NA W A Z SH A RIF di Marco Corsi 1. Premessa p. 83; 2. Gli ultimi mesi della legislatura p. 83; 3. Le principali forze politiche in campo p. 84; 3.1. La Pakistan Muslim League - Nawaz p. 85; 3.2. Il Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf di Imran Khan p. 86; 3.3. Il Pakistan Peoples Party p. 87; 3.4. La All Pakistan Muslim League p. 87; 4. Le elezioni dell’11 maggio 2013 p. 88; 5. Il governo di Sharif p. 90; 5.1. I propositi di dialogo con i militanti p. 90; 5.2. I rapporti con Delhi p. 91; 5.3. I rapporti con gli USA p. 92; 6. L’Economia p. 93. 97 L’INDI A NE ll ’A NNO DE lla L EGGE S ulla SIC U REZZ A al I M ENT A RE di Michelguglielmo Torri 1. Premessa p. 97; 2. La legge sulla sicurezza alimentare p. 98; 2.1. La lunga gestazione della legge p. 98; 2.2. Le caratteristiche del Food Security Act p. 105; 2.3. «Buono per la politica ma “terribile” per l’economia»? p. 108; 2.4. Le critiche della Destra p. 109; 2.4.1. Una legge troppo costosa? p. 109; 2.4.2. Un sistema pubblico di distribuzione corrotto e inefficiente? p. 111; 2.4.3. Una legge destinata a scatenare l’inflazione? p. 115; 2.4.4. Una legge a favore dei fannulloni? p. 116; 2.5. Le critiche della Sinistra p. 116; 2.6. Il Food Security Act in prospettiva p. 118; 3. Aspettando le elezioni generali p. 121; 3.1. L’irresistibile ascesa di Narendra Modi p. 121; 3.2. L’incerta navigazione di Rahul Gandhi p. 127; 3.4. Il test delle elezioni statali p. 130; 3.5. La sorpresa di Delhi p. 133; 3.6. Il risultato elettorale di Delhi: due riflessioni p. 135; 3.7. Il risultato elettorale di Delhi: due conseguenze p. 136; 4. L’evoluzione dell’economia p. 139; 4.1. Il bilancio 2013-14 p. 141; 4.2. La crisi della rupia p.
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