DOCSLIB.ORG

Crisi Ambientale: Un Problema Filosofico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crisi Ambientale: Un Problema Filosofico Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Scienze filosofiche Tesi di Laurea Crisi ambientale: un problema filosofico Relatore Ch.mo. Prof. Giorgio Brianese Correlatore Ch.mo. Prof. Edwin Craig Martin Laureando Federico Prà Matricola 859202 Anno Accademico 2017 / 2018 Ai miei animali domestici: Lapo, Reginaldo, Mozart, Silvano e il piccolo Salieri. 1 Indice Introduzione………………………………………………………………………3 PARTE I: DUE ESEMPI E UNA PANORAMICA……………...........................8 1. La situazione…………………………………………………………9 2. Rachel Carson: La “madre” dell’ambientalismo…………………...12 3. Lara Bettoni: Una diretta “discendente” di R. Carson……………...22 4. Panoramica delle radici storiche della filosofia ambientale………..32 4.1. Il pensiero ambientalista nel Novecento………………………40 4.2. Antropocentrismo, Biocentrismo e Deep Ecology…………….46 PARTE II: L’ECOSAGGEZZA DI ARNE NAESS……………………………54 1. Ecologia profonda ed ecologia superficiale: l’articolo del 1973…...55 2. L’approccio che contraddistingue la Deep Ecology………………..61 3. Il diagramma a grembiule e la piattaforma…………………………67 4. L’ecologia come saggezza e responsabilità………………………...74 5. La relazionalità……………………………………………………..78 6. L’esperienza spontanea……………………………………………..81 7. Contenuti concreti e strutture astratte del reale……………………..84 8. Fatti e valori………………………………………………………...95 9. Due accezioni del termine visione totale…………………………...98 10. Valore intrinseco e biocentrismo………………………………….103 11. Il Sé ecologico…………………………………………………….110 12. L’azione bella……………………………………………………..128 13. L’etica come sistema normativo…………………………………..135 Conclusione……………………………………………………………………143 Appendice……………………………………………………………………...148 Bibliografia…………………………………………………………………….153 2 Introduzione Crisi ambientale: un problema filosofico, questo è il titolo del mio ultimo lavoro universitario. In questo lavoro vorrei sostenere, assieme ad Arne Naess ed i suoi interlocutori, che la crisi ambientale deriva, anche, da una certa mentalità tecnico-scientifica, che nel tempo, si è sempre più consolidata nella zona occidentale del nostro pianeta riducendo a sole poche qualità fondamentali la natura a scapito di molte altre, come ad esempio le qualità secondarie e terziarie, considerate solamente soggettive. Gli stili di vita dell’uomo moderno si scontrano nettamente con la realtà circostante, da un lato sembrano donare ricchezze sempre maggiori garantendo una “felicità” pressoché illimitata, ma dall’altro nasconde una degenerazione preoccupante del rapporto Uomo-Mondo. I danni ambientali sembrano essere un palese campanello d’allarme dell’irrispettosa posizione che gli uomini si sono arrogati di assumere all’interno della natura; ma se la mentalità non viene modificata saremo destinati a veder sempre più zone del nostro pianeta inquinate dal quel “progresso tecnico” (con tutte le imprevedibili conseguenze che esso spesso porta in seno) che tanto inorgoglisce le nostre menti. Sembra che si stiano avverando tutte le preoccupazioni che Gunther Anders aveva già messo in luce nel secolo scorso. “La tecnica è oggi il nostro fato”1 scriveva Anders, ed il cieco e inarrestabile imporsi di strutture tecniche nella nostra vita comporta qualcosa come un progressivo svuotamento o un’inesorabile atrofizzazione di ciò che rende umano l’uomo, della sua natura profonda, della sua essenza. Tra la dimensione prettamente umana dell’esistenza singolare, irripetibile, che è data a se stessa e che non si è voluta, ma che può progettare se stessa a partire da tale datità, e la dimensione tecnica, caratterizzata invece dall’esecuzione di funzioni perfette e anonime, all’insegna di una serialità meccanica tanto più efficace quanto più sottratta al carattere provvisorio e contingente della vita, non può che aprirsi un baratro: un vuoto che per Anders è scavato dalle procedure tecniche al centro della humanitas dell’uomo, a causa del 1 G. Anders, L’uomo è antiquato, vol. I Considerazioni sull’anima nell’epoca della seconda rivoluzione industriale, trad. it. L. Dallapiccola, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2007, p. 17. 3 quale quest’ultimo diviene sempre più estraneo a se stesso, finendo ai margini della sua stessa esistenza. Sembra proprio che il sentimento più rappresentativo del nostro tempo sia quello della vergogna che Anders individuò come un nuovo pudendum2. L’elemento intrinsecamente antiumano della tecnica consiste nella serialità, nella potenziale riproducibilità di copie infinite, attraverso la quale si profila quella che appare a tutti gli effetti come un nuovo tipo di immortalità.3 Sfugge alla morte e all’annientamento solo ciò che può riprodurre se stesso in modo sempre identico e indefinito, ragion per cui ogni nuova copia sostituisce di fatto la precedente, in una continuità tale per cui non è praticamente possibile, né sensato, distinguere tra il vecchio e il nuovo prodotto, dal momento che l’uno e l’altro sono la medesima cosa4. Tutto ciò, nell’ottica andersiana, comporta una sorta di capovolgimento del rapporto uomo-prodotto, dove non è più il primo a creare e a servirsi del secondo, bensì è quest’ultimo a disporre di quello: “insomma: i soggetti della libertà e della mancanza di libertà sono scambiati. Libere sono le cose; mancante di libertà è l’uomo.”5 Ma dire questo significa dire che si restringe in modo consistente lo spazio per la specifica responsabilità umana. L’uomo riconoscendo la propria imperfezione di fronte alla macchina ritiene inevitabile delegare ad essa persino le scelte che normalmente incomberebbero su 2 “Credo di essere capitato sulle tracce di un nuovo pudendum; di un motivo di vergogna che non esisteva in passato. Lo chiamo per il momento, per mio uso, “vergogna prometeica”, e intendo con ciò “vergogna che si prova di fronte all’‘umiliante’ altezza di qualità degli oggetti fatti da noi stessi.” Ivi, cit., p. 31. 3 Su questo tema consiglio la lettura del romanzo dickiano Ubik. “Dick è forse il solo narratore che abbia posto al centro della sua opera l’ambiguità della merce in quanto tale, esaltandola nella sua valenza utopica e tirannica: l’essenza della merce, la merce come essenza metafisica, la merce quale sostrato spettacolare e accattivante di ogni prodotto concepito e realizzato dalla società dei consumi.” G. Cuozzo, Filosofia delle cose ultime. Da Walter Bejamin a Wall-E, Moretti e Vitali, Bergamo 2013, p. 73. 4 Anders chiama questo fenomeno reincarnazione industriale, la quale rappresenta quanto più vicino ci sia alla convinzione platonizzante di un universo di idee, matrici o modelli originari, sui quali sono plasmati tutti gli esemplari concretamente esistenti. Cfr, G. Anders, L’uomo è antiquato, cit., p. 55. 5 Ivi, cit., p. 41. 4 di lui. Anders porta il caso del generale McArthur, comandante americano nella guerra di Corea, come esemplificazione di questa rinuncia all’esercizio della responsabilità6. Gunther Anders ha avuto il merito di intuire la centralità del “vergognarsi” (atto riflessivo), vedendo come in esso si esprima una relazione dell’uomo con sé stesso. Tuttavia questa relazione fallisce di principio, in quanto colui che si vergogna scivola in una specie di antinomia, in virtù della quale si sente, al tempo stesso, identico e non identico a sé stesso. Precisamente per questa ragione Anders arriva ad affermare che la “vergogna è un turbamento dell’autoidentificazione, uno ‘stato di perturbamento’.”7 Questo turbamento dell’autoidentificazione, per Anders, non è solamente un disagio psicologico ma è la spia di una crisi antropologica in cui è in gioco il modo d’essere stesso dell’uomo, quella dignità che tutta una tradizione di pensiero filosofico gli ha conferito e che ora sembra svanire in virtù delle problematiche metamorfosi dell’anima nell’età della tecnica. D'altronde vergogna, rassegnazione, sfiducia, indifferenza ai disastri (ciechi di fronte all’Apocalisse, direbbe Anders) sono i frutti che la nostra società dei consumi ci offre quotidianamente. Ma l’uomo non può essere destinato ad essere la cellula tumorale di Gaia e, per di più, in balia delle sue stesse produzioni. Credo fermamente, assieme ad Arne Naess, che: “Ad oggi esiste essenzialmente una pietosa sottostima delle potenzialità della specie umana. La nostra specie non è destinata ad essere la piaga della Terra. Se l’uomo è destinato ad essere qualcosa, probabilmente è ad essere colui che, consapevolmente gioioso, coglie il significato di questo pianeta come un’ancor più grande totalità nella 6 “chi trasferisce la responsabilità da un uomo a una macchina trasferisce con ciò anche la sua propria responsabilità. […] Dato che contiamo meno bene della nostra macchina, non si può far conto su di noi; dunque noi non ‘contiamo’.” Ivi, cit., p. 64. 7Ivi, cit., p. 68. 5 sua immensa ricchezza. Questo potrebbe essere il suo ‘potenziale evolutivo’, o una parte ineliminabile di esso.”8 Naess sarà il filosofo di riferimento per quanto riguarda questo lavoro, in quanto ritengo che la sua particolare filosofia possa aiutare a svincolarsi dai mali astratti della nostra società, riscoprendo, al tempo stesso, la centrale importanza di noi stessi e del nostro ambiente. La tesi, dunque, ruota attorno alla figura di questo filosofo norvegese ancora poco noto in Italia ed è stata pensata come un avvicinamento a tale filosofo, immaginando il percorso come se si stesse sbirciando dallo spioncino del cancello del Priorato dei Cavalieri di Malta sul colle Aventino a Roma 9 . L’elaborato non pretenderà, dunque, d’essere un lavoro esaustivo e completo sui temi ambientali, tantomeno l’esposizione organica del pensiero di Naess, queste sono analisi che vanno oltre gli sforzi di un
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Origins of Biocentric Thought and How Changes In
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Honors Program in History (Senior Honors Theses) Department of History 4-20-2007 "When Nature Holds the Mastery": The Development of Biocentric Thought in Industrial America Aviva R. Horrow University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] A Senior Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Honors in History. Faculty Advisor: Kathy Peiss This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/hist_honors/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. "When Nature Holds the Mastery": The Development of Biocentric Thought in Industrial America Abstract This thesis explores the concept of "biocentrism" within the context of American environmental thought at the turn of the twentieth century. Biocentrism is the view that all life and elements of the universe are equally valuable and that humanity is not the center of existence. It encourages people to view themselves as part of the greater ecosystem rather than as conquerors of nature. The development of this alternative world view in America begins in mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century, during a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization as some Americans began to notice the destruction they wrought on the environment and their growing disconnect with nature. Several individuals during this time introduced the revolutionary idea of biocentrism including: John Muir, Liberty Hyde Bailey, Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and Edward Payson Evans. This thesis traces the development of their biocentrism philosophies, attributing it to several factors: more mainstream reactions to the changes including the Conservation movement and Preservation movements, new spiritual and religious approaches towards nature, and Darwin's theory of evolution which spurred the development of the field of ecology and the concept of evolving ethics.
    [Show full text]
  • 20180217160414 13408.Pdf
    本书由北京第二外国语学院博士学术文库资助。 Toward Ecological Humanism:Decoding the Animal Images in Kurt Vonnegut’s Fiction 走走向生态人文主义向生态人文主义 ———解码冯内古特小说中的动物意象—解码冯内古特小说中的动物意象 李素杰 著 中中国人民大学出版社国人民大学出版社 ·北北京京· 图书在版编目（CIP）数据 走向生态人文主义：解码冯内古特小说中的动物意象：英文/李素杰著. —北京：中国 人民大学出版社，2013.9 ISBN 978-7-300-18064-9 Ⅰ.① 走…Ⅱ. ①李…Ⅲ. ①冯内古特，K.―小说研究―英文Ⅳ. ①I712.074 中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字（2013）第 213113 号 新思路大学英语 走向生态人文主义——解码冯内古特小说中的动物意象 Toward Ecological Humanism: Decoding the Animal Images in Kurt Vonnegut’s Fiction 李素杰 著 Zouxiang Shengtai Renwen Zhuyi——Jiema Fengneigute Xiaoshuo Zhong de Dongwu Yixiang 出版发行 中国人民大学出版社 社 址 北京中关村大街 31 号 邮政编码 100080 电 话 010-62511242（总编室） 010-62511398（质管部） 010-82501766（邮购部） 010-62514148（门市部） 010-62515195（发行公司） 010-62515275（盗版举报） 网 址 http://www.crup.com.cn http://www.ttrnet.com（人大教研网） 经 销 新华书店 印 刷 北京市易丰印刷有限责任公司 规 格 148 mm×210 mm 32 开本 版 次 2013 年 9 月第 1 版 印 张 9.5 印 次 2013 年 9 月第 1 次印刷 字 数 264 000 定 价 30.00 元 版权所有 侵权必究 印装差错 负责调换 序（一） 库尔特 · 冯内古特是当代美国最重要、最具代表性的后现代主义 小说家之一，也是曾经就读于康奈尔大学的文坛怪杰之一。他的作品 经常借科幻小说的叙述模式讲述人类的未来或者遥远的外星球的故 事，读来荒诞离奇、滑稽搞怪，致使很多人误以为他只是一个卖点高 但无深意的流行小说家。实际上，冯内古特骨子里是一个传统的人， 固执地坚守着家庭、爱情、正义、公平等价值观念，真诚地倡导人类 社会的真、善、美。只是后工业时代的美国社会现实令他感到失望， 使他对人性也充满讥讽与挖苦。而且，他敏锐地发现传统的艺术手段 已经无法打动日益冷漠的读者，必须采取“非正常”的叙述手段才能 形成足够的刺激，唤醒读者对现实的清醒认识。 李素杰的专著《走向生态人文主义——解码冯内古特小说中的动 物意象》正是对冯内古特的这一独特的艺术特色和他的人道主义思想 所做的深入研究。她指出，在冯内古特嬉笑怒骂的小丑面具背后，其 实掩盖着一颗真诚、正直、深怀责任感的心，在他荒诞不经的故事里 蕴藏着对美国当代社会的关切和对人类未来的忧虑。更为重要的是， 李素杰选取了一个迄今为止无论在国内还是国外的冯内古特研究中都 尚无人问津的全新视角——动物意象。运用动物研究这一新兴理论， 通过大量认真仔细的文本研读和细致深入的分析，她向我们展示了一 个鲜为人知的冯内古特小说中的动物世界。这些动物形象，并非传统 意义上的为了增添语言表现力和丰富性所采用的修辞手段，而是小说 家始终如一的强烈的人道主义关怀的有机组成部分，是具有鲜活生命
    [Show full text]
  • UN Report on Harmony with Nature
    United Nations A/66/302* General Assembly Distr.: General 15 August 2011 Original: English Sixty-sixth session Item 19 (h) of the provisional agenda** Sustainable development: Harmony with Nature Harmony with Nature Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report is submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 65/164, in which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to convene, at its sixty-fifth session, an interactive dialogue on harmony with nature to commemorate International Mother Earth Day, on 20 April 2011, in order to actively and effectively contribute to the preparatory process for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, to be held in Brazil in June 2012, and to submit a report on the subject at its sixty-sixth session. The report of the Secretary-General focuses on the evolving relationship of humankind with nature as reflected in environmental legislation and draws upon key issues discussed at the interactive dialogue. Concrete recommendations are provided to facilitate further consideration of the theme by Member States. * Reissued for technical reasons on 23 September 2011. ** A/66/150. 11-45314* (E) 230911 *1145314* A/66/302 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................... 3 II. The evolving relationship of humankind with nature ................................. 4 A. Relevant lessons from ancient civilizations ..................................... 4 B. The emergence of the environmental movement: sixteenth to nineteenth centuries ..... 6 C. The twentieth century and human reconciliation with nature ....................... 9 III. Promoting harmony with nature in the twenty-first century ............................ 11 A. The enabling role of legislation and public policy ................................ 11 B. Nature: to have or to be? .................................................... 14 IV. Conclusion .................................................................... 17 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Sp Sandro Cavalcanti Rollo O Habeas Corpus
    PONTÍFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP SANDRO CAVALCANTI ROLLO O HABEAS CORPUS PARA ALÉM DA ESPÉCIE HUMANA MESTRADO EM DIREITO SÃO PAULO 2016 PONTÍFICIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP SANDRO CAVALCANTI ROLLO O HABEAS CORPUS PARA ALÉM DA ESPÉCIE HUMANA MESTRADO EM DIREITO Dissertação apresentada à Banca Exami- nadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, na área de concentração Direito Processo Penal, sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda. SÃO PAULO 2016 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP SANDRO CAVALCANTI ROLLO O HABEAS CORPUS PARA ALÉM DA ESPÉCIE HUMANA Dissertação apresentada à Banca Exami- nadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, na área de concentração Direito Processual Penal, sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda. Aprovada em: _____/____/____ Banca Examinadora Professora Doutora Eloisa de Sousa Arruda (Orientadora) Instituição: PUC-SP. Assinatura_______________________________ Julgamento:______________________________________________________ Professor Doutor Cláudio José Langroiva Pereira Instituição: PUC-SP. Assinatura_______________________________ Julgamento:______________________________________________________ Professora Doutora Danielle Tetü Rodrigues Instituição: PUC-PR. Assinatura_______________________________ Julgamento:______________________________________ Aos animais: meu profundo respeito por suas vidas. AGRADECIMENTOS Um agradecimento especial, inicialmente, será feito ao Wolf, que, em outubro de 2015, nos deixou e sua ausência ainda é dolorosamente sentida. Agradeço a você, meu amigo, os momentos de grande alegria e aprendizado que me proporcionou. Ja- mais esquecerei os diversos gestos de carinho e afeto que me deu, ainda que eu fosse um indivíduo relativamente recente no final de sua vida.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quality of Mercy: Organized Animal Protection in the United States 1866-1930
    CHAPTERI "THEYOUGHT TO BE THEOBJECTS OF OURBENEVOLENT REGARDS": THEANTE CEDENTSOF ORGANIZED ANIMALPROTECTION INTHE UNITED ST A TES Is it not sufficientfor man to absorb the useful labors and livesof the inferior creation, without superaddiogexcessive anguish. wantand misery? Whenhis own cup of suffering is fulland overflowing. desperateresort to revolutionsometimes rids him of his crueltormentors and taskmasters. But of the inferior animals, generations aftergene rations sufferand expire without any chanceof reliefor redress, unless it begranted by the generosityand justice of man. - Julius Ames,The Spirit of Humanity( 1835) When the anti-crueltymovement in the United States coalesced during the 1860s, it tookroot in a society in which the animal protectionimpulse already had some currency. Beforethe Civil War, some Americans gave their attention to the mistreatment of animals as a social problem, exploring its religious, moral, and legal dimensions. Although no sustained effortsto prevent cruelty to animals ensued, these Americans explored some of the same issues that would lead a later generation to found animal protectionsocieties. A handfulof American thinkers, forinst ance, joined their European contemporaries in settling upon animals' capacity for suffering as the decisive reason for according them better treatment. Nineteenth century Evangelicalism's embrace of Old Testament admonitions on the moral duty to treat animals well reinforced such concern. During the sameperiod, the kindness-to animals-ethic gained recognition as a critical constituent of childhood socialization. In addition, persistent dissatisfactionwith the 14 IS public mistreatment of animals leda number of states to pass statutes that prohibited acts of cruelty. Finally, concernfor animals was tied to several social movements of the antebellum period.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideological Origins of American Environmentalism
    • CHAPTER 2• Ideological Origins of American Environmentalism We are launced on the ocean ofan unchained democracy. - Wendell Phillips, 1859 The world, we are told, was made especially for man-a pre- sumption not supported by all the facts .... Why should man value himself as more than a small part of the one great unit of creation? -John Muir, 1867 Bernard Bailyn's The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967) called attention to the fact that for the late eighteenth century, natural-rights philosophy and the concept ofdemocratic liberty it in- spired were a "contagion" so powerful it surprised even its advocates. The liberal impulse, Bailyn wrote, "swept past boundaries few had set out to cross, into regions few had wished to enter." 1 The Ameri- can Revolution may have settled the issue ofpropertied, white, male colonists' rights, but in clarifying those rights it left other categories of human beings outside the pale of ethics. Those whose ethical status was undefined remained vulnerable to those with clearly de- fined rights. The interests of these oppressed minorities, however, would gradually receive attention, as would, in time, the whole hu- man relationship to that other component ofJohn Locke's state ofna- ture: nature itself. The United States played a major role in expanding the definition of democracy. Americans took freedom to be the basis of their na- tional mission. John Adams believed his country was "designed by Providence [as] the Theater" in which humankind would crusade for 33 Copyrighted Material 34 Ideological Origins ofAmerican Environmentalism liberty.2 The boundaries of the stage expanded most dramatically after 1960 to admit actors and beneficiaries totally unanticipated by the revolutionaries of 1776.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Invisible Hooves
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Invisible Hooves: Markets and the Environment in the History of American and Transnational Cattle Ranching, 1867-2017 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Timothy Amund Paulson Committee in charge: Professor Peter Alagona, Chair Professor Nelson Lichtenstein Professor Erika Rappaport Professor Simone Pulver September 2017 The dissertation of Tim Paulson is approved. _____________________________________________ Simone Pulver _____________________________________________ Erika Rappaport _____________________________________________ Nelson Lichtenstein _____________________________________________ Peter Alagona, Committee Chair September 2017 © Tim Paulson, 2017. iii Curriculum Vitae Education Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of History (2017). M.A. University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of History (2013). B. A. University of Victoria, Department of History (2010). Publications Peter S. Alagona and Tim Paulson, “From the Classroom to the Countryside: The University of California’s Natural Reserve System and the Role of Field Stations in American Academic Life,” Landscape and the Academy: Dumbarton Oaks Garden and Landscape Studies Series (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Forthcoming 2017). Tim Paulson, “From ‘Knife Men’ to ‘Streamlining with Curves’: Structure, Skill, and Gender in British Columbia’s Meat-Packing Industry,” BC Studies 193 (Spring 2017), 115-145. Peter S. Alagona, Tim Paulson, Andrew B. Esch and Jessica Marter-Kenyon, “Population and Land Use,” Ecosystems of California, Hal Mooney and Erika Zavaleta, eds. (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2016). Book Review by Tim Paulson: Jack Stauder, The Blue and the Green: A Cultural Ecological History of an Arizona Ranching Community (Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 2016), The Public Historian 39, no.
    [Show full text]
  • Boxoffice Barometer (April 15, 1963)
    as Mike Kin*, Sherman. p- builder the empire Charlie Gant. General Rawlmgs. desperadc as Linus border Piescolt. mar the as Lilith mountain bub the tut jamblei's Zeb Rawlings, Valen. ;tive Van horse soldier Prescott, e Zebulon the tinhorn Rawlings. buster Julie the sod Stuart, matsbil's*'' Ramsey, as Lou o hunter t Pt«scott. marsl the trontie* tatm gal present vjssiuniw SiNGiN^SVnMNG' METRO GOlPWVM in MED MAYER RICHMOND Production BLONDE? BRUNETTE? REDHEAD? Courtship Eddies Father shih ford SffisStegas 1 Dyke -^ ^ panairtSioo MuANlNJR0( AMAN JACOBS , st Grea»e Ae,w entl Ewer Ljv 8ecom, tle G,-eai PRESENTS future as ^'***ied i Riel cher r'stian as Captain 3r*l»s, with FILMED bronislau in u, PANAVISION A R o^mic RouND WofBL MORE HITS COMING FROM M-G-M PmNHunri "INTERNATIONAL HOTEL (Color) ELIZABETH TAYLOR, RICHARD BURTON, LOUIS JOURDAN, ORSON WELLES, ELSA MARTINELLI, MARGARET RUTHERFORD, ROD TAYLOR, wants a ROBERT COOTE, MAGGIE SMITH. Directed by Anthony Asquith. fnanwitH rnortey , Produced by Anotole de Grunwald. ® ( Pana vision and Color fEAlELI Me IN THE COOL OF THE DAY” ) ^sses JANE FONDA, PETER FINCH, ANGELA LANSBURY, ARTHUR HILL. Mc^f^itH the Directed by Robert Stevens. Produced by John Houseman. THE MAIN ATTRACTION” (Metrocolor) PAT BOONE and NANCY KWAN. Directed by Daniel Petrie. Produced LPS**,MINDI// by John Patrick. A Seven Arts Production. CATTLE KING” [Eastmancolor) ROBERT TAYLOR, JOAN CAULFIELD, ROBERT LOGGIA, ROBERT MIDDLETON, LARRY GATES. Directed by Toy Garnett. Produced by Nat Holt. CAPTAIN SINDBAD” ( Technicolor— WondroScope) GUY WILLIAMS, HEIDI BRUEHL, PEDRO ARMENDARIZ, ABRAHAM SOFAER. Directed by Byron Haskin. A Kings Brothers Production.
    [Show full text]
  • Exotic Animals in Eighteenth-Century Britain
    Exotic Animals in Eighteenth-Century Britain A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in Museology in the Faculty of Humanities. 2010 Christopher Plumb Centre for Museology Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. 2 PLATES ................................................................................................................................... 4 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 7 DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................... 8 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT .................................................................................................. 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... 10 MAPS: Menageries, Animal Merchants, and Taxidermists in West London, 1700-1815 ..... 11 MAP ONE: 1700-1770 ...................................................................................................... 11 MAP TWO: 1770-1815 ..................................................................................................... 12 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 14 What Are Exotic Animals? ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 27 the Law Is an Ass: Reading E.P. Evans
    27 The Law is an Ass: Reading E.P. Evans' The Medieval Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals Piers Beirnes1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MAINE In this essay I address a little-known chapter in the lengthy history of crimes against (nonhuman) animals. My focus is not crimes committed by humans against animals, as such, but a practical outcome of the seemingly bizarre belief that animals are capable of committing crimes against humans.2 I refer here to the medieval practice whereby animals were prosecuted and punished for their misdeeds, aspects of which readers are likely to have encountered in the work of the historian Robert Darnton (1985). In his book The Great Cat Massacre, Darnton (chapter 2) describes the informal justice meted out to offending neighborhood cats - some of whom were owned and adored by their master's wife - by a group of young male printer's apprentices in Paris during the late 1730s. One night the boys, who felt themselves wronged by the many cats who begged for food from their workshop and who kept them awake at night with their screeching, "gathered round and staged a mock trial, complete with guards, a confessor, and a public executioner. After pronouncing the animals guilty and administering last rites, they strung them up on an improvised gallows" (p. 77). The boys were at once delirious with joy and erupted in gales of laughter - much to the dismay of the owner and his wife, who arrived only after the proceedings had ended. How can we understand this grotesque legalism? Darnton himself is con- cerned less with recounting an episode of human cruelty to animals than he is with confronting the difficult interpretive problem of how a riotous cat massacre seemed to their eighteenth-century participants as an affair of great merriment.
    [Show full text]
  • [JSRNC 10.3 (2016) 268-305] JSRNC (Print) ISSN 1749-4907 Doi: 10.1558/Jsrnc.V10i3.29010 JSRNC (Online) ISSN 1749-4915
    [JSRNC 10.3 (2016) 268-305] JSRNC (print) ISSN 1749-4907 doi: 10.1558/jsrnc.v10i3.29010 JSRNC (online) ISSN 1749-4915 ______________________________________________________________ The Greening of Religion Hypothesis (Part One): From Lynn White, Jr and Claims That Religions Can Promote Environmentally Destructive Attitudes and Behaviors to Assertions They Are Becoming Environmentally Friendly ______________________________________________________________ Bron Taylor University of Florida Department of Religion, PO Box 117410 Gainesville, FL 32611-7410, USA www.brontaylor.com Abstract Lynn White, Jr’s ‘The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis’, which was published in Science in 1967, has played a critically important role in environmental studies. Although White advanced a multifaceted argu- ment, most respondents focused on his claim that the ‘Judeo-Christian’ tradition, especially Christianity, has promoted anthropocentric attitudes and environmentally destructive behaviors. Here, in Part One of a two- part study, I demonstrate that White was not the lrst to make such an argument and analyze how White’s article precipitated efforts by religionists and scholars alike to uncover or invent pro-environmental interpretations of many religious traditions. I then label subsequent claims that the world’s religions are becoming more environmentally friendly as ‘The Greening of Religion Hypothesis’ and argue that this cultural history of the post-White ferment sets the stage for a much-needed comprehensive review of research illuminating this hypothesis, which is taken up in Part Two of this study. Keywords Lynn White Jr, Greening of Religion Hypothesis, religion and ecology, environmental mobilization, environmental behaviors, nature religions, environmental stewardship, reverence for life, kinship ethics, biocentrism, ecocentrism, dark green religion, religious naturalism.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY of REMSEN
    A NARRATIVE HISTORY of REMSEN NEW YORK Including parts of adjoining townships of STEUBEN and TRENTON 'By MILLARD F. ROBERTS ''Which we have heard and known, and such as our fathers have told us; that we should not hide them from the generations to come." -Psal.ms PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 1914 Copyright 1914 By MILLARD F. ROBERTS Printed by Lyman Bros. Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. For the author TO THE MEMORY OF THE PIONEERS AND EARLY SETTLERS OF REMSEN AND VICINITY PREFACE Perhaps it is superfluous to suggest to the reader who is familiar with Remsen, that the material from which these pages have been prepared was gathered from vastly wide and scattered sources-gleaned here and there, bit by bit, through years of patient effort; for in no one collection was there assembled anything ~ike sufficient data from which a history of this region could be compiled with any degree of completeness. And it is with this fact in mind, that I wish hereby to acknowl­ edge my indebtedness to the following works for valu­ able information: "The Documentary History of New York;" "Spaf­ ford's Gazetteer of New York," (Editions of 1813 and 1824); "Gordon's Gazetteer of New York;" Hotchkin's "History of Western New York;" Turner's "Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase;'' Barber and Howe's "Historical Collections of New York;" Jones' "Annals of Oneida County;" Durant's "History of Oneida County;" "Our County and its People," by Daniel Wager; Benton's "History of Herkimer County;" Hough's "Histories of Lewis and Jefferson Counties;" "History of the Calvinistic Methodists of Utica and Vicinity," by T.
    [Show full text]