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The Effect of Smartphone on the Society Beau Patrick, Dylan Austin www.idosr.org Beau et al ©IDOSR PUBLICATIONS International Digital Organization for Scientific Research IDOSR JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4(1):1-6, 2019. ISSN: 2579-0803 The Effect of Smartphone on the Society Beau Patrick, Dylan Austin and Charles O. Connor Computer Science Murdoch University, Australia. ABSTRACT Smartphones are a class of mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet (including web browsing over mobile broadband), and multimedia functionality (including music, video, cameras, and gaming), alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically contain a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips, include various sensors that can be leveraged by their software (such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope, or accelerometer), and support wireless communications protocols (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or satellite navigation. The first smartphone was designed by IBM and sold by BellSouth (formerly part of the AT&T Corporation) in 1993. It included a touchscreen interface for accessing its calendar, address book, calculator, and other functions. The emergence of communication and computing for mobile consumer devices is on the evolutionary course to bring interoperability and leverage the services and functions of every industry. smartphone has a sizeable impact on society and other aspects of life. Smartphone has impacted almost all walk of human life. Keywords: Effect, smartphone, society. INTRODUCTION The development of the smartphone was feature phones by their stronger hardware enabled by several key technological capabilities and extensive mobile advances. The exponential scaling and operating systems, which facilitate wider miniaturization of MOSFETs (MOS software, internet (including web transistors) down to sub-micron levels browsing over mobile broadband), and during the 1990s–2000s (as predicted by multimedia functionality (including Moore's law) made it possible to build music, video, cameras, and gaming), portable smart devices such as alongside core phone functions such as smartphones, as well as enabling the voice calls and text messaging. transistion from analog to faster digital Smartphones typically contain a number wireless mobile networks (leading to of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) Edholm's law). Other important enabling integrated circuit (IC) chips, include factors include the lithium-ion battery, an various sensors that can be leveraged by indispensable energy source enabling their software (such as a magnetometer, long battery life, invented in the 1980s proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope, and commercialized in 1991, and the or accelerometer), and support wireless development of more mature software communications protocols (such as platforms that allowed mobile device Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or satellite navigation). ecosystems to develop independently of Early smartphones were marketed data providers [1] [2]. primarily towards the enterprise market, Smartphones are a class of mobile phones attempting to bridge the functionality of and of multi-purpose mobile computing standalone personal digital assistant devices. They are distinguished from (PDA) devices with support for cellular 1 IDOSR JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4(1):1-6, 2019 www.idosr.org Beau et al telephony, but were limited by their bulky The first smartphone was designed by form, short battery life, slow analog IBM and sold by BellSouth (formerly part cellular networks, and the immaturity of of the AT&T Corporation) in 1993. It wireless data services [3]. These issues included a touchscreen interface for were eventually resolved with the accessing its calendar, address book, exponential scaling and miniaturization calculator, and other functions. As the of MOS transistors down to sub-micron market matured and solid-state computer levels (Moore's law), the improved memory and integrated circuits became lithium-ion battery, faster digital mobile less expensive over the following decade, data networks (Edholm's law), and more smartphones became more computer-like, mature software platforms that allowed and more more-advanced services, such mobile device ecosystems to develop as Internet access, became possible. independently of data providers [4] [5] Advanced services became ubiquitous [6]. with the introduction of the so-called In the 2000s, NTT DoCoMo's i-mode third-generation (3G) mobile phone platform, BlackBerry, Nokia's Symbian networks in 2001. Before 3G, most mobile platform, and Windows Mobile began to phones could send and receive data at a gain market traction, with models often rate sufficient for telephone calls and text featuring QWERTY keyboards or resistive messages [11]. Using 3G, communication touchscreen input, and emphasizing takes place at bit-rates high enough for access to push email and wireless sending and receiving photographs, video internet. Since the unveiling of the iPhone clips, music files, e-mails, and more. Most in 2007, the majority of smartphones smartphone manufacturers license an have featured thin, slate-like form factors, operating system, such as Microsoft with large, capacitive screens with Corporation’s Windows Mobile OS, support for multi-touch gestures rather Symbian OS, Google’s Android OS, or Palm than physical keyboards, and offer the OS. Research in Motion’s BlackBerry and ability for users to download or purchase Apple Inc.’s iPhone has their own additional applications from a centralized proprietary systems. store, and use cloud storage and Smartphones contain either a keyboard synchronization, virtual assistants, as integrated with the telephone number pad well as mobile payment services [7]. or a standard ―QWERTY‖ keyboard for text Improved hardware and faster wireless messaging, e-mailing, and using Web communication (due to standards such as browsers. ―Virtual‖ keyboards can be LTE) have bolstered the growth of the integrated into a touch-screen design. smartphone industry. In the third quarter Smartphones often have a built-in camera of 2012, one billion smartphones were in for recording and transmitting use worldwide. Global smartphone sales photographs and short videos [12] [13]. In surpassed the sales figures for feature addition, many smartphones can access phones in early 2013 [8]. Wi-Fi ―hot spots‖ so that users can access Smartphone, also spelled smart phone, VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) rather mobile telephone with a display screen than pay cellular telephone transmission (typically a liquid crystal display, or LCD), fees. The growing capabilities of built-in personal information handheld devices and transmission management programs (such as an protocols have enabled a growing number electronic calendar and address book) of inventive and fanciful applications—for typically found in a personal digital instance, ―augmented reality,‖ in which a assistant (PDA), and an operating system smartphone’s global positioning system (OS) that allows other computer software (GPS) location chip can be used to overlay to be installed for Web browsing, e-mail, the phone’s camera view of a street scene music, video, and other applications [9] with local tidbits of information, such as [10]. A smartphone may be thought of as the identity of stores, points of interest, a handheld computer integrated within a or real estate listings [14]. mobile telephone. 2 IDOSR JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4(1):1-6, 2019 www.idosr.org Beau et al Early smartphones BlackBerry smartphones from Research In Phones that made effective use of any Motion. American users popularized the significant data connectivity were still term "CrackBerry" in 2006 due to the rare outside Japan until the introduction BlackBerry's addictive nature [15]. In the of the Danger Hiptop in 2002, which saw U.S., the high cost of data plans and moderate success among U.S. consumers relative rarity of devices with Wi-Fi as the T-Mobile Sidekick. Later, in the capabilities that could avoid cellular data mid-2000s, business users in the U.S. network usage kept adoption of started to adopt devices based on smartphones mainly to business Microsoft's Windows Mobile, and then professionals and "early adopters. " Fig 1: Several BlackBerry smartphones, which were highly popular in the mid-late 2000s Outside the U.S. and Japan, Nokia was interoperability and leverage the services seeing success with its smartphones and functions of every industry. As a based on Symbian, originally developed marketing strategy, Smartphone term was by Psion for their personal organisers, introduced, referring to a new class of and it was the most popular smartphone mobile phones with integrated services OS in Europe during the middle to late like communication, mobile sectors 2000s. Initially, Nokia's Symbian including voice communication, smartphones were focused on business messaging, personal information with the Eseries,[16] similar to Windows management and wireless communication Mobile and BlackBerry devices at the time. capability. Initially, Smartphone’s were From 2006 onwards, Nokia started only perceived for business use due to producing consumer-focused higher cost, but not today, today we are smartphones, popularized by the in a frenetic impact of Smartphone on the entertainment-focused Nseries. Until society. The latest surveys show that
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