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Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific
Advancing banana and plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific Proceedings of the 9th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting held at South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China - 2-5 November 1999 A. B. Molina and V. N. Roa, editors The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: · To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. · To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. · To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. · To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. Since May 1994, INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRIs mandate is to advocate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRIs headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). -
Introduction
Introduction illets are called so because many thousands of grains are Mharvested from each seed sown. Besides the two major millets- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum Barnyard Millet typhoides), there are several small millets like finger millet (Eleusine coracana), kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatam), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), barnyard millet (Echinochloa colona), little millet (Panicum sumatrense) and Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi), which are cultivated in India. They are all classified as “coarse cereals”. Such labeling has degraded their value, even though millets are the most nutritious of all cereals. Small millets have really small sized grains with 2.1 - 7.1 grams/1000 grains weight and 1.4 - 5.1 ml/1000 grain volume of the well filled grains, whose density ranges form 1.34 - 1.42 grams/ml. They are spherical to oval shaped and possess coloured seed coats (see key to the Indian millets and Table I). In this book, the two major millets cultivated in India, sorghum and pearl millets are also included along with the small millets mentioned above. 1 Millets are grown in arid, semi arid or montane zones as rainfed crops under marginal conditions of soil fertility and moisture, where little else can be grown. Their annual production is less than 2% of the total world grain production. However they are of great local importance as staples and as reserve crops in marginal areas. Thus, they are major source of energy and protein for millions of people and fodder for cattle in vast tracts of Asia and Africa. -
Thai Finest Delicious
Chef woody’s selections BANGKOK BAY 24 Stir-fried shrimp, scallops, and calamari with asparagus, Chinese eggplant, red bell peppers, jumbo onions, long hot peppers, and basil leaves in spicy basil sauce BANANA PLA SAM ROD 29 Thai Finest Delicious Sautéed chili, tamarind sauce with jumbo onions, red bell peppers, and long hot peppers served on crisp whole red snapper STARTERS fillets GAENG NUA 21 THAI SPRING ROLLS 6 Slow Cooker beef Thai curry with coconut milk. Served with Four fried rolls stuffed with glass noodles, carrots, taro, and steamed broccoli, onions, ginger, carrots, and asparagus cabbage. Served with sweet & sour sauce RED OCEAN 25 THAI SUMMER ROLLS 6 Shrimp & scallop sautéed with roasted chili sauce, asparagus, Two non-fried rolls stuffed with shrimp, imitation crab meat, broccoli, onions, carrots, red bell peppers, long hot peppers, and green leaf lettuce, rice noodles, bean sprouts, and fresh basil basil leaves leaves. Served with peanut butter dipping sauce, topped with ground peanuts SALMON CHA CHA CHA 23 EDAMAME 4 Pan-grilled salmon with lesser galangal, kaffir lime leaves, Boiled Edamame soybeans in their pod, tossed with salt mushrooms, Chinese eggplant, red bell peppers, long hot peppers, young pepper seeds, and basil leaves GYOZA (JAPANESE POTSTICKERS) 6 Juicy on the inside, crispy and golden brown on the outside, these BA-RAM-U 39 pan-fried vegetable dumplings served with soy vinaigrette Thai-Style BBQ lamb chops served with broccoli, carrots, dipping sauce mushrooms, asparagus, onions, and red bell peppers, stir-fried -
Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1 Jonathan H
HS10 Banana Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1 Jonathan H. Crane and Carlos F. Balerdi2 Scientific name: Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana per plant than sweet bananas. The groups differ in whether the male parts of the inflorescence are persistent or absent. Common names for banana: English—banana, plantain; Spanish—banano, platano, guineo, cambur History and Distribution Common names for plantain: English—plantain, horse The banana and plantain are native to southeast Asia, banana; Spanish—platano where they have been cultivated for thousands of years. Bananas are believed to have been introduced to Africa in Family: Musaceae prehistoric times. Recent evidence suggests bananas were introduced into the New World (Ecuador) by southeast Relatives of banana within the Order Zingiberales: Asians around 200 BCE, and more recently by Portuguese Numerous ornamental plants including traveler’s palm, and Spanish explorers in the early 16th century. The bird-of-paradise, heliconia, and ginger. Portuguese introduced bananas into the Canary Islands and the Spanish to the Island of Hispaniola during the 1500s. Introduction Susceptibility to frost keeps the banana from spreading Bananas are vigorously growing, monocotyledonous beyond the tropics and the warm subtropics. However, herbaceous plants. There are two species of banana, Musa bananas are grown commercially in a number of subtropi- acuminata and M. balbisiana, and most banana cultivars cal areas such as Australia, Morocco, South Africa, Egypt, are hybrids of these species. Banana cultivars vary greatly Israel, the Canary Islands, and south Florida. In some areas, in plant and fruit size, plant morphology, fruit quality, and bananas are grown inside plastic or glass covered structures. -
Banana Leaf Gluten Free Certified
Disclaimer: Gluten-Free Soy-Sauce, hoisin & Oyster-Sauce are Banana Leaf Gluten Free Certified. The rest of ingredients are ONLY Best Estimates (Not Certified). Consumption is at your OWN RISK. Appetizers/ Salads/ Soup Gado-Gado jicama, lettuce, cucumber, seared tofu, peanut sauce $14.50 Satay Chicken $14.95, Beef or Combo Satay $17.95 cucumber, onion, peanut sauce Green Papaya & Mango Salad shrimps, roasted almond, kesom leaf $13.95 Fresh Hand Roll shrimps, bean sprouts, thai basil, rice paper, peanut sauce $12.50 Sambal Anchovy onion, cucumber $9.50 Tom Yam Soup hot & sour, seafoods or chicken, mushroom, kaffir lime leaf, lemon grass $14.95 (small) $17.50 (large) Galangal & Kaffir Lime Soup seafood or chicken, coconut milk, mushroom, galangal $14.95 (small) $17.50 (large) Poulty Mango Chicken green & red pepper in mango shells $16.95 Utama Basil Chicken selected veggie, red onion, thai chili $16.50 Singaporean Black Pepper Chicken eggplant, string beans $16.50 Rendang Chicken Malay curry sauce $16.50 Green or Red Curry Chicken varietal vegetables, soft tofu $16.50 Penang Sizzling Chicken green & red bell pepper, sweet onion, creamy shrimp paste $16.95 Beef & Lamb (Serving pastured beef shank & lamb, Certified Angus Steak) Rendang Braised Beef Shank malay curry $18.95 Green or Red Curry Beef certified angus steak, varietal vegetables, soft tofu $18.95 Nyonya Shaking Beef certified angus steak, anaheim chili, red bell peppers, sweet onion, thai chili $20.95 Utama Basil Beef certified angus steak, selected veggie, red onion, thai chili -
Selection of Principal Starchy Food in a Livelihood System Based on Bananas: the Formation of Food Culture in Buganda, Central Uganda
Selection of Principal Starchy Food in a Livelihood System Based on Bananas: The Formation of Food Culture in Buganda, Central Uganda YASUAKI SATO Osaka Sangyo University In part of the Great Lakes Region of East Mrica, people make their livelihoods by intensively using bananas as a principal starchy food (PSF) as well as a wide variety of other crops. This study examines the selection of the PSF in terms of the cropping patterns and the food-use system among the Ganda people of Central Uganda. Data on their crops suggest that combin ing production of bananas and other crops is essential for a stable food supply. The ecological characteristics of bananas and the decisions of each household have great influence on cropping patterns. Regarding food use, descriptions reveal that delicate techniques and sensibilities in preparing banana meals are remarkably developed and are also applied to other crops. In this way, an analysis of neither a framework of people's adaptations to external conditions nor one of food preferences is adequate to understand the complex people-nature relation in a study of food culture. Rather, it is crucial to use both frameworks in understanding the formation of food culture. Keywords: agriculture, banana, food culture, Ganda, principal starchy food (PSF), Uganda 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. 'Ihe Ganda People and Bananas In part of the Great Lakes Region in East Mrica, including Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, banana is an indispensable staple food crop. People heavily depend on banana crops in terms of agricultural landscape, subsistence economy, and local customs (c£ Sato & Shigeta 2006; Shigeta & Sato 2006). -
Processing and Characterisation of Banana Leaf Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Cassava Starch Composites
polymers Article Processing and Characterisation of Banana Leaf Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Cassava Starch Composites Ridhwan Jumaidin 1,* , Nuraliah Ahmad Diah 1, R. A. Ilyas 2,3 , Roziela Hanim Alamjuri 4,* and Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof 5 1 Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia 4 Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia 5 UNIKL MICET, Taboh Naning, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.J.); [email protected] (R.H.A.) Abstract: Increasing environmental concerns have led to greater attention to the development of biodegradable materials. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of banana leaf fibre (BLF) on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS). The biocomposites were prepared by incorporating 10 to 50 wt.% BLF into the TPCS matrix. The samples were charac- terised for their thermal and mechanical properties. The results showed that there were significant Citation: Jumaidin, R.; Diah, N.A.; increments in the tensile and flexural properties of the materials, with the highest strength and mod- Ilyas, R.A.; Alamjuri, R.H.; Yusof, ulus values obtained at 40 wt.% BLF content. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition F.A.M. -
Banana Root System: Towards a Better Understanding for Its Productive
Banana Root System: towards a better understanding for its productive management Proceedings of an international symposium held in San José, Costa Rica, 3-5 November 2003 Sistema Radical del Banano: hacia un mejor conocimiento para su manejo productivo Memorias de un simposio internacional, San José, Costa Rica, 3-5 noviembre 2003 David W. Turner and Franklin E. Rosales, editors INIBAP – International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain The mission of INIBAP is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: • To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity • To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related research activities at the national, regional and global levels • To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains • To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. INIBAP is a network of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), a Future Harvest centre. MUSALAC – Banana and Plantain Research and Development Network for Latin America and the Caribbean MUSALAC was created under the umbrella of FORAGRO on 6 June 2000 in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, following the signing of a Constitution Agreement. MUSALAC is composed of 15 national research and development institutions representing their respective country (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Venezuela) and 4 regional/international institutions (CATIE, CIRAD, IICA and INIBAP). -
Musa Species (Bananas and Plantains) Authors: Scot C
August 2006 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry ver. 2.2 www.traditionaltree.org Musa species (banana and plantain) Musaceae (banana family) aga‘ (ripe banana) (Chamorro), banana, dessert banana, plantain, cooking banana (English); chotda (Chamorro, Guam, Northern Marianas); fa‘i (Samoa); hopa (Tonga); leka, jaina (Fiji); mai‘a (Hawai‘i); maika, panama (New Zealand: Maori); meika, mei‘a (French Polynesia); siaine (introduced cultivars), hopa (native) (Tonga); sou (Solomon Islands); te banana (Kiribati); uchu (Chuuk); uht (Pohnpei); usr (Kosrae) Scot C. Nelson, Randy C. Ploetz, and Angela Kay Kepler IN BRIEF h C vit Distribution Native to the Indo-Malesian, E El Asian, and Australian tropics, banana and C. plantain are now found throughout the tropics and subtropics. photo: Size 2–9 m (6.6–30 ft) tall at maturity. Habitat Widely adapted, growing at eleva- tions of 0–920 m (0–3000 ft) or more, de- pending on latitude; mean annual tempera- tures of 26–30°C (79–86°F); annual rainfall of 2000 mm (80 in) or higher for commercial production. Vegetation Associated with a wide range of tropical lowland forest plants, as well as nu- merous cultivated tropical plants. Soils Grows in a wide range of soils, prefer- ably well drained. Growth rate Each stalk grows rapidly until flowering. Main agroforestry uses Crop shade, mulch, living fence. Main products Staple food, fodder, fiber. Yields Up to 40,000 kg of fruit per hectare (35,000 lb/ac) annually in commercial or- Banana and plantain are chards. traditionally found in Pacific Intercropping Traditionally grown in mixed island gardens such as here in Apia, Samoa, although seri- cropping systems throughout the Pacific. -
Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific
AdvancingAdvancing bananabanana andand plantainplantain RR && DD inin AsiaAsia andand thethe PacificPacific -- VVol.ol. 1010 Proceedings of the 10th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting held at Bangkok, Thailand -- 10-11 November 2000 A.B. Molina, V.N. Roa and M.A.G. Maghuyop, editors The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: • To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. • To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. • To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. • To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. Since May 1994, INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), a Future Harvest Centre. The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRI’s mandate is to advocate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRI’s headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). -
Bananas and Plantains
Genus Musa Section Eumusa Bananas and Plantains Section Eumusa Q Major species of economic importance – Musa acuminata (A genome) – Musa balbisiana (B genome) Family: Musaceae – Musa balbisiana (B genome) Q Ploidy levels of commercial bananas Genus: Musa – Diploid, AA and BB Species: – Triploid, AAA, AAB, ABB M. acuminata – Tetraploid, AAAA, AABB, ABBB M. balbisiana Q Major evolutionary events – Probably millennia ago Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Types of Bananas Banana Origin and Domestication Q Banana – Desert banana, fresh Reached Europe consumption by 1516 – AAA ABB AAB ABBB Before 200 AD Q Plantain AB AAB Industry developed in Late 19th Century AAA ABB – Cooking, Meal, AA AABB AA AAAB Vegetable banana AAA Vegetable banana AAB – Plátano, banano macho – AAB or ABB Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Banana Cultivation and Climate Adaptation: Hot Humid Tropics Most Banana/Plantain Production within Region with Winter Temperate Greater than 15.5 C (60 F) and Q Temperature Rainfall greater than 1,270 mm (50”) – Frost free – Mean temperature of 27 C (80 F) January 15.5 C isotherm – Minimum winter temp of 15.5 C (60 F) 1,270 mm isohyets Q Moisture – Rain, 100 mm (4.0”) per month 1,270 mm isohyets Q Soil – Good drainage is needed – Good drainage is needed June 15.5 C isotherm – Slightly acid, pH 5.5 to 6.5 (Figure 6.1 from Simmonds, 1966) Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University 1 Banana Cultivation and Climate Banana Cultivation -
Black Leaf Streak of Banana
Plant Disease Sept. 2008 PD-50 Black Leaf Streak of Banana Scot Nelson Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences lack leaf streak (BLS) is caused by the plant-patho- the relative proportion of Musa acuminata (A) and Musa genic fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis. This prob- balbisiana (B) chromosome sets in their genome. Most lem,B also known as black Sigatoka, is the most important of the familiar, seedless, cultivated varieties (cultivars) of disease of banana (Musa species) worldwide. In Hawai‘i banana are triploid hybrids (AAA, AAB, ABB). Diploids it occurs most severely in high-rainfall areas. The disease (AA, AB, BB) and tetraploids (AAAA, AAAB, AABB, only affects banana and through reduced photosynthesis ABBB) are rare, being mostly experimental hybrids. and defoliation can severely reduce banana bunch yield There is a great diversity among native banana varieties and fruit quality. in the Pacific, particularly from Papua New Guinea and Depending on factors such as cultivar, location, cultur- the Solomon Islands. al practices, and fungicide(s) selected, up to 24 fungicide spray applications per year may be needed to produce The pathogen acceptable banana yields at large plantations in Hawai‘i. The fungus, M. fijiensis M. Morelet (anamorph: Paracer- However, with a sufficient fertilizer plan and the use of cospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton) infects leaves sound cultural practices, the average backyard grower of host plants (banana and plantain) and may develop can cope with BLS fairly well. locally distinct strains that vary in This publication discusses black virulence and in other traits, such as leaf streak disease of banana in resistance to certain fungicides.