History of Micro-Computers
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North Star MDS Micro Disk System Double Density
NorthSbrCompumlnc 2547 Ninth Street Berkeley, Co. 94710 MICRO-DISK SYSTEM MDS-A-D DOUBLE DENSITY Table of Contents Introduction. ..... • 2 Cautions ...... 2 Limited Hardware Warranty 3 Out of Warranty Repair .. 3 Limited Software Warranty 4 Software License ...•. 4 Parts List ........ 5 Assembly Information ••. 8 ,< Figure lA: Identification of Components 10 Assembly and Check-out Instructions 11 l System Integration .•••.... 22 , Theory of Operation ••••• 27 ! Appendix 1: Pulse Signal Detection 35 I Schematic Drawings ••.•••.• 36 -~ I ; Copyright 1978, North star Computers, Inc. MDS-D REVISION 2 25010 INTRODUCTION The North Star Micro-Disk System (MDS-A-O) is a complete floppy disk system for use with 5-100 bus computers. The system .• includes the disk controller board, one floppy disk drive, power regulation, cables, software and documentation. The software is provided on diskette and includes the North Star Disk Operating System, BASIC Language System, Monitor, and various utility programs. The system is capable of controlling up to four disk drives. Each disk drive can record 179,200 bytes of information on a diskette, thus allowing up to 716,800 bytes of on-line disk storage. Addition disk drives, AC power supplies, and cabinets are available as options If you have purchased the MDS-A-D as a kit, then first skim the entire manual. Be sure to carefully read the Assembly Information section before beginning assembly. If you have purchased the MDS-A-D in assembled form, you may skip the A Assembly section. ., CAUTIONS .- 1. Correct this document from the errata before doing anything else. 2. Do NOT insert or remove the MDS controller from the computer while the power is turned on. -
TRS-80:The Million- Your Judgement Thoughtfully
We Take the Mystery Out of Computers.. What is a computer? giving you the time to exercise TRS-80:The Million- your judgement thoughtfully. Dollar Breakthrough Not so many years ago, the pocket calculator we now take What Can a Computer Do? TRS-80 systems are capable of for granted could have passed for performing all of these opera- a powerful computer, worth a Large computers are well known tions, and quite a few more not great deal of money. Today, how- in the business world for their mentioned. Although TRS-80 is a ever, there is much more to the ability to do bookkeeping, bdling, small computer, it offers comput- definition of a computer. payroll, inventory control, and ing power that would have cost fast analysis of data. more than a million dollars just a Computers work not only with few years ago. And now there numbers, but with alphanumeric Because computers work with are two TRS-80 systems! -the data-names, words, stock alphanumeric information, they Model I and the all-new Model 11 numbers. A computer can be can sort a mailing list by name, "strictly business" computer. programmed to repeat the same address or other criteria, spot The chart on page 5 will give you I function over and over. It can log- slow-moving inventory items, a feeling for the relative 1; ically evaluate information given write purchase orders based on capabilities of the two systems. B to it, and act on its findings. It sales trends . or simply catalog Your nearby Radio Shack store, can store large volumes of data your butterfly collection. -
Considerations for Use of Microcomputers in Developing Countrystatistical Offices
Considerations for Use of Microcomputers in Developing CountryStatistical Offices Final Report Prepared by International Statistical Programs Center Bureau of the Census U.S. Department of Commerce Funded by Office of the Science Advisor (c Agency for International Development issued October 1983 IV U.S. Department of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary Clarence J. Brown, Deputy Secretary BUREAU OF THE CENSUS C.L. Kincannon, Deputy Director ACKNOWLEDGE ME NT S This study was conducted by the International Statistical Programs Center (ISPC) of the U.S. Bureau of the Census under Participating Agency Services Agreement (PASA) #STB 5543-P-CA-1100-O0, "Strengthening Scientific and Technological Capacity: Low Cost Microcomputer Technology," with the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). Funding fcr this project was provided as a research grant from the Office of the Science Advisor of AID. The views and opinions expressed in this report, however, are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor. Project implementation was performed under general management of Robert 0. Bartram, Assistant Director for International Programs, and Karl K. Kindel, Chief ISPC. Winston Toby Riley III provided input as an independent consultant. Study activities and report preparation were accomplished by: Robert R. Bair -- Principal Investigator Barbara N. Diskin -- Project Leader/Principal Author Lawrence I. Iskow -- Author William K. Stuart -- Author Rodney E. Butler -- Clerical Assistant Jerry W. Richards -- Clerical Assistant ISPC would like to acknowledge the many microcomputer vendors, software developers, users, the United Nations Statistical Office, and AID staff and contractors that contributed to the knowledge and experiences of the study team. -
Retrocomputing As Preservation and Remix
Retrocomputing as Preservation and Remix Yuri Takhteyev Quinn DuPont University of Toronto University of Toronto [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This paper looks at the world of retrocomputing, a constellation of largely non-professional practices involving old computing technology. Retrocomputing includes many activities that can be seen as constituting “preservation.” At the same time, it is often transformative, producing assemblages that “remix” fragments from the past with newer elements or joining together historic components that were never combined before. While such “remix” may seem to undermine preservation, it allows for fragments of computing history to be reintegrated into a living, ongoing practice, contributing to preservation in a broader sense. The seemingly unorganized nature of retrocomputing assemblages also provides space for alternative “situated knowledges” and histories of computing, which can sometimes be quite sophisticated. Recognizing such alternative epistemologies paves the way for alternative approaches to preservation. Keywords: retrocomputing, software preservation, remix Recovering #popsource In late March of 2012 Jordan Mechner received a shipment from his father, a box full of old floppies. Among them was a 3.5 inch disk labelled: “Prince of Persia / Source Code (Apple) / ©1989 Jordan Mechner (Original).” Mechner’s announcement of this find on his blog the next day took the world of nerds by storm.1 Prince of Persia, a game that Mechner single-handedly developed in the late 1980s, revolutionized computer games when it came out due to its surprisingly realistic representation of human movement. After being ported to DOS and Apple’s Mac OS in the early 1990s the game sold 2 million copies (Pham, 2001). -
1 Intel CEO Remarks Pat Gelsinger Q2'21 Earnings Webcast July 22
Intel CEO Remarks Pat Gelsinger Q2’21 Earnings Webcast July 22, 2021 Good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for joining our second-quarter earnings call. It’s a thrilling time for both the semiconductor industry and for Intel. We're seeing unprecedented demand as the digitization of everything is accelerated by the superpowers of AI, pervasive connectivity, cloud-to-edge infrastructure and increasingly ubiquitous compute. Our depth and breadth of software, silicon and platforms, and packaging and process, combined with our at-scale manufacturing, uniquely positions Intel to capitalize on this vast growth opportunity. Our Q2 results, which exceeded our top and bottom line expectations, reflect the strength of the industry, the demand for our products, as well as the superb execution of our factory network. As I’ve said before, we are only in the early innings of what is likely to be a decade of sustained growth across the industry. Our momentum is building as once again we beat expectations and raise our full-year revenue and EPS guidance. Since laying out our IDM 2.0 strategy in March, we feel increasingly confident that we're moving the company forward toward our goal of delivering leadership products in every category in which we compete. While we have work to do, we are making strides to renew our execution machine: 7nm is progressing very well. We’ve launched new innovative products, established Intel Foundry Services, and made operational and organizational changes to lay the foundation needed to win in the next phase of our company’s great history. Here at Intel, we’re proud of our past, pragmatic about the work ahead, but, most importantly, confident in our future. -
1995-1996 Catalog
~"'1\~~~~Y/Ji~'l/J,~~,~' COLLEGE OF THE DESERT 1995 -1996 CATALOG ~~f.~'f.(~~~~~~'(~f DESERT COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT 1995 - 1996 CATALOG RT A California Public Community College College of the Desert Copper Mountain Campus 43-500 Monterey Avenue 6162 Rotary Way/POB 1398 Palm Desert, CA 92260 Joshua Tree, CA 92252 (619) 346-8041 (619) 365-0614 (619) 773-2516 (619) 366-3791 (619) 773-2520 (619) 367-3591 2 A LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Congratulations on deciding to attend the College of the Desert. You will be receiving one ofthe best higher education experiences in the State ofCalifornia. Think of this as a personal partnership between you and the College of the Desert. Your success will depend not only on what the College can provide in terms of resources and commitment to you, but also on what you bring to the College in terms ofpersonal abilities and commitment. Whatever site that you are attending -- the Palm Desert Campus, Copper Mountain Campus, Twentynine Palms Marine Base Center or the Eastern Valley Center -- this catalogue is intended to help you make the most of your educational experience by making you more knowledgeable of Dr. David A. George the resources and opportunities that are available within the Desert Community College District. On behalf of the District's Board of Trustees, administrators, faculty, and staff, I would like to welcome you and to express to you my sincere hope that you are able to fully achieve your educational goals at College of the Desert. We are committed to supporting you in any way that we can, so please do not hesitate to call on any of us if you think that we can be of assistance! Dr. -
IEEE Spectrum: 25 Microchip
IEEE Spectrum: 25 Microchips That Shook the World http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/print/8747 Sponsored By Select Font Size: A A A 25 Microchips That Shook the World By Brian R. Santo This is part of IEEE Spectrum 's Special Report: 25 Microchips That Shook the World . In microchip design, as in life, small things sometimes add up to big things. Dream up a clever microcircuit, get it sculpted in a sliver of silicon, and your little creation may unleash a technological revolution. It happened with the Intel 8088 microprocessor. And the Mostek MK4096 4-kilobit DRAM. And the Texas Instruments TMS32010 digital signal processor. Among the many great chips that have emerged from fabs during the half-century reign of the integrated circuit, a small group stands out. Their designs proved so cutting-edge, so out of the box, so ahead of their time, that we are left groping for more technology clichés to describe them. Suffice it to say that they gave us the technology that made our brief, otherwise tedious existence in this universe worth living. We’ve compiled here a list of 25 ICs that we think deserve the best spot on the mantelpiece of the house that Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce built. Some have become enduring objects of worship among the chiperati: the Signetics 555 timer, for example. Others, such as the Fairchild 741 operational amplifier, became textbook design examples. Some, like Microchip Technology’s PIC microcontrollers, have sold billions, and are still doing so. A precious few, like Toshiba’s flash memory, created whole new markets. -
Western Digital
-<;r ( ( ) 581600 PASCAl/ADA LANGUAGE SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER 8ISi!4a".iJUJ!C!Sit1:tW&e~,!~~~~naJIltMq$d !MItIDlt'.... 'm,."mn fI:c<.~ WESTERN DIGITAL c o R p o R A T / o N I/O MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS .>t·Three level interrupt structure supporting disk and I/O • Length: 16 Inches Advanced Systems Division operations. Level 0 is used internally by the system. 8 inches o o • Width: t' "M _.vnpen ., = f'¥'X'" *'1 Level 1 and level 2 are reserved for future user expansion • Height: 1.5 inches and optional real time clock. OJ Two asynchronous, full duplex RS232-C serial 110 ports. Q) Programmable 1, 1 1/2 or 2 stop bi ts, 5 to 8 bit characters ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS 0: and baud rates of 5O-19.2K are provided. The baud rate • Temperature: coW for system console port A is switch selectable; Port B is O' C to + 50' C(Operating) o software selectable. - 20' C to + 100' C(Non-operating) I () 22 bit parallel 110 port: 8 output lines, 8 input lines and 6 • Humidity: o control lines. Centronics printer compatible. 10 - 90% (Non-condensing) • 100 pin edge connector for testing and system expan 581600 sion. Includes full address, data and control lines, bus grant DMA handshake and interrupt daisy chain. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS .. 24 pin stacking connector for future calendar clock/data • Power requirements PASCAL/ADA LANGUAGE encryption add-on. VOLTAGE CURRENT +5VDC ± 1% 3.5A, 50mv, pop max SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER +15VDC ± 5% 0.45A, Unregulated -15VDC ± 5% 0.14A, Unregulated CONNECTORS DISK INTERFACE • Serial port: Standard RS232 "D" Type 25 pin connector • Supports up to four double sided, double density 8-inch • Parallel ports: Standard "D" Type 37 pin connector floppy disk drives providing a total formatted capacity of • Floppy Interface: Industry standard flat ribbon, mass 4 megabytes. -
Exploring Student Perceptions About the Use of Visual Programming
Exploring student perceptions about the use of visual programming environments, their relation to student learning styles and their impact on student motivation in undergraduate introductory programming modules Maira Kotsovoulou (BSc, MSc) July 2019 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Educational Research, Lancaster University, UK. Exploring student perceptions about the use of visual programming environments, their relation to student learning styles and their impact on student motivation in undergraduate introductory programming modules Maira Kotsovoulou (BSc, MSc) This thesis results entirely from my own work and has not been offered previously for any other degree or diploma. The word count is 57,743 excluding references. Signature ........................................................ Maira Kotsovoulou (BSc, MSc) Exploring student perceptions about the use of visual programming environments, their relation to student learning styles and their impact on student motivation in undergraduate introductory programming modules Doctor of Philosophy, July 2019 Abstract My research aims to explore how students perceive the usability and enjoyment of visual/block-based programming environments (VPEs), to what extent their learning styles relate to these perceptions and finally to what extent these tools facilitate student understanding of basic programming constructs and impact their motivation to learn programming. My overall methodological approach is a case study that explores the nature of potential benefits to using a VPE in an introductory programming module, within the specific context of an English-speaking institution of higher learning in Southern Europe. Part 1 of this research is a pilot study, which uses participatory action research as a methodological practice to identify which visual programming environment will be selected for the main study. -
MOSTEK 1980 CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS PRODUCT GUIDE Mostek Reserves the Right to Make Changes in Specifications at Any Time and Without Notice
MOSTEK 1980 CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PRODUCT GUIDE Mostek reserves the right to make changes in specifications at any time and without notice. The information furnished by Mostek in this publication is believedto be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Mostek for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted under any patents or patent rights of Mostek. The "PRELIMINARY" designation on a Mostek data sheet indicates that the product is not characterized. The specifications are subject to change, are based on design goals or preliminary part evaluation, and are not guaranteed. Mostek Corporation or an authorized sales representative should be consulted for current information before using this product. No responsibility is assumed by Mostek for its use; nor for any infringements of patents and trademarks or other rights ofthird parties resulting from its use. No license is granted under any patents, patent rights, or trademarks of Mostek. Mostek reserves the right to make changes in specifications at anytime and without notice. PRINTED IN USA April 1980 Publication Number Trade Marks Registered® STD No 01009 Copyright © 1980 Mostek Corporation (All rights reserved) II ~~~~~~~;;;;' Table of Contents '~~~~~~;;;;; Table of Contents ................................................... 111 Numerical Index ...................................................VIII Alphabetical Index . ................................................. x Mostek Profile -
Full Form of Basic in Computer Language
Full Form Of Basic In Computer Language Arrased and intransitive Obadiah resit: which Rockwell is soused enough? Prentiss safeguards her nitromethane yesternight, she posed it drastically. How rustling is Morley when comelier and canescent Ned depolarize some banana? Learning pascal are usually, the extern modifier is defined in basic computer full language of sense 3 Popular Types of Computer Language eduCBA. Instead of using machine code it uses a programming language. Programming in one natural language say taken full scope set the English language. BASIC was to early programming language that is still despise the simplest and most popular of programming languages BASIC stands for Beginner's. It is practically impossible to teach good programming to students that have had one prior exposure to BASIC In its classic form BASIC also. Computer Related Full Form PDF For BoardCompetitive Examination BAL Basic Assembly Language BER Bit less Rate BFD Binary File. Included in computer language of computers can be covered in. All Full Forms for Computer Subjectpdf Domain Name. The basics of BASIC the programming language of the 190s. Learn then to program drawings animations and games using JavaScript ProcessingJS or learn how these create webpages with HTML CSS You implement share. Basic Computer Terms. Important Full Forms Related to Programming Languages. BASIC Commands Dartmouth College. An html tags that time and that you are defined rules, compilers convert the habit to create a language of in basic form computer full control. What both RAM & ROM Mean their Business Chroncom. PHP Full Form GeeksforGeeks. What is C The Basics of C Programming HowStuffWorks. -
Autodesk and Autocad
Chapter 8 Autodesk and AutoCAD Autodesk as a company, has gone through several distinct phases of life. There were the “Early Years” which covers the time from when Autodesk was founded as a loose programmer-centric collaborative in early 1982 to the company’s initial public offering in 1985, the “Adolescent Years” during which the company grew rapidly but seemed to do so without any clear direction and the “Mature Years.” The beginning of the latter phase began when Carol Bartz became president and CEO in 1992 and continues to the current time. Even under Bartz, there were several well defined periods of growth as well as some fairly stagnant years.1 Mike Riddle gets hooked on computers Mike Riddle was born in California with computers in his veins. In junior high school, he built his first computer out of relays. It didn’t work very well, but it convinced him that computers were going to be an important part of his life. After attending Arizona State University, Riddle went to work for a steel fabricator where he had his first exposure to CAD. The company had a $250,000 Computervision system that, although capable of 3D work, was used strictly for 2D drafting. The company was engaged in doing steel detailing for the Palo Verde nuclear power plant in Arizona. Riddle felt that anything they were doing on this project with the Computervision system could be done on a microcomputer-based system. About the same time Riddle began working at a local Computerland store where they provided him with free computer time to do with as he wanted.