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Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 a Study for the Library of Congress
1 Assessment of Options for Handling Full Unicode Character Encodings in MARC21 A Study for the Library of Congress Part 1: New Scripts Jack Cain Senior Consultant Trylus Computing, Toronto 1 Purpose This assessment intends to study the issues and make recommendations on the possible expansion of the character set repertoire for bibliographic records in MARC21 format. 1.1 “Encoding Scheme” vs. “Repertoire” An encoding scheme contains codes by which characters are represented in computer memory. These codes are organized according to a certain methodology called an encoding scheme. The list of all characters so encoded is referred to as the “repertoire” of characters in the given encoding schemes. For example, ASCII is one encoding scheme, perhaps the one best known to the average non-technical person in North America. “A”, “B”, & “C” are three characters in the repertoire of this encoding scheme. These three characters are assigned encodings 41, 42 & 43 in ASCII (expressed here in hexadecimal). 1.2 MARC8 "MARC8" is the term commonly used to refer both to the encoding scheme and its repertoire as used in MARC records up to 1998. The ‘8’ refers to the fact that, unlike Unicode which is a multi-byte per character code set, the MARC8 encoding scheme is principally made up of multiple one byte tables in which each character is encoded using a single 8 bit byte. (It also includes the EACC set which actually uses fixed length 3 bytes per character.) (For details on MARC8 and its specifications see: http://www.loc.gov/marc/.) MARC8 was introduced around 1968 and was initially limited to essentially Latin script only. -
Bbedit 13.5 User Manual
User Manual BBEdit™ Professional Code and Text Editor for the Macintosh Bare Bones Software, Inc. ™ BBEdit 13.5 Product Design Jim Correia, Rich Siegel, Steve Kalkwarf, Patrick Woolsey Product Engineering Jim Correia, Seth Dillingham, Matt Henderson, Jon Hueras, Steve Kalkwarf, Rich Siegel, Steve Sisak Engineers Emeritus Chris Borton, Tom Emerson, Pete Gontier, Jamie McCarthy, John Norstad, Jon Pugh, Mark Romano, Eric Slosser, Rob Vaterlaus Documentation Fritz Anderson, Philip Borenstein, Stephen Chernicoff, John Gruber, Jeff Mattson, Jerry Kindall, Caroline Rose, Allan Rouselle, Rich Siegel, Vicky Wong, Patrick Woolsey Additional Engineering Polaschek Computing Icon Design Bryan Bell Factory Color Schemes Luke Andrews Additional Color Schemes Toothpaste by Cat Noon, and Xcode Dark by Andrew Carter. Used by permission. Additional Icons By icons8. Used under license Additional Artwork By Jonathan Hunt PHP keyword lists Contributed by Ted Stresen-Reuter. Previous versions by Carsten Blüm Published by: Bare Bones Software, Inc. 73 Princeton Street, Suite 206 North Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA (978) 251-0500 main (978) 251-0525 fax https://www.barebones.com/ Sales & customer service: [email protected] Technical support: [email protected] BBEdit and the BBEdit User Manual are copyright ©1992-2020 Bare Bones Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Produced/published in USA. Copyrights, Licenses & Trademarks cmark ©2014 by John MacFarlane. Used under license; part of the CommonMark project LibNcFTP Used under license from and copyright © 1996-2010 Mike Gleason & NcFTP Software Exuberant ctags ©1996-2004 Darren Hiebert (source code here) PCRE2 Library Written by Philip Hazel and Zoltán Herczeg ©1997-2018 University of Cambridge, England Info-ZIP Library ©1990-2009 Info-ZIP. -
DFDL WG Stephen M Hanson, IBM [email protected] September 2014
GFD-P-R.207 (OBSOLETED by GFD-P-R.240) Michael J Beckerle, Tresys Technology OGF DFDL WG Stephen M Hanson, IBM [email protected] September 2014 Data Format Description Language (DFDL) v1.0 Specification Status of This Document Grid Final Draft (GFD) Obsoletes This document obsoletes GFD-P-R.174 dated January 2011 [OBSOLETE_DFDL]. Copyright Notice Copyright © Global Grid Forum (2004-2006). Some Rights Reserved. Distribution is unlimited. Copyright © Open Grid Forum (2006-2014). Some Rights Reserved. Distribution is unlimited Abstract This document is OBSOLETE. It is superceded by GFD-P-R.240. This document provides a definition of a standard Data Format Description Language (DFDL). This language allows description of text, dense binary, and legacy data formats in a vendor- neutral declarative manner. DFDL is an extension to the XML Schema Description Language (XSDL). GFD-P-R.207 (OBSOLETED by GFD-P-R.240) September 2014 Contents Data Format Description Language (DFDL) v1.0 Specification ...................................................... 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Why is DFDL Needed? ................................................................................................... 10 1.2 What is DFDL? ................................................................................................................ 10 Simple Example ...................................................................................................... -
The Unicode Standard 5.2 Code Charts
Miscellaneous Technical Range: 2300–23FF The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2. Characters in this chart that are new for The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 are shown in conjunction with any existing characters. For ease of reference, the new characters have been highlighted in the chart grid and in the names list. This file will not be updated with errata, or when additional characters are assigned to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-5.2/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 5.2. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/5.2.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 5.2. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.2.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, and #44, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. -
TS 126 234 V5.6.0 (2003-09) Technical Specification
ETSI TS 126 234 V5.6.0 (2003-09) Technical Specification Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Transparent end-to-end streaming service; Protocols and codecs (3GPP TS 26.234 version 5.6.0 Release 5) 3GPP TS 26.234 version 5.6.0 Release 5 1 ETSI TS 126 234 V5.6.0 (2003-09) Reference RTS/TSGS-0426234v560 Keywords UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. -
Notetab User Manual
NoteTab User Manual Copyright © 1995-2016, FOOKES Holding Ltd, Switzerland NoteTab® Tame Your Text with NoteTab by FOOKES Holding Ltd A leading-edge text and HTML editor. Handle a stack of huge files with ease, format text, use a spell-checker, and perform system-wide searches and multi-line global replacements. Build document templates, convert text to HTML on the fly, and take charge of your code with a bunch of handy HTML tools. Use a power-packed scripting language to create anything from a text macro to a mini-application. Winner of top industry awards since 1998. “NoteTab” and “Fookes” are registered trademarks of Fookes Holding Ltd. All other trademarks and service marks, both marked and not marked, are the property of their respective ow ners. NoteTab® Copyright © 1995-2016, FOOKES Holding Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher. “NoteTab” and “Fookes” are registered trademarks of Fookes Holding Ltd. All other trademarks and service marks, both marked and not marked, are the property of their respective owners. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document. -
Frequently Asked Questions and Selected Resources on Cyrillic Multilingual Computing
Frequently Asked Questions and Selected Resources on Cyrillic Multilingual Computing Kevin S. Hawkins SUMMARY. The persistence of multiple standards, both de jure and de facto, for handling text on the computer is perhaps the most perplexing problem facing those who wish to use a computer in more than one lan- guage, or even to provide access to data across more than one operating system and application platform. Using Cyrillic as an example, this ar- ticle attempts to answer questions commonly asked by non-expert computer users who wish to work in more than one language. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: <[email protected]> Website: <http://www.HaworthPress.com> © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.] Kevin S. Hawkins, MS, is Electronic Publishing Librarian, Scholarly Publishing Office, University Library, University of Michigan. Address correspondence to: Kevin S. Hawkins, 300 Hatcher Graduate Library North, 920 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1205 USA (E-mail: kshawkin@ umich.edu). The author wishes to thank David Dubin and the other members of the GSLIS Re- search Writing Group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for their com- prehensive advice, and Troy Williams, Benjamin Rifkin, Michael Brewer, David Dubin, Tatiana Poliakevitch, Irina Roskin, Peter Houtzagers, and Uladzimir Katkouski for their specific corrections and suggestions. [Haworth co-indexing entry note]: “Frequently Asked Questions and Selected Resources on Cyrillic Multilingual Computing.” Hawkins, Kevin S. Co-published simultaneously in Slavic & East European Infor- mation Resources (The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc.) Vol. -
Pdflib API Reference 9.0.1
ABC PDFlib, PDFlib+PDI, PPS A library for generating PDF on the fly PDFlib 9.0.1 API Reference For use with C, C++, Cobol, COM, Java, .NET, Objective-C, Perl, PHP, Python, REALbasic/Xojo, RPG, Ruby Copyright © 1997–2013 PDFlib GmbH and Thomas Merz. All rights reserved. PDFlib users are granted permission to reproduce printed or digital copies of this manual for internal use. PDFlib GmbH Franziska-Bilek-Weg 9, 80339 München, Germany www.pdflib.com phone +49 • 89 • 452 33 84-0 fax +49 • 89 • 452 33 84-99 If you have questions check the PDFlib mailing list and archive at tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/pdflib Licensing contact: [email protected] Support for commercial PDFlib licensees: [email protected] (please include your license number) This publication and the information herein is furnished as is, is subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by PDFlib GmbH. PDFlib GmbH assumes no responsibility or lia- bility for any errors or inaccuracies, makes no warranty of any kind (express, implied or statutory) with re- spect to this publication, and expressly disclaims any and all warranties of merchantability, fitness for par- ticular purposes and noninfringement of third party rights. PDFlib and the PDFlib logo are registered trademarks of PDFlib GmbH. PDFlib licensees are granted the right to use the PDFlib name and logo in their product documentation. However, this is not required. Adobe, Acrobat, PostScript, and XMP are trademarks of Adobe Systems Inc. AIX, IBM, OS/390, WebSphere, iSeries, and zSeries are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. -
Locale Database
International Language Environments Guide Part No: 817–2521–11 November 2010 Copyright © 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related software documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are “commercial computer software” or “commercial technical data” pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms setforth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. -
C++ Reading a Line of Text
C++ Reading a Line of Text Because there are times when you do not want to skip whitespace before inputting a character, there is a function to input the next character in the stream regardless of what it is. The function is named get and is applied as shown. cin.get(character); The next character in the input stream is returned in char variable character. If the previous input was a numeric value, character contains whatever character ended the inputting of the value. There are also times when you want to skip the rest of the values on a line and go to the beginning of the next line. A function named ignore defined in file <iostream> allows you to do this. It has two parameters. The first is an int expression and the second is a character. This function skips the number of characters specified in the first parameter or all the characters up to and including the character specified in the second parameter, whichever comes first. For example, cin.ignore(80, '\n'); skips 80 characters or skips to the beginning of the next line depending on whether a newline character is encountered before 80 characters are skipped (read and discarded). As another example, consider: cin.ignore(4,’g’); cin.get(c); cout << c << endl; If the input to this program is “agdfg” then the input is ignored up to and including the ‘g’ so the next character read is ‘d’. The letter “d” is then output. If the input to this program is “abcdef” then the input is ignored for the first four characters, so the next character read is ‘e’. -
I18n, M17n, Unicode, and All That
I18N, M17N, UNICODE, AND ALL THAT Tim Bray General-Purpose Web Geek Sun Microsystems /[a-zA-Z]+/ This is probably a bug. The Problems We Have To Solve Identifying characters Storage Byte⇔character mapping Transfer Good string API Published in 1996; it has 74 major sections, most of which discuss whole families of writing systems. www.w3.org/TR/charmod Identifying Characters 1,1 17 “Planes”14,1 each with 64k code points: U+0000 – U+10FFFF BMP 12 Unicode Code Points 0 0000 1 0000 Basic Multilingual Plane 2 0000 Dead Languages & Math 3 0000 Han Characters 4 0000 5 0000 Non-BMP 6 0000 7 0000 99,024 characters defined in Unicode 5.0 “Astral” Planes 8 0000 9 0000 A 0000 B 0000 C 0000 D 0000 E 0000 Language F 0000 10 0000 Private Use T ags The Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) U+0000 – U+FFFF 0000 Alphabets 1000 2000 3000 Punctuation 4000 Asian-language Support 5000 Han Characters 6000 7000 8000 9000 A000 Y B000 i Hangul C000 D000 E000 (*: Legacy-Compatibility junk)Surrogates F000 Private Use * Unicode Character Database 00C8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0045 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E GRAVE;;;00E8; “Character #200 is LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE, a lower-case letter, combining class 0, renders L-to-R, can be composed by U+0045/U+0300, had a differentÈ name in Unicode 1, isn’t a number, lowercase is U+00E8.” www.unicode.org/Public/Unidata $ U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN Ž U+017D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON ® U+00AE REGISTERED SIGN ή U+03AE GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS Ж U+0416 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE א U+05D0 HEBREW LETTER -
Unicode Characters in Proofpower Through Lualatex
Unicode Characters in ProofPower through Lualatex Roger Bishop Jones Abstract This document serves to establish what characters render like in utf8 ProofPower documents prepared using lualatex. Created 2019 http://www.rbjones.com/rbjpub/pp/doc/t055.pdf © Roger Bishop Jones; Licenced under Gnu LGPL Contents 1 Prelude 2 2 Changes 2 2.1 Recent Changes .......................................... 2 2.2 Changes Under Consideration ................................... 2 2.3 Issues ............................................... 2 3 Introduction 3 4 Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode 3 5 Dedicated blocks 3 5.1 Mathematical Operators block .................................. 3 5.2 Supplemental Mathematical Operators block ........................... 4 5.3 Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block ........................... 4 5.4 Letterlike Symbols block ..................................... 6 5.5 Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block .......................... 7 5.6 Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block .......................... 7 5.7 Miscellaneous Technical block .................................. 7 5.8 Geometric Shapes block ...................................... 8 5.9 Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block ............................. 9 5.10 Arrows block ........................................... 9 5.11 Supplemental Arrows-A block .................................. 10 5.12 Supplemental Arrows-B block ................................... 10 5.13 Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block ......................... 11 5.14