NAM 2020 Annual Meeting Donor Listing Consolidated Final Version

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NAM 2020 Annual Meeting Donor Listing Consolidated Final Version 2019 Honor Roll of Donors We gratefully acknowledge the following members and friends who have made generous charitable lifetime contributions. Their collective, private philanthropy enhances the impact of the Academies as advisor to the nation on matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Recently, three new giving societies were introduced, recognizing donors at $250,000 and above. Boldfaced names are NAM members. The Lincoln Society In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $1,000,000 or more to the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine. Bruce and Betty Alberts Irwin and Joan Jacobs Richard L. and Hinda G. Richard and Rita Atkinson Robert L. and Anne K. Rosenthal* Norman R. Augustine James Martine A. Rothblatt Craig and Barbara Barrett Kenneth A. Jonsson* Jack W. and Valerie Rowe Jordan* and Rhoda Baruch Fred Kavli* Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.* Prize Fund of the Russ Arnold and Mabel Tillie K. Lubin* College of Engineering Beckman* Whitney* and Betty and Technology at Ohio Leonard Blavatnik MacMillan University Harry E. Bovay, Jr.* John F. McDonnell Dame Jillian Sackler Donald L. Bren George P. Mitchell* Raymond* and Beverly Harvey V. Fineberg and The Ambrose Monell Sackler Mary E. Wilson Foundation Bernard and Rhoda Sarnat* Bernard M. Gordon Gordon and Betty Moore Leonard D. Schaeffer Cecil H. Green* Philip and Sima Sara Lee and Axel Schupf Michael and Sheila Held* Needleman James H. and Marilyn William R. and Rosemary B. Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Simons Hewlett* Robert* and Mayari Pritzker John and Janet Swanson Ming and Eva Hsieh Listed below are individuals who became members of the Lincoln Society between January 1 and October 7, 2020: Marci and James J. Truchard Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Darling *Deceased The Franklin Society In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $500,000 to $999,999 to the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine. Rose-Marie and Jack R. Eugene Garfield Foundation Dane* and Mary Louise Anderson* Theodore Geballe Miller John and Elizabeth Penny and Bill George, Oliver E. and Gerda K. Armstrong George Family Nelson* Kenneth E. Behring Foundation Shela and Kumar Patel Gordon Bell Christa and Detlef Gloge William J. Rutter Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout William T.* and Catherine Henry and Susan Samueli Carson Family Charitable Morrison Golden Herbert A. and Dorothea P. Trust Alexander Hollaender* Simon* Charina Endowment Fund Thomas V. Jones* Raymond S. Stata Ralph J.* and Carol M. Cindy and Jeong Kim Roy and Diana Vagelos Cicerone Ralph and Claire Landau Andrew and Erna* Viterbi James McConnell Clark Asta and William W. Lang* Alan M. Voorhees* Henry David* Ruben F.* and Donna Anthony J. Yun and Richard Evans* Mettler Kimberly A. Bazar The Curie Society In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $250,000 to $499,999 to the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine. The Agouron Institute George and Christine Ralph S. O’Connor* W.O. Baker* Gloeckler Kenneth H. Olsen* Warren L. Batts Jerome H.* and Barbara N. Ann and Michael Ramage Elwyn* and Jennifer Grossman Simon Ramo* Berlekamp John O. Hallquist Anne and Walt Robb Daniel Branton John L. Hennessy Matthew L. Rogers and George* and Virginia Chad and Ann Holliday Swati Mylavarapu Bugliarello William R. Jackson* Stephen* and Anne Ryan Clarence S. Coe* Anita K. Jones H.E. Simmons* Rosie and Stirling A. Mary and Howard* Kehrl Judy Swanson Colgate* Kent Kresa Ted Turner W. Dale and Jeanne C. Robin K. and Rose M. Leslie L. Vadasz Compton* McGuire Martha Vaughan Lance and Susan Davis Janet and Richard M.* Charles M.* and Rebecca M. David and Miriam Donoho Morrow Vest Ruth and Victor Dzau Clayton Daniel and Patricia Wm. A. Wulf Dotty and Gordon England L. Mote Anonymous (1) *Deceased The Curie Society (cont.) Listed below are individuals who became members of the Curie Society between January 1 and October 7, 2020: John and Pat Anderson Mark J. Levin Julie and Alton D. Romig, Jr. The Einstein Society In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $100,000 to $249,999 to the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine. Laura E. and John D. Arnold G. Wayne Clough Nan and Chuck Geschke Holt Ashley* Barry and Bobbi Coller Jack and Linda Gill Nadine Aubry and John L. John D. Corbett* Martin E. and Lucinda Batton Ross and Stephanie Corotis Glicksman Francisco J. and Hana Ayala Ruth David and Stan Dains Avram Goldstein* William F. Ballhaus, Sr.* Roman W. DeSanctis Robert W. Gore David Baltimore Robert* and Florence Paul and Judy Gray Thomas D.* and Janice H. Deutsch Corbin Gwaltney Barrow Nicholas M. Donofrio Margaret A. Hamburg and H.H. and Eleanor F. Paul M. Doty* Peter F. Brown Barschall* Charles W. Duncan, Jr. William M. Haney III Donald and Joan Beall George and Maggie Eads Wesley L. Harris Daniel and Frances Berg Robert and Cornelia Eaton George* and Daphne Diane and Norman The Eleftheria Foundation Hatsopoulos Bernstein James O. Ellis, Jr. and Jane E. Henney and Robert Bharati and Murty Elisabeth Paté-Cornell Graham Bhavaraju Emanuel and Peggy Lyda Hill Chip and Belinda Epstein Jane Hirsh Blankenship Thomas E. Everhart Michael W. Hunkapiller Erich Bloch* Peter Farrell Jennie S. Hwang Barry W. Boehm Michiko So* and Lawrence M. Blakeman Ingle Gopa and Arindam Bose Finegold Richard B. Johnston, Jr. David G. Bradley Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Trevor O. Jones Lewis M. Branscomb George and Ann Fisher Thomas Kailath Sydney Brenner* Delbert A. and Beverly C. Yuet Wai and Alvera Kan Malin Burnham Fisher John and Wilma Kassakian Ursula Burns and Lloyd Robert C.* and Marilyn G. Leon K. and Olga Bean Forney Kirchmayer* Chau-Chyun and Li-Li Chen Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Frederick A. Klingenstein John and Assia Cioffi William L. and Mary Kay William I. Koch Paul Citron and Margaret Friend Gail F. Koshland Carlson Citron Christopher Galvin Jill Howell Kramer A. James Clark* William H. and Melinda F. Gates III *Deceased The Einstein Society (cont.) John W. Landis* Jaya and Venky Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Janet and Barry Lang Narayanamurti Arnold and Constance Ming-wai Lau Ellen and Philip Neches Stancell Gerald and Doris Laubach Ronald and Joan Nordgren Richard J. and Bobby Ann David M.* and Natalie Susan and Franklin M. Orr, Stegemeier Lederman Jr. Edward C. Stone Bonnie Berger and Frank David Packard* F. William Studier Thomson Leighton Charles and Doris Pankow* Thomas and Marilyn Sutton Thomas M. Leps* Larry* and Carol Papay Charlotte and Morris Frances and George Ligler Jack S. Parker* Tanenbaum R. Noel Longuemare Arogyaswami J. Paulraj Peter and Vivian Teets Asad M., Gowhartaj, and Edward E. Penhoet Hemant K. and Suniti Jamal Madni Allen E.* and Marilynn Thapar Davis L. Masten and Puckett James M. Tien and Ellen S. Christopher Ireland Richard F. and Terri W. Weston Roger L. McCarthy Rashid Gary and Diane Tooker Michael and Pat McGinnis Alexander Rich* Katherine K. and John J. William W. McGuire Arthur D. Riggs Tracy Burt* and Deedee McMurtry Ronald L. Rivest John C. Wall Marcia K. McNutt Henry M. Rowan* Robert and Joan Wertheim Rahul Mehta Joseph E. and Anne P. Robert M.* and Mavis E. G. William* and Ariadna Rowe* White Miller Jonathan J. Rubinstein John C. Whitehead* Ronald D. Miller Maxine L. Savitz Jean D. Wilson Stanley L. Miller* Walter Schlup* Ken Xie Sanjit K. and Nandita Mitra Wendy and Eric Schmidt Tachi and Leslie Yamada Joe and Glenna Moore David E. Shaw Adrian Zaccaria David* and Lindsay Richard P. Simmons Alejandro Zaffaroni* Morgenthaler Harold C. and Carol H. Sox Peter Zandan Narayana and Sudha Murty Robert F. and Lee S. Sproull Janet and Jerry Zucker Anonymous (3) Listed below are individuals who became members of the Einstein Society between January 1 and October 7, 2020: Cleopatra and Eugen Cabuz Diana S. and Michael D. Jane and Norman N. Li Julie H. and Robert J. King Stella and Steve Matson Desnick Louis Lange Leonard Kent* and Kayleen Edward D. Lazowska and Thomas Lyndsay C. Downs *Deceased The NAM Society In recognition of NAM members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $20,000 to $99,999 to the National Academy of Medicine. $75,000 to $99,999 Jacqueline K. Barton and John K. Castle Gail L. Warden Peter B. Dervan Rudi* and Sonja Schmid $50,000 to $74,999 John R. Ball Bradford H. Gray Samuel O. Thier Stuart Bondurant* and Kathryn S. and Peter S. Kim Robert E. Tranquada Susan Ehringhaus Woodrow A. Myers, Jr. Torsten N. Wiesel Peggy and Thomas Caskey Robert M.* and Marilyn R. Ronald A. Williams Purnell W. Choppin Nerem Elias A. Zerhouni Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Maxine F. Singer Anonymous (2) William H. Danforth Joan A. and Thomas A.* Steitz $20,000 to $49,999 Francois and Doris Abboud Mary Sue Coleman Nancy S. and Thomas S. Nancy Adler and Arnold Molly J. Coye Inui Milstein Jane and Worth B.* The Henry J. Kaiser Family Dyanne D. Affonso Daniels, Jr. Foundation Frances H. Arnold Nathaniel E. David Tadamitsu Kishimoto K. Frank Austen Johanna T. Dwyer Edward A. and Kathryn F. Jack D. Barchas Martha P. and Mark C. Kravitz Paul Berg Fishman Cato and Cynthia Kenneth I. Berns Norman and Deann Gant Laurencin Mary and Dennis Bier Richard L. and Lois E. Ruth Watson Lubic Maureen Bisognano Garwin Patricia and George Floyd E.
Recommended publications
  • 2008 Annual Report
    2008 Annual Report NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING THE FUTURE 1 Letter from the President 3 In Service to the Nation 3 Mission Statement 4 Program Reports 4 Engineering Education 4 Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education 6 Technological Literacy 6 Public Understanding of Engineering Developing Effective Messages Media Relations Public Relations Grand Challenges for Engineering 8 Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society 9 Diversity in the Engineering Workforce Engineer Girl! Website Engineer Your Life Project Engineering Equity Extension Service 10 Frontiers of Engineering Armstrong Endowment for Young Engineers-Gilbreth Lectures 12 Engineering and Health Care 14 Technology and Peace Building 14 Technology for a Quieter America 15 America’s Energy Future 16 Terrorism and the Electric Power-Delivery System 16 U.S.-China Cooperation on Electricity from Renewables 17 U.S.-China Symposium on Science and Technology Strategic Policy 17 Offshoring of Engineering 18 Gathering Storm Still Frames the Policy Debate 20 2008 NAE Awards Recipients 22 2008 New Members and Foreign Associates 24 2008 NAE Anniversary Members 28 2008 Private Contributions 28 Einstein Society 28 Heritage Society 29 Golden Bridge Society 29 Catalyst Society 30 Rosette Society 30 Challenge Society 30 Charter Society 31 Other Individual Donors 34 The Presidents’ Circle 34 Corporations, Foundations, and Other Organizations 35 National Academy of Engineering Fund Financial Report 37 Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants 41 Notes to Financial Statements 53 Officers 53 Councillors 54 Staff 54 NAE Publications Letter from the President Engineering is critical to meeting the fundamental challenges facing the U.S. economy in the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Heritage Foundation
    CHEMICAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION THOMAS E. EVERHART Transcript of an Interview Conducted by David C. Brock and Cyrus Mody As a phone interview and in Santa Barbara, California on 28 March 2007 and 3 May 2011 (With Subsequent Corrections and Additions) ACKNOWLEDGMENT This oral history is part of a series supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This series is an important resource for the history of semiconductor electronics, documenting the life and career of Gordon E. Moore, including his experiences and those of others in Shockley Semiconductor, Fairchild Semiconductor, Intel, as well as contexts beyond the semiconductor industry. This oral history is made possible through the generosity of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This interview has been designated as Semi Restricted Access. One may view the oral history. However, the permission of the interviewee is required to quote from, cite, or reproduce the oral history. Please contact CHF to request permission. Chemical Heritage Foundation Center for Oral History 315 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) serves the community of the chemical and molecular sciences, and the wider public, by treasuring the past, educating the present, and inspiring the future. CHF maintains a world-class collection of materials that document the history and heritage of the chemical and molecular sciences, technologies, and industries; encourages research in CHF collections; and carries out a program of outreach and interpretation
    [Show full text]
  • Michael S. Brown, MD
    DISTINGUISHED PHYSICIANS AND Michael S. Brown, M.D. Sir Richard Roberts, Ph.D. Winner, 1985 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Winner, 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine MEDICAL SCIENTISTS MENTORING Winner, 1988 Presidential National Medal of Science A globally prominent biochemist and molecular biologist, DELEGATES HAVE INCLUDED... Dr. Brown received the world’s most prestigious medical Dr. Roberts was awarded the Nobel Prize for his prize for his work describing the regulation of the groundbreaking contribution to discovering RNA splicing. cholesterol metabolism. His work laid the foundation for Dr. Roberts is dedicating his future research to GMO crops the class of drugs now called statins taken daily by more than 20 million and food sources, and demonstrating the effect they have on humanity. — GRANDg MASTERS — people worldwide. Ferid Murad, M.D., Ph.D. Mario Capecchi, Ph.D. Boris D. Lushniak, M.D., M.P.H Winner, 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Academy Science Director The Surgeon General of the United States (acting, 2013-2014) Winner, 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine A world-renowned pioneer in biochemistry, Dr. Murad’s Winner, 2001 National Medal of Science Rear Admiral Lushniak, M.D., M.P.H., was the United award-winning research demonstrated that nitroglycerin Winner, 2001 Lasker Award States’ leading spokesperson on matters of public health, and related drugs help patients with heart conditions by Winner, 2003 Wolf Prize in Medicine overseeing the operations of the U.S. Public Health Service releasing nitric oxide into the body, thus relaxing smooth Mario Capecchi, Ph.D., a biophysicist, is a Distinguished Commissioned Corps, which consists of approximately muscles by elevating intracellular cyclic GMP, leading to vasodilation and Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Utah School of Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Rich (1924–2015) Biologist Who Discovered Ribosome Clusters and ‘Left-Handed’ DNA
    OBITUARY COMMENT Alexander Rich (1924–2015) Biologist who discovered ribosome clusters and ‘left-handed’ DNA. first came across Alexander Rich worked out the structure of Rich in 1963. He was on the a Z-DNA fragment bound to an cover of that year’s 13 May issue RNA-editing enzyme. He and his Iof Newsweek with his PhD student colleagues also showed how the JOSIAH D. RICH Jonathan Warner. The two of them pathogenicity of the vaccinia virus, had just discovered clusters of ribo- and probably of the smallpox virus, somes called polysomes — crucial correlated with a virus-specific pro- components involved in the build- tein binding to the host’s Z-DNA. ing of proteins. Rich’s interest in the latest Rich, who died on 27 April, was discoveries across diverse disciplines born in 1924 in Hartford, Connecticut was irrepressible. During the 1970s, to immigrant parents from Russia and he worked as an adviser for NASA, Eastern Europe. He grew up during weighing in on projects exploring the Great Depression in Springfield, the possible existence of life on Mars. Massachusetts, attending a technical He also ventured into biotechnology secondary school by day, and work- and co-founded three companies: ing nights at a local rifle factory. At Repligen, Alkermes, and in his 80s, one point, his family went to live at a 3-D Matrix. local YMCA club after being evicted Rich received numerous honorary from their home. Against the odds, degrees and awards, including the US Rich made it to Harvard University National Medal of Science, presented in Cambridge, Massachusetts, grad- to him in 1995 by then US President uating with a bachelor’s degree in Bill Clinton.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular and Cellular Biology Volume 4 - December 1984 C Number 12
    MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY VOLUME 4 - DECEMBER 1984 C NUMBER 12 Aaron J. Shatkin, Editor in Chief(1985) Louis Siminovitch, Editor (1985) Roche Institute of Molecular Biology Hospital for Sick Children Nutley, N.J. Toronto, Canada Harvey F. Lodish, Editor (1986) Paul S. Sypherd, Editor (1985) Whitehead Institute for Biomedical University of California Research Irvine, Calif. Cambridge, Mass. Harold E. Varmus, Editor (1989) David J. L. Luck, Editor (1987) University of California Rockefeller University San Francisco New York, N.Y. EDITORIAL BOARD Renato Baserga (1985) Ari Helenius (1984) Steven McKnight (1986) Milton J. Schlesinger (1986) Alan Bernstein (1984) Susan A. Henry (1985) Robert L. Metzenberg (1985) Phillip A. Sharp (1985) J. Michael Bishop (1984) Ira Herskowitz (1984) Robert K. Mortimer (1985) Fred Sherman (1985) Joan Brugge (1985) James B. Hicks (1986) Paul Neiman (1986) Anna Marie Skalka (1986) Breck Byers (1985) John A. Carbon (1984) Tony Hunter (1986) Harvey L. Ozer (1985) Pamela Stanley (1985) Lawrence A. Chasin (1985) Larry Kedes (1985) Mary Lou Pardue (1985) Joan A. Steitz (1985) Nam-Hai Chua (1985) Barbara Knowles (1986) Mark Pearson (1985) James L. Van Etten (1985) Terrance G. Cooper (1984) Marilyn Kozak (1985) Jeremy Pickett-Heaps (1985) Jonathan R. Warner (1984) James E. Darnell, Jr. (1985) Monty Krieger (1986) Robert E. Pollack (1985) Robert A. Weinberg (1984) Gary Felsenfeld (1985) Elias Lazarides (1985) Keith R. Porter (1985) I. Bernard Weinstein (1985) Norton B. Gilula (1985) John B. Little (1985) John R. Pringle (1985) Harold Weintraub (1985) James E. Haber (1984) William F. Loomis, Jr. (1985) Daniel B. Rifkin (1985) Reed B.
    [Show full text]
  • Primer Requirement and Template Specificity of the DNA Polymerase of RNA Tumor Viruses (Avian Myeloblastosis Virus/Mouse Leukemia Virus/E
    Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 68, No. 7, pp. 1507-1511, July 1971 Primer Requirement and Template Specificity of the DNA Polymerase of RNA Tumor Viruses (avian myeloblastosis virus/mouse leukemia virus/E. coli DNA polymerase/ homopolynucleotides/oligonucleotides) DAVID BALTIMORE AND DONNA SMOLER Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 Communicated by Alexander Rich, April 26, 1971 ABSTRACT Polyribonucleotides will act as efficient way, to prefer polyribonucleotides to polydeoxvribonucleo- templates for the DNA polymerases found in the virions of tides as templates. avian myeloblastosis virus and mouse leukemia virus if a short complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotide primer is MATERIALS AND METHODS added. Synthesis of the complementary polydeoxyribo- nucleotide continues until an amount of polymer equal to Polyribonucleotides were obtained from Miles Laboratories, the amount of initial template has been produced. The Elkhart, Ind.; their concentrations were determined from two viruses show slightly different specificities toward the the extinction coefficients provided by the manufacturer. four homoribopolymers. Polydeoxyribonucleotides are Dr. F. generally much poorer templates than the homologous Polydeoxyribonucleotides were a kind gift of Bollum; polyribonucleotides, in most cases yielding no detectable their concentrations were determined from extinction co- synthesis. The DNA polymerases of RNA tumor viruses, efficients provided by Dr. Bollum. The oligodeoxyribonucleo- therefore, have the same requirements for activity as do tides were a product of Collaborative Research, Waltham, other DNA polymerases, except that they prefer polyribo- Mass., and had chain lengths of 12-16 units (which are indi- nucleotides over polydeoxyribonucleotides as templates. cated as 14 in the text); their concentrations were determined Virions of the RNA tumor viruses contain a DNA polymerase from the extinction coefficients of the respective polydeoxy- (1, 2) which, in the absence of added nucleic acid, synthesizes ribonucleotides.
    [Show full text]
  • History 598, Fall 2004
    Meeting Time: The seminar will meet Tuesday afternoons, 1:30-4:30, in Dickinson 211 Week I (9/14) Introduction: Jeremy Campbell, Grammatical Man Evelyn Fox Keller, Refiguring Life: Metaphors of Twentieth-Century Biology Questions and Themes Secondary Lily E. Kay, "Cybernetics, Information, Life: The Emergence of Scriptural Representations of Heredity", Configurations 5(1997), 23-91 [PU online]; and "Who Wrote the Book of Life? Information and the Transformation of Molecular Biology," Week II (9/21) Science in Context 8 (1995): 609-34. Michael S. Mahoney, "Cybernetics and Information Technology," in Companion to the The Discursive History of Modern Science, ed. R. C. Olby et al., Chap.34 [online] Rupture Karl L. Wildes and Nilo A. Lindgren, A Century of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, 1882-1982, Parts III and IV (cf. treatment of some of the Report: Philipp v. same developments in David Mindell, Between Humans and Machines) Hilgers James Phinney Baxter, Scientists Against Time Supplementary John M.Ellis, Against Deconstruction (Princeton, 1989), Chaps. 2-3 Daniel Chandler, "Semiotics for Beginners" Primary [read for overall structure before digging in to the extent you can] Week III (9/28) Warren S. McCulloch and Walter Pitts, "A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity", Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 5(1943), 115-33; repr. in Machines and Warren S. McCulloch, Embodiments of Mind (MIT, 1965), 19-39, and in Margaret A. Nervous Systems Boden (ed.), The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence (Oxford, 1990), 22-39. Alan M. Turing, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to Report: Perrin the Entscheidungsproblem", Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, ser.
    [Show full text]
  • Investing in UK Health and Life Sciences
    Office for Life Sciences Office for Life Sciences Investing in UK Health and Life Sciences Printed in the UK on recycled paper containing a minimum of 75% post consumer waste. iv Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. www.bis.gov.uk i First published December 2011. © Crown copyright. BIS/Pub/1.0k/12/11.NP. URN 11/1428 Making the UK a world leading place for life sciences innovation Life science – and the UK’s role in it – is at a crossroads. Behind us lies a great history of discovery, from the unravelling of DNA to MRI scanning and genetic sequencing. We can be proud of our past, but this government is acutely aware that we cannot be complacent about the future. Your industry is undergoing profound change. The financial crisis is affecting healthcare budgets in the West, many blockbuster drugs are nearing the end of their patents, and new biological insights have dramatically altered the landscape of discovery and development. As a result of increasing R&D costs, the old ‘big pharma’ model is becoming more difficult to maintain. In its place is a new focus on translational medicine – more early stage clinical trails with patients, more external innovation, more collaboration. We understand that the game has changed – and that the UK must change with it. This country has all the ingredients to be an outstanding location for medical innovation: an integrated National Health Service, unlike any other; a highly competitive tax and investment framework; and an unrivalled science base, with four of the world’s top ten universities here in Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Entire Annual Report (PDF
    WELCOME From the Chair, Mary Lowe Good cience and technology are key to the welfare of our global village. In 2001, we were reminded again of the importance of research to the well-being Sof people everywhere. Forensic genomics, chemical analysis, and other such pursuits—once arcane to all but specialists—became familiar to a larger audience, as news of efforts to understand tragedy reached us through newspapers, televisions, radios and the Internet. Scientific discussion, confined to Victorian-era parlors since the days of Darwinian debate, claimed a more central location on our cultural stage. As the public’s perception of and appreciation for science and technology changes, the AAAS and its membership are preparing to take on a larger leadership role on behalf of science and its applications. The new AAAS rallying cry, “Advancing science • Serving society,” reflects a desire to build more and better bridges between policymakers, scientists, educators, and the average citizen. After all, the population keeps growing while 2001 farmland disappears, and we’re living longer than ever before, demanding better shelter, education, health care, and sanitation. Improved quality of life also requires answers to fundamental mysteries—from our cosmic origins, to our REPORT social and geographic paths as we peopled the Earth. In 2001, basic and applied research delivered practical advances and esoteric knowledge alike: Molecule-sized circuits— ANNUAL so small that billions could fit on today’s computer chips—were named the year’s top scientific achievement, promising 1 computers that translate conversations on the fly, or solve climate-change riddles in a snap.
    [Show full text]
  • 2001 and All That: a Tale of a Third Science
    Karola Stotz: 2001 and all that, draft, 11/24/06 1 2001 and all that: a tale of a third science Karola Stotz Draft, do not cite without permission Word count: w/o references and figures 9,620, total: 12,043 “Last year (2001) will be identified in the history of biology by the publication of the first draft of the complete sequence of the human genome”(Collado-Vides and Hofestaedt 2002, vii) (Collado-Vides and Hofestaedt 2002, vii). “The more we lift the lid on the human genome, the more vulnerable to experience genes appear to be” (Ridley 2003). 1. Introduction In '1953 and all that', one of the seminal papers on the relationship between classical and molecular genetics, Philip Kitcher argued that while molecular genetics has solved the major questions of replication, mutation and the action of genes these celebrated achievements do not fall into either of the traditional categories of theory reduction and explanatory extension (Kitcher 1984). The classical and molecular conceptions of the gene both remain valid. For the last 15 years C. Kenneth Waters has argued relentlessly against the antireductionist consensus that Kitcher helped create (Waters 1990, 1994, 2000, forthcoming a, forthcoming b). According to Waters the molecular gene concept “unifies our understanding of the molecular basis of a wide variety of phenomena, including the phenomena that classical genetics explains in terms of gene differences causing phenotypic differences” (Waters 1994, 163). He identifies the privileged role of the molecular gene in many biological explanations as that of an “actual difference maker” with “causal specificity” (Waters forthcoming b).
    [Show full text]
  • NAM Annual Report 2019
    2019 Annual Report CONTENTS Special Insert: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic 3 Letter from the President 5 2019–2020 Governing Council 7 Organizational Chart 8 The IOM/NAM 50th Anniversary Celebration 9 Program Highlights 10 Responding to Critical & Pressing Issues Confronting the U.S. Opioid Epidemic, 11 Promoting Clinician Well-Being & Resilience, 13 Human Germline Genome Editing, 15 Climate Change & Human Health, 16 Advising the Nation & the World on Health & Health Care Advancing Health Equity, 17 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, 19 Understanding Heterogeneous Treatment Effects, 20 Vital Directions in Health & Health Care, 21 The Future of Nursing, 22 Leading & Inspiring for the Future Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge, 23 Committee on Emerging Science, Technology, & Innovation, 25 Member Highlights 26 Inaugural Election of NAM Officers, 27 Members Inducted in 2019 (Class of 2018), 28 Members Elected in 2019 (Class of 2019), 30 2019 Nobel Laureates, 33 2019 Annual Meeting, 34 In Memoriam, 36 Fellowships & Leadership Programs 37 Awards 42 Finances 47 Donor Appreciation 48 Contact Us 65 2 SPECIAL INSERT Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic As this document entered its final stages of production, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began to spread around the world—quickly becoming the most destructive pandemic in a century. The National Academy of Medicine quickly initiated a short-term reorientation of its existing programs to respond to the diverse and far-reaching health impacts of the pandemic, including in the areas of equity, workforce, aging, vulnerable populations, health system strengthening, and scientific and technological innovation. An “impact map” that guides the NAM’s role and priorities with regard to the COVID-19 response appears below.
    [Show full text]
  • Coding Sequences: a History of Sequence Comparison Algorithms As a Scientiªc Instrument
    Coding Sequences: A History of Sequence Comparison Algorithms as a Scientiªc Instrument Hallam Stevens Harvard University Sequence comparison algorithms are sophisticated pieces of software that com- pare and match identical or similar regions of DNA, RNA, or protein se- quence. This paper examines the origins and development of these algorithms from the 1960s to the 1990s. By treating this software as a kind of scien- tiªc instrument used to examine sets of biological objects, the paper shows how algorithms have been used as different sorts of tools and appropriated for dif- ferent sorts of uses according to the disciplinary context in which they were deployed. These particular uses have made sequences themselves into different kinds of objects. Introduction Historians of molecular biology have paid signiªcant attention to the role of scientiªc instruments and their relationship to the production of bio- logical knowledge. For instance, Lily Kay has examined the history of electrophoresis, Boelie Elzen has analyzed the development of the ultra- centrifuge as an enabling technology for molecular biology, and Nicolas Rasmussen has examined how molecular biology was transformed by the introduction of the electron microscope (Kay 1998, 1993; Elzen 1986; Rasmussen 1997).1 Collectively, these historians have demonstrated how instruments and other elements of the material culture of the labora- tory have played a decisive role in determining the kind and quantity of knowledge that is produced by biologists. During the 1960s, a versatile new kind of instrument began to be deployed in biology: the electronic computer (Ceruzzi 2001; Lenoir 1999). Despite the signiªcant role that 1. One could also point to Robert Kohler’s (1994) work on the fruit ºy, Jean-Paul Gaudillière (2001) on laboratory mice, and Hannah Landecker (2007) on the technologies of tissue culture.
    [Show full text]