ABSTRACTS from the 2010 PACIFIC BRANCH ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETING APRIL 11-14, 2010 BOISE, IDAHO, U.S.A. CONTACTS: Douglas B. Walsh, 2009-2010 PBESA Branch President [email protected] Sally D. O’Neal, 2010 PBESA Meeting Program Chair [email protected] PACIFIC BRANCH ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010 MEETING ABSTRACTS PAGE 1 of 117 SECTION I: PAPER PRESENTATIONS SYMPOSIUM: SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA IN THE PACIFIC STATES 1 INSECTICIDE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA ON SMALL FRUITS IN WASHINGTON Lynell Tanigoshi1 and Doug Walsh2 Department of Entomology 1Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center Mount Vernon, WA 982273 2Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center Prosser, WA 98350 Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (SWD) is a direct pest of maturing small fruits in the Pacific Northwest. The presence of SWD larvae in the fruit accelerates softening and promotes premature fruit rot, rendering machine harvesting impossible for fragile fruits. Processors will reject maggot infested juice grapes, caneberries and blueberries. Consumer appeal towards other fruits including caneberries, blueberries, and cherries will be reduced if fruit is maggot infested. Wine grape quality may suffer from infestation and wine makers will react negatively. Chemical controls for SWD in Washington State cropping systems are in development due to the recent invasion of the pest in late season 2009. It was detected in strawberry and red raspberry in mid- August at the WSU Puyallup REC and since that time, found infesting blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, strawberry and wild blackberry in northwestern Washington. With a rapid generation time, a lengthy list of alternative host fruits, and the fruiting season falling well within the anticipated active period of D. suzukii, Pacific Northwest small fruit growers could experience widespread reduction in yield by this potential key pest in 2010. The $210 million dollar small fruit industry in the Pacific Northwest could suffer devastating losses in the coming 2010 season without early intervention. How well SWD will persist in the hotter drier climates of Eastern Washington is as of yet undetermined. At risk are the $300 million cherry, $51 million juice grape, and $150 million wine grape crops. A list of effective chemicals, including new chemistries and rotation partners addressing insect resistance management and pollinator conservation, is necessary for the upcoming 2010 season in order to prevent economic losses by these industries. Extension research on first appearance, phenology between fruit ripeness and SWD oviposition and the bloom period will provide the impacted industries of Washington optimum timing for cover sprays. We will report on contact and residual efficacy of labeled compounds on red raspberry, blueberry and strawberry to adult SWD and determine rotational partners to minimize IRM while providing coverage on these fruits during their respective maturation and harvest periods. PACIFIC BRANCH ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010 MEETING ABSTRACTS PAGE 2 of 117 2 DROSOPHILA SUZUKII: IN-LAB OVERWINTERING DATA AND REAL-TIME AREA-WIDE MANAGEMENT TOOLS Vaughn M. Walton1, Daniel T. Dalton1, Wei Yang2, Tom Peerbolt3 1Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 Ag and Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 2North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, 15210 Miley Rd., Aurora, OR 97002 3Peerbolt Incorporated, 5261 N. Princeton St, Portland, OR 97203-5263 Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is a recently identified invasive pest in Pacific United States and Western Canada with the first recordings made in California during 2008. Subsequent recordings were made on a widespread basis in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia during 2009. This pest attacks a wide range of small and stone fruits and damage has resulted in significant financial losses during 2008 and 2009. Understanding the success of overwintering rates and temperature tolerance limits for local strains of SWD need to be evaluated. These data, together with data on developmental parameters, will be used to develop and validate a degree-day model for SWD, which is needed to time prescribed management options. In the present study, adults and pupae were first acclimated to 10°C and then subjected to five temperature regimes: 1°C, 3°C, 5°C, 7°C, and 10°C, and 8:16h, L:D for 42 days. Following 19 days of low temperature, a subset of individuals from each temperature regime was selected and subjected to -5°C for one week. Freeze-treated insects were replaced at their respective temperature treatments for 16 days. A mild 42-day period was then provided to represent early spring conditions (10°C at 12:12h, L:D). Insect survival rates will be discussed. In order to have a comprehensive picture of SWD infestation levels in specific locations, field scouts in all regions will enter data using a protocol designed by OSU and private consulting personnel. An online-available database will allow researchers, cooperating personnel and growers to view field-specific data for different regions and time periods. The database will provide area-specific information for control measures in order to minimize the pool of SWD that may infect adjacent production areas. These databases and their use will be discussed. PACIFIC BRANCH ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010 MEETING ABSTRACTS PAGE 3 of 117 3 ON-THE-FLY APPROACHES TO TACKLING D. SUZUKII Amy J. Dreves Oregon State University, Crop and Soil Science Department 3017 ALS Bldg., Corvallis, OR 97331 [email protected]; office (541) 737-5576 Infestations of the Spotted Wing Drosophila fly, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae; SWD), an exotic and invasive pest, were found in Oregon fruits in late fall 2009. These flies are native to SE Asia --China, Japan, Thailand, and Korea. The SWD can infest and has caused a great deal of damage to ripening to ripe fruit in its first year of discovery (20-80% loss). We have confirmed findings of SWD in 15 Oregon counties and over 15 fruits including, but not limited to, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, Asian pears, cherries, peaches, plum, fig, and grape. Oregon's Willamette Valley peach growers were also affected during late summer after SWD was found in August, 2009; losses ranged from 20-80% in some fruits. Crop losses from 20-40% were seen in Oregon’s late season blueberries and raspberries. There is concern about SWD spread as the sheer variety of fruit crops and ornamental and native plant species with fruit that ripen at different times throughout the year may exacerbate persistence throughout the west coast. Thus, as the season progresses SWD densities may increase and disperse among numerous cropping systems, urban/rural habitats, and wildland plant communities (e.g., wild blackberries). The biggest concern expressed by growers is not having a solid plan for SWD control for the upcoming 2010 season. Presently, there are no established management guidelines for this new pest in Oregon. A team of Oregon, California, Washington, and Canadian researchers is addressing questions of overwintering capability, spring emergence, timing of oviposition, fruit preference and susceptibility to better understand SWD phenology and effectively control SWD. Our ‘best guesses’ at identifying a management strategy and control recommendations for 2010 are being developed as questions are being answered, including seasonal monitoring, damage assessment methods, biological control, mass trapping, effective chemical pesticides, and sanitation techniques for conventional, IPM, and organic fruit systems. We will also present data on overwintering and timing of oviposition in the field. Our preliminary observations indicate that larvae, pupae and adults can survive fluctuating winter temperatures in Oregon. Extension activities are in place to provide a network of outreach programs including backyard participation, laminated educational cards and ID mounts, SWD newsletter, demonstration tours, You-Tube videos, and training workshops. PACIFIC BRANCH ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010 MEETING ABSTRACTS PAGE 4 of 117 4 LABORATORY DATA ON SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA OVIPOSITION, OLFACTION, AND CONTROL Denny J. Bruck and Jana Lee USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis OR, 97330, (541) 738-4026, [email protected] The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a serious threat to small fruit production all along the west coast of the United States. The objectives of our research efforts are to begin to understand the biology of this insect in our region and develop IPM programs for its effective control. Laboratory studies were initiated in the fall of 2009 to determine the oviposition potential, olfactory cues, and control with pesticides currently registered for use on small fruit crops. Females are being monitored for ovipoisition daily on artificial diet over their lifespan. Olfactory response to commercially available semiochemicals is being screened in a four-arm olfactometer. Several pesticides applied directly to adult flies in the laboratory provided 100% control within 24hrs. The residual activity of the most efficacious products will be determined in the laboratory at 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after application. 5 SPOTTED WING DROSOPHILA: POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A NEWLY ESTABLISHED PEST Mark P. Bolda1, Rachael E. Goodhue2 and Frank G. Zalom3 1UCCE,