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The Pond Collection at WildCRU See associated notes for Collection arrangement and its terms of use Item Common name, sex, age Scientific name (former name) Specimen Source & date Location in Pond room Specimen quality & other notes Legal status in # E = excellent preservation; 2017 A = anatomic order &/or labelled bones; R = rare &/or valuable Mammalia Proboscidea 1 African bush (savannah) elephant, young adult Loxodonta africana Lower jaw Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, top ER CITES Appx I 2 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Intact permanent premolar or molar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 mostly unerupted, anterior slightly worn CITES Appx I 3 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Unerupted permanent set molar/premolar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I broken in half 4 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Erupted very slightly worn permanent set Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I molar/premolar tooth broken 5 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Unerupted permanent set molar/premolar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I broken 6 African bush (savannah) elephant, juvenile Loxodonta africana Three milk-set premolar teeth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 ER CITES Appx I 7 African bush (savannah) elephant, juvenile Loxodonta africana Small unworn segment of molar tooth Found on beach,Malindi, Kenya Feb. 1974 Bates CITES Appx I 8 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Larger unworn segments of molar tooth Found Malindi beach, Kenya Feb. 1974 Bates CITES Appx I 9 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Skin of ?Rt fore foot showing four toe nails, with healed Tsavo, Kenya 1974 Janzen, shelf 5 ER CITES Appx I injury 10 Elephant ?African bush (savannah) ?Loxodonta africana Skin from ear and from body (with sparse hair) Bates CITES Appx I 11 Elephant Loxodonta or Elephas 3 billiard balls cut diametrically from U. 2nd incisor Antique Janzen, shelf 5 E, R; shows pulp cavity & helical dentinal CITES Appx I showing pulp cavities and helical dentinal tubules, total tubules 530 g 12 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana c. 380 plain beads cut from U. 2nd incisor, in 2 strings, Central Tanzania 1982 Bates CITES Appx I graded sizes, total 129 g 13 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Curved pendant cut from U. 2nd incisor showing Central Tanzania 1982 Bates E, R Dentinal helices & outer enamel CITES Appx I anatomical structure, 18 g 14 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Square pendant cut from U. 2nd incisor without visible Central Tanzania 1982 Bates CITES Appx I anatomical structure, 6 g 15 ?Elephant Loxodonta or Elephas Tip of ?elephant U. 2nd incisor, worn on one side Acquired Albertville, Savoie, France 1973 Bates CITES Appx I 16 Asian elephant Elephas maximus Right hind foot + skin, sole & toenails, made into trash Gift from Lady K. Lake (1932-2017) Janzen, top E, R CITES Appx I basket 380 Asian elephant, probably young ♂ Elephas maximus U. 2nd incisor 37 cm long with large pulp cavity Collected E. Asia late 19th C by William L. James; donated 2018 by Bates E, R CITES Appx I his descendants Hyracoidea 17 Rock hyrax, BM 1.7 kg Procavia capensis Skull+atlas vertebra in situ , lower jaw South Africa 1995 Bates 18 Rock hyrax Procavia capensis Lower jaw fragment South Africa 1995 Bates 19 Yellow-spotted hyrax Heterohyrax brucei Lower jaw fragment with 4 comb-like incisors South Africa 1995 Bates Perissodactyla 20 Horse Equus caballus Mounted R. foreleg, top of ulna broken Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1978 Beside Walnut E, A 21 Horse BM c. 444 kg Equus caballus Skull (braincase damaged) +lower jaw+ hyoids Shot in abattoir, Bucks, UK Walnut upper, shelf 1 22 Horse, mature adult Equus caballus 10 intact + 2 sectioned molar teeth Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1978 Walnut upper, shelf 1 402 Equid, young adult Equus caballus 5 intact molar teeth with open roots Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1978 Walnut upper, shelf 1 23 Donkey, very elderly, BM 175 kg Equus asinus Skull+lower jaw, teeth worn & malocclused Donkey Sanctuary, Seaton, Dorset Walnut upper, shelf 1 E bone mineral much depleted, 24 Horse, mature adult Equus caballus Partly broken molar tooth Walnut upper, shelf 1 Shows structure of molars 25 Elderly herbivore ? Donkey/pony Equus? Very worn premolar tooth, 4 closed roots Walnut upper, shelf 1 26 Northern white rhinoceros, mature adult Ceratotherium (simum) cottoni Skull+lower jaw with 19 molar teeth in situ, U. left Nr. Jinja, Uganda c. 1950 collected by Dr Margaret E. Varley (née On small steel table E, A, R Base of horns and nose intact CITES Appx I 2nd+all 4 1st premolars & horn lost post mortem Brown) 1918-2009. Kept outside S. England c. 1955-2017 27 Southern white rhinoceros juvenile ♀ BM c. 800 kg Ceratotherium (simum) simum Skull + small horn, lower jaw (R half in 4 sections, teeth ZSL Whipsnade zoo 30 Jan. 1990 2 bullets in cranium Janzen top R CITES Appx I removed), hyoid bones, atlas vertebra, knee cap, small bones, tail 28 Black rhino, mature adult Diceros bicornis Molar tooth, very worn, roots nearly closed Tsavo Kenya Africa (drought early 1970s) Janzen, shelf 3 CITES Appx I 29 Black rhino, adult Diceros bicornis Premolar tooth, worn, roots still open Tsavo Kenya Africa (drought early 1970s) Janzen, shelf 3 CITES Appx I 30 Rhino? Molar tooth, very worn, roots closed Tsavo Kenya Africa (drought early 1970s) Janzen, shelf 3 CITES Appx I 1 The Pond Collection at WildCRU See associated notes for Collection arrangement and its terms of use Item Common name, sex, age Scientific name (former name) Specimen Source & date Location in Pond room Specimen quality & other notes Legal status in # E = excellent preservation; 2017 A = anatomic order &/or labelled bones; R = rare &/or valuable Artiodactyla 31 Collared Peccary Pecari (Tayassu) tajacu Skull+lower jaw, all molars intact, canines & incisors Costa Rica 1974 Janzen, shelf 3 chipped 32 Collared Peccary old ♀ BM 27 kg Pecari (Tayassu) tajacu Large bundle of bristles Whipsnade zoo 18/8/1987 Bates 33 Wild boar old ♀ BM 80 kg Sus scrofa Skull+ L. jaws (cranium & jaw damaged), loose bones, Regent's Park zoo shot 11/10/1984 Janzen, shelf 3 tail, bundle of bristles 34 Domestic pig, young adult Sus scrofa 3rd molar & premolar teeth Bates 401 Domestic pig, immature probably ♂ Sus scrofa Skull+lower jaws, some teeth missing England 2018 Janzen, shelf 3 403 Domestic pig Sus scrofa bisected skull, atlas & axis vertebrae USA Janzen, shelf 3 35 Elderly domestic pig or wild boar Sus scrofa Very worn premolar tooth, 3 closed roots Bates 36 Common warthog, mature adult Phacochoerus africanus Upper & lower enlarged curved canine teeth, intact found Kenya 1974 Bates 37 Common warthog weaned juvenile Phacochoerus africanus R. lower jaw + broken part of upper jaw, with teeth found Kenya 1974 Bates erupting 38 2-humped camel adult ♀, body mass 650 kg Camelus bactrianus Skull+lower jaw, hyoid bones, decayed molar tooth; rt. ZSL Whipsnade zoo August 1982 Walnut upper, shelf 1 radius/ulna; tip of tail 39 2-humped camel, age 78 days, BM 104 kg Camelus bactrianus Skull & lower jaw bisected, hyoids, erupting teeth; ZSL Whipsnade zoo 1982 Walnut lower, shelf 2 incomplete hind limb bones+open epiphyses labelled 40 White-tailed deer, mature stag Odocoileus virginianus Mounted head, with Mich. hunting licence on R antler Michigan, USA 1946, bought at house clearance sale 1975 On north wall E, R 41 White-tailed deer, young adult Odocoileus virginianus Rt. lower jaw, with all incisor & molar teeth, some bone Eastern USA Janzen, shelf 2 damage 42 ? White-tailed deer, adult ? Odocoileus virginianus Pre-molar tooth, partly worn Bates 43 Red deer, young adult Cervus elaphus Left lower jaw found Scotland Janzen, shelf 2 391 Red deer, adults ♂ Cervus elaphus 3 broken antlers each with 1 tine (2 shed, 1 broken Wytham Wood Janzen, Left drawer through bone); 1 vestigial antler; rodent chewed 44 ? Fallow deer (or reindeer) Dama dama Base of shed antler with tine found Scotland Bates Shows abscission zone 67 Very large cervid ? Irish Elk Base of shed antler Found UK 384 Roe deer mature ♂ Capreolus capreolus Two-pronged antlers, intact & attached to sawn-off Wytham wood, #37 shot. Janzen, shelf 2 frontal bones 385 Roe deer young adult ♂ Capreolus capreolus Antlers, bone only attached to cranium with ear bullae Wytham wood, probably shot. Janzen, shelf 2 & occiput 386 Sika or red deer young ♂ Cervus spp. One-pronged antlers, intact & attached to sawn-off Wytham wood, #90 shot Janzen, shelf 2 frontal bones 387 Fallow deer yearling ♂ Dama dama One-pronged antlers, intact & attached to sawn-off Wytham Wood, #81 shot 10/11/90 Janzen, shelf 2 frontal bones 390 Fallow deer mature adult Dama dama Scapula, humerus, 2 tibiae, sternum, 4 vertebrae, Wytham Wood, Feb. 1980 probably found decayed, bones chewed Janzen, Left drawer metatarsal/carpal by rodents etc. 45 Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Antlers, mostly pairs, loose In or near Adventdalen, Svalbard, Dec. 1989 Janzen, Rt drawer LABEL Protected in Norway 46 Svalbard reindeer mature ♂ Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Large antler sawn in half, found abscissed Helveticadalen, Svalbard, 14 July 1990 Walnut, top Protected in Norway 47 Red deer Cervus elaphus Antler shed from young stag Found Grampians, Scotland Walnut, top 48 Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus 4 Antlers from 2 adults loose In or near Adventdalen, Svalbard, Dec. 1989 Janzen, Rt drawer Protected in Norway 49 Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Skull +1 antler sawn off, 1 vestigial with guard hair In or near Adventdalen, Svalbard, Dec. 1989 Janzen, shelf 2 Protected in Norway 50 Svalbard reindeer mature adult ♂ Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Skull , both antlers sawn off, sutures well developed, In or near Adventdalen, Svalbard, Dec.
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  • The Global Magnitude and Implications of Legal and Illegal Wildlife Trade in China

    The Global Magnitude and Implications of Legal and Illegal Wildlife Trade in China

    The global magnitude and implications of legal and illegal wildlife trade in China Y UNBO J IAO and T IEN M ING L EE Abstract China is one of the largest consumer markets in is a major component of this global commerce. China is the international legal and illegal wildlife trade. An increas- a major supply source (Nijman, ; Petrossian et al., ing demand for wildlife and wildlife products is threaten- ), but since the s has become one of the world’s ing biodiversity, both within China and in other countries largest consumers of wildlife and wildlife products (Zhou where wildlife destined for the Chinese market is being & Jiang, ; UNODC, ), as a result of economic sourced. We analysed official data on legal imports of development and increasing consumer affluence. China’s CITES-listed species in five vertebrate classes (mammals, demand for wildlife appears to continue to expand as its af- reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish), and on enforcement fluent, urban population increases, and the culture of wild- seizures of illegally traded wildlife, during –. This life consumption spreads from the south to other parts of is the first study that collates and analyses publicly available the country (Zhang et al., ; Zhang & Yin, ). data on China’s legal and illegal wildlife trade and considers This demand drives unsustainable and often illegal a broad range of species. Specifically, we estimated the scale harvest and trade, threatening biological diversity within and scope of the legal and illegal wildlife trade, quantified and beyond China’s borders. The Red List of China’s the diversity of species involved, and identified the major Biodiversity (MEE & CAS, ) shows that % of the trading partners, hotspots and routes associated with illegal , Chinese vertebrate species that have been assessed trade.