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Biological-Control-Programmes-In Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001–2012 This page intentionally left blank Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001–2012 Edited by P.G. Mason1 and D.R. Gillespie2 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada iii CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI Head Offi ce CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 T: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 T: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org Chapters 1–4, 6–11, 15–17, 19, 21, 23, 25–28, 30–32, 34–36, 39–42, 44, 46–48, 52–56, 60–61, 64–71 © Crown Copyright 2013. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery. Remaining chapters © CAB International 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electroni- cally, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Biological control programmes in Canada, 2001-2012 / [edited by] P.G. Mason and D.R. Gillespie. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-78064-257-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests--Biological control--Canada. 2. Weeds--Biological con- trol--Canada. 3. Phytopathogenic microorganisms--Biological control- -Canada. 4. Biological pest control agents--Canada. I. Mason, P. G. (Peter G.) II. Gillespie, David Roy. SB933.32.C2B57 2013 632’.7--dc23 2013002768 ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 257 4 Commissioning editor: Rachel Cutts Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury Production editor: Shankari Wilford Typeset by Columns Design XML Limited, Reading Printed and bound in the UK by CPi Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Contents Contributors xi Foreword xix Preface xxiii Acknowledgements xxv 1 Regulation of Biological Control in Canada 1 Peter G. Mason, J. Todd Kabaluk, Brian Spencer and David R. Gillespie 2 Access and Benefi t Sharing and Biological Control 6 Peter G. Mason and Jacques Brodeur 3 Climate Change and Biological Control in Canada 12 David R. Gillespie, Owen O. Olfert and Matthew J.W. Cock 4 New Tools in Biological Control: Molecular Markers and Mathematical Models 22 Tara D. Gariepy and Bernie D. Roitberg 5 A Novel Approach for Developing Microbial Biopesticides 37 Susan M. Boyetchko and Antonet M. Svircev 6 Reproductive Parasites: Symbiotic Bacteria for Potential Use in Biological Control 43 Kevin D. Floate and George K. Kyei-Poku 7 Acantholyda erythrocephala L., Pine False Webworm (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) 54 D. Barry Lyons 8 Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller), Leek Moth (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) 56 Peter G. Mason, Wade H. Jenner, Andrea Brauner, Ulrich Kuhlmann and Naomi Cappuccino 9 Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) 62 D. Barry Lyons 10 Agriotes spp. L., Wireworms and Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) 72 Todd Kabaluk, Alida Janmaat, Claudia Sheedy, Mark Goettel and Christine Noronha v vi Contents 11 Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 82 Jean J. Turgeon and Michael T. Smith 12 Aphis glycines Matsumura, Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 93 Jacques Brodeur 13 Aphis gossypii Glover, Melon/Cotton Aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), Foxglove Aphid, and Other Arthropod Pests in Greenhouse Crops 98 Rosemarije Buitenhuis, Graeme Murphy and Les Shipp 14 Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), Tomato/Potato Psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) 107 Robert R. McGregor 15 Cephus cinctus Norton, Wheat Stem Sawfl y (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) 112 Héctor Cárcamo and Brian Beres 16 Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), Cabbage Seedpod Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 119 Tim Haye, Peter G. Mason, Lloyd M. Dosdall, Dave R. Gillespie, Gary A.P. Gibson and Ulrich Kuhlmann 17 Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 130 Joan Cossentine, Charles Vincent, Mike Smirle and Jean-Charles Côté 18 Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer, Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) 134 Paul K. Abram, Guy Boivin, Tim Haye and Peter G. Mason 19 Cydia pomonella (L.), Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 139 Joan Cossentine and Charles Vincent 20 Delia radicum (L.), Cabbage Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) 142 Neil J. Holliday, Lars D. Andreassen, Peggy L. Dixon and Ulrich Kuhlmann 21 Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) 152 Howard M.A. Thistlewood, Gary A.P. Gibson, David R. Gillespie and Sheila M. Fitzpatrick 22 Enarmonia formosana Scopoli, Cherry Bark Tortrix (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 156 Wade H. Jenner, Emma J. Jenner, Ulrich Kuhlmann, Andrew M. Bennett and Joan E. Cossentine 23 Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), Redbacked Cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), Darksided Cutworm, and Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), Army Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 164 John Gavloski and Vincent Hervet 24 Fenusa pumila Leach, Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Ambermarked Birch Leaf Miner (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) 175 Chris J.K MacQuarrie, David W. Langor, Scott C. Digweed and John R. Spence 25 Haematobia irritans L., Horn Fly, Musca domestica L., House Fly, and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) 182 Kevin D. Floate, Tim J. Lysyk and Gary A.P. Gibson 26 Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Multicolored Asian Ladybeetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) 192 Charles Vincent and Gary Pickering Contents vii 27 Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug), European Apple Sawfl y (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) 198 Charles Vincent, Dirk Babendreier, Ulrich Kuhlmann and Jacques Lasnier 28 Lambdina fi scellaria (Guenée), Hemlock Looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) 203 Christian Hébert and Jacques Brodeur 29 Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli), Lily Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 208 Naomi Cappuccino, Tim Haye, Lisa Tewksbury and Richard Casagrande 30 Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), Carrot Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 214 Guy Boivin 31 Lygus lineolaris (Palisot), Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) 221 A. Bruce Broadbent, Tim Haye, Tara D. Gariepy, Owen Olfert and Ulrich Kuhlmann 32 Mamestra confi gurata Walker, Bertha Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 228 Martin A. Erlandson 33 Oulema melanopus (L.), Cereal Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 233 Swaroop V. Kher, Lloyd M. Dosdall and Héctor Cárcamo 34 Panonychus ulmi (Koch) European Red Mite (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) 238 Howard M.A. Thistlewood, Noubar J. Bostanian and J. Michael Hardman 35 Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabricius), Spotted Tentiform Leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) 244 Charles Vincent, John T. Huber, Gary A.P. Gibson, and Henri Goulet 36 Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), Crucifer Flea Beetle and P. striolata (Fabricius), Striped Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 248 Juliana J. Soroka 37 Plutella xylostella (L.), Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) 256 Sadia Munir, Lloyd M. Dosdall, Juliana J. Soroka, Owen Olfert and Ruwandi Andrahennadi 38 Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) 263 Kathleen Ryan, Sandy M. Smith and Jean J. Turgeon 39 Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), Orange Wheat Blossom Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) 272 John F. Doane, Owen O. Olfert, Robert H. Elliott, Scott Hartley and Scott Meers 40 Sitona spp. Germar, Broad Nosed Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Héctor Cárcamo and Mehgan Vankosky 277 41 Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen), Apple Clearwing Moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) 285 Joan Cossentine, V. Marius Aurelian and Gary J.R. Judd 42 Trichoplusia ni Hübner, Cabbage Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 291 Martin A. Erlandson 43 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Common Ragweed (Asteraceae) 296 Alan K. Watson and Miron Teshler 44 Centaurea diffusa Lamarck, Diffuse Knapweed, and Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (S.G. Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek, Spotted Knapweed (Asteraceae) 302 Rob S. Bourchier and Brian H. Van Hezewijk viii Contents 45 Convolvulus arvensis L., Field Bindweed (Convolvulaceae) 307 Alec S. McClay and Rosemarie A. De Clerck-Floate 46 Cynoglossum offi cinale (L.), Houndstongue (Boraginaceae) 309 Rosemarie A. De Clerck-Floate 47 Euphorbia esula L., Leafy Spurge (Euphorbiaceae) 315 Rob S. Bourchier and Brian H. Van Hezewijk 48 Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene, Japanese Knotweed, Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene, Giant Knotweed, Fallopia × bohemica (Chrtek & Chrtková) J. P. Bailey, Bohemian Knotweed (Polygonaceae) 321 Rob S. Bourchier, Fritzi Grevstad and Richard Shaw 49 Galium spurium L., False Cleavers, and G. aparine L., Cleavers (Rubiaceae) 329 Alec S. McClay 50 Lepidium draba L., L. chalepense L., L. appelianum Al-Shehbaz, Hoary Cresses (Brassicaceae) 332 Hariet L. Hinz, Robert S. Bourchier and Mark Schwarzländer 51 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Oxeye Daisy (Asteraceae) 337 Alec S. McClay, Sonja Stutz and Urs Schaffner 52 Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller, Dalmatian Toadfl ax (Plantaginaceae) 342 Rosemarie A. De Clerck-Floate and Susan C. Turner 53 Linaria vulgaris Mill., Yellow Toadfl ax (Plantaginaceae) 354 Rosemarie A. De Clerck-Floate and Alec S. McClay 54 Lythrum salicaria L., Purple Loosestrife (Lythraceae) 363 Jim Corrigan, Dave R. Gillespie, Rosemarie De Clerck-Floate and Peter G. Mason 55 Malva pusilla Smith, Round-leaved Mallow (Malvaceae) 367 Paul D. Hildebrand, Cheryl Konoff and Klaus I.N. Jensen 56 Setaria viridis (L.)
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