FAMILY Belonidae Bonaparte, 1835 - needlefishes [=Belonini, Ramphistomae, Tylosuridae, Strongylurinae, Rhamphistomidae, Petalichthyidae] Notes: Belonini Bonaparte, 1835:[19] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) Belone [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1] Ramphistomae Swainson, 1838:303, 307 [ref. 4302] (no family-group name) [if a family-group name based on Raphistoma Rafinesque (as Ramphistoma), then invalid, Article 39] Tylosuridae Starks, 1906:781 [ref. 10101] (family) Tylosurus Strongylurinae Fowler, 1925:3 [ref. 1401] (subfamily) Strongylura Rhamphistomidae de Buen, 1926:58 [ref. 5054] (family) Raphistoma Rafinesque [as Rhamphistoma, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; invalid, Article 39 Petalichthyidae Smith, 1949:129 [ref. 5846] (family) Petalichthys GENUS Ablennes Jordan & Fordice, 1887 - flat needlefishes [=Ablennes (subgenus of Tylosurus) Jordan [D. S.] & Fordice [M. W.], 1887:342, 345] Notes: [ref. 2456]. Masc. Belone hians Valenciennes, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Athlennes by Jordan & Fordice when proposed; corrected by ICZN (Opinion 41). •Valid as Ablennes Jordan & Fordice, 1887 -- (Parin 1967:45 [ref. 10272], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:78 [ref. 6441], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Paxton et al. 1989:341 [ref. 12442], Collette 1999:2152 [ref. 24785], Collette 2003:1105 [ref. 26981], Collette 2003:2 [ref. 27306], Paxton et al. 2006:716 [ref. 28995]). Current status: Valid as Ablennes Jordan & Fordice, 1887. Belonidae. Species Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) – flat needlefish [=Belone hians Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:432, Pl. 548, Tylosurus caeruleofasciatus Stead [D. G.], 1908:3, Pl. 1, Mastacembelus fasciatus Bleeker [P.], 1872:154, Belone maculata Poey [F.], 1860:290, Belone melanostigma Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg), in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:450, Ablennes pacificus Walford [L. A.], 1936:4, Fig. 1b-c, Belone schismatorhynchus Bleeker [P.], 1850:95] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Red Sea and Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (caeruleofasciatus) [New fishes from New South Wales (No. 1); ref. 13271] Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (fasciatus) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (maculata) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (melanostigma) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (pacificus) [Occasional Papers of the Santa Barbara Museum v. 4; ref. 13272] Zihuatanejo, Guerro [not Mazatlán], Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (schismatorhynchus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 13402] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846). Belonidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. GENUS Belone Cuvier, 1816 - needlefishes, garfishes [=Belone Cuvier [G.], 1816:185, Acus Müller [P. L. S.], 1766:341, suppl. p. 5, Acus Müller [P. L. S.], 1774:341, suppl. p. 7, Mastaccembelus Klein [J. T.], 1776:271, Mastacembelus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:581, Raphistoma Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:89] Notes: [ref. 993]. Fem. Esox belone Linnaeus, 1761. Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). Spelled Belona by Lesueur 1821:124 [not researched]. On Official List (Opinion 225). Belone Oken, 1816 suppressed; placed on Official Index (Opinion 225). •Valid as Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Mees 1962:11 [ref. 13277], Collette & Parin 1970:10 [ref. 7415], Parin & Astakhov 1982:279 [ref. 26258], Collette et al. 1984:336 [ref. 11422], Collette & Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:605 [ref. 13676], Collette 2003:2 [ref. 27306], Parin et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Acus 1766) [ref. 3055]. Fem. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 701). •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Acus 1774) [ref. 6461]. Fem. Not available, used only as a Latin common name in reference to Esox belone Linnaeus, 1761. Earliest use as an available genus of Belonidae not researched. See Collette 2003:2 [ref. 27306] for information. Author is P. L. S. Müller. •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Mastaccembelus) [ref. 4919]. Masc. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. Not Mastacembelus of Gronow or Scopoli. •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Mastacembelus) [ref. 4572]. Masc. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1744:21 [ref. 30141], with reference to 'Acus Aldrovandus, Hornfish or Garfish' of Willughby 1686:231, Pl. P.2, fig. 4 [ref. 30164]. Not Mastacembelus of Gronow or Scopoli. •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. (Raphistoma) [ref. 3584]. Neut. Type by being a replacement name. As "Raphistoma R. [Rafinesque] Belone Gr. [Gronow]. " Ramphistoma Swainson, 1838:295, 296 [ref. 4302] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Not available, suppressed by ICZN for purposes of priority and of homonymy; on Official Index (Opinion 225). •In the synonymy of Belone Cuvier, 1816 -- (Parin 1973:258 [ref. 7191] as Ramphistoma, Collette 2003:13 [ref. 27306]). Current status: Synonym of Belone Cuvier, 1816. Belonidae. Species Belone acus Risso, 1827 – Risso's belone [=Belone acus Risso [A.], 1827:443, Belone gracilis Lowe [R. T.], 1839:86, Acus marina Müller [P. L. S.], 1766:141, Pl. H (fig. 2) (v. 2), Esox pinnulatus Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:9, Esox pinnulatus Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Machado, 1857:24] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Portugal (eastern Atlantic). Habitat: marine. (gracilis) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. Habitat: marine. (marina) [Deliciae Naturae; ref. 3055] Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. (pinnulatus C) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. (pinnulatus CinM) [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Belone acus Risso, 1827. Belonidae. Species Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) - garfish [=Esox belone Linnaeus [C.], 1761:126, Hemiramphus balticus Hohnbaum-Hornschuch [R. F. M.], in Hohnbaum-Hornschuch & van der Hoeven, 1843:299, Hemiramphus behnii van der Hoeven [J.], in Hohnbaum-Hornschuch & van der Hoeven, 1843:300, Belone cornidii Günther [A.], 1866:255, Hemiramphus europaeus Yarrell [W.], 1837:506, Fig. 63, Belone euxini Günther [A.], 1866:252, Belone linnei Malm [A. W.], 1877:553, Belone longirostris Schinz [H. R.], 1822:312, Hemiramphus obtusus Couch [R. Q.], 1848:1978, Fig., Belone rostrata Faber [F.], 1829:152, Macrognathus scolopax Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:147, Belone undecimradiata Budge [J.], 1848:384, Pl. 12, Belone vulgaris Fleming [J.], 1828:184, Belone vulgaris Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846:399] Notes: [Fauna Svecica, sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni, ed. II; ref. 13326] European seas. Current status: Valid as Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea, North Sea, eastern Atlantic including Madeira. Habitat: brackish, marine. (balticus) [Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. v. 10; ref. 13331] Kiel, Germany. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (behnii) [Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie. v. 10; ref. 13331] Kiel, Germany. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cornidii) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Coast of Portugal. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (europaeus) [Magazine of Natural History [E. Charlesworth, ed.] (n.s.) v. 1; ref. 13330] Ipswich, Suffolk coast, England. Current status: Synonym of Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761). Belonidae. Habitat: brackish,