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Sp Sandro Cavalcanti Rollo O Habeas Corpus PONTÍFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP SANDRO CAVALCANTI ROLLO O HABEAS CORPUS PARA ALÉM DA ESPÉCIE HUMANA MESTRADO EM DIREITO SÃO PAULO 2016 PONTÍFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP SANDRO CAVALCANTI ROLLO O HABEAS CORPUS PARA ALÉM DA ESPÉCIE HUMANA MESTRADO EM DIREITO Dissertação apresentada à Banca Exami- nadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, na área de concentração Direito Processo Penal, sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda. SÃO PAULO 2016 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP SANDRO CAVALCANTI ROLLO O HABEAS CORPUS PARA ALÉM DA ESPÉCIE HUMANA Dissertação apresentada à Banca Exami- nadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, na área de concentração Direito Processual Penal, sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda. Aprovada em: _____/____/____ Banca Examinadora Professora Doutora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda (Orientadora) Instituição: PUC-SP. Assinatura_______________________________ Julgamento:______________________________________________________ Professor Doutor Cláudio José Langroiva Pereira Instituição: PUC-SP. Assinatura_______________________________ Julgamento:______________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Danielle Tetü Rodrigues Instituição: PUC-PR. Assinatura_______________________________ Julgamento:______________________________________ Aos animais: meu profundo respeito por suas vidas. AGRADECIMENTOS Um agradecimento especial, inicialmente, será feito ao Wolf, que, em outubro de 2015, nos deixou e sua ausência ainda é dolorosamente sentida. Agradeço a você, meu amigo, os momentos de grande alegria e aprendizado que me proporcionou. Ja- mais esquecerei os diversos gestos de carinho e afeto que me deu, ainda que eu fosse um indivíduo relativamente recente no final de sua vida. Nossa relação, assim como a que continuo a ter com a Teka e agora com o Luke, me ajudou a compreender que não apenas a minha vida e a de meus semelhantes têm valor. Nossa relação me ajudou a continuar modificando a relação que possuo com os demais animais, na busca pelo tratamento justo à vida senciente. Dedico especialmente a você, grande amigo, esse trabalho. Aos meus pais, Paulo e Leila, pela vida, pelo amor incondicional, apoio e en- sinamentos. Pai, são tantos agradecimentos que uma dissertação de mestrado seria insuficiente para narrar uma pequena parte deles. Opto por um registro especial. Agra- deço a você todos os aprendizados a respeito da obrigação moral de se ver no outro um ser dotado de necessidades e carências, seja ele humano, seja ele um ser de outra espécie. Minha amada Termutes, obrigado por todos esses anos de companheirismo, amor, cumplicidade, por dividirmos valores tão semelhantes e por ter me deixado ser tutor de Wolf, um ser tão especial na minha vida. Meus efusivos agradecimentos a professora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda pela ori- entação e por ter a sensibilidade de aceitar e incentivar seu orientando a escrever a respeito daquilo que aprecia, mesmo sendo um tema ainda em consolidação, gerador de diferentes reações nos indivíduos. Agradeço, e muito, aos professores Marco Antonio Marques da Silva e Clau- dio José Langroiva Pereira por terem, inicialmente, permitido que eu começasse a fantástica jornada que é um Mestrado, fonte, assim como vocês, de grandes aprendi- zados. Obrigado pelas as aulas e os debates por elas proporcionados, que certamente contribuíram muito para a minha constante formação. A Danielle Tetü Rodrigues, minha gratidão por me conceder a honra de parti- cipar da minha banca e pelos ensinamentos passados em sua obra, uma das primei- ras no Brasil, a respeito dos Direitos Animais. Aos professores Heron José Santana Gordilho e Daniel Braga Lourenço por atender meus pedidos de auxílio. Aos professores Roberto Archanjo Ferreira, pelos ensinamentos e pela sem- pre presteza em ajudar, e Marcelo Erbella, pelo reconhecimento, externado na quali- ficação, da pesquisa realizada no presente trabalho, gerando à vontade de ampliá-la ainda mais. Aos estimados servidores da Vara dos Juizados Especiais de Arujá. Em nome de todos, agradeço ao jovem Lucas Ferneda Dias, competente, trabalhador e capaz. Sem você e seus auxílios, esse trabalho não seria o mesmo. Aos queridos amigos do mestrado, que foram muitos, mas agradeço, por to- dos, em nome de Manoela, Giane e Emerson, pelos bons momentos que juntos pas- samos durante esse período e pela amizade que ficará para além dele. Aos amigos que compreenderam o momento do mestrado e entenderam mi- nhas ausências em razão dele. Meus agradecimentos, por derradeiro, aos defensores dos Direitos Animais, que, em nome de George Guimarães, faço a cada um de vocês. Obrigado não apenas por ajudar a formar minha convicção, mas especialmente pela luta diária por Justiça que fazem em nome daqueles que estão entre os mais vulneráveis do planeta. RESUMO Nos últimos 10 anos vem sendo impetrados, no Brasil e em outros países, habeas corpus em favor de grandes primatas. Trata-se a ação constitucional de mais um ins- trumento utilizado por ativistas para o reconhecimento dos Direitos Animais. Esta ver- tente, ainda que geradora de polêmicas, vem nitidamente crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos, como se verifica através da produção doutrinaria, legislativa e jurispru- dencial. A senciência sempre foi elemento central dentro dos debates envolvendo a relação humanos e demais animais. Os avanços científicos que constataram a im- pressionante proximidade genética entre os nós e os grandes primatas impulsionaram as demandas de habeas corpus em favor deles. A concessão da ordem e a conse- quente admissão de direitos aos animais geram inúmeros questionamentos. Caso a humanidade continue na sua trajetória emancipatória e, depois de acolher todos os seres humanos em sua comunidade moral, acolha, o que parece ser a última fronteira, os animais, várias questões deverão ser objeto de análise, que já derivam da própria concessão do writ aos antropoides. Assim, quais animais, quais direitos, qual critério para concedê-los, quais instrumentos jurídicos para protegê-los, qual a consequência para os humanos do reconhecimento dos Direitos Animais e qual critério a ser utilizado em conflito de interesses entre animais humanos e animais não humanos, são algu- mas das altamente complexas questões que serão objeto de reflexão no presente trabalho. Palavras-chave: Direitos Animais. Senciência. Animais não humanos. Grandes pri- matas. Ciência. Ética. ABSTRACT In the last ten years some writs of habeas corpus have been filed, in Brazil and in other countries, on behalf of great primates. It is a matter of constitutional order and one more instrument utilized for activists for the recognition of the Animal’s Rights. This slope, even if generates many controversies, is coming neatly bigger in the past few years, as we can verify throughout the doctrinal and jurisprudential production. The sentience always have been the central element inside the debates evolving the rela- tionship between humans and other animals. Scientific progress that have finding the impressive genetic closeness among us and the great primates, boosted the requests of habeas corpus on behalf of the latter. The grant of the order and, consequently, the admission of rights to the animals generates countless questionings. If the humankind proceeds in the path of the emancipatory trajectory and after receiving all human be- ings in their moral community, could receive , what seems to be the last frontier, the animals, many questionings should be subject of analysis, that already derives from the own grant of the writ to the anthropoids. So, what animals, which rights, what cri- teria to concede them, what judicial instruments must be used to protect them, what is the consequence for humans of the acknowledgment of the Animals’ Rights and what criteria should be utilized in a conflict of interests between human animals and nonhu- man animals, are some of the largely complex questionings that will be subject of re- flection in the present work. Keywords: Animal Rights. Sentience. Non-human animals. Great apes. Science. Ethics. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 11 1 CRITÉRIOS PARA A CONCESSÃO DE DIREITOS ............................................. 15 1.1 A finalidade do direito ....................................................................................... 15 1.2 Raça .................................................................................................................... 22 1.3 Gênero ................................................................................................................ 25 1.4 Espécie ............................................................................................................... 26 1.5 O entrelaçamento dos “ismos”. ....................................................................... 31 2 FUNDAMENTOS PARA A AMPLIAÇÃO DA COMUNIDADE MORAL ................ 34 2.1 Revolução Darwiniana ...................................................................................... 34 2.2 Sentimentos ....................................................................................................... 38 2.3 Racionalidade .................................................................................................... 42
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