sign in sign up
<<
Home , Belone euxini, Houndfish, Keeltail needlefish, Platybelone, Tylosurus choram, Tylosurus fodiator

FAMILY Belonidae Bonaparte, 1835 - [=Belonini, Ramphistomae, Tylosuridae, Strongylurinae, Rhamphistomidae, Petalichthyidae] Notes: Belonini Bonaparte, 1835:[19] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1] Ramphistomae Swainson, 1838:303, 307 [ref. 4302] (no family-group name) [if a family-group name based on Raphistoma Rafinesque (as Ramphistoma), then invalid, Article 39] Tylosuridae Starks, 1906:781 [ref. 10101] (family) Strongylurinae Fowler, 1925:3 [ref. 1401] (subfamily) Strongylura Rhamphistomidae de Buen, 1926:58 [ref. 5054] (family) Raphistoma Rafinesque [as Rhamphistoma, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; invalid, Article 39 Petalichthyidae Smith, 1949:129 [ref. 5846] (family) Petalichthys

GENUS Ablennes Jordan & Fordice, 1887 - flat needlefishes [=Ablennes (subgenus of Tylosurus) Jordan [D. S.] & Fordice [M. W.], 1887:342, 345] Notes: [ref. 2456]. Masc. Belone hians Valenciennes, 1846. by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Athlennes by Jordan & Fordice when proposed; corrected by ICZN (Opinion 41). •Valid as Ablennes Jordan & Fordice, 1887 -- (Parin 1967:45 [ref. 10272], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:78 [ref. 6441], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Paxton et al. 1989:341 [ref. 12442], Collette 1999:2152 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:1105 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:2 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:716 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Ablennes Jordan & Fordice, 1887. Belonidae.

Species Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) – flat [=Belone hians Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:432, Pl. 548, Tylosurus caeruleofasciatus Stead [D. G.], 1908:3, Pl. 1, Mastacembelus fasciatus Bleeker [P.], 1872:154, Belone maculata Poey [F.], 1860:290, Belone melanostigma Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg), in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:450, Ablennes pacificus Walford [L. A.], 1936:4, Fig. 1b-c, Belone schismatorhynchus Bleeker [P.], 1850:95] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bahia, . Current status: Valid as Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including and Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (caeruleofasciatus) [New from New South Wales (No. 1); ref. 13271] Port Stephens, New South Wales, . Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (fasciatus) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (maculata) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (melanostigma) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (pacificus) [Occasional Papers of the Santa Barbara Museum v. 4; ref. 13272] Zihuatanejo, Guerro [not Mazatlán], Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (schismatorhynchus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 13402] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

GENUS Belone Cuvier, 1816 - needlefishes, [=Belone Cuvier [G.], 1816:185, Acus Müller [P. L. S.], 1766:341, suppl. p. 5, Acus Müller [P. L. S.], 1774:341, suppl. p. 7, Mastaccembelus Klein [J. T.], 1776:271, Mastacembelus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:581, Raphistoma Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:89] Notes: [ref. 993]. Fem. Esox belone Linnaeus, 1761. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). Spelled Belona by Lesueur 1821:124 [not researched]. On Official List (Opinion 225). Belone Oken, 1816 suppressed; placed on Official Index (Opinion 225). •Valid as Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Mees 1962:11 [ref. 13277], Collette & Parin 1970:10 [ref. 7415], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:605 [ref. 13676], Collette 2003:2 [ref. 27306], Parin et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Acus 1766) [ref. 3055]. Fem. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 701). •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Acus 1774) [ref. 6461]. Fem. Not available, used only as a Latin common name in reference to Esox belone Linnaeus, 1761. Earliest use as an available genus of Belonidae not researched. See Collette 2003:2 [ref. 27306] for information. Author is P. L. S. Müller. •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Mastaccembelus) [ref. 4919]. Masc. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. Not Mastacembelus of Gronow or Scopoli. •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Mastacembelus) [ref. 4572]. Masc. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1744:21 [ref. 30141], with reference to 'Acus Aldrovandus, Hornfish or ' of Willughby 1686:231, Pl. P.2, fig. 4 [ref. 30164]. Not Mastacembelus of Gronow or Scopoli. •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Raphistoma) [ref. 3584]. Neut. Type by being a replacement name. As "Raphistoma R. [Rafinesque] Belone Gr. [Gronow]. " Ramphistoma Swainson, 1838:295, 296 [ref. 4302] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Not available, suppressed by ICZN for purposes of priority and of homonymy; on Official Index (Opinion 225). •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Parin 1973:258 [ref. 7191] as Ramphistoma, Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae.

Species Belone acus Risso, 1827 – Risso's belone [=Belone acus Risso [A.], 1827:443, Belone gracilis Lowe [R. T.], 1839:86, Acus marina Müller [P. L. S.], 1766:141, Pl. H (fig. 2) (v. 2), Esox pinnulatus Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:9, Esox pinnulatus Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Machado, 1857:24] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] . Current status: Valid as Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Portugal (eastern Atlantic). Habitat: marine. (gracilis) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (marina) [Deliciae Naturae; ref. 3055] Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. (pinnulatus C) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. (pinnulatus CinM) [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae.

Species Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) - garfish [=Esox belone Linnaeus [C.], 1761:126, Hemiramphus balticus Hohnbaum-Hornschuch [R. F. M.], in Hohnbaum-Hornschuch & van der Hoeven, 1843:299, Hemiramphus behnii van der Hoeven [J.], in Hohnbaum-Hornschuch & van der Hoeven, 1843:300, Belone cornidii Günther [A.], 1866:255, Hemiramphus europaeus Yarrell [W.], 1837:506, Fig. 63, Belone euxini Günther [A.], 1866:252, Belone linnei Malm [A. W.], 1877:553, Belone longirostris Schinz [H. R.], 1822:312, Hemiramphus obtusus Couch [R. Q.], 1848:1978, Fig., Belone rostrata Faber [F.], 1829:152, Macrognathus scolopax Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:147, Belone undecimradiata Budge [J.], 1848:384, Pl. 12, Belone vulgaris Fleming [J.], 1828:184, Belone vulgaris Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:399] Notes: [Fauna Svecica, sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni, ed. II; ref. 13326] European seas. Current status: Valid as Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea, North Sea, eastern Atlantic including Madeira. Habitat: brackish, marine. (balticus) [Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. v. 10; ref. 13331] Kiel, Germany. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (behnii) [Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. v. 10; ref. 13331] Kiel, Germany. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cornidii) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] of Portugal. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (europaeus) [Magazine of Natural History [E. Charlesworth, ed.] (n.s.) v. 1; ref. 13330] Ipswich, Suffolk coast, England. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (euxini) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Black Sea. Current status: Valid as Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Distribution: Black Sea and Sea of Marmara (if valid). Habitat: marine. (linnei) [ ref. 2881] European seas. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (longirostris) [Das Thierreich v. 2; ref. 3926] European Seas. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (obtusus) [The Zoologist: a Popular Miscellany of Natural History. v. 6; ref. 13345] Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (rostrata) [Naturgeschichte der Fische Islands; ref. 13329] Iceland. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (scolopax) [Catalogue of collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] All the seas of Europe. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (undecimradiata) [Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie, und wissenschaftliche Medicin (J. Müller) v. 15? [1848]; ref. 13332] Probably North Sea. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (vulgaris F) [A history of British ; ref. 1339] of Great Britain. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (vulgaris V) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Dieppe, Fecamp, Abbeville, Caen, Boulogne, Paris, La Rochelle, Manche. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Belone svetovidovi Collette & Parin, 1970 – shortbeaked garfish [=Belone svetovidovi Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.], 1970:21, Figs. 1, 3] Notes: [Atlantide Report No. 11; ref. 7415] Vigo fish market, Galicia, Spain. Current status: Valid as Belone svetovidovi Collette & Parin, 1970. Belonidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Ireland to Portugal. Habitat: marine. GENUS Belonion Collette, 1966 - needlefishes [=Belonion Collette [B. B.], 1966:7] Notes: [ref. 892]. Neut. Belonion apodion Collette, 1966. Type by original designation. •Valid as Belonion Collette, 1966 -- (Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Lovejoy & de Araújo 2000:260 [ref. 31786], Lovejoy & Collette 2001:327 [ref. 25232], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:586 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:3 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Valid as Belonion Collette, 1966. Belonidae.

Species Belonion apodion Collette, 1966 – Rio Guapore needlefish [=Belonion apodion Collette [B. B.], 1966:12, Figs. 1B-C] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 2274; ref. 892] Laguna 3 kilometers southwest of Costa Marques, Rio Guaporé, Bolivia at Brazil-Bolivia boundary. Current status: Valid as Belonion apodion Collette, 1966. Belonidae. Distribution: Guaporé and Madeira River basins: Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Belonion dibranchodon Collette, 1966 – Rio Atabapo needlefish [=Belonion dibranchodon Collette [B. B.], 1966:9, Fig. 1A] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 2274; ref. 892] Río Atabapo, tributary of Orinoco River on the border between Amazonas, Venezuela and Vaupes, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Belonion dibranchodon Collette, 1966. Belonidae. Distribution: Atabapo and Negro River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Petalichthys Regan, 1904 - Cape needlefishes [=Petalichthys Regan [C. T.], 1904:129] Notes: [ref. 12514]. Masc. Petalichthys capensis Regan, 1904. Type by monotypy. Regan's species is not the same as Belone capensis Günther, 1866. •Valid as Petalichthys Regan, 1904 -- (Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Collette 1986:386 [ref. 5647], Collette 2003:3 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Valid as Petalichthys Regan, 1904. Belonidae.

Species Petalichthys capensis Regan, 1904 – Cape needlefish [=Petalichthys capensis Regan [C. T.], 1904:129, Belone megalolepis Mees [G. F.], 1962:51] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 14 (no. 80) (art. 16); ref. 12514] Port Elizabeth, , southwestern . Current status: Valid as Petalichthys capensis Regan, 1904. Belonidae. Distribution: South Africa. Habitat: marine. (megalolepis) [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 54; ref. 13277] Port Elizabeth, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Petalichthys capensis Regan, 1904. Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Fowler, 1919 - keeltail needlefishes, keeled needlefishes [=Platybelone Fowler [H. W.], 1919:2, Eurycaulus (subgenus of Tylosurus) Ogilby [J. D.], 1908:91, Tropidocaulus Ogilby [J. D.], 1919:45] Notes: [ref. 1397]. Fem. Belone platyura Bennett, 1832. Type by being a replacement name. Eurycaulus Ogilby, 1908 (preoccupied) and Tropidocaulus Ogilby, 1919 are objective synonyms. Eurycaulus Ogilby, 1908 is preoccupied by Eurycaulus Fairmaire 1868 (in Coleoptera) and was replaced by Platybelone Fowler, 1919 (20 May) and Tropidocaulus Ogilby, 1919 (4 Aug.). •Valid as Platybelone Fowler, 1919 -- (Parin 1967:10 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:10 [ref. 7415], Parin 1973:259 [ref. 7191], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:78 [ref. 6441], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:607 [ref. 13676], Paxton et al. 1989:342 [ref. 12442], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:207 [ref. 24550], Collette 1999:2152 [ref. 24785], Lovejoy & Collette 2001:327 [ref. 25232], Collette 2003:1105 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:3 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:716 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Platybelone Fowler, 1919. Belonidae. (Eurycaulus) [ref. 3287]. Masc. Belone platyura Bennett, 1832. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Apparently intended as a subgenus but text unclear. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Eurycaulus Fairmaire, 1868 in Coleoptera, replaced by Tropidocaulus Ogilby, 1919. •Synonym of Platybelone Fowler, 1919 -- (Parin 1967:10 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:3 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:716 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Platybelone Fowler, 1919. Belonidae. (Tropidocaulus) [ref. 3300]. Masc. Belone platyura Bennett, 1832. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement name for Eurycaulus Ogilby, 1908, preoccupied by Eurycaulus Fairmaire, 1868 in Coleoptera. See Platybelone Fowler, 1919 [20 May], which is an earlier replacement name for Eurycaulus Ogilby, 1908; Tropidocaulus dates to 4 Aug. •Objective synonym of Platybelone Fowler, 1919 -- (Parin 1967:10 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:4 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:716 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Synonym of Platybelone Fowler, 1919. Belonidae.

Species Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821) – [=Belona argalus Lesueur [C. A.], 1821:125, Unnumbered plate (apparently 10), Platybelone argalus annobonensis Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.], 1970:33, Fig. 4, Belone ardeola Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:425, Belone carinata Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:437, Platybelone dorsalis Whitley [G. P.], 1932:335, Strongylura longleyi Breder [C. M., Jr.], 1932:12, Pls. 2 (fig. 1), 3 (fig. 5), 9, Belone persimilis Günther [A.], 1909:349, Belone platura Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1837:73, Pl. 20 (fig. 1), Belone platyura Bennett [E. T.], 1832:168, Tylosurus pterurus Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.], 1916:152, Fig. 6, Esox teatae Curtiss [A.], 1938:41, Belone trachura Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:456] Notes: [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Guadeloupe Island, West Indies, western Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas; 5 subspecies recognized by some authors. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (annobonensis) [Atlantide Report No. 11; ref. 7415] Annobón Island, Equatorial , Gulf of Guinea [eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Bioco and Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) to São Tomé and Príncipe [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (ardeola) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Martinique Island, West Indies. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (carinata) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Guayaquil, Mexico to Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (dorsalis) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 6); ref. 4674] Northwestern Australia. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (longleyi) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 435; ref. 13366] Dry Tortugas, Monroe County, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (persimilis) [Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee Bd 3 (Heft 8); ref. 14377] Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Hawaii [Hawaiian Islands, central Pacific]; Tonga Islands [South Pacific]; Yap [Federated States of Micronesia, western Pacific]; northwestern coast of Australia [Western Australia, eastern Indian Ocean]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (platura) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argulus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (platyura) [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 4944] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Comores and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and Sala-y-Gomez Ridge, north to east of central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (pterurus) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] Carmen Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, Albatross station 5682. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (teatae) [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands [, South Pacific]. Current status: Synonym of Platybelone argalus (Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (trachura) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] . Current status: Synonym of Platybelone trachura (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Madura and Ascension Island [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

Species Platybelone lovii (Gunther, 1866) – Love's keeltail needlefish [=Belone lovii Günther [A.], 1866:236] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Islands [eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Valid as Platybelone lovii (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde Islands [if valid] Habitat: marine.

GENUS Potamorrhaphis Gunther, 1866 - needlefishes [=Potamorrhaphis (subgenus of Belone) Günther [A.], 1866:234, 256] Notes: [ref. 1983]. Fem. Belone taeniata Günther, 1866. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 234) for 2 species on p. 256. Type designated by Jordan & Fordice 1887:359 [ref. 2456]. Misspelled Pomatorrhaphis by Bleeker 1871:43 and by others in different ways (see Collette 1982:717 [ref. 5467]). •Valid as Potamorrhaphis Günther, 1866 -- (Collette 1982 [ref. 5467], Collette et al. 1984:352 [ref. 11422], Britski et al. 1999:141 [ref. 24147] as Potamorhaphis, Lovejoy & de Araújo 2000:259 [ref. 31786], Lovejoy & Collette 2001:327 [ref. 25232], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:586 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:4 [ref. 27306], Sant'Anna et al. 2012:663 [ref. 32360]). Current status: Valid as Potamorrhaphis Günther, 1866. Belonidae.

Species Potamorrhaphis eigenmanni Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 – Caceres needlefish [=Potamorrhaphis eigenmanni Miranda Ribeiro [A. De], 1915:Belonidae p. 13] Notes: [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 17; ref. 3711] Cáceres, Rio Jaurú at Pôrto Esperidião, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamorrhaphis eigenmanni Miranda Ribeiro, 1915. Belonidae. Distribution: Upper Madeira River and its tributaries and Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1843) – Paduiri River needlefish [=Belone guianensis Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1843:131, Pl. 1, Belone scolopacina Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:428, Belone taeniata Günther [A.], 1866:256] Notes: [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Paduiri River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843). Belonidae. Distribution: South America. Amazon and Orinoco River basins and the Guianas: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (scolopacina) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Rio de la Mana, Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater. (taeniata) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Capim River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Potamorrhaphis labiatus Sant'Anna et al., 2012 – Carauari needlefish [=Potamorrhaphis labiatus Sant'Anna [V. B.], Delapieve [M. L. S.] & Reis [R. E.], 2012:663, Figs. 2, 3, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7] Notes: [Copeia 2012 (no. 4); ref. 32360] Carauari, Rio Juruá, beach 2 km upstream Sacado do Juburi, 05°10'15"S, 67°13'27"W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamorrhaphis labiatus Sant'Anna, Delapieve & Reis, 2012. Belonidae. Distribution: Río Ucayali, Peru and Rio Solimões, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Potamorrhaphis petersi Collette, 1974 – Laguna Coco needlefish [=Potamorrhaphis petersi Collette [B. B.], 1974:34, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 87 (no. 5); ref. 7496] Laguna Coco northeast of Puerto Inírida, pool near junction of Río Guaviare and Río Inírida, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Potamorrhaphis petersi Collette, 1974. Belonidae. Distribution: Upper Orinoco and Negro River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Pseudotylosurus Fernandez-Yepez, 1948 - needlefishes [=Pseudotylosurus Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:72, Deltatylosurus Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1954:4] Notes: [ref. 1317]. Masc. Pseudotylosurus brasiliensis Fernández-Yépez, 1948. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Pseudotilosurus in title. •Valid as Pseudotylosurus Fernández-Yépez, 1948 -- (Collette 1974 [ref. 7131], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Britski et al. 1999:141 [ref. 24147], Lovejoy & de Araújo 2000:260 [ref. 31786], Lovejoy & Collette 2001:327 [ref. 25232], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Valid as Pseudotylosurus Fernández-Yépez, 1948. Belonidae. (Deltatylosurus) [ref. 2900]. Masc. Deltatylosurus guayoensis Martin, 1954. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Pseudotylosurus Fernández-Yépez, 1948 -- (Collette 1974:171 [ref. 7131], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudotylosurus Fernández-Yépez, 1948. Belonidae.

Species Pseudotylosurus angusticeps (Gunther, 1866) – Ecuadorian needlefish [=Belone angusticeps Günther [A.], 1866:238, Pseudotylosurus brasiliensis Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:72] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Coast of Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Pseudotylosurus angusticeps (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Distribution: South America. Upper Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basins: Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Two records from lower Amazon. Habitat: freshwater. (brasiliensis) [Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle v. 8 (no. 21); ref. 1317] Junction of Rio Xingú with Amazon River at Pôrto do Moz, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pseudotylosurus angusticeps (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudotylosurus microps (Gunther, 1866) – Surinam needlefish [=Belone microps Günther [A.], 1866:237, Belone amazonica Steindachner [F.], 1876:94 [66], Deltatylosurus guayoensis Martín Salazar [F. J.], 1954:5, Fig.] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Suriname. Current status: Valid as Pseudotylosurus microps (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Distribution: South America: primarily a species of the Orinoco, Guianas, and lower Amazon (Araguaia, Xingú, Negro, and Branco); one record from the upper Amazon. Habitat: freshwater. (amazonica) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Tajapuru, Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Pseudotylosurus microps (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater. (guayoensis) [Contribuciones ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas Serie Zoológica No. 14; ref. 2897] Channel of the Orinoco River, near Misíon de Guayo, Estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Pseudotylosurus microps (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824 - needlefishes [=Strongylura van Hasselt [J. C.], 1824:374, Dorybelone Fowler [H. W.], 1944:215, Lewinichthys Whitley [G. P.], 1933:67, Rhaphiobelone Fowler [H. W.], 1934:322, Stenocaulus (subgenus of Tylosurus) Ogilby [J. D.], 1908:91] Notes: [ref. 5964]. Fem. Strongylura caudimaculata van Hasselt, 1824. Type by monotypy. Strongylura has not been demonstrated to be monophyletic (Boughton et al. 1991 [ref. 26766] and Lovejoy 2000 [ref. 26767]). •Valid as Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824 -- (Parin 1967:22 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:10 [ref. 7415], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:78 [ref. 6441], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Paxton et al. 1989:342 [ref. 12442], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Allen 1991:73 [ref. 21090], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:583 [ref. 21590], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:201 [ref. 24550], Collette 1999:2152 [ref. 24785], Lovejoy & Collette 2001:327 [ref. 25232], Collette 2003:1105 [ref. 26981], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306], Banford et al. 2004:834 [ref. 27645], Paxton et al. 2006:717 [ref. 28995], Scharpf 2007:10 [ref. 30398], Gomon 2008:408 [ref. 30616], Morgan 2011:12 [ref. 31262], Kottlelat 2013:298 [ref. 32989] with author as Broié in van Hasselt, Parin et al. 2014:197 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824. Belonidae. (Dorybelone) [ref. 1448]. Fem. Belone stolzmanni Steindachner, 1878. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:204 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824 – (Parin 1967:22 [ref. 10272], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306], Kottlelat 2013:298 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824. Belonidae. (Lewinichthys) [ref. 4677]. Masc. Belone ferox Günther, 1866. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824 -- (Parin 1967:22 [ref. 10272], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306], Kottlelat 2013:298 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824. Belonidae. (Rhaphiobelone) [ref. 1416]. Fem. Rhaphiobelone dammermani Fowler, 1934. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824 -- (Parin 1967:22 [ref. 10272], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306], Kottlelat 2013:298 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824. Belonidae. (Stenocaulus) [ref. 3287]. Masc. Belone krefftii Günther, 1866. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Apparently intended as a subgenus, but text unclear. •Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824 -- (Parin 1967:22 [ref. 10272], Lovejoy & Collette in Reis et al. 2003:587 [ref. 27061], Collette 2003:5 [ref. 27306], Kottelat 2013:298 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Strongylura van Hasselt, 1824. Belonidae.

Species Strongylura anastomella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) – Chinese needlefish [=Belone anastomella Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:446, Belone esocina Basilewsky [S.], 1855:260, Belone gracilis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:246, Pl. 110 (fig. 1), Tylosurus issajewi Gratzianov [V. I.], 1907:243] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] China. Current status: Valid as Strongylura anastomella (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, and the Pacific coast of Japan from Hokkaido to Kyushu. Habitat: marine. (esocina) [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] "Mari Provinciam Shandun'ensem alluente," China. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura anastomella (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (gracilis) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura anastomella (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (issajewi) [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Vladivostok, Russia. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura anastomella (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854) – Californian needlefish [=Belone exilis Girard [C. F.], 1854:149, Strongylura peruana Fowler [H. W.], 1919:3, Fig. 1, Tylosurus sierrita Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:458, Belone stolzmanni Steindachner [F.], 1878:397 [21], Strongylura tahitiensis Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.], 1923:10] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 5769] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California to Peru and the Galápagos Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (peruana) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 71; ref. 1397] Callao Bay, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (sierrita) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 254); ref. 10610] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific, from southern California to Peru and the Galápagos Islands. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (stolzmanni) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 78 (1. Abth.); ref. 4226] Tumbez, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (tahitiensis) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Tahiti, Society Islands [actual probably is Peru]. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Strongylura fluviatilis (Regan, 1903) – Regan's strongylura [=Belone fluviatilis Regan [C. T.], 1903:626] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 72) (art. 64); ref. 13401] Rivers of northwestern Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Strongylura fluviatilis (Regan, 1903). Belonidae. Distribution: Pacific slope of the Andes: Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Strongylura hubbsi Collette, 1974 – Maya needlefish [=Strongylura hubbsi Collette [B. B.], 1974:612, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1974 (no. 3); ref. 7495] Río de la Pasión immediately above mouth of Arroyo de Petexbatúm at Sayaxché, El Petén, Guatemala. Current status: Valid as Strongylura hubbsi Collette, 1974. Belonidae. Distribution: Usumacinta River basin: Guatemala and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) – reef needlefish [=Belone incisa Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:451, Belone leiuroides Bleeker [P.], 1851:479, Belone liuroides Günther [A.], 1866:243, Rhaphiobelone robusta Schultz [L. P.], in Schultz et al., 1953:164, Pl. 17 (fig. a), Tylosurus terebra Whitley [G. P.], 1927:8, Pl. 1 (fig. 6)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Indian Ocean to Samoa, China to Australia. Habitat: marine. (leiuroides) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 16892] Billiton Island [Belitung Island], off Sumatra, East Indies. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (liuroides) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Billiton Island [Belitung Island], off Sumatra, East Indies. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (robusta) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1; ref. 3975] Off Yugui Island, Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (terebra) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 15829] Michaelmas Cay, Great Barrier Reef, off Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura incisa (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Strongylura krefftii (Gunther, 1866) – long tom [=Belone krefftii Günther [A.], 1866:250, Stenocaulus perornatus Whitley [G. P.], 1938:233] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Australia [not Sydney]. Current status: Valid as Strongylura krefftii (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Distribution: Northern Australia and central-southern New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (perornatus) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 4693] Fly River System [not Upper Sepik River], Papua New Guinea. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura krefftii (Günther, 1866). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) – banded needlefish [=Belone leiurus Bleeker [P.], 1850:94, Belone ciconia Richardson [J.], 1846:264, Rhaphiobelone dammermani Fowler [H. W.], 1934:323, Fig. 76, Belone ferox Günther [A.], 1866:242, Belone natalensis Günther [A.], 1866:243, Belone tenuirostris Blyth [E.], 1858:287] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 13402] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Comores and to western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and Sala-y-Gomez Ridge, north to central Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Habitat: brackish, marine. (ciconia) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, Chinese Seas. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (dammermani) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Taal Anchorage, Luzon Island, . Current status: Synonym of Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (ferox) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (natalensis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (tenuirostris) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Near mouth of Hughli [=Hooghly] River, Bay of Bengal, India. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792) – Atlantic needlefish [=Esox marinus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Schöpf), 1792:88, Belone almeida Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.], 1824:226, Belone galeata Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:429, Esox houttuyni Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:88, Esox belone var. houttuyni Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:391, Esox longirostris Mitchill [S. L.], 1818:322, Esox belone var. marinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:391, Belone scrutator Girard [C. F.], 1858:170, Belone timucu Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:426, Belona truncata Lesueur [C. A.], 1821:126, unnumbered plate (apparently 11)] Notes: [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [New York, U.S.A.]. Current status: Valid as Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic from Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Rio de Janeiro, including Central America, but absent from the Bahamas and the West Indies. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (almeida) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (galeata) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (houttuyni W) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (houttuyni B) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (longirostris) [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 5, art. 1); ref. 30214] Hudson River near Albany, New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (marinus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] . Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (scrutator) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10; ref. 1813] St. Joseph's Island, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (timucu) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (truncata) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Philadelphia, Pennsylania, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860) – redfin needlefish [=Belone notata Poey [F.], 1860:293, Strongylura notata forsythia Breder [C. M., Jr.], 1932:3, Fig. 2] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Valid as Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860). Belonidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Subspecies noata from Cuba, Jamaica, and the coast of central America from Mexico to Honduras. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (forsythia) [American Museum Novitates No. 551; ref. 16362] Lake Forsyth, Andros Island, Bahamas. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860). Belonidae. Distribution: Subspecies occurs from the Bahama Islands, southern Florida, and the west to Mobile Bay, Alabama. Habitat: marine.

Species Strongylura scapularis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) – shoulderspot needlefish [=Tylosurus scapularis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:307, Tylosurus jordani Starks [E. C.], 1906:781, Fig. 6] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 1 (for 1881); ref. 2471] Panama Bay, (Pacific) Panama. Current status: Valid as Strongylura scapularis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific, from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica to Guayaquil, Ecuador. Habitat: marine. (jordani) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 30 (no. 1468); ref. 10101] Guayaquil, western Ecuador. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura scapularis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Strongylura senegalensis (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) – needlefish [=Belone senegalensis Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:421, Belone capensis Günther [A.], 1866:247] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Senegal. Current status: Valid as Strongylura senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic, Gulf of Guinea from Senegal to Angola. Habitat: brackish, marine. (capensis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa [probably in error for a locality further north in the eastern Atlantic]. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura senegalensis (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt, 1823) – spot-tail needlefish [=Belone strongylura van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:130, Belone caudimacula Cuvier [G.], 1829:285, Strongylura caudimaculata van Hasselt [J. C.], 1824:374, Belone saigonensis Sauvage [H.-E.], 1879:208] Notes: [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Valid as Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt, 1823). Belonidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, from the east to the west central Pacific, north to Philippines and southern China, south to northern Australia; frequently extending into brackish and freshwaters. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (caudimacula) [Le Règne (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt, 1823). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (caudimaculata) [Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie (Férussac), Paris v. 2; ref. 5964] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt, 1823). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (saigonensis) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 3; ref. 13259] Mekong River, Saigon, southern Vietnam. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt, 1823). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792) - timucu [=Esox belone var. timucu Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:88, Belone cigonella Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:436, Belone depressa Poey [F.], 1860:296, Belone diplotaenia Cope [E. D.], 1871:481, Tylosurus euryops Bean [T. H.] & Dresel [H. G.], 1884:168, Tylosurus sagitta Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1884:25, Belone subtruncata Poey [F.], 1860:295] Notes: [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Lake Papary, about 24 miles south of Natal, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic, southern Florida (U.S.A.) Bahamas, West Indies, and Central America south to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (cigonella) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Puerto Rico. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (depressa) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (diplotaenia) [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 14 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 920] St. Martin Island, West Indies. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (euryops) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 418); ref. 12727] Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (sagitta) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 402); ref. 12325] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (subtruncata) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana Bay, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Strongylura urvillii (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) – Urville's longtom [=Belone urvillii Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:444, Belone macrolepis Bleeker [P.], 1856:225] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Current status: Valid as Strongylura urvillii (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines east to Solomon Islands, south to New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine. (macrolepis) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 12; ref. 354] Nias Island, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Strongylura urvillii (Valenciennes 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 - needlefishes [=Tylosurus Cocco [A.], 1833:18, Busuanga Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1930:132, Djulongius Whitley [G. P.], 1935:223, Lhotskia Whitley [G. P.], 1933:67, Thalassosteus Jordan [D. S.], Evermann [B. W.] & Tanaka [S.], 1927:651] Notes: [ref. 859]. Masc. Tylosurus cantrainei Cocco, 1833. Type by monotypy. Species spelled cantraine (p. 18) and cantrainei (p. 21), earliest first reviser not researched; later spelled cantraini by Cocco. •Valid as Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 -- (Parin 1967:49 [ref. 10272], Collette & Parin 1970:11 [ref. 7415], Parin 1973:260 [ref. 7191], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:78 [ref. 6441], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:608 [ref. 13676], Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Wu & Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:330 [ref. 23876], Paugy in Lévêque et al. 1992:583 [ref. 21590], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:204 [ref. 24550], Collette 1999:2152 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:1105 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:9 [ref. 27306], Banford et al. 2004:834 [ref. 27645], Paxton et al. 2006:718 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Tylosurus Cocco, 1833. Belonidae. (Busuanga) [ref. 2105]. Fem. Tylosurus philippinus Herre, 1928. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Busuanga is the name of an island, treated as feminine by the author. •Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 -- (Parin 1967:49 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:9 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833. Belonidae. (Djulongius) [ref. 4683]. Masc. Belone melanotus Bleeker, 1850. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 -- (Parin 1967:49 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:9 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833. Belonidae. (Lhotskia) [ref. 4677]. Fem. Belone macleayana Ogilby, 1886. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Lhotskia Whitley, 1933 -- (Parin 1967:40 [ref. 10272]). •Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442] based on placement of type species, Collette 2003:9 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833. Belonidae. (Thalassosteus) [ref. 2454]. Masc. Belone appendiculatus Klunzinger, 1871. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833 -- (Parin 1967:49 [ref. 10272], Collette 2003:9 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus Cocco, 1833. Belonidae.

Species Tylosurus acus (Lacepede, 1803) – Agujon needlefish [=Sphyraena acus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier), 1803:325, 327, Pl. 1 (fig. 3), Belone altipinna Poey [F.], 1860:293, Tylosurus cantrainei Cocco [A.], 1833:18, Pl. (fig. 4), Belona carribaea Lesueur [C. A.], 1821:127, Esox imperialis Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:59, Pl. 9 (fig. 2), Belone jonesii Goode [G. B.], 1877:295, Belone jonesii Günther [A.], 1879:151 [2], Belone latimana Poey [F.], 1860:292, Tylosurus acus rafale Collette [B. B.] & Parin [N. V.], 1970:49, Fig. 12] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Martinique Island or West Indies, western Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas (except eastern Pacific), with 4 subspecies; acus acus occurs in the western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (altipinna) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (cantrainei) [Giornale di Scienze Lettere e Arti per La Sicilia v. 42 (no. 124); ref. 859] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque, 1810). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (carribaea) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Basseterre, near Guadeloupe Island, . Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (imperialis) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Cape Verde Islands [if valid]. Habitat: marine. (jonesii Go) [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 3) v. 14 (no. 82) (art. 50); ref. 13360] Bermuda. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (jonesii Gu) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 3 (no. 14) (art. 15); ref. 13362] Bermuda. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (latimana) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (rafale) [Atlantide Report No. 11; ref. 7415] Off Freetown, Sierra Leone. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern and Central Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Tylosurus choram (Ruppell, 1837) – Red Sea [=Belone choram Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1837:72, Esox belone var. marisrubri Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:391, Belone robusta Günther [A.], 1866:242] Notes: [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus choram (Rüppell, 1837). Belonidae. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine. (marisrubri) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus choram (Rüppell, 1837). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (robusta) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Red Sea; Egypt. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus choram (Rüppell, 1837). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Tylosurus crocodilus (Peron & Lesueur, in Lesueur, 1821) - houndfish [=Belona crocodila Péron [F.] & Lesueur [C. A.], in Lesueur, 1821:129, Esox aaveri Curtiss [A.], 1938:40, Belone annulata Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:447, Pl. 550, Belone coromandelica van Hasselt [J. C.] (ex Cuvier), 1823:331, Belone crassa Poey [F.], 1860:291, Belone cylindrica Bleeker [P.], 1850:13, Belone gerania Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:437, Belone gigantea Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:245, Tylosurus gladius Bean [T. H.], in Goode & Bean, 1882:430, Belone koseirensis Klunzinger [C. B.], 1871:579 [139], Belone melanochira Poey [F.], 1860:294, Belone melanurus Bleeker [P.], 1849:11, Belone raphidoma Ranzani [C.], 1842:359, Pl. 37, Belone timucoides van Hasselt [J. C.], 1824:372, 374] Notes: [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13274] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Red Sea and Hawaiian Islands), but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (aaveri) [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (annulata) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Sulawesi; Tongatapu, Tonga, South Pacific, Seychelles and Puducherry, India. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (coromandelica) [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (crassa) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cylindrica) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (6); ref. 13275] Indonesia: Java; Sumatra (fide Parin 1967 [ref. 10272]). Jakarta; Surabaja; Kammal (Fowler). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (gerania) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Martinique Island, West Indies, western Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (gigantea) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (gladius) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (koseirensis) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (melanochira) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (melanurus) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [8]; ref. 320] Madura Straits near Surabaya and Kammal, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (raphidoma) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 5; ref. 9017] Brazilian seas, southwestern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (timucoides) [Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie (Férussac), Paris v. 2; ref. 5964] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Jordan & Gilbert, 1881 – Mexican needlefish [=Tylosurus fodiator Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:459] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 254); ref. 10610] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert, 1882. Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873) – stout long tom [=Belone gavialoides Castelnau [F. L.], 1873:142, Strongylura fijiense Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.], 1923:13, Belone gracilis Macleay [W.], 1881:243, Belone groeneri Klunzinger [C. B.], 1879:260, Tylosurus howesi Ogilby [J. D.], 1907:12, Tylosurus impotens Ogilby [J. D.], 1908:89, Belone macleayana Ogilby [J. D.], 1886:53] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Fremantle, Western Australia. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873). Belonidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine. (fijiense) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Fiji Islands or Samoa (original label gives Fiji). Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (gracilis) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 6222] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (groeneri) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 22); ref. 18913] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (howesi) [ ref. 19275] Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873). Belonidae. (impotens) [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3287] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (macleayana) [Catalogue of the fishes of New South Wales, with their principal synonyms; ref. 13268] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau, 1873). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. Species Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850) – keeljawed needlefish [=Belone melanotus Bleeker [P.], 1850:94, Belone appendiculatus Klunzinger [C. B.], 1871:580 [140], Strongylura auloceps Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.], 1923:12] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 13402] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Revillagigedo, Clipperton and Cocos islands (eastern Pacific). Habitat: marine. (appendiculatus) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (auloceps) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Fiji Islands or Samoa, South Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) – Pacific agujon needlefish [=Belone pacifica Steindachner [F.], 1876:93 [65], Strongylura galapagensis Fowler [H. W.], 1944:304, Fig. 102] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Acapulco, western Mexico; Panama. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876). Belonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific from the Gulf of California south to Cabo Blanco, Peru and the Galápagos Islands. Habitat: marine. (galapagensis) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Abingdon Island [Pinta Island], Galápagos Islands. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Tylosurus punctulatus (Gunther, 1872) – spotted long tom [=Belone punctulata Günther [A.], 1872:670, Belone brachyrhynchos Bleeker [P.], 1854:61, Tylosurus philippinus Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1928:31, Pl. 2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3); ref. 1997] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther, 1872). Belonidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine. (brachyrhynchos) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref. 16923] Sindangole, Halmahera, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther, 1872). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (philippinus) [Philippine Journal of Science v. 35 (no. 1); ref. 10964] Coron, Busuanga Island, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther, 1872). Belonidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Xenentodon Regan, 1911 - needlefishes [=Xenentodon Regan [C. T.], 1911:332] Notes: [ref. 3641]. Masc. Esox cancila Hamilton, 1822. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1920:540 [ref. 4905]. Xenetodon has generally been considered to be monotypic, but Roberts 1989 [ref. 6439] presented evidence that there are at least two species, X. cancila and X. canciloides, in the genus. •Valid as Xenentodon Regan, 1911 -- (Jayaram 1981:291 [ref. 6497], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Kottelat 1989:16 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:152 [ref. 6439], see Kottelat 1998:109 [ref. 23436], Lovejoy & Collette 2001:327 [ref. 25232], Collette 2003:12 [ref. 27306], Ataur Rahman 2003:71 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:298 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Xenentodon Regan, 1911. Belonidae.

Species Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) – freshwater garfish [=Esox cancila Hamilton [F.], 1822:213, 380, Pl. 27 (fig. 70), Belone graii Sykes [W. H.], 1839:163, Esox (Belone) hindostanicus Falconer [H.], 1868:589, Esox indica McClelland [J.], 1842:582] Notes: [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ponds and smaller rivers of Gangetic provinces [India, Bangladesh]. Current status: Valid as Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822). Belonidae. Distribution: Asia: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Malaysia and Thailand; introduced elsewhere including Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: freshwater. (graii) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1838 (pt 6); ref. 18720] Deccan, India. Current status: Synonym of Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater. (hindostanicus) [Miscellaneous Notes Indian Zoology v. 1; ref. 13399] Nullahs [tempory stream] and stagnant waters at Suharunpore [Sukarumpoor], India. Current status: Synonym of Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater. (indica) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 2 (no. 8); ref. 2926] Loodianah, India. Current status: Synonym of Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Xenentodon canciloides (Bleeker, 1854) – Bleeker's xenentodon [=Belone canciloides Bleeker [P.], 1854:454] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5; ref. 338] Kapuas River, Pontianak, Borneo; Pangaboeang, Lampong, Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Xenentodon canciloides (Bleeker, 1854). Belonidae. Distribution: Asia: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and western Borneo. Habitat: freshwater

***********************************************

Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Athlennes (subgenus of Tylosurus) Jordan [D. S.] & Fordice [M. W.] 1887:342, 345 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 575); ref. 2456] Not available; an incorrect original spelling. See Ablennes Jordan & Fordice 1887 and Opinion 41 in Appendix B in Eschmeyer et al. 1990 [ref. 26735]. •Unavailable generic-group name in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae.

(species) bellone, Esox Linnaeus [C.] 1758:314 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.147 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:215 [ref. 13434]. •Treated as valid as Belone bellone (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Mees 1962:17 [ref. 13277]). •Nomen dubium -- (Collette & Parin 1970:17-18 [ref. 7415], Collette 2003:16 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. Habitat: marine. fasciata, Belone Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:442 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Name mentioned in passing in synonymy and not available; from Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. •In the synonymy of Belone marisrubri (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Mees 1962:44 [ref. 13277]). •In the synonymy of Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur 1821) -- (Parin 1967:58 [ref. 10272], Dor 1984:65 [ref. 29757]). •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:16 [ref. 27306]). japonica, Belone Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1887:293 [37] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 53 (1. abth.); ref. 4249] Not available, mentioned in the synonymy of Belone anastomella Valenciennes 1846. •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. Belonidae. marinus, Acus Müller [P. L. S.] 1774:341 [Des Ritters Carl von Linné vollständiges Natursystem nach der 12ten Ausgabe, und nach Anleitung Houttynischen Werkes, mit einer ausführlichen Erklärung ausgefertigt. 6 vols. 4; ref. 6461] Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 701). Acus used only as a Latin vernacular name in reference to Esox belone Linnaeus 1761; Acus marinus was attributed to Müller but is a Latin translation of the German vernacular name 'Meernadel', used by a subsequent author. Belonidae. mentalis, Belone Klunzinger [C. B.] in Paepke & Seegers 1986:147 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name from catalog for missing specimen ZMB 8182 -- mentioned by Paepke & Seegers 1986:147 [ref. 19981]. •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. oculata, Belone Leschenault [J. B.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:449 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Vizagapatam, India. Name mentioned in passing. Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Belone strongylura van Hasselt 1823 -- (Mees 1962:66 [ref. 13277]). •In the synonymy of Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt 1823) -- (Parin 1967:24 [ref. 10272]). •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. pusillus, Hemiramphus Risso [A.] in Bonaparte 1846:81 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in synonymy of Belone rostrata. •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. rov, Orphie Montrouzier [X.] 1857:482 [204] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] On p. 204 of reprint. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in synonymy under Belone crocodilus; from Woodlark I., South Pacific. •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. staigeri, Belone Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:370 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialites; ref. 13269] Not available, name only. •In the synonymy of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272]). •In the synonymy of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:720 [ref. 28995]). •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. tyrannus, Belone Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:370 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialites; ref. 13269] Name only, not available; from Queensland, Australia. •In the synonymy of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442] as tyranus). •In the synonymy of Lhotskia gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967:41 [ref. 10272] as tyranus). •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae. vorax, Belone Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:370 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialites; ref. 13269] Not available, name only; from Queensland, Australia. •In the synonymy of Tylosurus gavialoides (Castelnau 1873) -- (Parin 1967 [ref. 10272], Paxton et al. 1989:343 [ref. 12442]). •Nomen nudum in Belonidae -- (Collette 2003:17 [ref. 27306]). Belonidae.