Mccoy Tynerin Ja Joey Calderazzon Pianosoolojen Analysointi Kappaleesta Pursuance

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Mccoy Tynerin Ja Joey Calderazzon Pianosoolojen Analysointi Kappaleesta Pursuance McCoy Tynerin ja Joey Calderazzon pianosoolojen analysointi kappaleesta Pursuance Pop/jazzmusiikin koulutusohjelma Muusikon suntautumisvaihtoehto Opinnäytetyö 20.4.2009 Henrik Wirzenius Kulttuurialat TIIVISTELMÄSIVU Koulutusohjelma Suuntautumisvaihtoehto Pop/jazzmusiikin koulutusohjelma Pop/jazz –muusikon suuntautumisvaihtoehto Tekijä Wirzenius Henrik Työn nimi McCoy Tynerin ja Joey Calderazzon pianosoolojen analysointi kappaleesta Pursuance Työn ohjaaja/ohjaajat Jukka Väisänen & Mikael Jakobsson Työn laji Aika Numeroidut sivut + liitteiden sivut Opinnäytetyö 20.4.2009 26 + 3 TIIVISTELMÄ Opinnäytetyössäni tutkin ja analysoin pianistien McCoy Tynerin ja Joey Calderazzon improvisoituja pianosooloja John Coltranen kappaleessa Pursuance. McCoy Tynerin soolo on A Love Supreme - levyltä (John Coltrane) ja Joey Calderazzon soolo on Footsteps of Our Fathers -levyltä (Branford Marsalis). Tavoitteena on saada syvempi käsitys pianistien modaalisista soittotyyleistä, sekä tutkia mitä yhtäläisyyksiä ja eroavaisuuksia sooloissa ilmenee. Tutkimusmateriaalina käytän omia transkriptioita kyseisistä sooloista. Vaikka pelkän transkription kautta ei pysty saavuttamaan täydellistä ja kokonaisvaltaista kuvaa tutkittavasta kohteesta, olen kui- tenkin rajoittanut tutkimukseni käsittelemään pelkästään transkriptioiden luomaa nuottikuvaa pystyäk- seni pitämään mahdollisimman objektiivisen ja analyyttisen näkökulman tutkimukseeni. Tutkimuksesta huomaa että yleisellä tasolla Tyner ja Calderazzo käyttävät paljon samanlaisia ilmiöitä ja kuvioita sooloissaan. Molemmat pianistit rakentavat soolonsa varioiden mm. pitkillä modaalisilla 1/8-linjoilla, musiikillisilla motiiveilla ja out-soittamisella. Kuitenkin tarkempi analyysi osoittaa pieniä eroavaisuuksia heidän käyttämissään ilmiöissä ja kuvioissa, kuten fraasien yleiset lopetuspaikat, va- semman käden kvarttisointujen eroavaisuudet ja erilaisten toistuvien kuvioiden käyttö. Tutkimukseni antaa hyvän peruskäsityksen McCoy Tynerin ja Joey Calderazzon soittotyyleistä asiaan aiemmin perehtymättömille, mutta uskon myös että tutkimukseni voi antaa uutta informaatiota ja uusia näkökulmia asiaan jo perehtyneillekin. Teos/Esitys/Produktio Säilytyspaikka Stadian kulttuurialan kirjastopalvelut, Aralis -kirjastokeskus Avainsanat Jazz, Modaalinen jazz, McCoy Tyner, Joey Calderazzo, Pursuance Culture Degree Programme in Specialisation Pop/Jazz Music Music Performance Author Wirzenius Henrik Title Analysis of the Piano Solos of McCoy Tyner and Joey Calderazzo on the Tune “Pursuance” Tutor(s) Jukka Väisänen M.Mus. / Mikael Jakobsson M.Mus. Type of Work Date Number of pages + appendices Bachelor’s Thesis 2009, April 20 26 + 3 In my thesis I analyze the piano solos of McCoy Tyner and Joey Calderazzo on John Coltrane’s tune “Pursuance”. The solo of McCoy Tyner is from the album A Love Supreme (John Coltrane) and the solo of Joey Calderazzo is from the album Footsteps of Our Fathers (Branford Marsalis). My purpose is to get a deeper understanding of the pianists´ modal style, and examine the similarities and differences in the solos. Although it is not possible to achieve a complete and comprehensive perspective on the solos through transcription alone, I narrow my focus down to my own transcriptions of the solos in order to keep the perspective as objective and analytical as possible. My examinations reveal that on a general level Tyner and Calderazzo use a lot of the same features and patterns in their solos. Both pianists build their solos with a variety of long modal 1/8-note lines, musical motifs and out playing. However, more precise analysis reveals small differences in the features and patterns they use, such as the typical ending places of the phrases, the differences in the fourth chords in the left hand and the use of different recurrent patterns. To an uninitiated reader, the study gives a good basic understanding of the styles of McCoy Tyner and Joey Calderazzo. I also believe that those already familiar with the work of these musicians, will get some new information and perspectives on the subject. Work / Performance / Project Place of Storage Metropolia University of Applied Sciences /Metropolia Resource Library for Arts and Culture, Aralis Library and Information Centre Keywords Jazz, Modal Jazz, McCoy Tyner, Joey Calderazzo, “Pursuance” SISÄLLYS 1 Johdanto ...................................................................................................................3 1.1 Työn tavoitteet ......................................................................................................4 1.2 Tutkimusmenetelmät..............................................................................................4 1.3 Pursuance .............................................................................................................5 2 Elämänkerrat .............................................................................................................6 2.1 McCoy Tyner ........................................................................................................6 2.2 Joey Calderazzo ....................................................................................................7 3 Soolojen analyysi .......................................................................................................8 3.1 Fraasit ..................................................................................................................9 3.2 Musiikilliset motiivit ................................................................................................9 3.3 Vasen käsi........................................................................................................... 10 3.4 Melodisia ilmiöitä ................................................................................................. 13 3.5 Out-soittaminen................................................................................................... 16 3.6 Sointuchorukset................................................................................................... 21 4 Pohdinta.................................................................................................................. 23 Lähteet............................................................................................................................ 25 Liitteet............................................................................................................................. 26 3 1 Johdanto Opinnäytetyössäni analysoin kahden merkittävän jazzpianistin, McCoy Tynerin ja Joey Calderazzon, improvisoituja sooloja John Coltranen säveltämään kappaleeseen Pursuance. Tyner loi 1960-luvulla perustan nykyiselle modaaliselle1 soittotavalle jota monet myöhemmät pianistit ovat käyttäneet perustana luodessaan oman modaalisen soittotyylinsä. Calderazzo on yksi näistä pianisteista joiden soitossa kuulee vahvoja vaikutteita Tynerin soittotyylistä, kuulostamatta kuitenkaan imitaatiolta. Opinnäytetyöaihetta valitessa tulin johtopäätökseen, että mielekäs tutkimuksen kohde olisi saman viitekehyksen alla olevien soittotyylien yhtäläisyyksien ja eroavaisuuksien tutkiminen ja analysoiminen. Tähän kategoriaan sopivat Tynerin ja Calderazzon soittotyylien tutkiminen. Analyysin kohteeksi valitsin modaalisen molliblues2- kappaleen Pursuance, jonka alkuperäisversio löytyy John Coltranen legendaariselta A Love Supreme -levyltä (1964). Tynerin tutkimani soolo on kyseiseltä levyltä. Calderazzon tutkimani soolo on Branford Marsalis Quartetin levyltä Footsteps of Our Fathers (2002), jossa on kaikki A Love Supremessa ilmenevät kappaleet uudelleen tulkittuina. Levyjen välillä on miltei 40 vuotta joten historiallisessa perspektiivissa voisi tutkielmani mieltää osaksi laajempaa kokonaisuutta, joka ilmentäisi Tynerin luoman modaalisen soittotyylin kehitystä. Esimerkki 1: Bb-molliblues 1 Modaalisella soitolla tarkoitetaan sointujen sijasta johonkin moodiin (ns. kirkkosävellajiin) perustuvaa soittoa. (Tabell 2008, 18) 2 Mollibluesilla tarkoitetaan yleensä kappaletta, jolla on 12 tahdin rakenne, jonka soinnut on määritelty esimerkin 1 mukaisesti. 4 1.1 Työn tavoitteet Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli saada syvempi käsitys Tynerin ja Calderazzon soittotyyleistä itsessään, sekä löytää soittotyylien samankaltaisuuksia ja eroavaisuuksia. Koska itse pidän molempien pianistien soittotyylistä, halusin myös konkreettisella tasolla selvittää minkälaisia kuvioita ja ilmiöitä ilmenee sooloissa, sekä mihin kohtaa rakennetta ne ovat sijoitettu. Tätä informaatiota voisin myöhemmin prosessoida ja käyttää lähteenä halutessani kehittää omaa modaalista soittoani. Toivon että tästä työstä olisi hyötyä myös muille Tynerin ja Calderazzon soitosta kiinnostuneille, sekä mahdollisesti motivaatiota uusille tutkimuksille aiheeseen liittyen. 1.2 Tutkimusmenetelmät Tutkimusaineiston keräsin transkriboimalla molemmat Pursuance-kappaleen soolot. Vaikka transkribointi voi olla välillä kovin työlästä, koen sen yhdeksi tärkeimmistä jazz- musiikinopiskelijan oppimismetodeista. Vaikka on olemassa paljon valmiita transkriptioita, on opiskelijan hyvä tehdä omia transkriptioita sisäistäkseen kohteen paremmin. Transkriboimalla voi kehittää myös omaa musiikillista korvakuuloa, joka on jazzmuusikolle tärkeää. Kuitenkaan transkriptiolla ei voida saavuttaa täydellistä tulkintaa musiikista. Sillä voi vangita vain melodian, harmonian ja rytmisiä elementtejä (Perkiömäki 2003, 5). Esimerkiksi jazzmusiikin yksi olennaisimmista asioista, fraseeraus3, jää kokonaan transkription ulkopuolelle. Myös soittajien välinen interaktiivisuus on
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