DOCSLIB.ORG

The Global Magnitude and Implications of Legal and Illegal Wildlife Trade in China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Global Magnitude and Implications of Legal and Illegal Wildlife Trade in China The global magnitude and implications of legal and illegal wildlife trade in China Y UNBO J IAO and T IEN M ING L EE Abstract China is one of the largest consumer markets in is a major component of this global commerce. China is the international legal and illegal wildlife trade. An increas- a major supply source (Nijman, ; Petrossian et al., ing demand for wildlife and wildlife products is threaten- ), but since the s has become one of the world’s ing biodiversity, both within China and in other countries largest consumers of wildlife and wildlife products (Zhou where wildlife destined for the Chinese market is being & Jiang, ; UNODC, ), as a result of economic sourced. We analysed official data on legal imports of development and increasing consumer affluence. China’s CITES-listed species in five vertebrate classes (mammals, demand for wildlife appears to continue to expand as its af- reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish), and on enforcement fluent, urban population increases, and the culture of wild- seizures of illegally traded wildlife, during –. This life consumption spreads from the south to other parts of is the first study that collates and analyses publicly available the country (Zhang et al., ; Zhang & Yin, ). data on China’s legal and illegal wildlife trade and considers This demand drives unsustainable and often illegal a broad range of species. Specifically, we estimated the scale harvest and trade, threatening biological diversity within and scope of the legal and illegal wildlife trade, quantified and beyond China’s borders. The Red List of China’s the diversity of species involved, and identified the major Biodiversity (MEE & CAS, ) shows that % of the trading partners, hotspots and routes associated with illegal , Chinese vertebrate species that have been assessed trade. Our findings show that substantial quantities of wild- using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria are catego- life have been extracted globally for the Chinese market: rized as threatened. Overexploitation for food and use in during – over . million whole-organism equiva- traditional Chinese medicine is the most pervasive threat lents and million kg of derivatives of legally traded wildlife, to Chinese vertebrates (MEE & CAS, ). As wildlife plus over , illegally traded animals (alive and dead) populations are depleted within China, sourcing of com- and a substantial amount of animal body parts and prod- mercially valuable species has shifted to neighbouring coun- ucts, were imported into China. Although measures to tries in Asia, and to Africa (UNODC, ). As a result, reduce demand and alleviate poverty are crucial to curb the wild populations of highly coveted species, includ- unsustainable and illegal wildlife trade in the longer term, ing pangolins (Challender et al., ), Asian large felids China’s wildlife regulators and enforcers must take urgent (Lynam, ; Maheshwari & Niraj, ), bears (Garshelis measures to disrupt the supply chains from source to market. & Steinmetz, ), rhinoceroses and elephants (UNEP et al., ;Milliken,), and tortoises and freshwater tur- Keywords Biodiversity conservation, China, CITES, enforce- tles (Nijman & Shepherd, ) have experienced severe de- ment, illegal wildlife trade, regulation, wildlife products clines in China’s main source countries. As highlighted by Supplementary material for this article is available at the global outbreak of COVID- (WHO, ), this legal doi.org/./S and illegal wildlife trade threatens not only biodiversity but also human health, by facilitating the transmission of zoo- notic diseases from wild animals to people. Prior analyses of legal and illegal wildlife trade in China Introduction focused primarily on high-value species or wildlife products such as tigers (Wong, ), elephant ivory (Gao & Clark, nternational wildlife trade, whether legal or illegal, is a ) or bear bile (Foley et al., ), or on trade hotspots Iglobal business, with a value of traded and smuggled of these species and products such as Yunnan (Yi et al., goods of USD billions per year (Harfoot et al., ; ), Guangxi (Jiang et al., ) or Guangdong (Chow ‘ t Sas-Rolfes et al., ). Wildlife trade to and from China et al., ). There is a paucity of empirical studies that con- sider both the legal and illegal wildlife trade in the country YUNBO JIAO (Corresponding author, orcid.org/0000-0001-6473-6357) School as a whole. of Law, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, Here, we aim to provide an evidence-based overview of China. E-mail [email protected] China’s role in transnational wildlife trade through an TIEN MING LEE ( orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-9358) School of Life Sciences, examination of empirical data on legal wildlife trade and en- School of Ecology and State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat- – sen University, Guangzhou, China forcement seizures of illegally traded wildlife during Received December . Revision requested March . Specifically, we examined: ( ) the scale and scope of Accepted August . China’s legal and illegal trade, () the number and diversity This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, Downloadeddistribution, from https://www.cambridge.org/core and reproduction in any medium,. IP address: provided 170.106.40.139 the original work, on is 25 properly Sep 2021 cited. at 00:50:52, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/termsOryx, Page 1 of 8 © The Author(s),. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605320000800 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605320000800 2 Y. Jiao and T. M. Lee of species involved, () the major trading partners and Material ). With respect to the type of traded goods, () the hotspots and routes associated with China’s illegal China’s imports were dominated by live animals and skins, trade. This information can aid wildlife management au- accounting for and % of the total imports, respectively. thorities in China and source countries in improving their regulation of legal trade, and help cross-border wildlife law enforcement agencies formulate more tailored interception Most imported species A total of vertebrate species – and prevention strategies to disrupt illegal trade. were imported into China during . Of those, species were listed on CITES Appendix I, on Appendix II and on Appendix III. Overall, a relatively Methods small number of species accounted for the majority of imported wildlife (e.g. the brown caiman Caiman crocodilus We gathered data from two sources. For legal trade, we fuscus and the oriental ratsnake Ptyas mucosus; Supple- queried the CITES trade database (CITES, ) for all mentary Material ). Within the taxonomic groups, the ’ records of China s imports of five vertebrate classes (mam- most traded species constituted % of the imports of – mals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish) during mammals, % of reptile imports, % of bird imports (data downloaded on December ). This database has and nearly all fish imports. Ten species belonging to mul- been used in previous studies to examine trade of a selected tiple taxonomic groups accounted for % of all imports range of taxonomic groups or species at different geograph- of live animals, and five reptilian species together accounted ical scales (e.g. Jiang et al., ; Li & Jiang, ; Foster et al., for % of all imports of skins. ), but ours is the first to use it to quantify China’s global imports of all CITES-listed vertebrate species. For data on illegal trade, we collated information re- Purpose of imported wildlife The intended purpose of ported by TRAFFIC () on seizures of illegally traded legally imported wildlife varied between taxonomic groups wildlife for the same time period, including cases that (Supplementary Table , Supplementary Material ). Mam- involved China as the source, transit point or final desti- mals were imported primarily for the fur trade, and rep- nation of the seized wildlife, and seizure incidents occur- tiles for their skin, and for human consumption, traditional ring within and outside China (see Supplementary Material Chinese medicine and the pet trade. Birds were imported pri- for details). marily for the pet trade. Parrots (Psittaciformes), particularly members of the Psittacidae family, which are often traded as caged birds in China (Li & Jiang, ), were the most im- Results ported taxon. Fish trade was dominanted by the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii and the Asian arowana Scleropages Legal trade formosus, which were introduced into China mainly for commercial captive breeding for human consumption (Chen Scale of China’s legal trade Our analysis of , CITES et al., ) and ornamental use (Tian et al., ), respectively. trade records showed that during –, an estimat- ed . million whole-organism equivalents of wildlife (including . million live animals) and million kg of wild- Wild-caught vs captive-bred imports Captive-bred animals ’ life derivatives were legally imported into China. The mean comprised on average over half ( %) of China s annual annual import volume in whole-organism equivalents was imports for most of the study period (Supplementary . million, accounting for c. % of the legitimate global Fig. a, Supplementary Material ). At the level of taxo- wildlife imports, which were estimated at million per nomic groups, mammals were mostly wild-caught ( %of – year (Harfoot
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Pond Collection at Wildcru
    The Pond Collection at WildCRU See associated notes for Collection arrangement and its terms of use Item Common name, sex, age Scientific name (former name) Specimen Source & date Location in Pond room Specimen quality & other notes Legal status in # E = excellent preservation; 2017 A = anatomic order &/or labelled bones; R = rare &/or valuable Mammalia Proboscidea 1 African bush (savannah) elephant, young adult Loxodonta africana Lower jaw Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, top ER CITES Appx I 2 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Intact permanent premolar or molar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 mostly unerupted, anterior slightly worn CITES Appx I 3 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Unerupted permanent set molar/premolar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I broken in half 4 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Erupted very slightly worn permanent set Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I molar/premolar tooth broken 5 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Unerupted permanent set molar/premolar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I broken 6 African bush (savannah) elephant, juvenile Loxodonta africana Three milk-set premolar teeth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 ER CITES Appx I 7 African bush (savannah) elephant, juvenile Loxodonta africana Small unworn segment of molar tooth Found on beach,Malindi, Kenya Feb. 1974 Bates CITES Appx I 8 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Larger unworn segments of molar tooth Found Malindi beach, Kenya Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Red List of Bangladesh 2015
    Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary Chief National Technical Expert Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+122. ISBN: 978-984-34-0733-7 Publication Assistant: Sheikh Asaduzzaman Design and Printed by: Progressive Printers Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pond Collection at Wildcru Online Catalogue
    The Pond Collection at WildCRU See associated notes for Collection arrangement and its terms of use Item Common name, sex, age Scientific name (former Specimen Source & date Location in Pond Specimen quality & other notes Legal status in # name) room E = excellent preservation; 2017 A = anatomic order &/or labelled bones; R = rare &/or valuable Mammalia Proboscidea 1 African bush (savannah) elephant, young adult Loxodonta africana Lower jaw Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, top ER CITES Appx I 2 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Intact permanent premolar or molar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 mostly unerupted, anterior slightly worn CITES Appx I 3 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Unerupted permanent set molar/premolar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I broken in half 4 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Erupted very slightly worn permanent set Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I molar/premolar tooth broken 5 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Unerupted permanent set molar/premolar tooth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 CITES Appx I broken 6 African bush (savannah) elephant, juvenile Loxodonta africana Three milk-set premolar teeth Tsavo, Kenya, d. early 1970s drought Janzen, shelf 5 ER CITES Appx I 7 African bush (savannah) elephant, juvenile Loxodonta africana Small unworn segment of molar tooth Found on beach,Malindi, Kenya Feb. 1974 Bates CITES Appx I 8 African bush (savannah) elephant Loxodonta africana Larger unworn segments of molar tooth Found Malindi beach, Kenya Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuora Amboinensis (Malayan Box Turtle)
    Studbook breeding programme Cuora amboinensis (Malayan box turtle) Annual report 2010-2011 Merijn Kerlen, studbook keeper Joris Drubbel, studbook keeper KvK nr. 41136106 www.studbooks.eu Studbook breeding report 2010-2011 – Cuora amboinensis Introduction For this year 12 animals died. New breeding’s, 4, have been reported from 1 location. The high number of died animals is mostly caused by a personal problem with one keeper for which all animals, 10 in total, died together with all his other animals. The number of locations (20), animals (86) and breeding’s (4) is decreasing. The main reason is the lack of interest in Cuora amboinensis. Some locations and numbers of animals are unsure because of no contacts. Four different subspecies are known (amboinensis, couro, kamaroma and lineate). Except lineata, all subspecies are present in the studbook. Far the most of them are subspecie kamaroma followed by amboinensis. From subspecie couro one breeding is reported! The other breeding belongs to kamaroma just as the years before. The ESF studbook received several international requests about determining sub species of Cuora amboinensis. Still some people are looking for adult Cuora’s but only the sub specie couro and some female amboinensis. Animals offered are mainly kamaroma and male amboinensis. This is exactly the same as the years before. 2 Studbook breeding report 2010-2011 – Cuora amboinensis Studbook population The total population; Date Locations Specimens Birth Death 1999 7 36 (9, 12, 15) 2 ? 2000 10 47 5 1 2001 14 55 (13, 16, 26)
    [Show full text]
  • Unrestricted Species
    UNRESTRICTED SPECIES Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fishes) Atheriniformes (Silversides) Scientific Name Common Name Bedotia geayi Madagascar Rainbowfish Melanotaenia boesemani Boeseman's Rainbowfish Melanotaenia maylandi Maryland's Rainbowfish Melanotaenia splendida Eastern Rainbow Fish Beloniformes (Needlefishes) Scientific Name Common Name Dermogenys pusilla Wrestling Halfbeak Characiformes (Piranhas, Leporins, Piranhas) Scientific Name Common Name Abramites hypselonotus Highbacked Headstander Acestrorhynchus falcatus Red Tail Freshwater Barracuda Acestrorhynchus falcirostris Yellow Tail Freshwater Barracuda Anostomus anostomus Striped Headstander Anostomus spiloclistron False Three Spotted Anostomus Anostomus ternetzi Ternetz's Anostomus Anostomus varius Checkerboard Anostomus Astyanax mexicanus Blind Cave Tetra Boulengerella maculata Spotted Pike Characin Carnegiella strigata Marbled Hatchetfish Chalceus macrolepidotus Pink-Tailed Chalceus Charax condei Small-scaled Glass Tetra Charax gibbosus Glass Headstander Chilodus punctatus Spotted Headstander Distichodus notospilus Red-finned Distichodus Distichodus sexfasciatus Six-banded Distichodus Exodon paradoxus Bucktoothed Tetra Gasteropelecus sternicla Common Hatchetfish Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Black Skirt Tetra Hasemania nana Silver-tipped Tetra Hemigrammus erythrozonus Glowlight Tetra Hemigrammus ocellifer Head and Tail Light Tetra Hemigrammus pulcher Pretty Tetra Hemigrammus rhodostomus Rummy Nose Tetra *Except if listed on: IUCN Red List (Endangered, Critically Endangered, or Extinct
    [Show full text]
  • AMPHIBIAN and REPTILE TRADE in TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS and TRENDS a Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Gr
    AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE TRADE IN TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS A Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2009 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE TRADE IN TEXAS: CURRENT STATUS AND TRENDS A Thesis by HEATHER LEE PRESTRIDGE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Chair of Committee, Lee A. Fitzgerald Committee Members, James R. Dixon Toby J. Hibbitts Ulrike Gretzel Head of Department, Thomas E. Lacher August 2009 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences iii ABSTRACT Amphibian and Reptile Trade in Texas: Current Status and Trends. (August 2009) Heather Lee Prestridge, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Lee A. Fitzgerald The non-game wildlife trade poses a risk to our natural landscape, natural heritage, economy, and security. Specifically, the trade in non-game reptiles and amphibians exploits native populations, and is likely not sustainable for many species. Exotic amphibian and reptile species pose risk of invasion and directly or indirectly alter the native landscape. The extent of non-game amphibian and reptile trade is not fully understood and is poorly documented. To quantitatively describe the trade in Texas, I solicited data from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s (TPWD) non-game dealer permits.
    [Show full text]
  • Box Turtles Genus Terrapene and Cuora
    Box Turtles Genus Terrapene and Cuora **Many subspecies of box turtle are protected and are illegal to own in many states without special license to keep. If one of these turtles are indigenous to the state you live in, chances are high that it is illegal to keep as a pet. NORTH AMERICAN SUBSPECIES: Florida box turtle (Terrapene carolina bauri) Gulf Coast box turtle (Terrapene carolina major0, Three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina triunguis), Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) Coahuilan Box Turtle (Terrapene coahuila), Spotted Box Turtle (Terrapene nelsoni), Desert Box Turtle (Terrapene ornate luteola) Ornate Box Turtle (Terrapene ornata ornata) **Ornate box turtles are an extremely delicate species and are not recommended for hobbyists. ASIAN SUBSPECIES (COMMON): Chinese box turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) and Malayan (Amboina) box turtle (Cuora amboinensis), Yellow-margined box turtle (Cuora (Cistoclemmys) flavomarginata), Flowerback Box Turtle (Cuora (Cistoclemmys) galbinifrous), Three-striped box turtle (Cuora trifasciata), Keeled box turtle (Pyxidea mouhotii). Four additional Asian species exist but are extremely rare: (aurocapitata, mccordi, pani, and yunnanensis) This care sheet gives general care recommendations for all box turtles NOTE: It is against federal law for turtles and tortoises under 4 inches in length (from front of shell to back of shell) to be sold in pet stores. Many of these turtles are wild caught, and usually suffer some stress from being caught and from traveling. Because of this, they generally suffer from a heavy bacterial and protozoan load, which can result in infections. Be sure to see your exotic pet veterinarian soon after purchasing your new turtle. He or she will perform a complete physical exam and then de-worm your new pet.
    [Show full text]
  • Animals Approved for Zoos in New Zealand As of June 2021
    INFORMATION SHEET Animals approved for zoos in New Zealand as of June 2021 This is an alphabetical list of animals that can be held in zoos* in New Zealand. Approval numbers that begin with “PRE” were approved prior to July 29 1998 and were subsequently transferred to the HSNO Act. Approval numbers that begin with “NOC” are animal species approved under the HSNO Act after that date. Key to this document: * Approvals may only be used by facilities that are open to the public and approved by the Ministry for Primary Industries for the containment of that species unless the approval code is followed by one of the following symbols: † The approved zoo facility is not required to be open to the public. †† The approval may only be used by the Keystone Wildlife Conservancy containment facility (now known as Gibbs Wildlife Conservancy). ††† Species can also be held under facilities approved to the MAF/ERMA New Zealand Containment Facilities for Vertebrate Laboratory Animals. Species Common name Approval code Abatus shackletoni Koehler, 1911 Sea urchin (echinoids) PRE008972 Acinonyx jubatus Schreber, 1775 Cheetah PRE008902 Acondaster hodgonsoni Yellow starfish PRE008974 Acontaster conspicuous Yellow starfish PRE008973 Acrobates pygmaeus Shaw, 1793 feather tailed glider NOC002541† Adamussium colbecki Smith, 1902 Antarctic scallop (mollusc) PRE008975 Aerothyris fragilis Smith, 1907 brachiopod (mollusc) PRE008976 Aerothyris joubini Blochmann, 1906 brachiopod (mollusc) PRE008977 Ailuropoda melanoleuca David, 1869 giant panda NOC100015† Ailurus fulgens
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation
    DISSERTATION Funktional – morphologische Untersuchung des Fressapparates bei vier cryptodiren Schildkröten: ein Vergleich zwischen Cuora amboinensis, Cuora flavomarginata, Cuora galbinifrons und Sternotherus odoratus. angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer.nat.) Verfasserin / Verfasser: Nikolay Natchev Matrikel-Nummer: 9802229 Dissertationsgebiet (lt. Zoologie Studienblatt): Betreuerin / Betreuer: A.O. Prof. Dr. J. Weisgram Wien, im Inhaltverzeichnis: I. Einleitung……………………………………………………………………………………4 I.1. Die Problematik der Schildkrötenphylogenie und Schildkrötenpaleoökologie…4 I.2. Grundbegriffe und Terminologie zur Nahrungsaufnahme der gnathostomen Vertebrata……………………………………………………………………………………..6 I.2.1. Aquatische Fressvorgänge……………………………………………………...6 I.2.2. Terrestrische Fressvorgänge………………………………………………….15 I.3. Ziele und Arbeitshypothesen……………………………………………………...22 II. Eingereichte Arbeiten…….……………………………………………………………..25 II.1. mit Egon Heiss, Patrick Lemell, Daniel Stratev, Josef Weisgram (2009): Analysis of prey capture and food transport kinematics in two Asian box turtles, Cuora amboinensis and Cuora flavomarginata (Chelonia, Geoemydidae), with emphasis on terrestrial feeding patterns. Zoology………………………………………25 II.2. mit Patrick Lemell, Egon Heiss, Christian Beisser, Josef Weisgram (2008): Aquatic feeding in a terrestrial turtle: a functional-morphological study of the feeding apparatus in the Indochinese box turtle Cuora galbinifrons (Chelonia, Geoemydidae). Zoomorphology (submitted)……………………………………………69 II.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuora Amboinensis) Seventeen Years After Listing in Appendix II CITES
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 3, March 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1142-1148 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210339 Harvesting trends of Amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) seventeen years after listing in Appendix II CITES MUHAMMAD ALIF FAUZI1, AMIR HAMIDY2, NIA KURNIAWAN1, 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya. Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-341-554403, email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Widyasatwaloka Building, Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia Manuscript received: 4 October 2019. Revision accepted: 21 February 2020. Abstract. Fauzi MA, Hamidy A, Kurniawan N. 2020. Harvesting trends of Amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) seventeen years after listing in Appendix II CITES. Biodiversitas 21: 1142-1148. Among Southeast Asian freshwater turtles, the Amboina box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) held the highest recorded harvesting levels. The large volumes of harvesting influenced its International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) revised the conservation status of C.amboinensis from Near Threatened to Vulnerable in 2000. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) also inclusion of Amboina box turtle in Appendix II category. The CITES trade database provided a data set that tracks the legal trade of C. amboinensis in the global market from 2000 to 2017. Before 2005, Malaysia was the largest major supplier of this species to the global market. However, after 2005, Indonesia replaces Malaysia as the biggest exporter. From 2005 to 2014, the data showed that the trade trends already followed the quota of provisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Elaphe 1/2020
    ABSTRACTS elaphe 1/2020 Dear DGHT members, We started to summarize some of the main ar- Cryptic Golden Tegu ticles of our elaphe journal in English, for our (Tupinambis cryp- non-German speaking members. These summaries have been compiled by Beate Pfau. tus) - the World’s First Captive Bree- Cover Story: Technical Ter- ding in Cologne Zoo? rarium Equipment for Kee- By Thomas Ziegler, Anna Rauhaus ping Large Lizards & Miguel Vences This is an extensive report on husbandry of the Cryptic gol- by Thilo Böck den tegu, which had been kept in the terraria of the zoolo- The main topic of this elaphe issue is practical advice gical garden in Cologne for more than ten years. The pair on keeping really large lizards like monitors (Varanus of these lizards came with the scientific name Tupinambis“ spp.). The first hint is on how to offer water. Monitors teguixin” which was common for all these similar looking are strong and playful animals, and they like to turn over tegus at that time. After MURPHY et al. had published their any water bowl that is not really heavily weighted. Tipps paper on the Tupinambis teguixin group in 2016 (see refe- are also given on how to install the electric equipment in rence below) we tried to identify the species of our lizards, those large and potentially moist terraria. It is not feasi- but that was a challenge. It is not possible to identify these ble to change the water in these terraria completely in cryptic species by morphology, but when analysing blood very short intervals, instead filtration and treatment of samples with genetic methods we could determine the the aquarium part is needed, and the different techni- species as Tupinambis cryptus with high probability, but ques, which have proven to work for large lizard water there are still not enough comparative data.
    [Show full text]
  • Schildkroeten in Radiata
    Schildkrötenarten in der RADIATA Seite 1 von 3 Turtle species in RADIATA Gattung Art Unterart Name D Name E Heft Actinemys marmorata - Pazifische Sumpfschildkröte Western Pond Turtle 2011-4 Aldabrachelys gigantea gigantea Aldabra-Riesenschildkröte Aldabra Giant Tortoise 2013-4 Amyda cartilaginea - Knorpelweichschildkröte Black-rayed Soft-shelled Turtle 2009-1 Apalone ferox - Florida-Weichschildkröte Florida Soft-shelled Turtle 2009-1 Apalone ferox - Florida-Weichschildkröte Florida Soft-shelled Turtle 2010-4 Batagur borneonensis - Callagur-Flussschildkröte Painted Terrapin 2012-1 Caretta caretta - Unechte Karettschildkröte Loggerhead Turtle 2009-1 Chelodina longicollis - Gewöhnliche Schlangenhalsschildkröte Common Snake-necked Turtle 2013-4 Chelonia mydas - Suppenschildkröte Green Sea Turtle 2009-1 Chelonia mydas - Suppenschildkröte Green Sea Turtle 2012-1 Chelonoidis carbonaria - Köhlerschildkröte Red-footed Tortoise 2011-2 Chelonoidis denticulata - Waldschildkröte Yellow-footed Tortoise 2011-2 Chelonoidis denticulata - Waldschildkröte Yellow-footed Tortoise 2013-4 Chelus fimbriata - Matamata Matamata 2012-1 Chelydra serpentina - Schnappschildkröte Common Snapping Turtle 2009-3 Clemmys guttata - Tropfenschildkröte Spotted Turtle 2012-2 Cuora amboinensis - Amboina-Scharnierschildkröte Amboina Box Turtle 2010-3 Cuora galbinifrons - Hinterindische Scharnierschildkröte Indochinese Box Turtle 2013-2 Cyclemys atripons - Kambodschanische Schönstreifen-DornschildkröteCambodian Black Bridged Leaf Turtle 2012-4 Cyclemys dentata - Malaiische Dornschildkröte
    [Show full text]