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The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff
The Orontids of Armenia by Cyril Toumanoff This study appears as part III of Toumanoff's Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown, 1963), pp. 277-354. An earlier version appeared in the journal Le Muséon 72(1959), pp. 1-36 and 73(1960), pp. 73-106. The Orontids of Armenia Bibliography, pp. 501-523 Maps appear as an attachment to the present document. This material is presented solely for non-commercial educational/research purposes. I 1. The genesis of the Armenian nation has been examined in an earlier Study.1 Its nucleus, succeeding to the role of the Yannic nucleus ot Urartu, was the 'proto-Armenian,T Hayasa-Phrygian, people-state,2 which at first oc- cupied only a small section of the former Urartian, or subsequent Armenian, territory. And it was, precisely, of the expansion of this people-state over that territory, and of its blending with the remaining Urartians and other proto- Caucasians that the Armenian nation was born. That expansion proceeded from the earliest proto-Armenian settlement in the basin of the Arsanias (East- ern Euphrates) up the Euphrates, to the valley of the upper Tigris, and espe- cially to that of the Araxes, which is the central Armenian plain.3 This expand- ing proto-Armenian nucleus formed a separate satrapy in the Iranian empire, while the rest of the inhabitants of the Armenian Plateau, both the remaining Urartians and other proto-Caucasians, were included in several other satrapies.* Between Herodotus's day and the year 401, when the Ten Thousand passed through it, the land of the proto-Armenians had become so enlarged as to form, in addition to the Satrapy of Armenia, also the trans-Euphratensian vice-Sa- trapy of West Armenia.5 This division subsisted in the Hellenistic phase, as that between Greater Armenia and Lesser Armenia. -
Who's Anti-Roman? Sallust and Pompeius Trogus on Mithridates." Classical Journal 101.4 (N.D.): 383-407
Connecticut College Digital Commons @ Connecticut College Classics Faculty Publications Classics Department 4-2006 Who’s Anti-Roman? Sallust and Pompeius Trogus on Mithridates Eric Adler Connecticut College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/classfacpub Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Adler, E. "Who's Anti-Roman? Sallust And Pompeius Trogus On Mithridates." Classical Journal 101.4 (n.d.): 383-407. Web. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics Department at Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classics Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author. WHO'S ANTI-ROMAN? SALLUST AND POMPEIUS TROGUS ON MITHRIDATES Abstract: Contemporary scholars of Roman imperialism have discussed the ways in which ancient historians denigrate non-Romans and thereby present intellectual justificationsfor Roman conquest. This paper offers a case study that questions this position's validity: an examination of Sallust's Epistula Mithridatis (Hist. 4.69M) and Pompeius Trogus' speech of Mithridates (Justin 38.4-7). I argue that Sallust offers a more powerful attack on Roman foreign policy than does Trogus, whom many scholars have deemed "anti-Roman," and conclude that Roman historiansare capable of using -
Tales of Philip II Under the Roman Empire
Tales of Philip II under the Roman Empire: Aspects of Monarchy and Leadership in the Anecdotes, Apophthegmata , and Exempla of Philip II Michael Thomas James Welch BA (Hons. Class 1) M.Phil. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry P a g e 1 | 270 Abstract This thesis examines the role anecdotes, apophthegmata , and exempla play in the historiography of the Macedonian king Philip II in the Roman world - from the first century BCE to the fourth century CE. Most of the material examined comes from moral treatises, collections of tales and sayings, and military works by Greek and Latin authors such as Plutarch, Valerius Maximus, Aelian, Polyaenus, Frontinus, and Stobaeus (supplemented with pertinent material from other authors). This approach will show that while many of the tales surely originate from the earlier Greek world and Hellenistic times, the use and manipulation of the majority of them and the presentation of Philip are the product of a world living under Roman political and cultural domination. This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter one defines and discusses anecdotal material in the ancient world. Chapter two examines two emblematic ancient authors (Plutarch and Valerius Maximus) as case studies to demonstrate in detail the type of analysis required by all the authors of this study. Following this, the thesis then divides the material of our authors into four main areas of interest, particularly concerning Philip as a king and statesman. Therefore, chapter three examines Philip and justice. -
The Armenians the Peoples of Europe
The Armenians The Peoples of Europe General Editors James Campbell and Barry Cunliffe This series is about the European tribes and peoples from their origins in prehistory to the present day. Drawing upon a wide range of archaeolo gical and historical evidence, each volume presents a fresh and absorbing account of a group’s culture, society and usually turbulent history. Already published The Etruscans The Franks Graeme Barker and Thomas Edward James Rasmussen The Russians The Lombards Robin Milner-Gulland Neil Christie The Mongols The Basques David Morgan Roger Collins The Armenians The English A.E. Redgate Geoffrey Elton The Huns The Gypsies E. A. Thompson Angus Fraser The Early Germans The Bretons Malcolm Todd Patrick Galliou and Michael Jones The Illyrians The Goths John Wilkes Peter Heather In preparation The Sicilians The Spanish David Abulafia Roger Collins The Irish The Romans Francis John Byrne and Michael Timothy Cornell Herity The Celts The Byzantines David Dumville Averil Cameron The Scots The First English Colin Kidd Sonia Chadwick Hawkes The Ancient Greeks The Normans Brian Sparkes Marjorie Chibnall The Piets The Serbs Charles Thomas Sima Cirkovic The Armenians A. E. Redgate Copyright © Anne Elizabeth Redgate 1998,2000 The right of Anne Elizabeth Redgate to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 1998 First published in paperback 2000 2468 10975 3 1 Blackwell Publishers Ltd 108 Cowley Road Oxford OX4 1JF Blackwell Publishers Inc. 350 Main Street Malden, Massachusetts 02148 USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. -
Hwang Umd 0117E 15489.Pdf (965.1Kb)
ABSTRACT Title of Document: EMPOWERING IMAGES: NEGOTIATING THE IDENTITY OF AUTHORITY THROUGH MATERIAL CULTURE IN THE HELLENISTIC EAST, 140-38 BCE HyoSil Suzy Hwang, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed By: Professor Marjorie S. Venit, Department of Art History and Archaeology During the late-second to first century BCE, Tigranes II the Great of Armenia (140-55 BCE), Antiochos I Theos of Commagene (ca. 86-38 BCE), and Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontus (134-63 BCE) employed multivalent imagery to legitimize their positions and assert their authority amid the changing political landscape of the Hellenistic East. Each king’s visual program shaped and reflected the political dynamics of his reign, the mixed cultural identity of his population, and the threats posed by foreign powers. As the kings negotiated their positions within an environment rife with military conflict and in territories composed of multi-ethnic populations, they created nuanced visual programs that layered ties to multiple historic precedents and religious authorities. Each king’s program intended to communicate differently to diverse audiences – both foreign and domestic – while simultaneously asserting the king’s position as the ruler of a powerful and unified realm. This dissertation considers the rulers’ creation and dissemination of such imagery, revealing new dimensions of ruling ideologies and visual culture in the Late Hellenistic East. EMPOWERING IMAGES: NEGOTIATING THE IDENTITY OF AUTHORITY THROUGH MATERIAL CULTURE IN THE HELLENISTIC EAST, 140-38 BCE By HyoSil Suzy Hwang Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2014 Advisory Committee: Professor Marjorie S. -
Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 26
Series I Volume XXVI 2000 W3 ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC wm JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. XXVI (2000) Coins of Tigranes II: Request for Material - P - Obituary 2 Latest News 2 Letters 2 Donations (Period ending 30 September 1999) 2 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Two Unpublished Coins of Tigranes III of Armenia 3 *, (Interview with Yeprem Arch. Tabakian ... 10 on Cilicia Museum in Antelias, Holy See of Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 11 SARYAN, L. A. 1996 Armeniaca Pattern Coinage of the Republic of Armenia Armenian Numismatic Literature 13 Catalog Book Review: Armenian Numismatics in The State History Museum , reviewed by L. A. Saryan Book Review: The Coinage of Sophene and Commagene: Nothing New Under the Sun, reviewed by Vartan Matiossian Publication Announcement of Armenian Numismatic Studies Armenian Numismatic Society Publications Publication Announcement of Armenian Numismatic Studies (membership prices) 21 A Tribute to Dr. Paul Z. Bedoukian - ALMA. Bedoukian Donates His Coin Collection to Armenian Library and • oo Museum of America Announcement 23 2^ Latest News Letters ^ Armenian Numismatic Literature 2^ 25 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. A Newly Discovered Coin of Tigranes I OA Armenian Numismatic Literature 31 SARYAN, L. A. Hayatian 25th Anniversary Silver Medal and Related Medals 32 SARYAN, L. A. Republic of Nagorno Karabagh Bravery Medal . 35 , Bagrat. Contemporary Armenian Bank Notes (in Armenian) SAHAKIAN, 39 Armenian Numismatic Literature Preliminary Offer: Request for Participation 41 Editorial 42 Letters 42 Latest 42 Donations . 43 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Silver Coins of Tigranes II of Armenia Tokens 109 SARYAN, L. A. Types and Varieties of Yerevan Metro Series I Volume XXVI, No. 1 March 2000 MB ARMENIAN numismatic journal TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. -
Old Abovian Walking Tour
NOTES: ARMAVIR ARMAVIRB REGION MAP HHH a traveler’s reference guide ® excavations of some of the country’s most famous Highlights cities, from each period of the country’s history. ARMAVIR marz B INTRODUCTION Area: 1251 sq. km ²ðزìÆðÙ³ñ½ It is for its Christian history that the marz is most Population: 160300 • Visit Vagharshapat, the Seat of the famous for locals and Diaspora Armenians, who Marz capital: Armavir Catholicos and center of the Armenian make pilgrimages to Armenia as much to worship ByB RickH Ney Distance from Yerevan: 48 km Apostolic Church (p. 17) at the ca. 303 cathedral of Echmiadzin as to visit MapsB by RafaelH Torossian Marzpetaran: Tel: (237) 63 716 • Explore Metsamor, the birthplace of their homeland. And its Christian history is as Edited by BellaH Karapetian Largest City: Vagharshapat (Echmiadzin) brozne, and its 2800 BCE astral dramatic as its ritual, borrowing from Pagan rites observatory (p. 55) and beliefs that continue to thrive in their Christian TABLEB OF CONTENTS Armavir is Armenia’s Cradle of Civilization; home to some of the oldest cities in the Near East, the context. H • Attend Sunday service (or Feast Day) at INTRODUCTION (p. 3) world’s oldest known forging of bronze, and its first Echmiadzin cathedral; listen to its NATUREH (p. 3) Armavir is featured in Armenia’s Freedom Struggle Christian state. Both are just a few miles from spectacular choir (p. 29) DOH (p. 6) after WWI, and is home of the battle that insured each other, and taken together they explore a WHEN?H (p. 7) the country’s independence, at Sardarapat. -
Darius in the Shadow of Alexander
Darius in the Shadow of Alexander DARIUS IN THE SHADOW OF ALEXANDER PIERRE BRIANT TRANSLATED BY JANE MARIE TODD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, EN GLAND 2015 Copyright © 2015 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the French Ministry of Foreign Aff airs and the Cultural Ser vices of the French Embassy in the United States. First published as Darius dans l’ombre d’Alexandre by Pierre Briant World copyright © Librairie Arthème Fayard, 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Briant, Pierre. [Darius dans l’ombre d’Alexandre. En glish] Darius in the shadow of Alexander / Pierre Briant ; translated by Jane Marie Todd. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 49309- 4 (alkaline paper) 1. Darius III, King of Persia— 330 B.C. 2. Iran— Kings and rulers— Biography. 3. Iran— History—To 640. 4. Alexander, the Great, 356 B.C.– 323 B.C. I. Title. DS284.7.B7513 2015 935'.705092—dc23 [B] 2014018170 Contents Ac know ledg ments vii Preface to the English- Language Edition ix Translator’s Note xvii Introduction: Between Remembering and Forgetting 1 I THE IMPOSSIBLE BIOGRAPHY 1. A Shadow among His Own 15 2. Darius Past and Present 65 II CONTRASTING PORTRAITS 3. “The Last Darius, the One Who Was Defeated by Alexander” 109 4. Arrian’s Darius 130 5. A Diff erent Darius or the Same One? 155 6. Darius between Greece and Rome 202 vi Contents III RELUCTANCE AND ENTHUSIASM 7. -
Studies in the Archaeology of Hellenistic Pontus: the Settlements, Monuments, and Coinage of Mithradates Vi and His Predecessors
STUDIES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF HELLENISTIC PONTUS: THE SETTLEMENTS, MONUMENTS, AND COINAGE OF MITHRADATES VI AND HIS PREDECESSORS A dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) In the Department of Classics of the College of Arts and Sciences 2001 by D. Burcu Arıkan Erciyas B.A. Bilkent University, 1994 M.A. University of Cincinnati, 1997 Committee Chair: Prof. Brian Rose ABSTRACT This dissertation is the first comprehensive study of the central Black Sea region in Turkey (ancient Pontus) during the Hellenistic period. It examines the environmental, archaeological, literary, and numismatic data in individual chapters. The focus of this examination is the central area of Pontus, with the goal of clarifying the Hellenistic kingdom's relationship to other parts of Asia Minor and to the east. I have concentrated on the reign of Mithradates VI (120-63 B.C.), but the archaeological and literary evidence for his royal predecessors, beginning in the third century B.C., has also been included. Pontic settlement patterns from the Chalcolithic through the Roman period have also been investigated in order to place Hellenistic occupation here in the broadest possible diachronic perspective. The examination of the coinage, in particular, has revealed a significant amount about royal propaganda during the reign of Mithradates, especially his claims to both eastern and western ancestry. One chapter deals with a newly discovered tomb at Amisos that was indicative of the aristocratic attitudes toward death. The tomb finds indicate a high level of commercial activity in the region as early as the late fourth/early third century B.C., as well as the significant role of Amisos in connecting the interior with the coast. -
Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 26
Series I Volume XXVI, No. 2 June 2000 13 ARMENIAN numismatic JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. XXVI (2000) No. 2 21 A Tribute to Dr. Paul Z. Bedoukian - . ALMA. Bedoukian Donates His Coin Collection to Armenian Library and Museum of America ^ 23 Announcement Latest News ^ , 23 24 Armenian Numismatic Literature Tigranes I 23 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. A Newly Discovered Coin of 30 Armenian Numismatic Literature Medal 31 SARYAN, L. A. Hayatian 25th Anniversary Silver Bravery Medal and Related Medals 32 SARYAN, L. A. Republic of Nagorno Karabagh . Bank Notes (in Armenian) ,SAHAKIAN, Bagrat. Contemporary Armenian Armenian Numismatic Literature Preliminary Offer: Request for Participation ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL Series I Vol. XXVI. No. 2 June 2000 A TRIBUTE TO . DR PAUL Z. BEDOUKIAN . The Armenian numismatic Society has . over the years appreciated and learned from the dedicated service that Dr. Be- doukian has rendered to the numis- , matic world. He has authored many : 1 publications and books about Armenian . £- ancient and medieval coins, but his : ^ ~ book on Cilician Armenian coins has become a classic, and the standard for - all numismatists. His experience be- . } came from his true love for his Arme- / : nian heritage and it’s coins. By profession Dr. Bedoukian is a • ^ chemi st, from where he learned exact *? , science in collecting and attributing of - Armenian coins. He traveled the world and purchased every coin that he could and those he could not purchase, he - made aluminum foil imprints of, for later studies. This entailed thousands of . Armenian coins. His collection of , Armenian coins is perhaps one of the most extensive in the world. -
A Comparison and Contrast of the History of Christianity As It
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2007 A Comparison and Contrast of the History of Christianity as it Developed in Cappadocia and Armenia during the First Five Centuries AD Judy Henzel Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Henzel, Judy, "A Comparison and Contrast of the History of Christianity as it Developed in Cappadocia and Armenia during the First Five Centuries AD" (2007). All Theses. 255. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/255 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITYAS IT DEVELOPED IN CAPPADOCIA AND ARMENIA DURING THE FIRST FIVE CENTURIES AD ___________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University ___________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Arts History ___________________________________________________________ by Judy H. Henzel December 2008 ___________________________________________________________ Accepted by: Dr. Elizabeth Carney, Committee Chair Dr. Stephen Grosby Dr. Alan Grubb ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to examine key political, cultural or environmental factors which affected the rise and development of Christianity in two specific regions of eastern Anatolia during the first to fifth centuries AD. Hagiography and chronicle often portray the progress of Christianity as deterministic and providential. However, unique cultural and political elements proved very influential in shaping the success and forms of Christianity in Cappadocia and Armenia, particularly in the fourth and fifth centuries AD. -
Collection of Scientific Articles
1 ЕРЕВАНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY ____________________________________________ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЕ НАУЧНОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО STUDENT SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY ISSN 1829-4367 СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ СТАТЕЙ СНО ЕГУ COLLECTION OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES OF YSU SSS 1.2 (28) Օбщественные и гуманитарные науки (Богословие, востоковедение, литературоведение, правоведение, языкознание, история, экономика и управление, философия и психология, политология и международные отношения) Humanities and Social Sciences (Theology, Oriental Studies, Literary Studies, Jurisprudence, Linguistics, History, Economics and Management, Philosophy and Psychology, Political Science and International Relations) ЕРЕВАН - YEREVAN ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ЕГУ - YSU PRESS 2019 2 ԵՐԵՎԱՆԻ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԼՍԱՐԱՆ ՈՒՍԱՆՈՂԱԿԱՆ ԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ԸՆԿԵՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ISSN 1829-4367 ԵՊՀ ՈՒԳԸ ԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ՀՈԴՎԱԾՆԵՐԻ ԺՈՂՈՎԱԾՈՒ 1.2 (28) Հումանիտար և հասարակական գիտություններ (Աստվածաբանություն, արևելագիտություն, գրականագիտություն, իրավագիտություն, լեզվաբանություն, պատմություն, տնտեսագիտություն և կառավարում, փիլիսոփայություն և հոգեբանություն, քաղաքագիտություն և միջազգային հարաբերություններ) ԵՐԵՎԱՆ ԵՊՀ ՀՐԱՏԱՐԱԿՉՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ 2019 3 Հրատարակվում է ԵՊՀ գիտական խորհրդի որոշմամբ Издается по решению Ученого совета ЕГУ Published by the Resolution of the Academic Council of YSU Խմբագրական խորհուրդ` Редакционная коллегия: բ․գ․դ․, պրոֆ․ Դ. Պետրոսյան д.ф.н., проф. Д. Петросян բ․գ․դ․, պրոֆ․ Լ. Մաթևոսյան д.ф.н., проф. Л. Матевосян բ.գ.դ., պրոֆ. Յու. Ավետիսյան д.ф.н., проф. Ю. Аветисян բ.գ.դ., պրոֆ. Ս. Մուրադյան д.ф.н., проф. А. Мурадян բ.գ.դ., պրոֆ. Վ. Հարությունյան д.ф.н., проф. В. Арутюнян հ․գ․դ․, պրոֆ․ Հ. Ավանեսյան д.п.н., проф. Г. Аванесян պ․գ․դ․, պրոֆ․ Ս. Մկրտչյան д.и.н., проф. С. Мкртчян տ.գ.դ., պրոֆ. Հ. Մնացականյան д.э.н., проф. А. Мнацаканян տ.գ.դ., պրոֆ. Հ. Սարգսյան д.э.н., проф. А. Саргсян ք․գ․դ․, պրոֆ․ Գ․ Քեռյան д.п.н., проф.