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Ecology of Upland Snake Communities in Managed Montane Longleaf Pine Habitats of Georgia Miranda Gulsby Kennesaw State University
Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses Biology Summer 7-25-2019 Ecology of Upland Snake Communities in Managed Montane Longleaf Pine Habitats of Georgia Miranda Gulsby Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/integrbiol_etd Part of the Integrative Biology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Gulsby, Miranda, "Ecology of Upland Snake Communities in Managed Montane Longleaf Pine Habitats of Georgia" (2019). Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses. 48. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/integrbiol_etd/48 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology at DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ecology of Upland Snake Communities in Managed Montane Longleaf Pine Habitats of Georgia Miranda Louise Gulsby A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements of the Master of Science in Integrative Biology for the Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Kennesaw State University 1000 Chastain Road Kennesaw, Ga 30144 July 2019 Major Advisor: Thomas McElroy, Ph. D. Committee Members: Joel McNeal, Ph. -
Significant New Records of Amphibians and Reptiles from Georgia, USA
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 597 Herpetological Review, 2015, 46(4), 597–601. © 2015 by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Significant New Records of Amphibians and Reptiles from Georgia, USA Distributional maps found in Amphibians and Reptiles of records for a variety of amphibian and reptile species in Georgia. Georgia (Jensen et al. 2008), along with subsequent geographical All records below were verified by David Bechler (VSU), Nikole distribution notes published in Herpetological Review, serve Castleberry (GMNH), David Laurencio (AUM), Lance McBrayer as essential references for county-level occurrence data for (GSU), and David Steen (SRSU), and datum used was WGS84. herpetofauna in Georgia. Collectively, these resources aid Standard English names follow Crother (2012). biologists by helping to identify distributional gaps for which to target survey efforts. Herein we report newly documented county CAUDATA — SALAMANDERS DIRK J. STEVENSON AMBYSTOMA OPACUM (Marbled Salamander). CALHOUN CO.: CHRISTOPHER L. JENKINS 7.8 km W Leary (31.488749°N, 84.595917°W). 18 October 2014. D. KEVIN M. STOHLGREN Stevenson. GMNH 50875. LOWNDES CO.: Langdale Park, Valdosta The Orianne Society, 100 Phoenix Road, Athens, (30.878524°N, 83.317114°W). 3 April 1998. J. Evans. VSU C0015. Georgia 30605, USA First Georgia record for the Suwannee River drainage. MURRAY JOHN B. JENSEN* CO.: Conasauga Natural Area (34.845116°N, 84.848180°W). 12 Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 116 Rum November 2013. N. Klaus and C. Muise. GMNH 50548. Creek Drive, Forsyth, Georgia 31029, USA DAVID L. BECHLER Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, AMBYSTOMA TALPOIDEUM (Mole Salamander). BERRIEN CO.: Georgia 31602, USA St. -
Reptiles in Arkansas
Terrestrial Reptile Report Carphophis amoenus Co mmon Wor msnake Class: Reptilia Order: Serpentes Family: Colubridae Priority Score: 19 out of 100 Population Trend: Unknown Global Rank: G5 — Secure State Rank: S2 — Imperiled in Arkansas Distribution Occurrence Records Ecoregions where the species occurs: Ozark Highlands Boston Mountains Arkansas Valley Ouachita Mountains South Central Plains Mississippi Alluvial Plain Mississippi Valley Loess Plain Carphophis amoenus Common Wormsnake 1079 Terrestrial Reptile Report Habitat Map Habitats Weight Crowley's Ridge Loess Slope Forest Obligate Lower Mississippi Flatwoods Woodland and Forest Suitable Problems Faced KNOWN PROBLEM: Habitat loss due to conversion Threat: Habitat destruction or to agriculture. conversion Source: Agricultural practices KNOWN PROBLEM: Habitat loss due to forestry Threat: Habitat destruction or practices. conversion Source: Forestry activities Data Gaps/Research Needs Genetic analyses comparing Arkansas populations with populations east of the Mississippi River and the Western worm snake. Conservation Actions Importance Category More data are needed to determine conservation actions. Monitoring Strategies More information is needed to develop a monitoring strategy. Carphophis amoenus Common Wormsnake 1080 Terrestrial Reptile Report Comments Trauth and others (2004) summarized the literature and biology of this snake. In April 2005, two new geographic distribution records were collected in Loess Slope Forest habitat within St. Francis National Forest, south of the Mariana -
Ecological Studies of the Smooth Earth Snake and Redbelly Snake, and Niche Modeling of Forest Species in Eastern Kansas
Ecological Studies of the Smooth Earth Snake and Redbelly Snake, and Niche Modeling of Forest Species in Eastern Kansas August 12, 2014 William H. Busbya, George R. Pisania, E. Townsend Petersonb, and Narayani Barveb aKansas Biological Survey 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence, KS 66047-3759 bBiodiversity Institute University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045 Submitted to: Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism 512 SE 25th Avenue Pratt, KS 67124-5911 1 Table of Contents Chapter I. Ecological Studies of the Smooth Earth Snake and Redbelly Snake in Eastern Kansas Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................4 Methods............................................................................................................................................6 Results ..............................................................................................................................................8 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................11 Specific Proposal Questions Addressed by New Work ............................................................16 Northeast Kansas Habitats ........................................................................................................16 Reproduction -
Biodiversity from Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats of Georgia, USA
Kirk S. Zigler, Matthew L. Niemiller, Charles D.R. Stephen, Breanne N. Ayala, Marc A. Milne, Nicholas S. Gladstone, Annette S. Engel, John B. Jensen, Carlos D. Camp, James C. Ozier, and Alan Cressler. Biodiversity from caves and other subterranean habitats of Georgia, USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 82, no. 2, p. 125-167. DOI:10.4311/2019LSC0125 BIODIVERSITY FROM CAVES AND OTHER SUBTERRANEAN HABITATS OF GEORGIA, USA Kirk S. Zigler1C, Matthew L. Niemiller2, Charles D.R. Stephen3, Breanne N. Ayala1, Marc A. Milne4, Nicholas S. Gladstone5, Annette S. Engel6, John B. Jensen7, Carlos D. Camp8, James C. Ozier9, and Alan Cressler10 Abstract We provide an annotated checklist of species recorded from caves and other subterranean habitats in the state of Georgia, USA. We report 281 species (228 invertebrates and 53 vertebrates), including 51 troglobionts (cave-obligate species), from more than 150 sites (caves, springs, and wells). Endemism is high; of the troglobionts, 17 (33 % of those known from the state) are endemic to Georgia and seven (14 %) are known from a single cave. We identified three biogeographic clusters of troglobionts. Two clusters are located in the northwestern part of the state, west of Lookout Mountain in Lookout Valley and east of Lookout Mountain in the Valley and Ridge. In addition, there is a group of tro- globionts found only in the southwestern corner of the state and associated with the Upper Floridan Aquifer. At least two dozen potentially undescribed species have been collected from caves; clarifying the taxonomic status of these organisms would improve our understanding of cave biodiversity in the state. -
A Guide to Missouri's Snakes
A GUIDE TO MISSOURI’S SNAKES MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION A Guide to Missouri’s Snakes by Jeffrey T. Briggler, herpetologist, and Tom R. Johnson, retired herpetologist, Missouri Department of Conservation Photographs by Jeffrey T. Briggler, Richard Daniel, Tom R. Johnson, and Jim Rathert Edited by Larry Archer Design by Susan Ferber Front cover: Eastern milksnake. Photo by Jim Rathert. mdc.mo.gov Copyright © 2017 by the Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri Published by the Missouri Department of Conservation PO Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102–0180 Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Missouri Depart- ment of Conservation is available to all individuals without regard to their race, color, religion, national origin, sex, ancestry, age, sexual orientation, veteran status, or disability. Questions should be directed to the Department of Conser- vation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, 573-751-4115 (voice) or 800-735-2966 (TTY), or to Chief, Public Civil Rights, Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240. GET TO KNOW MISSOURI’S SNAKES Snakes have generated more fear and misunderstanding than any other group of animals. Psychologists have proven that a fear of snakes (called ophidiophobia) is acquired; we are not born with it. Once people learn some of the interesting facts about snakes and discover that most of them are harmless and beneficial, their aversion may diminish. With patience and understanding, almost anyone can overcome a dread of snakes and actually enjoy studying them. One thing is certain — even people with a well-developed fear of snakes are curious about them. -
Eastern Wormsnake Carphophis Amoenus
Natural Heritage Eastern Wormsnake & Endangered Species Carphophis amoenus Program State Status: Threatened www.mass.gov/nhesp Federal Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife DESCRIPTION: Eastern Wormsnakes are small, glossy, thin snakes, and range from 18-37 cm (7-14.5 inches) in length. The body is unpatterned, gray or tan to dark brown. Distinguishing characteristics include a slightly flattened and pointed nose, small eyes, and a pink venter. Venter coloration extends onto sides of body to include 1st to 2nd scale rows. The tail length is short and has a blunt spine-like tip. The body typically has 13 scale rows. The scales are unkeeled and the annual plate is divided. They are a non-venomous snake in the Coluidae family. Based on research conducted in Kentucky, females Eastern Wormsnakes are slightly larger than males (mass: F = about 6.6g, M = about 4.6g); number of ventral scales (F = 112-150, M = 106-138). However, Copyright J.D.Wilson, 2006; www.discoverlife.org males have a longer tail length/body length (F = 11.3- 20.3, M = 13.4-20.4) and greater average number of SIMILAR SPECIES IN MASSACHUSETTS: There subcaudal scales (F = 14-36, M = 25-40). are three small snakes in Massachusetts that may be confused with the Eastern Wormsnake. The little brown Juveniles look like adults but the pattern is darker brown snake (Storeria dekayi) has a faint pattern of parallel and the venter brighter pink. spotting on the dorsum and lacks a pointed snout. The ring-necked snake (Diadophis punctatus) has a distinct cream or yellow colored ring across the neck and a cream colored venter; some have black crescent-shaped spots down the mid-venter. -
Development and Assessment of a Wildlife Habitat Relationship Model for Terrestrial Vertebrates in the State of Maryland
DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF A WILDLIFE HABITAT RELATIONSHIP MODEL FOR TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND by Robert John Northrop A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Wildlife Ecology Spring 2009 Copyright 2009 Robert John Northrop All Rights Reserved DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF A WILDLIFE HABITAT RELATIONSHIP MODEL FOR TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND by Robert John Northrop Approved: __________________________________________________________ Jacob L. Bowman, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Douglas W. Tallamy, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Approved: __________________________________________________________ Robin Morgan, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Approved: __________________________________________________________ Debra Hess Norris, M.S. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Jacob Bowman for his patience and continuing support over the past several years. Thanks to Dr. Roland Roth who originally asked me to teach at the University of Delaware in 1989. The experience of teaching wildlife conservation and management at the University for 14 years has changed the way I approach my professional life as a forest ecologist. I also offer a big thank – you to all my students at the University I have learned more from you than you can imagine. I am grateful to the U.S. Forest Service, Dr. Mark Twery and Scott Thomasma, for funding the initial literature review and research, and for ongoing database support as we use this work to build a useful conservation tool for planners and natural resource managers in Maryland. -
Smooth Earth Snake N
REIpI1LIA: SQUAMATA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE VIRGINIA VALERIAE Catalogue of American Amphbians and Reptiles. P collected by M. Harpen (date of collection unknown) (not ex- amined by authors). Powell, R,J.T. Collins, and L.D. Fish. 1992. Virginia w&&e Cohrta (Celuta) barperti: Lihtenstein and von Manens, 18%:23. Virginia batperti: Cope, 1875:35. Virginia vvalet3ae Baird and Ghd Catpcpbis Harpetii: Bocoun, 1883:542. smooth Earth snake Viriginia valeriaeVar. barperti: Garman, 1883166. Virginia ualeriae Baird and Girard, 1853:127. Type-locality, 'Kent Content. Three subspecies anrecognized: ualeriae, efeganr, County, Maryland." Typespecimen, National Museum of Natu- pulcbra, but see Comment. ral History (USNM) 1962, an adult (sex unknown) collected by Valeria Blaney (date of collection unknown) (not examined by Defhition. Virginia ualeriue is a small (TI. to 393 mm) authors). colubrid snake characterizedby a cone-shaped head, 19-20 maxillary CarpcpbisHaw:Dudril, Bibron, and Dudril, 1854:135. Type- teeth, 15-17 rowsof mostly smooth body scales (some scalesnear the locality, 'I1 nous a ete envoy6 de Savannah (Caroline du Sud)." vent may be weakly keeled), and a divided anal scute. In males -specimen, unknown, apparently an adult (sex unknown) ventrals number 109-126, subcaudals 29-45, and tail length is 12-22% Pfgure 1. Virginia ualeriaepulcbm from Cameron County, Pennsylvania. Photograph by S.L. Collins and J.T. Collins. n Map. Range of Virginia valeriae. Large open circles indicate type-localities, solid circles mark other records. P I I Flgure4. Median (A) and posterior (B) surfacesofthe left hemipenis of Virginia v. mleriae (from Clark, 1964). Descriptions. In addition to the original descriptions cited in the synonymy and those in many regional and field guides, descriptions may be found in DumEril et al. -
Legal Authority Over the Use of Native Amphibians and Reptiles in the United States State of the Union
STATE OF THE UNION: Legal Authority Over the Use of Native Amphibians and Reptiles in the United States STATE OF THE UNION: Legal Authority Over the Use of Native Amphibians and Reptiles in the United States Coordinating Editors Priya Nanjappa1 and Paulette M. Conrad2 Editorial Assistants Randi Logsdon3, Cara Allen3, Brian Todd4, and Betsy Bolster3 1Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies Washington, DC 2Nevada Department of Wildlife Las Vegas, NV 3California Department of Fish and Game Sacramento, CA 4University of California-Davis Davis, CA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS WE THANK THE FOLLOWING PARTNERS FOR FUNDING AND IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT, EDITING, AND PRODUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT: US Fish & Wildlife Service Competitive State Wildlife Grant Program funding for “Amphibian & Reptile Conservation Need” proposal, with its five primary partner states: l Missouri Department of Conservation l Nevada Department of Wildlife l California Department of Fish and Game l Georgia Department of Natural Resources l Michigan Department of Natural Resources Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies Missouri Conservation Heritage Foundation Arizona Game and Fish Department US Fish & Wildlife Service, International Affairs, International Wildlife Trade Program DJ Case & Associates Special thanks to Victor Young for his skill and assistance in graphic design for this document. 2009 Amphibian & Reptile Regulatory Summit Planning Team: Polly Conrad (Nevada Department of Wildlife), Gene Elms (Arizona Game and Fish Department), Mike Harris (Georgia Department of Natural Resources), Captain Linda Harrison (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission), Priya Nanjappa (Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies), Matt Wagner (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department), and Captain John West (since retired, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission) Nanjappa, P. -
Snakes of New Jersey Brochure
Introduction Throughout history, no other group of animals has undergone and sur- Snakes: Descriptions, Pictures and 4. Corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata): vived such mass disdain. Today, in spite of the overwhelming common 24”-72”L. The corn snake is a ➣ Wash the bite with soap and water. Snakes have been around for over 100,000,000 years and despite the Range Maps state endangered species found odds, historically, 23 species of snakes existed in New Jersey. However, sense and the biological facts that attest to the snake’s value to our 1. Northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon): ➣ Immobilize the bitten area and keep it lower than your environment, a good portion of the general public still looks on the in the Pine Barrens of NJ. It heart. most herpetologists believe the non-venomous queen snake is now 22”-53”L. This is one of the most inhabits sandy, forested areas SNAKES OF extirpated (locally extinct) in New Jersey. 22 species of snakes can still snake as something to be feared, destroyed, or at best relegated to common snakes in NJ, inhabit- preferring pine-oak forest with be found in the most densely populated state in the country. Two of our glassed-in cages at zoos. ing freshwater streams, ponds, an understory of low brush. It ➣ lakes, swamps, marshes, and What not to do if bitten by a snake species are venomous, the timber rattlesnake and the northern All snakes can swim, but only the northern water snake and may also be found in hollow queen snake rely heavily on waterbodies. -
Venomous Snakes in Pennsylvania
Coexisting with snakes Snakes are an essential component of Pennsylvania’s wildlife What are the Differences? resources. Fear of snakes often stems from a lack of knowledge of its habits and role in the ecosystem. Some people don’t think about Pennsylvania snakes until snakes show up in their backyard, shed or house. The Venomous or nonvenomous? majority of snakes appearing in these areas are nonvenomous and There are 18 nonvenomous and three venomous snake harmless. Still, it is understandable that when a snake is discovered Snakes species in Pennsylvania. Some key physical differences between near or in the house, people quickly seek a way to remove it. these two groups of Pennsylvania snakes facilitate identification. Take precautions to prevent snakes from entering dwellings. All Pennsylvania native venomous snakes possess an Sealing openings and cracks, especially at or near ground level, is indentation or pit on each side of the head between the eye and an excellent preventive measure. Removing debris in the yard or nostril, a vertically elliptical eye pupil resembling that of a cat, and moving the wood pile farther from the house can also help. Snakes a single row of scales on the underside of the tail. have biological needs such as food and cover that must be met Nonvenomous Pennsylvania native snakes do not possess for them to remain in a location. If those needs are not met, they facial pits, have round eye pupils and a double row of scales on move on. the underside of the tail. Field guides are great tools for bridging gaps in knowledge.