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The State of the Nation the State of the Nation: Water

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The State of the Nation the State of the Nation: Water THE STATE OF THE NATION THE STAtE oF THE NAtIoN: WAtEr About ICE About thIs rEport CoNtents Founded in 1818, the Institution of State of the Nation reports have been Civil Engineers (ICE) is an international compiled each year since 2000 by panels prEsIdent’s Foreword 03 membership organisation with over 80,000 of experts drawn from across the ICE ExecutIvE summAry 04 members in 166 countries worldwide. Its membership and beyond. members range from students to professional WAtEr SecurIty strAtEgy 04 For the last four years, ICE’s State of the civil engineers. As an educational and Nation reports have focused on a specific ICE’s Main RecommendAtIoNs 05 qualifying body, ICE is recognised for its issue, such as capacity and skills, transport, excellence as a centre of learning and as BackgrouNd: WAtEr SecurIty defending critical infrastructure, low NoW and in thE Future 06-09 a public voice for the profession. It also carbon infrastructure and waste resource has charitable status under UK law. rolE oF thE UK govErNments management. In June 2010 we also issued and RegulAtors 10-11 an overall assessment of UK infrastructure. Previous editions are available at InfrAstruCturE www.ice.org.uk/stateofthenation. and INvEstment 12-13 The aim of the State of the Nation report Demand ManagEment 14-15 is to stimulate debate in society, influence WAtEr and Its governments’ policies and highlight the INtErdEpendencies 16-17 actions that we believe are needed to improve CoNCLUSIoNS 18 the state of the nation’s infrastructure and associated services. This report has been ACkNoWlEdgEments 19 compiled through a process similar to that of a select committee enquiry, with a wide range of stakeholders providing verbal and written evidence. The material was then reviewed in the light of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affair’s (Defra) Water for Life1 report, the Environment Agency’s (EA) The Case for Change2 report and the Scottish Government’s Hydro Nation3 consultation. 1. Defra 2011 Water for Life http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm82/8230/8230.pdf 2. EA 2011 The case for change – current and future water availability http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/PDF/GEHO1111BVEP-E-E.pdf 3. The Scottish Government 2012 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0038/00386783.pdf WElCOME TO THE STAtE oF THE NAtIoN rEPORT oN WAtEr The challenges As engineers and water professionals we seek Water has been described facing the to manage water effectively as part of our as “the bloodstream management of everyday working lives; as a Learned Society ICE water resources, must pass on our knowledge and persevere in 4 of the biosphere”. and particularly our attempts to provide leadership. We must the looming also engage with the extensive and growing It is a vital and precious imbalance between group of stakeholders involved in water demand and resource management. The interdependencies resource which the supply have been of water, energy, food and the environment developed world too brought to centre stage in 2012, as a have long been evident and it is time for us as sustained drought has affected more and professionals and government as policy-makers, often takes for granted. more of the UK. Whilst it should not take to establish a strategy that recognises this. such unusual events to raise water security up Ultimately, it is UK policy-makers and decision- the social and political agenda, the current makers who must set the legislative agenda circumstances provide an opportunity for for innovative and effective approaches to those involved in the water community to water resource management, which this engage with all stakeholders, including the report aims to identify. However, it is crucial public, business and farmers, as well as all that the whole of society is also involved. To UK governments, on this important issue. appreciate the value of water citizens must The UK and Scottish governments have set be encouraged and empowered to play out the challenges and outlined aspirational their part in managing this most precious plans in documents including Water for Life resource proactively and conscientiously. steering group: and the Hydro Nation consultation, respectively. Michael Norton (Chair), AMEC I would like to thank all the contributors to Highlighting the water security challenges Matt Crabtree, Costain, the inquiry, particularly the steering group, facing the UK is important; however, there is Roger Falconer, Cardiff University who dedicated their time and provided need for a long-term and coherent strategic Colin Fenn, Hydrologic their expertise so freely, and the Institution’s roadmap implemented by legislation and Services Ltd & CIWEM internal project group, who managed the regulation. This roadmap would include a Paul Jeffrey, Cranfield University process and produced the final report. sequence of clear steps that enable us to Adrian Johnson, MWH Global deal effectively with the critical issue of Phill Mills, Policy Consulting Network balancing supply and demand under the Robert Weeden, South East Water rising challenges of population growth, climate change and economic uncertainty. RichArd CoacklEy, prEsIdent, INstItutIoN oF CIvIl ENgineers 4. Malin Falkenmark & Johan Rockstrom July 2004 Balancing Water for Humans and Nature: The New Approach in Ecohydrology p.3 THE STATE WAtEr OF THE NATION 02+03 ExecutIvE summAry Water scarcity is upon us. The 2012 drought The way the public in the UK perceives and The current drought is due to a sequence of low across much of England has brought this values water must also be urgently addressed. rainfall across two winters and the intervening reality into focus; but the future of chronic Water is relatively inexpensive in relation to other spring and summer. Although there is no shortage has long been evident. Demand household costs, yet it is vital to human health panacea, there are measures that can be taken increases from population growth and supply and well being. Unlike other services provided by to help deal with the current stresses. Using uncertainty caused by climate change will lead utilities it is not subject to volatile price changes. water wisely and providing a framework for to a growing gap between demand and supply. This has led to water being taken for granted. stronger collaboration among water companies It is now urgent that a long-term and strategic Whilst it is important that water remains available and other water users can be achieved relatively roadmap to water security is drawn up and to all at a reasonable price, the vast benefits quickly using regulatory and legislative levers. that resources are mobilised to implement it. society gains from it must not be undervalued. If plans are not urgently put in place for The variations in temporal and spatial ICE believes that it is time for the development of the UK’s long-term water security then precipitation mean that, increasingly, water a coherent and coordinated strategic roadmap, the economic, social and environmental will not always be available where and which integrates demand and supply measures consequences will worsen. As we move into when we require it. As climate change to ensure our water security. In order to do this, the next decade and beyond the pressures exacerbates this situation, rainfall will ICE recommends that the UK governments5 from climate change and population growth intensify, summer temperatures will rise establish a UK Water Security Task Force to will make the equitable distribution of water and summer precipitation will become less provide leadership on the UK’s long-term to all users far more difficult to achieve. frequent. An appropriate mix of demand water needs by addressing three key issues: and supply side measures will be required in ■ Establishing how much water we order to manage these future challenges. currently have and how existing resources can be better used and shared ■ Incentivise behaviour change to reduce water demand and consumption ■ Developing new resources in a sustainable and cost effective way FIgurE 1: WAtEr sECURITY STRAtEGY outComEs, ENAblErs ANd prEssurEs – WhErE ArE WE NoW? Secure OUTCOMEs ENABLERS PRESSUREs 10 Improved water security Leadership Climate change – temporal and spatial variations 9 Supply meets demand Water resource management roadmap Rising energy prices 8 Interdependent and resilient water resource management Reduce Leakage Demand from agriculture 7 Minimised global water Universal metering Demographic and lifestyle change and carbon footprints 6 Catchment-based management Stringent environmental targets Water valued appropriately 5 Inter-connectivity of water companies Affordability 4 todAy’s watEr securIty Investment in new resources and Ageing infrastructure optimised existing systems 3 Water wastage Supply-demand deficit Improved skills and capacity 2 Unmanaged competition Public awareness campaign State of UK water resource management 1 between water users Recurrent drought causes regular 0 loss of service and damage Insecure to environment 5. By UK governments, ICE means the Westminster government, the Scottish government, the Welsh government and the Northern Irish Assembly. THE STAtE oF THE NAtIoN: ICE’s main recommendAtIoNs The UK has a looming and significant challenge to its water security. As a matter of urgency ICE recommends that leadership is established to deliver a strategic, coherent and integrated roadmap to water security. ICE recommends that: 1: 2: 3: govErNment should EstAblIsh thE Importance oF New sustainablE
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