DOCSLIB.ORG

Secrets of RSS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Secrets of RSS Secrets of RSS DEMYSTIFYING THE SANGH (The Largest Indian NGO in the World) by Ratan Sharda © Ratan Sharda E-book of second edition released May, 2015 Ratan Sharda, Mumbai, India Email:[email protected]; [email protected] License Notes This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-soldor given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person,please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you’re reading this book and didnot purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to yourfavorite ebook retailer and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hardwork of this author. About the Book Narendra Modi, the present Prime Minister of India, is a true blue RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or National Volunteers Organization) swayamsevak or volunteer. More importantly, he is a product of prachaarak system, a unique institution of RSS. More than his election campaigns, his conduct after becoming the Prime Minister really tells us how a responsible RSS worker and prachaarak responds to any responsibility he is entrusted with. His rise is also illustrative example of submission by author in this book that RSS has been able to design a system that can create ‘extraordinary achievers out of ordinary people’. When the first edition of Secrets of RSS was released, air was thick with motivated propaganda about ‘Saffron terror’ and RSS was the favourite whipping boy as the face of ‘Hindu fascism’. Now as the second edition is ready for release, environment has transformed radically. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) an offspring of RSS has come in power with absolute majority. RSS Chief’s address on its foundation day was telecast live by a number of national TV channels for the first time in its 89 year history. It is amazing that not much is known about Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) inspite of being one of the oldest mass Indian organizations, being around for nine decades and widely accepted as the largest NGO in the world. People have only half baked information about it. While critics blame this lack of information on the secretive ways of RSS, RSS volunteers believe that these critics don’t really wish to understand its working that is quite different from other organization, or its philosophy as that too goes against the established norms of ideological discourse in India; heavily influenced as it is by dominant elite brought up on western world view of culture, nationalism and social organizations. The noise created by media also vitiates the view of ordinary lay people. This book tries to rip off the so called veil of secrecy around RSS with its easy flowing narration that is peppered with live examples and anecdotes from a person who has worked at various levels of the organization for nearly four decades, yet has managed to take a non-partisan view on some of the controversial issue. It is probably the first time that an attempt has been made at comprehensive 3600 view of RSS in a single book that covers not just RSS philosophy but also its organizational structure, its working; information about its little understood systems like its Prachaarak system, its Prayer, its Constitution etc. It talks about working of its ‘Shaakhaas’ that look so simple and yet produce leading organizers, managers and leaders. It gives a glimpse of manifestation of this philosophy that has created thousands of organizations covering nearly the entire spectrum of socio-political action across India. The annexure throws light on some crucial days in this organization’s history, namely 1942, 1947 and 1948 including Gandhiji’s assassination. The first edition gathered good amount of accolades for the scope this work and objective presentation. ‘Secrets of RSS’ is useful to both well wishers and critics alike with its comprehensive bird’s eye view of this huge organization. Table of Contents Readers’ Feedback on First Edition of Secrets of RSS Acknowledgements Preface by Author Foreword -Dr. Jayprakash Narayan PROLOGUE I. RSS & Fight for Democracy during Emergency II. Major Defining Moments in Life of RSS THE SPIRIT III. What Defines India IV. Need to Organize Hindus V. Daily RSS Prayer and its Meaning THE FORM VI. RSS Shakha VII. Supremacy of Mission Over Self VIII. Human Relations & Management Training IX. Organizational Structure X. Inculcating Values and Sense of Nationhood through Festivals XI. Institution of Prachaarak THE MANIFESTATION XII. Off shoots – Sister and Associate Organizations XIII. RSS, Nation and Society XIV.Current Scenario EPILOGUE XV.The Ultimate Secret XVI.Secretiveness of RSS & Media References & Readings Annexure About the author - Ratan Sharda Readers’ Feedback on First Edition RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh – or National Volunteer Organization) leadership has for long stated that the best way to know RSS is to join it. It is perhaps the only organisation of its size and repute which does not require any form filling, an interview or reference to join it. It also does not require any notice to be served if someone wants to stop being part of it. One does not require to carry out a sting operation to understand its teachings. Perhaps this is the reason that there is very little literature on how RSS functions. This vacuum has been ably filled by Shri Ratan Sharda’s book “Secrets of RSS - “Demystifying the Sangh”. My personal decision to leave a highly successful and promising career as a Chartered Accountant to devote time for voluntary work has been greatly influenced by thousands of swayamsevaks (volunteers) who have sacrificed their personal and family life to create a strong India through a united and compassionate Hindu society. The well accepted 80-20 commercial rule wherein 80% success is achieved by concentrating on 20% of customers is not valid in nation building. A nation is known by how majority of its people behave. Such majority need not necessarily be homogeneous or coming from one religion. Sangh has chosen to unite 80% of its population and shape them in its pursuit of strong India, and so long Sangh does not create any enmity with balance 20% of society, it should be welcomed. Sanjay Hegde (ex-executive director PwC India, founder of Sewa Sahyog Foundation) Shri Ratan Sharda's book is an important study on RSS, because it is written with rigor, balance and clarity. For readers like me who are not in the RSS, it provides details that many people do not know. A real eye opener that I very much benefited from. Rajiv Malhotra (USA) (Dharma scholar, Founder Infinity Foundation, Writer, Public intellectual, Speaker) This book is not at all heavy to read or understand. Generally, there is a set format while writing about any organization. Such a book follows a pattern, like when was the organization founded, who was the founder, what is its philosophy, highs and lows of its working, success or failure of the organization to achieve its objective etc. Ratan Sharda has not followed this beaten path…… Author wishes to remove the veil of secrecy around the organization. One has to be careful not to seek permission of the organization about which one wishes to write. Such a writing then becomes propagandist. Ratan Sharda’s book has successfully avoided this trap…….Instead of depending on lectures of RSS Chiefs or writings of well-known intellectuals of RSS, he has tried to present Sangh’s philosophy in a different manner. He has quoted Western intellectuals of Indology extensively. He talks of need for organization for Hindus with different global reference points that give his arguments more weight. Ramesh Patange (Writer, Thinker, Social activist, ex-editor Vivek weekly) “Secrets of RSS” is essence of its author, Ratan Sharda. He has lived RSS. My most of initial understanding of RSS came through Ratan Sharda. He was open about the strengths and weakness of RSS and the reasons behind it. When I interacted with RSS on a personal level, I found Ratan Sharda to be accurate in his reasoning. I am glad that he wrote this book. For those who want to ridicule RSS there are many books. Those who want to understand RSS, for them this is the book. Sandeep Singh (www.swastik.net.in,Author, Management Consultant, Independent Director) Reading 'Secrets of RSS' turned me sentimental as I remembered my father who was in Jammu & Kashmir during 1948 army operations as an soldier. He had told me about sacrifice and dedication of young RSS volunteers during 1948 attack in helping army stop enemy advancing near Shrinagar. Infact, when his company was encircled by tribal army, RSS volunteers acted as the only line providing food and communication links at great risk to their own lives. Infact, scores of RSS volunteers perished in defence of India. My father used to say, this experience turned him into an RSS admirer. Infact, I attribute my own rise in life from very humble back ground to reach the top of the corporate ladder and my subsequent renunciation of material comfort for grassroots level activism through Loksatta also to RSS, being a RSS karyakarta in my formative years. I thank Ratan Sharda for bringing out unknown facts and facets of RSS." Surendra Shrivastava (ex- President Great Eastern Shipping Company, Senior leader of Loksatta Andolan) Balasaheb (Theckarey) used to feel that they should also have dedicated cadre like Sangh. He too established ‘shakhas’ of Shivsena for this purpose. You can create shakhas, but you cannot create intellectual programmes for them. Strength of Sangh lay in its intellectual training, it lay in training of its cadre in human relations and management. Like Sena, Socialists too couldn’t grasp this.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2014-2015-2Nd INTERIM DIVIDEND
    NMD_Div_YC_20_2014-2015-2ndINTERIM NMDC LIMITED STATEMENT SHOWING THE LIST OF SHARE HOLDERS - UNCLAIMED DIVIDEND PAGE : 1 NATURE OF AMOUNT : AMOUNT FOR UNCLAIMED AND UNPAID DIVIDEND FOR THE DIVIDEND YEAR:2014-2015-2nd INTERIM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SLNO NAME/FATHER NAME(S)/ADDRESS DPID/CLIENT ID/FOLIO AMOUNT DUE DATE WAR. NO. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1.A ARUN KUMAR 47200 1204720002215843 170.00 05/03/2022 3389301 ANALA PRABHAKAR RAO QR NO B 1 9 SBI COLONY SECTOR 8 BHILAI DURG 490006 2.A B KALYANI IN300513 16047812 55.00 05/03/2022 3386045 B H KALYANI BISMILA MANZIL RAIVAGHA AT AND PO ALINA TALUKA MAHUDHA ALINA GUJARAT 387305 3.A CHELLAPPAN 38400 1203840000482881 425.00 05/03/2022 3393039 ALWAR 94/4-PASUPATHI SIVAN COLONY OPP-PONMUDI HOSPITAL,BEEACH RD ERULAPPAPURAM-NGL NAGERCOIL 629001 4.A J DAWOOD 36000 1203600001267162 43.00 05/03/2022 3399932 ABDUL KHADER JAILANI OLD NO 36 NEW NO 52 THIRUVALLUVAR STREET CHENNAI SAIDAPET SOUTH CHENNAI CHENNAI 600033 5.A K BAKSHI IN300206 10270455 425.00 05/03/2022 3382488 LATE SHS P BAKSHI FLOT NO - 534 POCKET - V , PHASE-I MAYUR VIHAR DELHI 110091 6.A M ASHRAF 44500 1204450000154528 38.00 05/03/2022 3393649 MALIYACKAL BAPU MOHAMMEDALI ARAKKAL HOUSE KALLUR PO VADEKKEKAD TRICHUR 679562 7.A M SINGAIAH IN301356 20417058 425.00 05/03/2022 3392106 MUDDAIAH TYPE III/31 SOUTH BLOCK DONIMALAI 583118 8.A MARY STELLA 10900 1201090001882539
    [Show full text]
  • Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of Book Subject Publisher Year R.No
    Complete List of Books in Library Acc No Author Title of book Subject Publisher Year R.No. 1 Satkari Mookerjee The Jaina Philosophy of PHIL Bharat Jaina Parisat 8/A1 Non-Absolutism 3 Swami Nikilananda Ramakrishna PER/BIO Rider & Co. 17/B2 4 Selwyn Gurney Champion Readings From World ECO `Watts & Co., London 14/B2 & Dorothy Short Religion 6 Bhupendra Datta Swami Vivekananda PER/BIO Nababharat Pub., 17/A3 Calcutta 7 H.D. Lewis The Principal Upanisads PHIL George Allen & Unwin 8/A1 14 Jawaherlal Nehru Buddhist Texts PHIL Bruno Cassirer 8/A1 15 Bhagwat Saran Women In Rgveda PHIL Nada Kishore & Bros., 8/A1 Benares. 15 Bhagwat Saran Upadhya Women in Rgveda LIT 9/B1 16 A.P. Karmarkar The Religions of India PHIL Mira Publishing Lonavla 8/A1 House 17 Shri Krishna Menon Atma-Darshan PHIL Sri Vidya Samiti 8/A1 Atmananda 20 Henri de Lubac S.J. Aspects of Budhism PHIL sheed & ward 8/A1 21 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Dhirendra Nath Bose 8/A2 22 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam VolI 23 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vo.l III 24 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad Bhagabatam PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 25 J.M. Sanyal The Shrimad PHIL Oriental Pub. 8/A2 Bhagabatam Vol.V 26 Mahadev Desai The Gospel of Selfless G/REL Navijvan Press 14/B2 Action 28 Shankar Shankar's Children Art FIC/NOV Yamuna Shankar 2/A2 Number Volume 28 29 Nil The Adyar Library Bulletin LIT The Adyar Library and 9/B2 Research Centre 30 Fraser & Edwards Life And Teaching of PER/BIO Christian Literature 17/A3 Tukaram Society for India 40 Monier Williams Hinduism PHIL Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Media and ICT Systems, Globalisation, Militarism and Fundamentalisms by Anuradha M
    Media and ICT Systems, Globalisation, Militarism and Fundamentalisms By Anuradha M. Chenoy This paper was presented during the panel on globalised media and ICT systems and structures and their interrelationship with fundamentalism and militarism organised by Isis International-Manila during the World Social Forum in Mumbai, India in January 2004. \ he ICT systems, seen as a global 'open Such systems are replicated in many countries. In India, one ofthe leaders in ICTs, most ofus get three types i space' for information, have been a driv- of spam e-mail. The first is entitled something hke "Are -j ing force for globalisation. Do these you a true Indian?" or "Traitors ofIndia," etc. The second technologies promote global integration or seg type is generally a sex/pom site-related message or ad regation? Can they be used to advocate peace vertisement for Viagra,etc. The third is a commercial. This or militarism? Two aspects of their origins is neither coincidental nor unrelated. It is in keeping with the dominant ideological onslaught of our times that re should be remembered. First, they were es flect the intersecting ideologies of globalisation, sentially funded by the U.S. government as militarisation,fundamentahsm and patriarchy. part of military technology; and second, they "Media and ICT" has special meaning for fundamen were meant to be the cutting-edge precursor talist groups—they want to go back to 'tradition' but want and reason for neo-liberal globalisation that to use the latest technology to do so. In India, Hindu na- dissolves national barriers for the free flow of tionahst groups that comprise the Sangh Parivar^—the finance, technology and information.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthoney Udel 0060D
    INCLUSION WITHOUT MODERATION: POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION BY RELIGIOUS GROUPS by Cheryl Mariani Anthoney A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science and International Relations Spring 2018 © 2018 Cheryl Anthoney All Rights Reserved INCLUSION WITHOUT MODERATION: POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION BY RELIGIOUS GROUPS by Cheryl Mariani Anthoney Approved: __________________________________________________________ David P. Redlawsk, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Political Science and International Relations Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Ann L. Ardis, Ph.D. Senior Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Muqtedar Khan, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Stuart Kaufman,
    [Show full text]
  • Hindu Responses to Religious Diversity and the Nature of Post-Mortem Progress
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Hindu Responses to Religious Diversity and the Nature of Post-Mortem Progress The last two hundred years of Hindu–Christian encounters have produced distinctive forms of Hindu thought which, while often rooted in the broad philosophical-cultural continuities of Vedic outlooks, grappled with, on the one hand, the colonial pressures of European modernity, and, on the other hand, the numerous critiques by Christian theologians and missionaries on the Hindu life-worlds. Thus, the spectrum of Hindu responses from Raja Rammohun Roy through Swami Vivekananda to S. Radhakrishnan demonstrates attempts to creatively engage with Christian representations of Hindu belief and practice, by accepting their prima facie validity at one level while negating their adequacy at another. For instance, these figures of neo-Hinduism accepted that such ‘corruptions’ as Hinduism’s alleged idol- worship, anti-worldly ethic, caste-based distinctions and the like were all too visible on the socio-cultural domain, while they formulated revamped Vedic or Vedantic visions within which these were to be either rejected as excrescences or given demythologised interpretations. In Swami Vivekananda, we find on some occasions a more strident rejection of certain aspects of western civilization as steeped in materialist ‘excesses’ which needed to be purged through the light of Vedantic wisdom. Through such hermeneutical processes of retrieval, often carried out within contexts structured by British colonialism, these figures were able to offer forms of Hinduism that were signifiers not of the Oriental depravity that the British administrators, scholars and missionaries had claimed to perceive on the Indian landscapes but of a spiritual depth that transcended national, cultural and ethnic boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • “Re-Rigging” the Vedas: Examining the Effects of Changing Education and Purity Standards and Political Influence on the Contemporary Hindu Priesthood
    “Re-Rigging” the Vedas: Examining the Effects of Changing Education and Purity Standards and Political Influence on the Contemporary Hindu Priesthood Christine Shanaberger Religious Studies RST 490 David McMahan, advisor Submitted: May 4, 2006 Graduated: May 13, 2006 1 Introduction In the academic study of religion, we are often given impressions about a tradition that are textually accurate, but do not directly correspond with its practice amongst its devotees. Hinduism is one such tradition where scholarly work has been predominately textual and quite removed from practices “on the ground.” While most scholars recognize that many indigenous Hindu practices do not conform to the Brahmanical standards described in ancient Hindu texts, there has only recently been a movement to study the “popular,” non-Brahmanical traditions, let alone to look at the Brahmanical practice and its variance with ancient conventions. I have personally experienced this inconsistency between textual and popular Hinduism. After spending a semester in India, I quickly realized that my background in the study of Hinduism was, indeed, merely a background. I found myself re-learning aspects of the tradition and theology that I thought I had already understood and redefining the meaning of many practices as I learned of their practical application. Most importantly, I discovered that Hindu practices and beliefs are so diverse that I could never anticipate who would believe or practice in what way. I met many “modernized” Indians who both ignored and retained many orthodox elements of their traditions, priests who were unaware of even the most basic elements of Hindu mythology, and devotees who had no qualms engaging in both orthodox Brahmin and quite unorthodox non-Brahmin religious practices.
    [Show full text]
  • 5,000 General Studies
    SEN'S SCHOOL OF COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION 5,000 GENERAL STUDIES Question Answer 1. Alpha-keratin is a protein present in which thing? Wool 2. Where was the first session of the Constituent Assembly held? New Delhi 3. Which of the following is used as ‘a moderator in nuclear reactor? Graphite 4. Which planet looks reddish in the night sky? Mars 5. What was the source of the blue gem stone, lapis lazuli, for the people of Afghanistan Harappan culture? 6. Sachin Tendulkar scored his 100th international century against which’ Bangladesh country? 7. In baseball, the two opposing teams consist of howmany players? 9 players each 8. The improper function of which results in condition ‘Myxedema’ in human Thyroid gland beings? 9. In 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered four moons of which planet? Jupiter 10. In the Vedic society, which was the term used to denote a group of Grama families? 11. Who was the Chairman’ of the Union Constitution Committee of the Jawaharlal Nehru Constituent Assembly? 12. Which element that does not occur in nature but can be produced Plutonium artificially? 13. When had India a plan holiday? After the drought of 1966 14. How are Latitude and Longitude? Perpendicular to each other 15. Which Philosophy holds that the world is created and maintained by Jain Philosophy Universal Law? 16. Which book is authored by V.S. Naipaul? A House for Mr. Biswas 17. Which can be used for biological control of mosquitoes? Gambusia 18. Which proclamation of National Emergency automatically suspends? Right to freedom 19. The latitude of a place is the same as which place? Celestial pole 20.
    [Show full text]
  • Vivekananda Shila Smarak Ek Bharat Vijayi Bharat
    Vivekananda Shila Smarak Ek Bharat Vijayi Bharat Vivekananda Kendra Gratefully Remembers and Invites the Hundreds and Thousands Who or Whose Families Had Contributed to the Building of The Grand Vivekananda Rock Memorial at Kanyakumari in 1970 To Celebrate the 50th Year of the Memorial [1970-2020] And Renew the Association Swami Vivekananda on the last bit of Indian Rock “Sitting on the last bit of Indian rock—I hit upon a plan: Suppose some disinterested sannyasins, bent on doing good to others, go from village to village, disseminating education and seeking in various ways to better the condition of all, down to the last person—can’t that bring forth good in time?” “We, as a nation, have lost our individuality, and that is the cause of all mischief in India. We have to give back to the nation its lost individuality and raise the masses.” (In a letter written to Swami Ramakrishnananda on 19 March 1894) Swami Vivekananda’s mission for rejuvenation of Bharat began with the plan he had hit upon when he sat on “the last bit of Indian rock”. Now, thanks to the invaluable contribution from all of you, a beautiful memorial - to recall Swami Vivekananda beginning his mission for India - now stands on that last bit of rock. The Memorial, built by a truly national effort put together by the monumental work of Sri Eknath Ranade; the man behind the mighty work, was dedicated to the nation in September 1970. 3 As Swami Vivekananda had his inspiration from the rock, Eknath Ranade took inspiration from the memorial built on the rock to found the Vivekananda Kendra which has now grown into a mighty spiritually oriented service mission manned by thousands of karyakartas.
    [Show full text]
  • Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) – Sangh Parivar – Christians – Punjab
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: IND34592 Country: India Date: 2 April 2009 Keywords: India – Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) – Sangh Parivar – Christians – Punjab This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. What is the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Sangh Parivar? 2. What anti-Christian activities have they been involved in, in Punjab, over the past couple of years? RESPONSE 1. What is the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Sangh Parivar? An RRT research response dated 13 February 2009 provides information on the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Sangh Parivar (RRT Research & Information 2009, Research Response IND34298, 13 February (Question 1) – Attachment 1). The documents referred to in the research response include a research paper dated 2 May 2007 by the International Affairs and Defence Section of the UK Parliament House of Commons Library which indicates that: The BJP [Bharatiya Janata Party] is the political wing of the Sangh Parivar, a group of Hindu nationalist organisations which includes the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a national volunteer organisation, and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), an organisation of Hindu monks.
    [Show full text]
  • Academic Course Prospectus for the Session 2012-13
    PROSPECTUS 2012-13 With Application Form for Admission Secondary and Senior Secondary Courses fo|k/kue~loZ/kuaiz/kkue~ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING (An autonomous organisation under MHRD, Govt. of India) A-24-25, Institutional Area, Sector-62, NOIDA-201309 Website: www.nios.ac.in Learner Support Centre Toll Free No.: 1800 180 9393, E-mail: [email protected] NIOS: The Largest Open Schooling System in the World and an Examination Board of Government of India at par with CBSE/CISCE Reasons to Make National Institute of Open Schooling Your Choice 1. Freedom To Learn With a motto to 'reach out and reach all', NIOS follows the principle of freedom to learn i.e., what to learn, when to learn, how to learn and when to appear in the examination is decided by you. There is no restriction of time, place and pace of learning. 2. Flexibility The NIOS provides flexibility with respect to : • Choice of Subjects: You can choose subjects of your choice from the given list keeping in view the passing criteria. • Admission: You can take admission Online under various streams or through Study Centres at Secondary and Senior Secondary levels. • Examination: Public Examinations are held twice a year. Nine examination chances are offered in five years. You can take any examination during this period when you are well prepared and avail the facility of credit accumulation also. • On Demand Examination: You can also appear in the On-Demand Examination (ODES) of NIOS at Secondary and Senior Secondary levels at the Headquarter at NOIDA and All Regional Centres as and when you are ready for the examination after first public examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism
    Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK SECTION TWO INDIA edited by J. Bronkhorst A. Malinar VOLUME 22/5 Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism Volume V: Religious Symbols Hinduism and Migration: Contemporary Communities outside South Asia Some Modern Religious Groups and Teachers Edited by Knut A. Jacobsen (Editor-in-Chief ) Associate Editors Helene Basu Angelika Malinar Vasudha Narayanan Leiden • boston 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brill’s encyclopedia of Hinduism / edited by Knut A. Jacobsen (editor-in-chief); associate editors, Helene Basu, Angelika Malinar, Vasudha Narayanan. p. cm. — (Handbook of oriental studies. Section three, India, ISSN 0169-9377; v. 22/5) ISBN 978-90-04-17896-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Hinduism—Encyclopedias. I. Jacobsen, Knut A., 1956- II. Basu, Helene. III. Malinar, Angelika. IV. Narayanan, Vasudha. BL1105.B75 2009 294.503—dc22 2009023320 ISSN 0169-9377 ISBN 978 90 04 17896 0 Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. Printed in the Netherlands Table of Contents, Volume V Prelims Preface ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “Othering” Oneself: European Civilian Casualties and Representations of Gendered, Religious, and Racial Ideology During the Indian Rebellion of 1857
    “OTHERING” ONESELF: EUROPEAN CIVILIAN CASUALTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF GENDERED, RELIGIOUS, AND RACIAL IDEOLOGY DURING THE INDIAN REBELLION OF 1857 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences Florida Gulf Coast University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree of Masters of Arts in History By Stefanie A. Babb 2014 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in History ________________________________________ Stefanie A. Babb Approved: April 2014 _________________________________________ Eric A. Strahorn, Ph.D. Committee Chair / Advisor __________________________________________ Frances Davey, Ph.D __________________________________________ Habtamu Tegegne, Ph.D. The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Copyright © 2014 by Stefanie Babb All rights reserved One must claim the right and the duty of imagining the future, instead of accepting it. —Eduardo Galeano iv CONTENTS PREFACE v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE HISTORIOGRAPHY 12 CHAPTER TWO LET THE “OTHERING” BEGIN 35 Modes of Isolation 39 Colonial Thought 40 Racialization 45 Social Reforms 51 Political Policies 61 Conclusion 65 CHAPTER THREE LINES DRAWN 70 Outbreak at Meerut and the Siege on Delhi 70 The Cawnpore Massacres 78 Changeable Realities 93 Conclusion 100 CONCLUSION 102 APPENDIX A MAPS 108 APPENDIX B TIMELINE OF INDIAN REBELLION 112 BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 v Preface This thesis began as a seminar paper that was written in conjunction with the International Civilians in Warfare Conference hosted by Florida Gulf Coast University, February, 2012.
    [Show full text]