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04. Ecological Relationships Lesson #3: CLARK THE
Ecological Relationships Lesson #3: CLARK THE NUTCRACKER SOverviewTORY: This introduces the art of creating a species account. The account identifies the important qualities of a species through a scientific drawing. This then leads to exploration of the interrelationship of the Clark’s Nutcracker (a type of woodpecker) and the whitebark pine. Learner Outcomes Getting Ready Youth will: Materials: Youth need journals and writing utensils; staff need 1. Know how to complete a species account colored pencils, poker chips, and handouts. identifying the important species Preparation: For the “Made for Each Other” activity, set up the characteristics through a scientific whitebark pine food sources in 4 piles of poker chips and spread drawing. them out in the center of the area. The three cache sites should 2. Know the life history of the Clark’s not be more than seven feet apart and should be on the outside Nutcracker. circle of the food source. Assign cache sites to each group. Use 3. Understand mutualism in the ecological different objects to mark the cache sites. context of Yellowstone National Park. Location: A large area (25 x 25 yards) would be preferable for 4. Know how to define whitebark pine the “Made for Each Other” activity. An ideal location would ecosystem functions. have whitebark pines and/or Clark’s Nutcracker activity. Background The following material is not required to instruct this lesson. Adapted from Yellowstone Resources and Issues Handbook: 2013. Forest Insect Pest The conifer trees of Yellowstone face many threats, however the most damaging one is the native pine bark beetle. It is indicated that this species has been around for centuries. -
There's No Place Like Home
United States Department of Agriculture There’s No Place Like Home: D E E Forest Service P R A R U TM U LT ENT OF AGRIC Pacific Northwest Region Clark’s Nutcracker Home Ranges and 2011 Whitebark Pine Regeneration FOR CLARK’S nutcrackers, “home” is a year-round hub. What do we mean by “space use” and “home range”? Although nutcrackers show tenacious fidelity to home ranges in winter, spring, and summer, they spend every “Space use” describes how animals use a landscape. The term autumn traveling around to harvest seeds. Nearly all seeds is most commonly used to discuss home range characteristics are transported back home for storage, a process that has and the selection of resources (habitats, food items, roost sites) vast implications for forest regeneration. within home ranges. In our study, we used the term “home range” to describe the BACKGROUND area used by a resident nutcracker for all year-round activities We investigated habitat use, caching behavior, and except seed harvest. This is because areas used for seed harvest migratory patterns in Clark’s nutcrackers in the Pacific in autumn were ever-changing and temporary—birds showed Northwest using radio telemetry. Over 4 years (2006– no fidelity to forests used for seed harvest, but rather used these 2009), we captured 54 adult nutcrackers at 10 sites in the forests only as long as seeds were present on trees. Cascade and Olympic Mountains in Washington State. What do we know about nutcracker space use? We fitted nutcrackers with a back-pack style harness. The battery life on the radio tags was 450 days, and Vander Wall and Balda (1977) and Tomback (1978) were the we tracked nutcrackers year-round, on foot (to obtain first to report that nutcrackers harvest large-seeded pines in behavior observations) and via aircraft (to obtain point autumn and often range over large areas and multiple elevation locations). -
The Itinerary
Itinerary for Birding Formosa October 24 - Nov. 2, 2015 *Bold for endemics Day Date/Meals Due to Dateline - Flights from SFO depart on Oct. 22 to arrive TPE on Oct. 23 0 Oct. 23/Fri. Arriving Taoyuan International Airport (TPE) -Air fare not included -/-/- Taking Hotel's shuttle bus from terminal 1/2 to the hotel and checking in by yourselves (early check-in charge may apply if checking in before 3:00p.m.) Overnight: Hotel near Taipei Taoyuan Airport (not included in base cost) Breakfast and trip inception at Novotel 1 Oct. 24/Sat. Bird watching in Taipei Botanic Garden -/L/D Looking for Black-browed Barbet , Malayan Night-heron, Japanese White-eye, Gray Treepie, Black-napped Blue Monarch Transferring to Hualian(4 hours) Overnight: Hualian 2 Oct. 25/Sun. Bird watching in Hualien & Taroko National Park (2000+ m/6600+ ft) B/L/D Looking for Styan’s Bulbul, Taiwan Whistling Thrush Transferring to Cingjing(4 hours) Overnight: Cingjing 3 Oct. 26/Mon. Bird watching in Mt. Hehuan Route (3000+ m/9900+ ft) B/L/D Looking for White-whiskered Laughingthrush, Flamecrest, Collared Bush-Robin, Alpine Accentor, Vinaceous Rosefinch, Coal Tit, Winter Wren, Taiwan Fulvetta Transferring to Huisun(1.5 hours) Overnight: Huisun 4 Oct. 27/Tue. Bird watching in Huisun (1000 m/3300 ft) B/L/D Looking for White-eared Sibia, Taiwan Yuhina, Yellow Tit, Fire-breasted Flowerpeckers, Formosan Magpie, Taiwan Barbet , Gray-cheeked Fulvetta, Chinese Bamboo Partridge, Malayan Night Heron Transferring to Alishan(3+ hours) Overnight: Alishan 5 Oct. 28/Wed. Bird watching in Alishan (2000+ m/6600+ ft) and Tataka, Yushan (2600m/8600 ft) B/L/D Looking for Collared Bush Robin, Taiwan Yuhina, Yellow Tit , Rufouscrowned Laughingthrush, Taiwan Wren-Babbler , Coal Tit, Green-backed Tit, Black-throated Tit, Flamecrest, Mikado Pheasant, Steere’s Liocichla , Taiwan Bush Warbler, Rusty Laughingthrush Transferring to Tainan(2.5 hours) Overnight: Tainan 6 Oct. -
The Perplexing Pinyon Jay
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences Papers in the Biological Sciences 1998 The Ecology and Evolution of Spatial Memory in Corvids of the Southwestern USA: The Perplexing Pinyon Jay Russell P. Balda Northern Arizona University,, [email protected] Alan Kamil University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibehavior Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Balda, Russell P. and Kamil, Alan, "The Ecology and Evolution of Spatial Memory in Corvids of the Southwestern USA: The Perplexing Pinyon Jay" (1998). Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences. 17. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscibehavior/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Behavior and Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published (as Chapter 2) in Animal Cognition in Nature: The Convergence of Psychology and Biology in Laboratory and Field, edited by Russell P. Balda, Irene M. Pepperberg, and Alan C. Kamil, San Diego (Academic Press, 1998), pp. 29–64. Copyright © 1998 by Academic Press. Used by permission. The Ecology and Evolution of Spatial Memory in Corvids of the Southwestern USA: The Perplexing Pinyon Jay Russell P. Balda 1 and Alan C. Kamil 2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Northern -
Walker Marzluff 2017 Recreation Changes Lanscape Use of Corvids
Recreation changes the use of a wild landscape by corvids Author(s): Lauren E. Walker and John M. Marzluff Source: The Condor, 117(2):262-283. Published By: Cooper Ornithological Society https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-14-169.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1650/CONDOR-14-169.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Volume 117, 2015, pp. 262–283 DOI: 10.1650/CONDOR-14-169.1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Recreation changes the use of a wild landscape by corvids Lauren E. Walker* and John M. Marzluff College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA * Corresponding author: [email protected] Submitted October 24, 2014; Accepted February 13, 2015; Published May 6, 2015 ABSTRACT As urban areas have grown in population, use of nearby natural areas for outdoor recreation has also increased, potentially influencing bird distribution in landscapes managed for conservation. -
Records of Four Critically Endangered Songbirds in the Markets of Java Suggest Domestic Trade Is a Major Impediment to Their Conservation
20 BirdingASIA 27 (2017): 20–25 CONSERVATION ALERT Records of four Critically Endangered songbirds in the markets of Java suggest domestic trade is a major impediment to their conservation VINCENT NIJMAN, SUCI LISTINA SARI, PENTHAI SIRIWAT, MARIE SIGAUD & K. ANNEISOLA NEKARIS Introduction 1.2 million wild-caught birds (the vast majority Bird-keeping is a popular pastime in Indonesia, and of them songbirds) were sold in the Java and Bali nowhere more so than amongst the people of Java. markets each year. Taking a different approach, It has deep cultural roots, and traditionally a kukilo Jepson & Ladle (2005) made use of a survey of (bird in the Javanese language) was one of the five randomly selected households in the Javan cities things a Javanese man should pursue or obtain in of Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang and Surabaya, order to live a fulfilling life (the others being garwo, and Medan in Sumatra, which together make up a wife, curigo, a Javanese dagger, wismo, a house or a quarter of the urban Indonesian population, to a place to live, and turonggo, a horse, as a means estimate that between 600,000 and 760,000 wild- of transportation). A kukilo represents having a caught native songbirds were acquired each year. hobby, and it often takes the form of owning a Extrapolating this to the urban population of Java, perkutut (Zebra Dove Geopelia striata) or a kutilang which amounts to 60% of Indonesia’s total, it (Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster) but suggests that a total of 1.4–1.8 million wild-caught also a wide range of other birds (Nash 1993, Chng native songbirds were acquired. -
Best of the Baltic - Bird List - July 2019 Note: *Species Are Listed in Order of First Seeing Them ** H = Heard Only
Best of the Baltic - Bird List - July 2019 Note: *Species are listed in order of first seeing them ** H = Heard Only July 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th Mute Swan Cygnus olor X X X X X X X X Whopper Swan Cygnus cygnus X X X X Greylag Goose Anser anser X X X X X Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis X X X Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula X X X X Common Eider Somateria mollissima X X X X X X X X Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula X X X X X X Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator X X X X X Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo X X X X X X X X X X Grey Heron Ardea cinerea X X X X X X X X X Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus X X X X White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla X X X X Eurasian Coot Fulica atra X X X X X X X X Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus X X X X X X X Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus X X X X X X X X X X X X European Herring Gull Larus argentatus X X X X X X X X X X X X Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus X X X X X X X X X X X X Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus X X X X X X X X X X X X Common/Mew Gull Larus canus X X X X X X X X X X X X Common Tern Sterna hirundo X X X X X X X X X X X X Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea X X X X X X X Feral Pigeon ( Rock) Columba livia X X X X X X X X X X X X Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus X X X X X X X X X X X Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto X X X Common Swift Apus apus X X X X X X X X X X X X Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica X X X X X X X X X X X Common House Martin Delichon urbicum X X X X X X X X White Wagtail Motacilla alba X X -
Magnificent Magpie Colours by Feathers with Layers of Hollow Melanosomes Doekele G
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174656. doi:10.1242/jeb.174656 RESEARCH ARTICLE Magnificent magpie colours by feathers with layers of hollow melanosomes Doekele G. Stavenga1,*, Hein L. Leertouwer1 and Bodo D. Wilts2 ABSTRACT absorption coefficient throughout the visible wavelength range, The blue secondary and purple-to-green tail feathers of magpies are resulting in a higher refractive index (RI) than that of the structurally coloured owing to stacks of hollow, air-containing surrounding keratin. By arranging melanosomes in the feather melanosomes embedded in the keratin matrix of the barbules. barbules in more or less regular patterns with nanosized dimensions, We investigated the spectral and spatial reflection characteristics of vivid iridescent colours are created due to constructive interference the feathers by applying (micro)spectrophotometry and imaging in a restricted wavelength range (Durrer, 1977; Prum, 2006). scatterometry. To interpret the spectral data, we performed optical The melanosomes come in many different shapes and forms, and modelling, applying the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method their spatial arrangement is similarly diverse (Prum, 2006). This has as well as an effective media approach, treating the melanosome been shown in impressive detail by Durrer (1977), who performed stacks as multi-layers with effective refractive indices dependent on extensive transmission electron microscopy of the feather barbules the component media. The differently coloured magpie feathers are of numerous bird species. He interpreted the observed structural realised by adjusting the melanosome size, with the diameter of the colours to be created by regularly ordered melanosome stacks acting melanosomes as well as their hollowness being the most sensitive as optical multi-layers. -
Individual Repeatability, Species Differences, and The
Supplementary Materials: Individual repeatability, species differences, and the influence of socio-ecological factors on neophobia in 10 corvid species SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 2 Figure S1 . Latency to touch familiar food in each round, across all conditions and species. Round 3 differs from round 1 and 2, while round 1 and 2 do not differ from each other. Points represent individuals, lines represent median. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 3 Figure S2 . Site effect on latency to touch familiar food in azure-winged magpie, carrion crow and pinyon jay. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 4 Table S1 Pairwise comparisons of latency data between species Estimate Standard error z p-value Blue jay - Azure-winged magpie 0.491 0.209 2.351 0.019 Carrion crow - Azure-winged magpie -0.496 0.177 -2.811 0.005 Clark’s nutcracker - Azure-winged magpie 0.518 0.203 2.558 0.011 Common raven - Azure-winged magpie -0.437 0.183 -2.392 0.017 Eurasian jay - Azure-winged magpie 0.284 0.166 1.710 0.087 ’Alal¯a- Azure-winged magpie 0.416 0.144 2.891 0.004 Large-billed crow - Azure-winged magpie 0.668 0.189 3.540 0.000 New Caledonian crow - Azure-winged magpie -0.316 0.209 -1.513 0.130 Pinyon jay - Azure-winged magpie 0.118 0.170 0.693 0.488 Carrion crow - Blue jay -0.988 0.199 -4.959 0.000 Clark’s nutcracker - Blue jay 0.027 0.223 0.122 0.903 Common raven - Blue jay -0.929 0.205 -4.537 0.000 Eurasian jay - Blue jay -0.207 0.190 -1.091 0.275 ’Alal¯a- Blue jay -0.076 0.171 -0.443 0.658 Large-billed crow - Blue jay 0.177 0.210 0.843 0.399 New Caledonian crow - Blue jay -0.808 0.228 -3.536 -
Reconstructing the Geographic Origin of the New World Jays
Neotropical Biodiversity ISSN: (Print) 2376-6808 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tneo20 Reconstructing the geographic origin of the New World jays Sumudu W. Fernando, A. Townsend Peterson & Shou-Hsien Li To cite this article: Sumudu W. Fernando, A. Townsend Peterson & Shou-Hsien Li (2017) Reconstructing the geographic origin of the New World jays, Neotropical Biodiversity, 3:1, 80-92, DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2017.1296751 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1296751 © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 05 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 956 View Crossmark data Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tneo20 Neotropical Biodiversity, 2017 Vol. 3, No. 1, 80–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1296751 Reconstructing the geographic origin of the New World jays Sumudu W. Fernandoa* , A. Townsend Petersona and Shou-Hsien Lib aBiodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; bDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan (Received 23 August 2016; accepted 15 February 2017) We conducted a biogeographic analysis based on a dense phylogenetic hypothesis for the early branches of corvids, to assess geographic origin of the New World jay (NWJ) clade. We produced a multilocus phylogeny from sequences of three nuclear introns and three mitochondrial genes and included at least one species from each NWJ genus and 29 species representing the rest of the five corvid subfamilies in the analysis. -
Zoologische Verhandelingen
Systematic notes on Asian birds. 45. Types of the Corvidae E.C. Dickinson, R.W.R.J. Dekker, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta With contributions by M. Kalyakin, V. Loskot, H. Morioka, C. Violani, C. Voisin & J-F. Voisin Dickinson, E.C., R.W.R.J. Dekker, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 45. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350, 26.xi.2004: 111-148.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-95-8. Edward C. Dickinson, c/o The Trust for Oriental Ornithology, Flat 3, Bolsover Court, 19 Bolsover Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7JG, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]). René W.R.J. Dekker, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]). Siegfried Eck, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, A.B. Meyer Bau, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]. sachsen.de). Soekarja Somadikarta, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Indonesia, Depok Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia (e-mail: [email protected]). Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bol’shaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, Moscow, 103009, Russia (e-mail: [email protected]). Vladimir M. Loskot, Department of Ornithology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia (e-mail: [email protected]). Hiroyuki Morioka, Curator Emeritus, National Science Museum, Hyakunin-cho 3-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Carlo Violani, Department of Biology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (e-mail: [email protected]). -
Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga Columbiana)
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THREE HIGH LATITUDE RESIDENT CORVIDS: CLARK’S NUTCRACKER (NUCIFRAGA COLUMBIANA), EURASIAN NUTCRACKER (NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES), AND GRAY JAY (PERISOREUS CANADENSIS) KIMBERLY MARGARET DOHMS Bachelor of Science Honours, University of Regina, 2001 Masters of Science, University of Regina, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Kimberly M. Dohms, 2016 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THREE HIGH LATITUDE RESIDENT CORVIDS: CLARK’S NUTCRACKER (NUCIFRAGA COLUMBIANA), EURASIAN NUTCRACKER (NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES), AND GRAY JAY (PERISOREUS CANADENSIS) KIMBERLY MARGARET DOHMS Date of Defense: November 30, 2015 Dr. T. Burg Associate Professor Ph.D Supervisor Dr. A. Iwaniuk Associate Professor Ph.D Thesis Examination Committee Member Dr. C. Goater Professor Ph.D Thesis Examination Committee Member Dr. D. Logue Assistant Professor Ph.D Internal Examiner Dr. K. Omland Professor Ph.D External Examiner University of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore, Maryland Dr. J. Thomas Professor Ph.D Chair, Thesis Examination Committee DEDICATION For the owl and the pussy cat. (And also the centipede.) iii GENERAL ABSTRACT High latitude resident bird species provide an unique opportunity to investigate patterns of postglacial and barrier-mediated dispersal. In this study, multiple genetic markers were used to understand postglacial colonization by and contemporary barriers to gene flow in three corvids. Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), Eurasian nutcracker (N. caryocatactes), and gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis) are year-round resident northern hemisphere passerines with ranges encompassing previously glaciated and unglaciated regions and potential barriers to dispersal (e.g.