AWPA Book of Standards AWPA PROTECTING WOOD SINCE 1904

2015 AWPA Book of Standards AWPA PROTECTING WOOD SINCE 1904

AMERICAN WOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

Cover Photo: Railroad ties being air-seasoned prior to preservative treatment. Since the mid-1800s, wood railroad crossties have been treated with a variety of wood preservatives to extend tie service life from only a few years to more than 33 years on average. Today, there are over 800 million treated wood railroad ties in service across North America, and 22 million or more ties are produced for new track construction and maintenance-of-way each year. Photo credit: Railway Tie Association (www.rta.org). IMPORTANT NOTICE

The information provided in this document is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of experience to understand and interpret its contents in accordance with generally accepted procedures or other professional standards and applicable regulations. No recommendation as to specific products or vendors is made or implied. Improper application of some of the products and chemicals mentioned in AWPA Standards could be hazardous to health or safety. For directions regarding proper application and safe handling of treated wood products, the user should comply with provisions of the CONSUMER INFORMATION SHEET, CONSUMER SAFETY INFORMATION SHEET, and/or MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET which pertains to the treated wood product under consideration. These documents should be available through the source from which you received your treated wood product.

Those who are involved in the production and testing of treated wood products should comply with directions found upon pesticide labels and/or Material Safety Data Sheets which pertain to the pesticide or chemical under consideration. Copies of these documents should be on file at each location at which wood is treated or tested and should be available for inspection by employees or other interested parties. Wood processing and treated wood are regulated by a number of organizations in addition to AWPA (e.g., U.S. EPA, or other Federal, State, or Local Government Agencies). The existence of the AWPA Standards for treated products does not imply that all other regulatory bodies recognize or permit the use of the particular combination of preservatives, processes, and/or wood species listed in the AWPA Standards.

These standards may be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at any time, pursuant to AWPA’s Technical Committee Regulations. In addition, the user’s attention is called to the possibility that compliance with these standards may require the use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of these standards, no position is taken with respect to whether the use of an invention covered by patent rights will be required, and if any such use is required, no position is taken regarding the validity of this claim or any patent rights in connection therewith.

In the judgment of the membership of the American Wood Protection Association, AWPA Standards represent the preferred wood preservation specifications, processes, penetration and retention in the present state of research and technical knowledge. AWPA Standards are voluntary and AWPA has no control over the processes used to employ these standards or because of possible variations in materials, application, and manner of use. Therefore, AWPA cannot be responsible for results of use or performance of products represented as meeting or conforming to these Standards. No representation or warranty is made that the information is technically accurate or sufficient or conforms to any statute, governmental rule or regulation, and further, no representation or warranty is made of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose or against infringement of intellectual property rights. AWPA shall not be liable, beyond the amount of any sum received in payment by AWPA for this document with respect to any claim, and in no event shall AWPA be liable for lost profits or other incidental or consequential damages. AWPA expressly advises that any and all use of or reliance upon the information provided in this document is at the risk of the user.

ISSN 1534-195X

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. For more information, contact AWPA by mail at P.O. Box 361784, Birmingham, Alabama 35236 USA, by telephone at +1-205-733-4077, by email at [email protected], or online at www.awpa.com.

Updates and errata for current edition AWPA Standards are posted at: www.awpa.com/standards/updates.asp (This page intentionally left blank.) AMERICAN WOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION Contents © 2015 All Rights Reserved

TABLE OF CONTENTS: 2015 AWPA BOOK OF STANDARDS

Introduction – Page 1 P4-11: Standard for Petroleum Oil for Blending with Creosote ...... 116 Introduction ...... 1 P5-15: Standard for Waterborne Preservatives ...... 117

Use Category System Standards – Page 5 P8-14: Standard for Oil-Borne Preservatives ...... 123 P18-14: Nonpressure Preservatives ...... 125 U1-15: User Specification for Treated Wood 1. Introduction to the Use Category System ...... 5 P20-15: All Barrier Protection Systems ...... 127 2. Service Conditions for Use Category Designations ...... 6 3. Guide to Treated Wood End Uses ...... 8 P22-14: Standard for Ammoniacal Copper Zinc 4. Standardized Preservatives ...... 12 Arsenate (ACZA) ...... 129 5. Species and Species Groupings ...... 14 P23-14: Standard for Chromated Copper Arsenate 6. Commodity Specifications ...... 19 Type C (CCA-C) ...... 130 A. Sawn Products ...... 20 B. Posts ...... 37 P24-13: Standard for Alkyl Ammonium Compound, C. Crossties and Switchties ...... 43 Waterborne (AAC-W) ...... 132 D. Poles ...... 45 P25-14: Standard for Inorganic Boron (SBX) ...... 133 E. Round Timber Piling ...... 51 F. Wood Composites ...... 53 P26-14: Standard for Alkaline Copper Quat Type A G. Marine Applications ...... 60 (ACQ-A) ...... 134 H. Fire Retardant Treated Products ...... 67 P27-14: Standard for Alkaline Copper Quat Type B I. Nonpressure Applications ...... 69 (ACQ-B) ...... 135 J. Nonpressure Composites ...... 70 P28-14: Standard for Alkaline Copper Quat Type C T1-15: Processing and Treatment Standard (ACQ-C) ...... 136 Introduction ...... 73 P29-14: Standard for Alkaline Copper Quat Type D 1. General Requirements ...... 74 (ACQ-D) ...... 137 2. Treatment ...... 75 3. Results of Treatment ...... 76 P32-15: Standard for Copper Azole Type B (CA-B) ...... 138 4. Preservatives ...... 79 P33-13: Standard for Copper HDO Type A (CX-A) ...... 139 5. Quality Control and Inspection ...... 79 6. Retreatment ...... 79 P34-14: Standard for Copper Naphthenate, 7. Drying After Treatment ...... 79 Waterborne (CuN-W) ...... 140 8. Special Requirements by Commodity ...... 80 P35-10: Standard for Pentachlorophenol (PCP) ...... 141 A. Sawn Products ...... 80 B. Posts ...... 85 P36-11: Standard for Copper Naphthenate (CuN) ...... 142 C. Crossties and Switchties ...... 88 P37-11: Standard for Oxine Copper (Copper 8 D. Poles ...... 90 Quinolinolate) (Cu8) ...... 143 E. Round Timber Piles ...... 97 F. Pressure Treated Composites ...... 99 P38-13: Standard for Alkyl Ammonium Compound, G. Marine Applications ...... 103 Oilborne (AAC) ...... 144 H. Fire Retardant Treated Products ...... 107 P39-14: Standard for 4,5-Dichloro-2-N-Octyl-4- I. Millwork and Manufactured Goods ...... 108 Isothiazolin-3-One (DCOI) ...... 145 J. Nonpressure Composites ...... 109 P40-13: Standard for 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butyl- Carbamate (IPBC) ...... 146 Preservative/Protectant Standards – Page 113 P41-14: Standard for Tebuconazole (TEB) ...... 147 P1/P13-13: Standard for Creosote Preservative ...... 113 P42-13: Standard for Propiconazole (PPZ) ...... 148 P2-13: Standard for Creosote Solution ...... 114 P45-14: Standard for Propiconazole Tebuconazole P3-14: Standard for Creosote-Petroleum Solution ...... 115 Imidacloprid (PTI) ...... 149

P47-14: Standard for DCOI/Imidacloprid/Stabilizer, A6-15: Standard Method for the Determination of Waterborne (EL2) ...... 150 Retention of Oil-Type Preservatives from Small Samples ...... 185 P48-15: Standard for Copper Azole Type C (CA-C) ...... 151 A7-12: Standard Wet Ashing Procedures for P49-15: Standard for Fire Retardant FR-1 (FR-1) ...... 152 Preparing Wood for Chemical Analysis ...... 188 P50-15: Standard for Fire Retardant FR-2 (FR-2) ...... 153 A9-13: Standard Method for Analysis of Treated P51-14: Standard for Zinc Borate (ZB) ...... 154 Wood and Treating Solutions by X-Ray Spectroscopy ...... 189 P52-15: Standard for IPBC-SB-1 (IPBC-SB-1) ...... 155 A12-12: Wood Densities for Preservative Retention Calculations ...... 194 P53-15: Standard for IPBC/PPZ/TEB-SB-1 (IPBC/PPZ/TEB-SB-1) ...... 156 A13-11: Standard Method of Analysis for Acid Number of Naphthenic Acids in Copper Naphthenate ...... 196 P54-09: Standard for Alkaline Copper DCOI (ACD) (withdrawn) ...... 157 A14-11: Standard Method for Determination of Water-Extractable Copper in Copper Naphthenate ...... 199 P55-10: Standard for Alkaline Copper Betaine (KDS) ...... 158 A15-15: Referee Methods ...... 201 P56-10: Standard for Alkaline Copper Betaine Type B (KDS-B) ...... 159 A16-14: Standard Method for Determination of Didecyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) in P57-10: Standard for Alkaline Copper Betaine (KDS) Treated Wood by HPLC ...... 202 (nonpressure use) ...... 160 A17-15: Standard for Determination of Quaternary P58-10: Standard for 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butyl Ammonium Compounds in ACQ Solutions ...... 203 Carbamate/Permethrin (IPBC/PER) ...... 161 A18-12: Standard for Determination of Quaternary P59-11: Standard for Chemically Modified Wood, Ammonium Compounds in Wood by 2-Phase Type A (CM-A) ...... 162 Titration ...... 204 P60-14: Standard for Inorganic Boron, Oilborne A19-14: Standard Method for Sample Preparation for (SBX-O) ...... 163 Determining Penetration of Preservatives in Wood ...... 206

A20-11: Standard Method for Chlorothalonil Assay ...... 208 Hydrocarbon Solvent Standards – Page 165 A21-14: Standard Method for Analysis of Wood and HSA-14: Standard for Hydrocarbon Solvent, Type A ...... 165 Wood Treating Solutions by Inductively Coupled HSC-11: Standard for Hydrocarbon Solvent, Type C ...... 167 Plasma Emission Spectrometry ...... 210 HSF-11: Standard for Hydrocarbon Solvent, Type F ...... 169 A22-12: Standard Method for the Quantitative Determination of Creosote in AWPA P3 Creosote- HSG-11: Standard for Hydrocarbon Solvent, Type G ...... 170 Petroleum Oil Solutions (CPS) ...... 214 HSH-14: Standard for Hydrocarbon Solvent, Type H ...... 172 A26-14: Standard Method for Analysis of Fire Retardant Solutions and Wood by Titration ...... 216 Analysis Method Standards – Page 175 A28-14: Standard Method for Determination of Propiconazole and Tebuconazole in Waterborne A1-15: Standard Methods for Analysis of Creosote Formulations and in Treating Solutions by HPLC ...... 218 and Oil-Type Preservatives ...... 175 A30-14: Standard Method for the Determination of A2-15: Standard Methods for Analysis of Waterborne 4,5 Dichloro-2-N-Octyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One Preservatives and Fire-Retardant Formulations ...... 176 (DCOI) in Wood by High Performance Liquid A3-15: Standard Methods for Determining Chromatography (HPLC) ...... 220 Penetration of Preservatives and Fire Retardants ...... 177 A31-15: Standard Methods for the Analysis of A4-11: Standard Methods for Sampling Wood Solutions and Wood for Azoles by Gas Preservatives ...... 178 Chromatography (GC) ...... 223 A5-15: Standard Methods for Analysis of Oil-Borne A32-10: Standard Method for Measuring Losses of Preservatives ...... 184 Inorganic Preservatives from Treated Wood ...... 227

A33-14: Standard Method for the Analysis of A53-11: Standard Method for the Determination of N-Cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxide (HDO) in the Amount of Xylene Insoluble Matter in Creosote Concentrates and Treating Solutions by Colorimetry ...... 228 and Creosote Solutions...... 273 A34-14: Standard Method for the Analysis of A54-11: Alternate Standard Method for the N-Cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxide (HDO) in Wood Determination of the Amount of Xylene Insoluble Treated with HDO Containing Solutions by HPLC ...... 230 Matter in Creosote and Creosote Solutions ...... 275 A35-12: The Determination of the Propensity of a A55-11: Standard Method for the Determination of Ready-To-Use Oilborne/Oil-Type Wood Preservative the Specific Gravity of Oil-Type Preservatives...... 277 Treating Solution to Form Stable Emulsions ...... 232 A56-11: Standard Method for the Determination of A36-14: Standard for Determination of Quaternary the Specific Gravity of Distillation Fractions and Ammonium Compounds in Wood by Potentiometric Residue ...... 278 Back-Titration Using Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and A57-11: Standard Method for the Determination of Hyamine 1622 ...... 234 Water in Oil-Type Preservatives ...... 280 A37-14: Standard for Determination of Quaternary A58-11: Standard Method for Determining Ammonium Compounds in Wood and Wood Treating Conformance of Distillation Fractions of Creosote or Solutions by Potentiometric Titration Using Sodium Creosote Solution to Specific Gravity Requirements ...... 282 Tetraphenylborate ...... 238 A59-11: Standard Method for the Determination of A40-13: Standard Methods for Determination of Ammonia in Ammoniacal Preservatives and Fire Boron Trioxide in Treating Solutions and Treated Retardant Formulations ...... 283 Wood by Potentiometric Titration with Sodium Hydroxide ...... 243 A60-11: Standard Method for the Determination of Arsenic in Arsenic Containing Preservatives ...... 284 A41-12: Standard Method for Determination of Naphthenic Acid in Copper Naphthenate in Wood A61-11: Standard Method for the Determination of and Treating Solutions by Gas Chromatography ...... 246 Copper in Copper Containing Preservatives ...... 286 A42-14: Standard Method for Determination of A62-11: Standard Method to Determine the pH of Technical Permethrin and Permethrin Isomers by Waterborne Treating Solutions ...... 288 HPLC Using UV Detection ...... 250 A63-11: Standard Method to Determine the Valency A43-14: Standard Method for Analysis of State of the Arsenic Component of Arsenic Imidacloprid in Wood and Waterborne Formulations ...... 253 Containing Solutions ...... 289 A46-14: Standard Method for Determining MCS A64-11: Standard Method to Determine the Amount Stabilizer Concentration in EL2 Treatment Solution of Boron Trioxide in Sodium Borate Wood Samples by Turbidity Measurement ...... 255 Preservatives ...... 290 A47-14: Standard Method for Determination of MCS A65-15: Standard Method to Determine the Amount Stabilizer Concentration in EL2 Treated Wood and of Boron in Treated Wood Using Azomethine-H or Wood Treatment Solutions ...... 256 Carminic Acid ...... 292 A48-15: Standard Method for Analysis of A66-11: Standard Method for Determination of Propiconazole, Tebuconazole and Imidacloprid in Chromium in Chromium Containing Preservatives ...... 294 Solutions and Treated Wood Products by High A67-12: Standard Method for Determination of Performance Liquid Chromatography ...... 259 Carbonate in Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate ...... 296 A49-15: Standard for Determination of Heartwood in A68-12: Standard Method for Determining Pines and Douglas-fir ...... 261 Penetration of Boron-Containing Preservatives and A50-12: Standard Method for Determination of Fire Retardants ...... 298 Percent Bound Acetyl and Free Acetic Acid in A69-12: Standard Method to Determine the Acetylated Wood by High Performance Liquid Penetration of Copper Containing Preservatives ...... 299 Chromatography ...... 263 A70-12: Standard Method to Determine the A51-11: Standard Method for Determining Penetration of Pentachlorophenol Using a Silver- Penetration of Protectant in Acetylated Wood ...... 268 Copper Complex Known as Penta-Check ...... 300 A52-11: Standard Method for the Distillation of

Creosote and Creosote Solutions ...... 269

A71-12: Standard Method to Determine the A89-12: Standard Method for Colorimetric Analysis Penetration of Solvent Used with Oil-Soluble of Copper in Copper Naphthenate Treated Wood or Preservatives ...... 301 Copper Naphthenate Solutions ...... 329 A72-12: Standard Method to Determine the A90-12: Standard Method for the Determination of 3- Penetration of Copper in Wood Using Rubeanic Acid ...... 302 Iodo-2-Propynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) in Treating Solutions ...... 331 A73-12: Standard Method to Determine the Penetration of Phosphorus Containing Fire Retardants ...... 303 A91-12: Standard Method for Determination of Iodine and Chlorine in Wood Using Neutron A74-12: Standard Method to Determine the Presence Activation Analysis ...... 333 of Hexavalent Chromium (VI) in Wood Treated with Chromium Containing Preservatives ...... 304 A92-13: Standard Method for Determining Penetration Using a Fluorescent Dye or Pigment A75-12: Standard Method to Determine the Penetration Surrogate ...... 335 Penetration of Pentachlorophenol in Poles by X-Ray Fluorescence ...... 305 A93-15: Standard Method for using Color Machine Vision to Quantify the Extent of Penetration ...... 336 A76-14: Method for Determining Penetration of Copper-Containing Preservatives ...... 306 A77-12: Beilstein Test for Determining Presence or Miscellaneous Standards – Page 339 Penetration of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in Wood ...... 307 M1-15: Standard for the Purchase of Treated Wood A78-12: Standard Method to Determine the Products ...... 339 Penetration of Boron Containing Preservatives and M2-15: Standard for Inspection of Wood Products Fire Retardants ...... 308 Treated with Preservatives ...... 343 A79-12: Standard Method for Determination of Total M3-15: Standard Quality Control Procedures for Acidity for Calculating Pentachlorophenol in Dry Wood Preserving Plants ...... 354 Chemical ...... 309 M4-15: Standard for the Care of Preservative-Treated A80-12: Standard Method for Determination of Wood Products ...... 360 Alkali Insoluble Material in Pentachlorophenol ...... 311 M6-13: Brands Used on Preservative Treated A81-12: Standard Method for Determination of the Materials ...... 362 Freezing Point of Pentachlorophenol ...... 312 M13-15: Guidelines for a Pole Maintenance Program ...... 363 A82-12: Standard Method for Determination of Pentachlorophenol Solvency ...... 313 M19-11: Standard for Destination Inspections ...... 373 A83-12: Standard Method for Determination of M20-15: Guidelines for Minimizing Oil-Type Wood Chloride for Calculating Pentachlorophenol in Preservative Migration ...... 374 Solution or Wood ...... 315 M21-14: Standard for Quality Control Inspection of A84-12: Standard Method for Determination of Nonpressure Preservative Treated Millwork Products ...... 376 Copper in Copper Naphthenate Solution or in Wood M22-15: Standard for Third-Party Agency Evaluation Treated with Copper Naphthenate ...... 323 of Inspection Data ...... 378 A85-12: Standard Method for Determining M23-13: Third-Party Agency Assessment of Treating Conformance of Co-Solvent Used with Type A Plant Internal Quality Control (IQC) ...... 381 Hydrocarbon Solvents to Leaching Resistance (Pentachlorophenol) ...... 325 M24-15: Standard for Quality Control Inspection of Nonpressure Preservative Treated Composite Wood A86-12: Standard Method to Determine the Products ...... 384 Conformance of Auxiliary Solvent (Co-Solvent) Used with Type C Hydrocarbon Solvent to Water Solubility Requirement ...... 326 Evaluation Standards – Page 387 A87-12: Standard Method of Test for Emulsifiability E1-15: Standard Method for Laboratory Evaluation to of Type A Hydrocarbon Solvents and/or Auxiliary Determine Resistance to Subterranean Termites ...... 387 Solvents Used with Type A Hydrocarbon Solvents ...... 327 E4-15: Standard Method of Testing Water A88-12: Standard Method for Determination of the Repellency of Pressure Treated Wood ...... 396 Copper Content of Copper Soaps ...... 328

E5-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood E24-15: Standard Method of Evaluating the Preservatives to be Used in Marine Applications Resistance of Wood Product Surfaces to Mold (UC5A, UC5B, UC5C); Panel and Block Tests ...... 398 Growth ...... 476 E7-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood E25-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood Preservatives to be Used in Ground Contact (UC4A, Preservatives to be Used Above Ground (UC3B); UC4B, UC4C); Stake Test ...... 402 Decking Test ...... 481 E8-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood E26-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood Preservatives to be Used in Ground Contact (UC4A, Preservatives to be Used for Interior Applications UC4B, UC4C); Post Test ...... 411 (UC1 and UC2); Ground Proximity Termite Test ...... 485 E9-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood E27-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood Preservatives to be Used Above Ground (UC3A and Preservatives to be Used Above Ground (UC3B); UC3B); L-Joint Test ...... 414 Accelerated Horizontal Lap Joint Test ...... 492 E10-15: Standard Method of Testing Wood E28-15: Standard Field Test for Serviceability of Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures ...... 418 Decking ...... 497 E11-15: Standard Method for Accelerated Evaluation E29-15: Antisapstain Field Test Method for Green of Preservative Leaching ...... 429 Lumber ...... 501 E12-15: Standard Method of Determining Corrosion of Metal in Contact with Treated Wood ...... 432 Regulations – Page 507 E13-15: Standard Method of Testing to Determine if AWPA Technical Committee Regulations ...... 507 Lumber has been Pressure Treated with a Water Repellent ...... 435 Annex 1 – Operating Procedures for Accredited Standards Committee O5 ...... 520 E14-15: Standard Method of Evaluating Wood Preservatives in a Soil Bed ...... 436 Guidance Documents – Page 527 E15-15: Accelerated Laboratory Procedures for Evaluating the Efficacy of Diffusible or Volatile A. Data Requirement Guidelines for Listing Wood Internal Remedial Preservatives ...... 441 Preservatives in the AWPA Standards ...... 527 E16-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood B. Guidelines for Evaluating New Fire Retardants for Preservatives to be Used Above Ground (UC3B); Consideration by AWPA ...... 536 Horizontal Lap Joint Test ...... 444 C. Protocol for Standardization of New Millwork E17-15: Standard Method for Determining Corrosion Preservative Systems ...... 540 Rates of Metals in Contact with Treating Solution ...... 448 D. Protocol for Standardization of New Wood E18-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood Preservative Finishes ...... 542 Preservatives to be Used Above Ground (UC3B); E. Recommended Method for Determining the Ground Proximity Decay Test ...... 450 Treatability of a Species for Inclusion in the AWPA E19-15: Standard Method for Determining Use Category System Commodity Specifications for Preservative Fixation of Inorganic Waterborne Wood Sawn Material ...... 545 Preservatives ...... 455 F. Guidelines for Evaluating Composite Wood E20-15: Standard Method for Determining the Products Preservative Treated Using Nonpressure Depletion of Wood Preservatives in Soil Contact ...... 457 Processes ...... 547 E21-15: Standard Field Test for Evaluation of Wood G. Surface Applied Wood Preservative Finish Preservatives to be Used for Interior Applications Performance Testing Guidelines ...... 552 (UC1 and UC2); Full-Size Commodity Termite Test ...... 460 H. Evaluating Preservatives for Remedial Treatment ...... 555 E22-15: Standard Accelerated Laboratory Method for I. Reaffirmation Requirement Guidelines ...... 559 Testing the Efficacy of Preservatives Against Wood Decay Fungi Using Compression Strength...... 465 J. Preservatives Review Board Procedures (suspended) ...... 562 E23-15: Accelerated Method of Evaluating Wood Preservatives in Soil Contact ...... 472 K. Data Requirement Guidelines for Solvents Used with Oil-borne Preservatives ...... 563

L. Data Requirement Guidelines for Listing Factors 0: Unit Conversion Factors ...... 593 Chemically Modified Wood with Enhanced Factors 1: Volume and Specific Gravity Conversion Durability in the AWPA Standards ...... 569 Tables for Creosote and Creosote Solution ...... 594 M. Data Requirement Guidelines for Evaluating Factors 2: Abridged Volume and Specific Gravity Performance Enhancing Additives (PEA) ...... 577 Correction Tables for Petroleum Oils and N. Data Requirements for Listing Thermally Pentachlorophenol and Copper Naphthenate Modified Wood with Enhanced Durability in the Solutions ...... 596 AWPA Standards ...... 579 Factors 3: Volumes of Round Forest Products ...... 600

Factors 4: Volume Correction Table for Creosote- Other Information – Page 586 Petroleum Solutions ...... 614 List of Technical Committees ...... 586 Factors 5: Volume Correction Factors for Technical Committee Application ...... 587 Preservative Salt Solutions ...... 615 AWPA Standardization Proposal Form ...... 588 Factors 6: Miscellaneous Conversion Factors and Correction Tables ...... 616 Publications List and Order Form ...... 589 Factors 7: Approximate Pole Weight Tables ...... 618 AWPA Membership Application ...... 591 Glossary of Terms Used in Wood Protection ...... 625

Recently Withdrawn AWPA Standards

A38-04: Standard Method for Determination of P9-10: Standards for Solvents and Formulations for Organic PXTS in Treated Wood by HPLC with UV Detection Preservative Systems A39-05: Standard Method for Determination of P19-04: Standard for Oligomeric Alkylphenol Polysulfide PXTS in Wood Treatment Solutions by HPLC with (PXTS) Preservative UV Detection P21-11: Standard for Acid Copper Chromate (ACC) A44-08: Standard Method for Determination of P30-08: Standard for Copper bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) Cyproconazole in Solventborne Wood Treating (CDDC) Solutions by HPLC P43-08: Standard for Chlorpyrifos (CPF) A45-08: Standard Method for Determination of Cyproconazole in Wood Extracts by HPLC P44-08: Standard for Permethrin (PER) E6-05: Standard Method for Determining the P46-08: Standard for Cyproconazole (CPZ) Equilibrium Moisture Content of Treated Wood P54-09: Standard for Alkaline Copper DCOI (ACD) M18-05: Standard Quality Control Procedures for

Permanent Wood Foundation Materials

Notes:

AWPA "C Standards" (e.g., C1, C2, C9, etc.) were last updated during the Fall 2002 Standardization Cycle and final editions were printed in the 2003 and 2004 AWPA Books of Standards. All specifications for treated wood products from the C Standards are now found in the AWPA Use Category System Standards U1 and T1. If you are a specifier, you may simply change all of your C Standard references to AWPA Standard U1. If you are a manufacturer of treated wood products, you will need to refer to Standard T1 for the treating requirements to enable you to determine conformance to Standard U1. If references to the C Standards are still needed, individual standards may be purchased online at www.awpa.com or by contacting AWPA to purchase older editions of the Book of Standards.

AWPA "F Standards" (e.g., F1, F2, etc.) were withdrawn as AWPA Standards during the Fall 2008 Standardization Cycle, and are now printed as "Factors" tables in the back of the AWPA Book of Standards.

About AWPA Standards. Accreditation by ANSI simply demonstrates that The American Wood Protection Association is an AWPA’s standards development process is open, consensus- international, non-profit, technical society founded in 1904 to based, and affords each participant with due process. For provide a common forum for the exchange of technical more information on ANSI or Accreditation of Standards information between industry, research and users of treated Developing Organizations, please visit www.ansi.org wood. AWPA is the principal Standards-writing body for Technical Committee Regulations methods, preservatives, and other technologies which protect The AWPA Technical Committee Regulations, found in wood and wood-based products. Individuals with various this Book of Standards, detail the operating procedures for areas of interest including consumers, end-users, government, the committees involved in standards development. academia, specifiers and producers meet on a regular basis to develop and maintain these Standards for preservatives and Guidance Documents other protectants, treatments, testing methods, quality control AWPA Guidance Documents contain specific guidelines and inspection procedures for treated wood products. AWPA for evaluating and/or standardizing new wood preservatives, relies on the expertise of and information voluntarily fire retardants, millwork preservatives and preservative developed by technically qualified members. finishes. These guidelines have been developed and are used AWPA Standards help enhance product quality and build by the technical committees for the sole purpose of assisting the confidence of product end-users. These standards are individuals and organizations in proposing new or revised recognized and used by most, if not all, specifiers of treated Standards to AWPA’s Technical Committees for an impartial wood including electrical utility, marine, road and building evaluation of new products brought to the Association. construction as well as by local, state and federal governments through the use of the major model building Purpose of AWPA Standards codes. This Book of Standards is intended for use by the wood AWPA believes that an open, consensus process is preserving industry as well as for guidance of the purchaser necessary to ensure development of technically competent, in specifying and obtaining adequately treated wood credible standards. Membership in the Association is open to products. Generally, all wood products may be subjected to all interested individuals. The Standards development wood destroying organisms such as decay fungi, insects and meetings are open to all persons whether they are members of marine borers in service. The purpose of these Standards is the Association or not. to ensure that wood products are treated with suitable preservatives and/or other protectants for reasons of safety, service and savings resulting from unnecessary and expensive replacements.

Organization and Use of AWPA Standards In the AWPA Book of Standards, the different types of Standards are presented in a logical order. First, the Use Category System Standards are shown, followed by Preservative Standards. Next, Analytical, Miscellaneous, and Evaluation methods are presented. The letters “AWPA”, the designation of its standards (e.g. U1, P5), Use Categories ANSI Accreditation (e.g. UC3B, UC4A), and other AWPA nomenclature are AWPA is an ANSI Accredited Standards Developer. trademarks of the American Wood Protection Association. This means that the procedures which govern our Standards When referring to or marking products using an AWPA development process (the Technical Committee Regulations) Standard or associated nomenclature, that product must meet have been reviewed by the American National Standards all applicable requirements of that Standard. Although these Institute (ANSI) and are found to be in conformance with the trademarks are owned by AWPA, a royalty-free license is ANSI Essential Requirements. This contains the elements of granted to use them if, and only if, the product fully meets or due process, consensus, public review, consideration of exceeds the requirements of the applicable AWPA Standard. viewpoints, incorporation of proposed changes into a Standard, and a right to appeal by any participant. ANSI Use Category System Standards (U1 and T1): The Use Accreditation does not imply that all AWPA documents are Category System Standards are the culmination of many American National Standards, nor does it mean that ANSI years’ efforts to simplify the specification of treated wood writes or reviews the technical content of any AWPA products. Under the previously used Commodity Standards

(C Standards) the user would specify a different Standard for testing preservatives. These tests encompass methods for the each type of product. With 36 different C Standards, there determination of physical properties, chemical composition, was a significant degree of error in product specifications. purity of preservatives, and the results of treatment; i.e., The Use Category System took all of the information from preservative retention and penetration in the treated product. the C Standards, and put the information for users into Standard U1, and the information for manufacturers Miscellaneous Standards (M Standards): These AWPA (primarily wood treaters) in Standard T1. Standards are indeed miscellaneous, covering many different AWPA Standard U1 is the primary standard for subjects which do not fit into other categories of Standards. specifiers, such as architects and engineers, but also for end A guide for the specification of treated wood products is users and building code officials. This Standard contains the found in Standard M1. Please note that this document is for information needed by specifiers in order to select a product guidance only and is not to be construed as a manufacturing that best suits their needs. It begins by defining the various requirement. Inspection requirements and quality control Use Categories (UC), which are the service conditions to procedures are found in Standards M2, M3, M19, M21, M22 which wood and wood-based products are exposed. Section and M23. For information on the proper use and care of 3 of Standard U1 provides a guide to the different types of treated wood products, Standard M4 provides the products used, and lists recommended Use Categories. requirements for handling and post-fabrication procedures. Sections 4 and 5 list preservatives and wood species found in When products must be branded (e.g., utility poles and the Standard. Section 6 contains the actual specifications for piling) the requirements in Standard M6 apply. Standard each type of product in the various Use Categories, with M13 is a guideline document for the development of a utility retention values for each species/preservative combination pole maintenance program, and is geared to the needs of and any special requirements which may apply. The AWPA utility personnel. Use Category System and the various Use Categories (UC) described in AWPA Standard U1 are trademarks of the Evaluation Standards (E Standards): These research American Wood Protection Association, and a royalty-free and development methods encompass laboratory and field license is granted to use the UC mark if, and only if, the tests for evaluation of the biological permanence, leaching product meets or exceeds the requirements of AWPA and corrosion, and overall efficacy. Many of these methods Standard U1. are used to develop data required for submission to AWPA’s Standard T1 contains the requirements for Technical Committees for adoption of a preservative system manufacturing products in accordance with Standard U1. in AWPA’s Standards. For more information on the Limitations for the different processes used to protect the requirements for testing new wood preservative systems, wood, such as temperature and pressure limitations, incising consult the Appendices to the AWPA Technical Committee requirements, and many other parameters are found in this Regulations. Standard. Conversion Factors and Correction Tables: These Preservative/Protectant Standards (P Standards): informative (non-standard) factors and tables are useful when There are several types of preservatives/protectants described adjusting preservative solution makeup, and estimating the in AWPA Standards. The first type is creosote-based systems, volume of roundwood products in a treating charge. In which include creosote itself, as well as the creosote addition, there is a table of weights for several species of solutions and creosote-petroleum solutions. There are also utility poles treated with a few common wood preservatives. oilborne preservatives, which are typically an active ingredient, such as pentachlorophenol or copper naphthenate, Glossary: While not an AWPA Standard, the Glossary dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent, which acts as a carrier to of Terms Used in Wood Preservation is helpful in transport the active ingredient(s) deep into the wood fiber. In understanding not only the terminology used in this book, but a similar manner, waterborne preservative systems consist of also some of the common language used in the field of wood an active ingredient dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous protection. solution, where water is the primary carrier for the active ingredient(s). Common waterborne preservative systems Specifying Treated Wood Products include, but are not limited to CCA, CA, ACQ, EL2 and PTI. When purchasing products or developing specifications for wood products, be sure to state the specific AWPA Hydrocarbon Solvents (HS Standards): These Standard designation which applies. AWPA is the only Standards provide the specifications for several hydrocarbon standards development body for treated wood products which solvents used as carriers in organic (carbon-based) promulgates standards in an open process in which the preservative systems, such as pentachlorophenol or copper performance of the treated wood product based on sound, naphthenate. scientific principles is paramount. AWPA’s Technical Committees provide peer review of wood protection Analytical Methods (A Standards): These methods are technologies, and no data may be withheld from useful for determining conformance of products to other consideration unless the committees accept the explanation of AWPA Standards and specify the acceptable procedures for the proponent for failing to provide all relevant information.

Only those species and preservatives are listed in a Units of Measurement in AWPA Standards commodity specification that have previously been found The primary unit of measurement in AWPA’s Book of suitable for use in a particular application, or for which test Standards is usually the SI (metric) unit, with corresponding information has been submitted to warrant their inclusion. Imperial (English) units shown in parentheses. In many If specifying a treated wood product, Standard U1 is the cases, SI and Imperial units have been placed in separate appropriate reference. The commodity specifications within tables. Some standards will show Imperial units as primary Standard U1 contain retention values for each preservative or as the only unit. and species combination which are appropriate for a particular use category. For example, if specifying sill plates Acknowledgement for residential construction, the specifier would likely AWPA promulgates the Standards developed by its determine that Use Category 2 is the correct exposure. A Technical Committees in an open, consensus-based process. very simple specification permitting the use of all appropriate AWPA gratefully acknowledges the hard work of its species/preservative combinations might be written, “All Technical Committee officers and members, who willingly lumber for sill plates shall be treated with waterborne give up their time and employ their expertise to develop preservatives to the requirements for Use Category 2 (UC2) Standards that enhance the service life of wood products, in accordance with AWPA Standard U1.” However, if the leading to greater public safety and a more responsible use of specifier has a particular species and preservative in mind, our greatest renewable resource – our forests. In addition, we the specification can be slightly more detailed: “All lumber acknowledge with thanks ASTM's permission to print several for sill plates shall be Southern pine treated with inorganic figures from withdrawn ASTM Standards in connection with boron (SBX) to the requirements for Use Category 2 (UC2) AWPA Standards. in accordance with AWPA Standard U1.” The specifier may go on to include additional information, such as requirements References to AWPA Standards for third-party auditing in accordance with the Treated Wood Several AWPA Standards refer to standards established Program of the American Lumber Standard Committee by other organizations. Likewise, the standards of other (ALSC). organizations may refer to AWPA Standards. Users of AWPA In addition to AWPA Standards, a specifier may choose Standards may want to contact other standard-setting to include additional requirements for treated wood products organizations for more information. The list of organizations used for special applications, such as aquatic environments. known to have references to AWPA Standards is as follows: A "Best Management Practices" (BMP) document has been developed by the Western Wood Preservers Institute (WWPI) AASHTO (American Association of State Highway & specifically for treated wood used in aquatic and other Transportation Officials) sensitive environments. This and other pertinent information 444 North Capital Street, NW is available on the WWPI website: www.wwpinstitute.org. Washington, DC 20001-1512 When a wood treater is specifying a preservative, (202) 624-5800 hydrocarbon solvent, or barrier protection system, the specifier would need to refer to the appropriate “P Standard”. American Forest & Paper Association Analytical methods are often specified to provide direction 1101 K Street, NW, Suite 700 as to the type of analysis required, or to limit the analysis to Washington, DC 20005 the most reliable method. Evaluation methods are specified (202) 463-2700 by AWPA’s Technical Committees for the purpose of web site: www.afandpa.org generating data in order to obtain a preservative listing in ALSC (American Lumber Standard Committee, Inc.) AWPA Standards. Miscellaneous Standards are specified for P.O. Box 210 various reasons, depending on the content of the Standard. Germantown, MD 20875-0210

(301) 972-1700 Fax: (301) 540-8004 Modifications to AWPA Standards e-mail: [email protected] As mentioned previously, AWPA Standards are web site: www.alsc.org developed in an open, consensus-based process. The principle of openness dictates that no one is excluded from AWC (American Wood Council) the process. One is not required to be a member of AWPA to 222 Catoctin Circle SE Suite 201 propose a revision to an AWPA Standard, to propose a new Leesburg, VA 20175 AWPA Standard, or to propose the deletion of an AWPA (202) 463-2766 Fax: (202) 463-2791 Standard. Furthermore, all of AWPA’s Technical Committee e-mail: [email protected] meetings are open to all individuals with an interest in the web site: www.awc.org development of AWPA Standards. The Technical Committee

Regulations governing AWPA Standards development and the required forms are found in this book, as well as on the

AWPA website: www.awpa.com

ANSI (American National Standards Institute, Inc.) RTA (The Railway Tie Association) 1899 L Street, NW, 11th Floor 115 Commerce Drive, Suite C (202) 293-8020 Fayetteville, Georgia 30214 web site: www.ansi.org (770) 460-5553 Fax: (770) 460-5573 e-mail: [email protected] AREMA (American Railway Engineering and Maintenance- web site: www.rta.org of-Way Association) 4501 Forbes Blvd, Suite 130 SPTA (Southern Pressure Treaters Association) Lanham, MD 20706 PO Box 1784 (301) 459-3200 Fax: (301) 459-8077 Starkville, Mississippi 39760 (601) 405-1116 Fax: (662) 205-8589 ASTM International web site: www.spta.org 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 WDMA (Window and Door Manufacturers Association) (610) 832-9500 Fax: (610) 832-9555 2025 M Street NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (202) 367-1157 Office of Pesticide Programs e-mail: [email protected] 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW web site: www.wdma.com Washington, DC 20460 (703) 305-7090 WMMPA (Wood Molding and Millwork Producers web site: www.epa.gov/oppad001/ Association 507 First Street HPVA (Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association) Woodland, California 95695 1825 Michael Faraday Drive (530) 661-9591 Fax: (530) 661-9586 Reston, VA 20190 web site: www.wmmpa.com (703) 435-2900 Fax: (703) 435-2537 WWPI (Western Wood Preservers Institute) ICC (International Codes Council) 12503 SE Mill Plain Blvd, Suite 205 500 New Jersey Ave, NW 6th Floor Vancouver, WA 98684 Washington, DC 20001 (360) 693-9958 Fax: (360) 693-9967 (888)422-7233 Fax: (703)379-1546 e-mail: [email protected] web site: www.iccsafe.org web site: www.wwpinstitute.org

 This AWPA Book of Standards is published by the American Wood Protection Association, Inc. P.O. Box 361784 Birmingham, AL 35236-1784 205-733-4077 FAX: 205-733-4075 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.awpa.com

Note — In the judgment of the membership of the American Wood Protection Association, AWPA Standards represent the preferred wood preservation specifications, processes, penetration and retention in the present state of research and technical knowledge. AWPA Standards are voluntary and AWPA has no control over the processes used to employ these standards or because of possible variations in materials, application, and manner of use. Therefore, AWPA cannot be responsible for results of use or performance of products represented as meeting or conforming to these Standards.

Important — Wood processing and treated wood are regulated by a number of organizations in addition to AWPA (e.g., U.S. EPA, State and Local governments, etc.) The existence of the AWPA Standards for treated products does not imply that all other regulatory bodies recognize or permit the use of the particular combination of preservatives, processes, and/or wood species listed in the AWPA Standards.

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