WELCOME

From the Chair, Mary Lowe Good

cience and technology are key to the welfare of our global village. In 2001, we were reminded again of the importance of research to the well-being Sof people everywhere. Forensic genomics, chemical analysis, and other such pursuits—once arcane to all but specialists—became familiar to a larger audience, as news of efforts to understand tragedy reached us through newspapers, televisions, radios and the Internet. Scientific discussion, confined to Victorian-era parlors since the days of Darwinian debate, claimed a more central location on our cultural stage.

As the public’s perception of and appreciation for science and technology changes, the AAAS and its membership are preparing to take on a larger leadership role on behalf of science and its applications.

The new AAAS rallying cry, “Advancing science • Serving society,” reflects a desire to build more and better bridges between policymakers, scientists, educators, and the average citizen. After all, the population keeps growing while

2001 farmland disappears, and we’re living longer than ever before, demanding better shelter, education, health care, and sanitation. Improved quality of life also requires answers to fundamental mysteries—from our cosmic origins, to our

REPORT social and geographic paths as we peopled the Earth.

In 2001, basic and applied research delivered practical advances and esoteric knowledge alike: Molecule-sized circuits— ANNUAL so small that billions could fit on today’s computer chips—were named the year’s top scientific achievement, promising 1 computers that translate conversations on the fly, or solve climate-change riddles in a snap. The human genomic sequence revealed the genetic similarity of all people. “Missing” neutrinos were found to morph and go incognito after leaving the sun, thus escaping detection by astronomers. And, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AAAS officially pinned the blame for global warming on human, rather than natural causes.

As Science reported, the September 11 terrorist attacks signaled the start of a “sobering new era” for people everywhere, in all walks of life. For the international scientific and engineering community, shrinking budgets, limited information- sharing, collaboration restrictions, and shifting research priorities are the hallmarks of a changed research climate.

In response, AAAS challenged policymakers to examine the scientific fallout of war, such as new rules on international students at U.S. universities, and to strike a balance between scientific freedom and public safety. As the cloning debate intensified, AAAS took first steps toward clarifying the promise of therapeutic cloning technologies—while condemn- ing efforts to clone human beings.

Also in 2001, the Association’s first Court Appointed Scientific Expert testified in an intellectual property case. And, the Association continued to promote sustainable strategies for threatened ecosystems, in regions from Latin America to Africa.

As AAAS looks to the future, it has set as its mission the need to advance science and innovation throughout the world. Key to this quest are seven goals, outlined on these pages, and exemplified by some of the many successful AAAS projects profiled here. It has been my honor to serve AAAS and its membership. I look forward to the many achievements that lie ahead for AAAS.

MARY LOWE GOOD Chair, AAAS Board from the Chief Executive Officer

t is both a privilege and a pleasure to have joined the AAAS staff. As new CEO of the Association, I have the good fortune to be starting from the superb foundation I built by my predecessor Richard Nicholson. He worked with a series of outstanding AAAS Boards of Directors, and built an exceptional staff to significantly strengthen the Association. The organization is now poised to play an even greater leadership role, one that places it squarely within the global context of the 21st Century.

AAAS occupies an unmatched position in society, implying both opportunities and obligations. The largest general scientific society in the world, AAAS is also uniquely inclusive, drawing its members from every scientific and engineering discipline, and including many lay members with diverse interests in science and its applications.

2001

With its more than 130,000 members and 272 affiliated societies, AAAS has a powerful voice. It must use that voice to provide strong leadership, nationally and internationally, and to fulfill its newly reframed mission, “to advance science and innovation

ANNUAL REPORT throughout the world for the benefit of all people.” 2 We hope that in refining our mission and goals and the programs that we derive from them, we will increase our effectiveness and our impact. To illustrate how we implement our ideas, we have organized this report to provide concrete examples of how

AAAS current AAAS programs track to our mission and goals. Those newly refined mission and goals will then be the template that guides future programmatic development.

As we look for practical ways to apply our new mantra—“Advancing science • Serving society”—we will also be reaching out more to the AAAS membership. With help from members and affiliated organizations, AAAS will seek to deliver its key messages more effectively to policymakers, educators, scientists, and society. In this way, we can leverage our status as the world’s largest general scientific organization, and our more than 150 years of service to society, to become truly a global voice of leadership in science for the benefit of all people.

ALAN I. LESHNER Chief Executive Officer

“WITH HELP FROM MEMBERS AND AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS, THE AAAS WILL SEEK TO DELIVER ITS KEY MESSAGES MORE EFFECTIVELY TO POLICYMAKERS, EDUCATORS, SCIENTISTS, AND SOCIETY.” OUR MISSION

TO ADVANCE SCIENCE AND INNOVATION THROUGHOUT THE WORLD FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL PEOPLE

or more than 150 years, the American Association for the Advancement of FScience (AAAS) has represented the entire community of scientists and engineers. AAAS is today the largest general scientific society in the world, drawing its members from all fields of science and engineering, as well as from the lay public. Its size and inclusiveness present both an opportunity and an obligation to provide strong leadership, nationally and internationally, on behalf of science and its uses.

A look into the future of our rapidly evolving world promises that science and 2001 technology will become increasingly central to modern life, thus making the AAAS leadership role ever more important. REPORT

The public and policymakers will need much-improved access to more scientific ANNUAL and engineering information, and to rational modes of thinking and analysis.

As problems of poverty, environmental degradation, health, and international

AAAS development become increasingly complex, AAAS must continue to reach out beyond its U.S. origins to explore ways that science can be of service to all people throughout the world.

AAAS’s core mission, to advance science and innovation throughout the world for the benefit of all people, is a restatement of its historic mission, in words that reflect the global context of the 21st Century. As the world moves toward new frontiers of knowledge, the Association must anticipate as well as adjust to change.

This is crucial to AAAS’s continued, judicious support of the science and engineering enterprise, and to ensure that the work of scientists and innovators will continue to serve society. To fulfill its mission, AAAS must achieve broad goals, outlined in the pages that follow. Accompanying them are examples of specific strategies AAAS implements to achieve these goals, and short features that illustrate ways in which the organization displays its commitment to its mission. OUR GOALS

FOSTER COMMUNICATION AMONG SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS AND THE PUBLIC

AAAS is recognized throughout the world for its publication of the renowned journal Science, and as a source of timely, accurate, reliable and unbiased scientific information. In Science, AAAS presents cutting-edge research that has been peer-reviewed, and, just as science knows no borders, the journal's articles are written and reviewed by scientists from many nations. Reports on their work are published and broadcast worldwide. In its news pages and its columns, Science’s news staff investigates and reports research news, so that research findings spread far beyond the confines of

2001 2001 individual disciplines.

The AAAS Annual Meeting serves as another forum for scientists who want their work to have impact across the disciplines of science

ANNUAL REPORT ANNUAL REPORT and among interested lay citizens, sparking collaborations and new 4 avenues for research.

AAAS AAAS To approach this goal, AAAS provides:

Rapid Access to the Latest Research Results AAAS continually seeks to ensure that scientific information is available when the user needs it. Research papers in Science are often subjected to rapid review and publication, and breaking science news appears in the journal, as well as on the Science Online website, and ScienceNOW. The journal’s electronic publishing option, Science Express, now makes selected peer-reviewed articles available to the scientific community within days of acceptance.

Web-Based Tools for Journalists The media is given access to advance information on an embargoed basis both on AAAS’s EurekAlert!, and through the “scipak,” the packages of Science articles that are sent one week in advance of publication to journalists around the world, with the understanding that the writers will respect the embargo.

Support for Communities of Interest Web-based “knowledge environments” provide the latest news, as well as all the resources necessary to scientists with a common research interest. Science’s Next Wave is a website that provides information on careers and research funding to young scientists. STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The following are among the recent and ongoing activities of AAAS in 2001 that demonstrate its commitment to fostering communication among scientists, engineers and the public:

AAAS and Science: On the Cutting Edge The new millennium opened with publication of dramatic scientific findings that have the potential to transform human life. On 16 February 2001, Science magazine published one of two sets of findings that presented the results of the near-final sequencing of the human genome, suggesting that the human genome sequence might someday result in medical advances such as diagnostic tests, pharmaceuticals that reflect individual genetic variations, and perhaps gene therapies targeting segments of code responsible for disease.

In the future, wrote the authors of the Science article, “The real challenge of human biology, beyond the task of finding out how genes orchestrate the construction and maintenance of the miraculous mechanism of our bodies, will lie ahead as we seek to explain how our minds have come to organize thoughts sufficiently well to investigate our own existence.”

The two research teams discussed their findings at the 2001 AAAS Meeting in San Francisco on 12 February, where 5,600 participants, including about 1,100 press registrants, had come to take part in the multidisciplinary gathering of scientists from all over the world.

2001 Science’s Knowledge Environment Builds Connections

REPORT Innovative Mechanisms for Scientific Until a couple of years ago, researchers interested in signal transduction had to Discourse scramble if they missed key meetings or overlooked an important journal article.

ANNUAL AAAS and Science are experimenting with the use of Now they can turn to one of the three web-based knowledge environments AAAS databases and computer technology that have been used and Science have created to meet the growing needs of interdisciplinary research. 5 to create phenomena such as in-depth reports on Science’s Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment (STKE) offers a connections map that allows scientists to follow the latest developments in human rights abuses, and a connections map on the

several signaling pathways, and provides immediate access to the scientific litera- AAAS website of Science’s Signal Transduction Knowledge ture that supports the findings that the map illustrates. Environment (STKE). Every few weeks, for example, in his laboratory at the University of Washington, Randall Moon, an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, adds newly published information to the connections map regarding Wnt genes and their proteins, which have been found to play a role in cancer and in the develop- ment of the embryo.

“My hopes and expectations are that by developing these tools and approaches, “EUREKALERT! HAS BECOME A we will give researchers a greater ability to synthesize information from different fields and different laboratories, while revealing unexpected synergy between STAPLE OF MY DAILY ROUTINE. different pathways and interaction between proteins that might not have been obvious at first glance,” says Moon, professor of pharmacology at the University I LOG ONTO IT FIRST THING IN of Washington.

THE MORNING AND CHECK IT Website Opens World of Science to All Writers REGULARLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY.” Until seven years ago, when AAAS first launched its EurekAlert! website, Jean-Michel Bader, science writer for Le Figaro in Paris, says that he, like most -Rob Stein science writers, "chased after journals and scientists" to stay on top of the latest Washington Post research news, always concerned that a colleague at another paper would get the story first.

No more. Since 1996, Bader and his colleagues have become regular users of EurekAlert! (www.eurekalert.org), which posts breaking news from journals and from universities, laboratories, and other research institutions. Reporters may use an "embargoed news" section of the website to obtain information in advance, as long as they promise to respect the publication date imposed by the relevant institutions. More than 4,300 science writers have signed up to use the site, and their response, when asked, is resoundingly positive.

“EurekAlert! has become a staple of my daily routine,” says Washington Post reporter, Rob Stein. “I log onto it first thing in the morning and check it regularly throughout the day.” Improve the Quality of Scientific Input in International Discourse Recognizing the need for improved knowledge about scientific issues, AAAS has established training programs and built on relationships with governmental and non-govern- mental organizations such as NATO, the European Union, UNESCO, and the Organization of American States, to address collaboratively critical issues in sustainable development and international security.

STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The following are among the recent and ongoing activities of AAAS in 2001 that demonstrate its commitment to enhance international scientific cooperation:

OUR GOALS U.S. Diplomats Educated About Science and Science Policy “The whole area of environment, technology, and health is becoming a really big priority for us—much more than 10, or

2001 ENHANCE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN even 5 years ago,” says Lisa Fox, director of the Economic and SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS Commercial Studies Division for the Foreign Service Institute (FSI). “We'd like to train all our officers in it, beginning with junior officers all the way up to the ambassadors.” s science becomes increasingly global in character, scientists ANNUAL REPORT are more and more likely to reach across national borders in In 2001, AAAS was chosen to plan and implement two week- 6 A their search for collaborators. At the same time, science and long FSI programs for employees of the U.S. State Department, most of whom were being assigned to their first science-related technology are being asked to play a crucial role in addressing the posts. The courses focused on discussions of health and social and economic ills that affect hundreds of millions of people. population, emerging and infectious diseases, food safety,

AAAS climate change, sustainable development, biodiversity, and sci- The growing awareness that individual nations cannot alone take on ence, technology and commerce. They went well, and AAAS staff challenges to environmental and physical health has led AAAS to work has been asked to conduct a second series of workshops in 2002. with national governments and international organizations such as the World Bank and the United Nations to seek international Brett Pomainville, a policy coordinator who attended the course in June, and is preparing for a summit on sustainable solutions. A response to these needs requires the creation of a solid development in Johannesburg in September 2002, notes that scientific infrastructure in developing countries, as well as the science was once almost an afterthought at the State proliferation of a culture of science worldwide–among residents of Department. He says his colleagues are increasingly aware that every country and their leaders. they have a lot to learn about the technical aspects of situations that arise in their work. To further such efforts, AAAS works to: “It’s a struggle for us. But part of a diplomat’s job is to learn things quickly and to know who the people are who understand Promote International Cooperation Among Scientists things in depth, and when to call on them for help,” Pomainville says. AAAS encourages international study for young scientists, as well international collaborations through workshops, grant programs and Fostering Sustainable Development its annual meeting, making it possible for scientists from many countries to find forums for their ideas, and to see those ideas widely In pilot projects in the La Plata Basin in South America and the Kola Peninsula in Russia, AAAS-sponsored researchers are disseminated. exploring the interaction between human inhabitants and the natural environment in which they live. Two other projects, one Help Build Scientific Infrastructure in Developing in the Niger Delta in West Africa and one in the Mekong River in Southeast Asia are in the early stages of development. The Countries AAAS Ecosystem Dynamics and Essential Human Needs AAAS works to help developing countries through collaborative (EDEHN) program has targeted the four watershed regions for projects, workshops and training. Also, through education reform and an integrated multi-disciplinary approach to environmental management. other efforts, AAAS encourages the development of a culture of science worldwide. OUR GOALS

PROMOTE THE RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT “WE’RE CONSTANTLY AND USE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRYING TO BRAINSTORM FOR

NEW IDEAS, TO ADDRESS NEEDS cience and technology provide fundamental benefits to society and are central to the protection and promo- THAT WE SEE ARE UNFULFILLED.” S tion of health and well-being. For science to continue in this role, however, mechanisms must be in place to make sure that science is used appropriately, particularly as society -Cassandra Dudka crosses new frontiers in such areas as genetics and cloning National Science Foundation (NSF) research. To protect the integrity of science, AAAS works to:

The sprawling La Plata Basin, one of the world’s largest food producers,

2001 spans parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, and drives Define and Guide Responsible Conduct of much of the economy of South America. But, recent agrarian Research expansions and agricultural development have become a potential threat REPORT to the ecosystem. AAAS works with the scientific community and other organizations to identify what constitutes responsible research The Kola Peninsula is one of the most populated and polluted regions in conduct and the proper uses of science, and promotes a ANNUAL the Arctic. AAAS, the Institute for Ecological Economics at the culture of high ethical standards among current and future 7 University of Maryland, and the Kola Science Center in Apatity, Russia researchers. are working on a multi-year US-Russian research effort to explore ways to improve the health of the damaged ecosystem. Inform Societal Discourse on Ethical Implications AAAS International Collaborations for Women Scientists of Research Launched in 2001, the AAAS Women’s International Science Collabora- AAAS informs policymakers and other national leaders of the tion program, or WISC, is designed to give women researchers opportu- scientific opportunities and limitations associated with new nities in international scientific research. The program provides women research findings, alerting society to the social implications of scientists in the United States with funds for planning research projects with a collaborator from a partner country. scientific and technological advances, and helping to identify and discuss in public forums what constitutes responsible The program initially focused on Central and Eastern Europe, but has research conduct and uses of science. recently expanded to most other regions of the world. The expanded program completed its first round of grantmaking in April 2002. A key requirement is that the applicants do not already have NSF funding for Promote the Verification of Research Findings their proposed research. Their preparatory projects should then lead to AAAS supports the system of peer review as an important full research proposals, to be submitted to the NSF or other funders. means of protecting the credibility of the research enterprise. Peer review confirms whether information is verifiable and “We’re constantly trying to brainstorm for new ideas, to address needs that we see are unfulfilled, says Cassandra Dudka, Program Manager accurate, allowing both scientists and the public to assess the for Central and Eastern Europe Programs at the National Science potential of new research, and enabling policymakers to Foundation, which funds the program.” consider its value in the formulation and implementation of public policy.

Defend Free Scientific Inquiry The success of scientific research is dependent on openness and on the ability of scientists to operate in an atmosphere that supports free inquiry. AAAS speaks out against those who seek to restrict scientific freedom and works with others in the scientific community to address human rights abuses directed against scientists throughout the world. STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The following are among the recent and ongoing activities of AAAS in 2001 that demonstrate its commitment to promoting responsible conduct and use of science and technology:

Bringing Scientific Expertise into the Courts In 2001, AAAS took on its first case in a project designed to help federal judges find well-respected, qualified engineers and scientists to serve as expert witnesses. Known as CASE, for Court Appointed Scientific Experts, the project was developed under the aegis of the National Conference of Lawyers and Scientists (NCLS), a joint committee of AAAS and the American Bar Association’s Science and Technology Law Section.

Judges have had the formal authority to appoint their own experts since 1975. And, since 1993, a U.S. Supreme Court ruling has required the federal judiciary to take steps to exclude unreliable testimony from the courtroom. The CASE project is an effort to alleviate the burden placed on the judiciary and to address the increasing level of complexity in cases.

Guidance in Policymaking on Stem Cell Research The debate over whether the federal government should fund research on embryonic stem cells reopened in earnest in 2001, and policymakers needed help gathering all available information on this complex topic. AAAS stepped up to the plate.

2001 In a letter dated 6 March, three officers of the AAAS Board wrote to U.S. President George W. Bush in support of federal funding for stem cell research, including cells from embryonic, fetal, and adult sources. The letter responded to President Bush’s order for a review of a Clinton Administra-

ANNUAL REPORT tion decision that allowed funding of research on embryonic stem cells under guidelines that were published in the Federal Register in August 2000: 8 “It would be tragic to squander this opportunity to pursue work that can potentially help millions of Americans in need,” wrote Mary L. Good, Peter H. Raven, and Floyd E. Bloom, who were then chair, president and

AAAS president-elect of the AAAS Board of Directors.

Five months later, a week after President Bush announced his policy in a nationally-televised speech on 9 August, AAAS again provided a measured response to the President’s stem cell policy, this time recommending that the Bush Administration publicly disclose the sources of the existing embryonic stem cell lines that constitute the centerpiece of that policy. The Association noted that only by such disclosure can scientists assess the potential value of the cells for research and potential medical advances.

Addressing Human Rights Abuses As prosecutors prepared for the trial of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic in late 2001, they had in hand a document from AAAS that impli- cated Milosevic’s forces in the killings of 10,000 people and the displace- “THE FINDINGS OF THIS ment of thousands of refugees in Kosovo in 1999. STUDY ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE Patrick Ball, a statistician and deputy director of the AAAS Science and HYPOTHESIS THAT ACTION BY Human Rights Program, had been asked to testify in Milosevic’s trial, providing an analysis of data gathered from exhumation records, Albanian YUGOSLAV FORCES WAS THE CAUSE border records on refugee crossings, and interviews with thousands of refugees. OF THE KILLINGS AND THE

The 67-page report, which applied highly sophisticated statistical and REFUGEE FLOW.” computer programming tools, was produced with help from the American Bar Association's Central and East European Law Initiative. It was the latest -Patrick Ball, AAAS, and co-authors of AAAS’s efforts to apply science to the promotion of human rights. Killings and Refugee Flow in Kosovo: March-June 1999. “The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that action by Yugoslav forces was the cause of the killings and the refugee flow,” Ball and his co-authors wrote in their report to the war crimes tribunal, Killings and Refugee Flow in Kosovo: March-June 1999. OUR GOALS

FOSTER EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR EVERYONE

n a world increasingly influenced by science, mathematics and tech- nology, all people need some understanding of these disciplines I and their extensive impact on daily life. Through its own programs and in collaboration with other organizations, AAAS works to improve science education in the United States and other nations.

In pursuit of this goal, AAAS implements the following strategies:

Develop and Disseminate Goals for Teaching K-12

With the guidance of top educators and scientists, the Association 2001 helps to guide goals and standards for science, mathematics and

technology (SMT) education, and is a leader in promoting REPORT appropriate policies and the development of curricula and assessments based on those goals.

ANNUAL

Promote Research on Effective Teaching of Science and 9 Mathematics

AAAS seeks to influence the teaching of science, mathematics and AAAS technology in college and in K-12. It influences teacher education programs, focusing particularly on SMT content and how to teach it to students with diverse backgrounds, languages, and interests, and in a variety of formal and informal settings.

Develop Science Education Resources for Use in Formal and Informal Education AAAS enters into partnerships with the institutions that people most often turn to with their questions, publishing clearly-written information on complex issues in science and technology, and creating educational websites and radio programming. STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The following are among the activities through which AAAS fosters education in science and technology for everyone:

New Book Offers a Way Out of “Superficiality” AAAS’s Project 2061 released a book in 2001 that tells science and mathematics educators how to “unburden the curriculum.” Designs for Science Literacy, published by Oxford University Press, was the latest in a series of print and electronic tools and professional development services aimed at strengthening teaching and learning as part of the education reform initiative that AAAS launched in 1985.

The new book also addresses the challenging question of how to design K–12 curricula in a way that reflects local needs and interests, while enabling all students to reach national goals of literacy in science, mathematics, and technology.

Released 24 May at a gathering of education leaders, Designs for Science Literacy suggests how teachers might find the time to teach OUR GOALS the most important ideas well. The authors devote an entire chapter to showing educators how to relieve the interminable accumulation of topics, superficial detail, and technical language that far exceeds most students’ understanding.

2001 ENHANCE THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AAAS Education Website Reaching All 50 States WORKFORCE AND INFRASTRUCTURE Part of the “MarcoPolo Learning Initiative,” Science NetLinks, is AAAS’s contribution to a partnership that includes websites

ANNUAL REPORT managed by five other non-profit organizations. Together they well-trained and supported science and technology workforce provide free, Internet-basedmaterials for educators across academic is essential to the continued vitality of the science and technol- 10 disciplines on the site that is now used as a resource for educators ogy enterprise and to its contributions to society. To maintain in all 50 states (http://marcopolo.worldcom.com/). A the quality of that workforce over time requires sustained efforts at all Science NetLinks (http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/) offers a stages of the educational pipeline. AAAS focuses attention on the

AAAS comprehensive array of lesson plans and carefully selected links to recruitment, training and retention of scientists and engineers, as well related websites that are tied to the Benchmarks for Science Literacy,a set of science literacy goals developed by AAAS. as working to ensure adequate resources to sustain their work. Young scientists in particular need help identifying sources of support for The detailed lesson plans include, for example, explanations of what both their education and their research projects. teachers should expect students to record in their journals about a project on propagation. In pursuit of this goal, AAAS implements the “An entry for what was done to the plant should not be, ‘I watered following strategies: it’. Rather, The plant was given 50 ml of water,” instructs the lesson plan. Support for Young Scientists Teaching Science through Web-Based Adventures AAAS supports young people with a number of websites, fellowship According to the results of four pilot projects in after-school pro- opportunities, and other services, offering advice and information on grams in New York City and in Washington, DC, AAAS’s Kinetic financial aid, grants, graduate school, and how to change careers. AAAS City Super Crew website successfully draws children in and teaches also conducts career fairs and workshops, and provides forums and them the principles of science. fellowships for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as for professional scientists and engineers. A website, Science’s Next Wave, Based on those results, and thanks to a $1.3 million grant from the offers information on scientific training, career development, and the National Science Foundation (NSF), the program, which began seven years ago as a weekly radio show, is going national in 2002 science job market. with its new on-line format. The principles that are taught by the program are based on the Increasing Diversity Benchmarks for Science Literacy, as developed by AAAS’s Project 2061. The target population is made up of children 8 to 11 who Women, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native take part in after-school programs. The program is geared for clubs Americans, as well as persons with disabilities, are among the of about 30 children who will work together to solve the science underrepresented in the science and technology workforce. AAAS is a problems presented on the site. recognized leader in developing and providing programs and resources to encourage under represented groups to pursue science and technology careers at the highest levels. AAAS advises institutions on training and retention of scientists and engineers, and promotes ways of making that workforce better educated and more diverse. STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The activities described below are among the AAAS initiatives that demonstrate the Association’s commitment to enhancing the science and technology workforce, and to making it more diverse.

Online Effort to Raise Number of Minority Scientists Launched with the purpose of diversifying the ranks of the nation’s top scientists, the Minority Scientists Network, a new AAAS web site, is creating an online community of students, mentors, and administra- tors. At the heart of MiSciNet are individual voices, sharing personal experiences. These snapshots offer a glimpse into the private pathways OUR GOALS chosen by successful minority scientists, and the strategies that effectively help keep them on course. Student essays, in particular, reveal the obstacles that may confront underrepresented scientists, and their tactics for overcoming prejudice and for resisting efforts to keep them from moving forward. INCREASE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING AND

“I am very happy now, doing science policy at the national level and APPRECIATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY learning how the big decisions in science are made,” says Joan E. Esnayra, a Native American scientist in an essay on MiSciNet. “When I reflect back on the faculty in my graduate program, I realize they were just cience touches everyone’s life, either directly or indirectly; little fish in a little pond. I, on the other hand, have become a fearless therefore everyone should have at least a rudimentary

and tough fighter. And I am afraid of no one.” Sunderstanding of the scientific enterprise and how it 2001 works. AAAS tells the “science behind the story,” to help people Jobs for Young Scientists with Disabilities appreciate how their lives intersect with science in obvious ways

REPORT For 25 years, AAAS has worked to bring young scientists with and how important discoveries actually come about. In this way, disabilities into the workforce. Its most recent effort is a program known the impact of science and innovation on events of major as ENTRY POINT!, which has served as a bridge into jobs in engineer- importance can be given their proper due. ANNUAL ing and sciences in both the public and private sectors since 1996. The men and women who take part in the program are either blind or deaf, To increase the public’s understanding 11 or they may use wheelchairs or have learning disabilities. But their and appreciation of science and disabilities do not define them, and have not stopped them from taking technology, AAAS works to: jobs as biologists, computer scientists, mechanical engineers, and AAAS aerospace scientists. Develop Tools to Improve Communication of The ENTRY POINT! program—which received a Presidential Award Science for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring, through the National Science Foundation—now claims some 200 AAAS organizes press briefings, provides in-depth analyses of alumni. An estimated 92 percent are either working on science or complex issues, and provides educational content for the engineering fields, or pursuing degrees in graduate programs. Internet, for television and for radio programs. Every week, AAAS emails a pre-approved group of more than 3,400 And the public and private partners in the program say they are journalists details about the research to be published in the next delighted at the quality of ENTRY POINT! interns. “Going through AAAS, we knew we could get some of the best talent in the industry,” issue of Science. Science writers can also sign up for access to says Ted Child, Vice President, IBM Workforce Diversity. “We like the EurekAlert!, a AAAS website that provides embargoed and other students and we like the skills they bring to the job.” breaking news from research institutions worldwide.

New Careers for Bioweapons Scientists Enhance Communication Skills of Scientists and With a grant from the U.S. Commerce Department, AAAS is working Engineers with a group of former bioweapons scientists from Russia, providing them with training so that they can apply their skills to challenging and AAAS helps scientists and engineers become highly effective in useful work. In 2001, AAAS brought a group of 17 scientists to communicating to the public the complex principles that Washington, DC, for a workshop on technology commercialization and underlie their work. When scientists are properly trained, their commercialization principles. stories quickly capture the public imagination.

“We learned about some new elements of the quality system that we had no idea of. But of course, to implement in our country it will Form Partnerships to Improve Public Understanding require serious work. Work, work, work!” says one of the participants, AAAS enters into partnerships with other international, national, Valentina Ivanovna Masycheva, Director of Research and Design in the regional, and local organizations to provide science and Technological Institute of Biologically Active Substances for the Russian Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (VECTOR). technology programs for all age groups. AAAS teams up with these groups to develop local and national science programs, as well as to create resources for print and broadcast media and to provide guidance on the quality of resources for information on science and technology. STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The activities described below are among the AAAS initiatives that demonstrate the Association’s commitment to increase public understand- ing and appreciation of science and technology:

Scientists and Engineers as Journalists Ann Celi is a medicine/pediatrics physician and researcher at Harvard “IF I WRITE A SCIENCE STORY, I Medical School in Boston, MA. She is in practice at Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates in Boston, where she is conducting a study on the HAVE TO DO IT IN A WAY THAT factors that influence women to breastfeed their babies. She is also one of more than 400 scientists and engineers who are alumni of AAAS’s Mass TAKES INTO ACCOUNT INDIGENOUS Media Fellowship program. KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS.” Every summer about 25 young scientists and engineers are sent to work for newspapers and magazines and for radio and television programs across the country. The purpose of the 28-year-old program is to further public -Madumane Matloa South African Broadcasting Company understanding and appreciation of science and technology.

Celi’s 10-week internship at Wisconsin’s Milwaukee Journal in 1992 taught her to explain scientific concepts carefully to journalists, a lesson she draws on when talking publicly about breastfeeding.

“To get substance into a (newspaper) article, you have to make information clear and succinct,” Cecil says. “If you don’t, that will be the first thing the 2001 copy editor takes out.” Training in Radio and Science Writing for South Africans OUR GOALS In much of rural Africa, radio is the major means of communicating news and other information. So, radio science journalism is what AAAS staff

ANNUAL REPORT members are teaching a group of South African journalists and scientists in 12 a three-year program that began in 2001. Strengthen Support for the With support from the South African Department of Arts, Culture, Science, and Technology (DACST), the DACST-AAAS Science Radio Journalism AAAS Science and Technology Fellows Project, is attempting to attract applicants outside the cosmopoli- tan Johannesburg/Pretoria area. To apply, they must be fluent in an Enterprise indigenous language.

In August 2001, the first South Africans in the program said they had come to the United States to learn; but the visitors may have taught their hosts or society to reap the full benefits of the promise of something as well. research, the scientific enterprise must flourish. That F requires financial support, a healthy infrastructure, a "If I write a science story, I have to do it in a way that takes into account public that values the ideals of science, and national leaders indigenous knowledge systems," says Madumane Matloa, 27, a science and who understand the role of science in moving society forward. technology radio producer for the South African Broadcasting Company. In addition, scientists and engineers should understand the "We have to show that we do not disrespect the ways of our people." process for making decisions about science policy and research Daily Radio Spots Answer Questions, Feature Research funding, and be given opportunities to take part in the process. Since 1988, more than 2,800 of AAAS’s radio shows have run on commercial radio programs across the United States. The 90-second to support this goal, AAAS implements features tell the public about the latest research in science and technology, the following strategies: explaining topics such as the Human Genome Project and the origin of the universe in language that is clear, lively, and free of jargon. Promote Recognition of the Benefits of Science One 2001 spot, for example, features a scientist at the University of and Technology Southern California, who studies the timing and impact of earthquakes by digging trenches across faults and examining sediment for evidence of AAAS disseminates knowledge about the products of science activity. and technology, the interrelationships among disciplines, and the role basic science plays in producing the technological “To many people, (the trench) looks like a hole in the ground, but to me it’s advances that are integral to improved health care, quality of a physics experiment,” says James Dolan of the University of Southern California in an interview for Science Update. “To me, it’s a window into life and economic prosperity. the past that allows us to see how earthquakes in the past have interacted with one another.” Inform National Leaders about Scientific Research, Innovation and Related Policies AAAS provides national leaders with thoughtful analyses and perspectives on new discoveries and emerging trends. It has become, for example, the nationally recognized and trusted resource for up-to-date, objective analyses of federal funding for scientific research.

Collaborate with Diverse Sectors of Society AAAS collaborates and works in alliance with organizations that represent other major sectors of society. These are critical not only for what they do to support the scientific enterprise in general, but in setting research priorities.

Strengthen Scientists’ Voice in the Policy Process and in the Media AAAS helps researchers become effectively involved in the policy process, providing opportunities for them to gain an understanding of policy and of the funding mechanisms that make possible the work of scientists.

STRATEGIES IN ACTION

The activities described below are among the AAAS initiatives that • The 2000 presidential election, particularly as it played out in Florida, demonstrate the Association’s commitment to strengthening awakened a national interest in the technologies with which we support for science and technology and its applications for the cast our votes. To help policymakers as they considered ways to benefit of society: improve the nation’s voting systems, AAAS organized a briefing in July 2001 at which a group of faculty from the Massachusetts Analysis of Federal Budget for Science and Technology Institute of Technology (MIT) and the California Institute of 2001 Technology (Caltech) presented the results of an important study

As AAAS staff completed their annual task of analyzing the FY 2002 of voting technology that revealed major flaws in the system. REPORT federal budget for science and technology funding last year, they noted that the budget, finalized in December, had not been affected by the AAAS publishes the monthly newsletter, Science and Technology

nation’s economic downturn. in Congress, when Congress is in session. Information about ANNUAL these and other AAAS congressional activities is available at Instead, the federal budget for science, like many other areas of www.aaas.org/spp/cstc/. 13 government spending, reflected the impact of the events that followed the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the New World of Science Policy for Scientists, Engineers

Pentagon. The big winners were the Department of Defense and the AAAS National Institutes of Health, but most federal agencies received increases In 1973, the AAAS Congressional Fellowship Program started with in their final R&D budgets, in contrast to proposals for steep cuts earlier seven Fellows sponsored by AAAS and three other national scientific in the year. and engineering societies. Currently there are about 30 participating societies, with AAAS sponsoring two Fellows and 30 other societies, Since 1976, when AAAS began publishing federal budget numbers for each sponsoring one or more Congressional Fellows. In addition, AAAS R&D, scientists, engineers and policymakers with an interest in science has established eight other programs in federal agencies, which have turned to AAAS for the latest information on federal funding of the provide science policy learning experiences for another 50-plus nation’s S&T enterprise. The Association also hosts an Annual Colloquium scientists and engineers. The AAAS programs place Fellows in a dozen on Science and Technology Policy to provide a forum to discuss and executive branch agencies, including the departments of state, justice, debate the federal budget and other matters relating to science and defense, and agriculture. technology policy. There are now about 1,300 former fellows, many of whom have gone Exposing Policymakers to Science; Scientists to Policy on to make important contributions in science and science policy. Kerri-Ann Jones, who has her doctorate in molecular biophysics and AAAS established the Center for Science, Technology, and Congress in biochemistry, was a fellow at the U.S. Agency for International July 1994. Founded with assistance from the Carnegie Corporation of Development 17 years ago, and eventually served in the White House's New York and currently funded by a grant from the Burroughs-Wellcome Office of Science and Technology. Fund, this AAAS program provides timely, objective information to Con- gress on current science and technology issues and assists the science and “The fellowship was a platform for everything I've gone on to do,” engineering community in understanding and working with Congress. says Jones, who now directs a program to improve Maine's research infrastructure under the University of Maine System and the Maine The following are thumbnail sketches of two of the briefings that the Science and Technology Foundation. AAAS Center for Science, Technology, and Congress organized in 2001 on Capital Hill:

• The formal announcement in 2001 about the near-completion of the human genome sequence has raised hopes of a medical revolution, as well as fears that the genetic information might be used to discriminate unfairly against people. AAAS set up a series of seminars to examine the nature of concerns about genetic discrimination in different settings and to promote the sharing of information and public dialogue. SECTIONS AND DIVISIONS

Sections AAAS’s four geographic divisions allow members to combine forces at a local level. Through annual meetings and other activities, members address science AAAS offers 24 sections, covering the spectrum issues that are significant in their own region. Each division determines its of scientific disciplines, so members can own course, with all offering programs of support for young scientists. promote issues in a particular field. Arctic Division • Agriculture, Food, and Renewable Resources The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led to the cancellation of the 52nd • Anthropology Arctic Science Conference, which was to be held on 12-15 September in • Astronomy Anchorage, Alaska. While the decision to cancel was made with regret, it was • Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences clear that a viable conference would not have been possible given the cancellation of flights, and the loss of spirit following this national tragedy. • Biological Sciences The theme of the 53rd Arctic Science Conference in 2002 will focus on • Chemistry connections and relationships among northern ecosystems, and how they in- • Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences teract at their boundaries. • Education • Engineering After almost 10 years as executive secretary of the AAAS Arctic Division, Patricia

2001 • General Interest in Science and Engineering A. Anderson has stepped down. During Anderson’s tenure the Arctic Science Conference expanded, becoming the major Arctic science meeting in the • Geology and Geography western hemisphere. Lawrence K. Duffy, professor of chemistry and • History and Philosophy of Science biochemistry, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, took over as executive secretary

ANNUAL REPORT • Industrial Science and Technology at the AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston in February 2002. Duffy also serves as 14 • Information, Computing, and Communication associate dean for graduate programs and outreach in the College of Science, • Linguistics and Language Science Engineering and Mathematics. • Mathematics AAAS • Medical Sciences Caribbean Division • Neuroscience The Caribbean Division sponsored three events in 2001. The 28th Science • Pharmaceutical Sciences Congress of Puerto Rico Junior Science and Humanities Symposium was held • Physics at the University of Puerto Rico. AAAS presented three scholarships for the best student presentations. A second event, The Annual Symposium on Island • Psychology Ecology, was held in October 2001 at the Interamerican Metro University. • Social, Economic, and Political Sciences Co-hosted by the Association of Science Teachers, the symposium drew • Societal Impacts of Science and Engineering representatives from government, industry, and private organizations. A third • Statistics meeting, of the First Chemistry Congress, was conducted in collaboration with the Teacher’s Alliance for Excellence. The major topic was curriculum revision for courses in general and organic chemistry.

Current activities include planning for an annual meeting in collaboration with Puerto Rico EPSCoR (the National Science Foundation’s Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research); development of an 8-week summer science program to provide laboratory experience for high school science students; and efforts to increase communication and scientific inter- change between Puerto Rico and Venezuela and between Puerto Rico and Cuba. Pacific Division The Pacific Division held its 82nd annual meeting in June 2001 on the campus of the University of California at Irvine. Among the notable events at the meetings were the day-long session on Science and Management of Coastal Water Quality, a particularly sensitive topic in Southern California, and half-day sessions on Informatics and the New Biology, Local Adaptation to Global Environmental Change, as well as several education programs designed for both college and high school level teachers. On Sunday, the division held a special poster session for high school students, for which both cash awards and certificates of excellence were given.

The year 2001 was a transition year for the AAAS Pacific Division. David E. Bilderback stepped down as the executive director of the division, and Alan E. Leviton was asked to take his place while the

2001 division’s executive committee sought a new executive officer. In 2001 June, the Council of the Pacific Division elected Roger Christianson

REPORT to the office of executive director of the division, effective January REPORT 2002. The division council also elected John Carroll president-elect

ANNUAL for 2001–2002, and Garnis Curtis delivered his presidential address, ANNUAL after which he turned the gavel over to Nina G. Jablonski, incom- ing division president. 15

AAAS Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division AAAS The Southwestern and Rocky Mountain Division (SWARM) held its 77th Annual Meeting in Denton, Texas, 25-28 March 2001, in cooperation with the University of North Texas and Texas Woman's University. There were 124 presentations, including poster displays, and 11 keynote addresses. Three special symposia covered the behavior and nutrition of animals, special relativity, and experiments in electrodynamics. Richard Machalek, of the University of Wyoming, gave The John Wesley Powell Memorial Lecture, entitled “Prospects for an Evolutionary Social Science.”

For the third year in a row, SWARM organized a fall mid-western meeting, in Omaha, Nebraska, from 11-13 November, in coopera- tion with Creighton University and the University of Nebraska at Omaha. This meeting featured 74 presentations, including oral presentations and poster displays; two keynote addresses; and four special symposia.

Due to the untimely death of Donald J. Nash, the executive director of SWARM, the 2002 meeting had to be cancelled. David Nash was appointed as the interim executive director of SWARM. The 2003 Spring Meeting will be held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, 8-11 April 2003. OUR AWARDS

ach year, AAAS salutes scientists, engineers, public servants, and journalists for their outstanding contributions to scientific Eprogress and the public’s understanding of science.

AAAS Lifetime Achievement Award AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize William T. Golden, chairman emeritus, American Museum of Natural Nenad Ban, Poul Nissen, Jeffrey Hansen, Peter B. Moore and Thomas History, and treasurer emeritus, AAAS Board of Directors, was A. Steitz were recognized for two research articles, both published 11 recognized for a lifetime of leadership and counsel on behalf of the August 2000 – “The Complete Atomic Structure of the Large advancement of science. Golden is credited with convincing President Ribosomal Subunit at 2.4 Å Resolution,” and “The Structural Basis for Truman 50 years ago to establish an office of science advisor to the Ribosome Activity in Peptide Bond Synthesis.” president, and was instrumental in the recent creation of the position of Science and Technology Adviser to the U.S. Secretary of State. Marat M.Yusupov, Gulnara Gh. Yusupova, Albion Baucom, Kate Lieberman, Thomas N. Earnest, JHD Cate and Harry F. Noller were AAAS Philip Hauge Abelson Prize honored for a research article entitled “Crystal Structure of the Ribosome at 5.5 Å Resolution,” published 4 May 2001. Norman E. Borlaug, plant biologist and Nobel Laureate, was honored for his lifetime spent helping to meet the growing demand for 2001 AAAS Science Journalism Awards high-yield agriculture. He is credited with starting the "Green Revolution" in the 1970s that reversed food shortages in India and Newspapers with a circulation of more than 100,000: Scott Shane, Pakistan. The Baltimore Sun. Newspapers with a circulation of less than 100,000: Richard

ANNUAL REPORT Award for International Scientific Cooperation Monastersky, The Chronicle of Higher Education. Guenther Bauer, physics professor at the Johannes Kepler University 16 Magazines: Heather Pringle, Discover. in Linz, Austria, was recognized for his efforts in overcoming cultural and national frontiers, bringing researchers together at multinational Radio: Christopher Joyce, National Public Radio.

AAAS meetings funded by both U.S. and international organizations. Television: Betsey Arledge, Julia Cort, and Robert Krulwich, WGBH/ NOVA. AAAS Mentor Award Online: David J. Tenenbaum, Sue Medaris, Terry Devitt, Darrell Leticia Márquez-Magaña, professor of biology at San Francisco State Schulte, and Amy Toburen, The Why Files. University, was honored for her activities in support of students of color, particularly Hispanic Americans and those of Pacific Island heritage. In particular, she was honored for creating programs at UC-Berkeley and at Stanford University that support minority students both in their social and professional lives.

AAAS Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement

Etta Zuber Falconer, mathematician and Fuller E. Callaway Professor Raven (2002) eter H. of Mathematics at Spelman College, was recognized for her dedication – as a mentor, role model, administrator and educator – to increasing the number of African American women in mathematics.

James H. M. Henderson, plant biologist and Chairman Emeritus of

the Division of Natural Sciences at the Tuskegee Institute, was gaña. recognized for devoting his professional life to helping students of science and mathematics overcome barriers of race and gender to make the transition from high school to college and beyond.

AAAS Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology Ian Stewart, popular author and professor of mathematics at Warwick University, won the AAAS Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology. He is best known for writing on mathematical themes AAAS Mentor Award: AAAS CEO Alan I. Leshner and AAAS Board Chairman P Leshner and Alan I. AAAS CEO Award: AAAS Mentor congratulate award-winner Leticia Márquez-Ma in books and for newspapers and magazines. ROSTER OF FELLOWS

e are proud to present the distinguished members elected to the status of AAAS Fellow by the AAAS Council for 2001. The Fellows are Wdistinguished scientists and engineers who are chosen in recognition of outstanding accomplishments in their fields, and for their dedicated commitment to furthering the scientific enterprise.

Agriculture, Food, and Renewable Resources DEBORAH A. CLARK, Univ. of Missouri, St. Louis DIANE W. DAVIDSON, Univ. of Utah ELTON D. ABERLE, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison CAROL A. ERICKSON, Univ. of California, Davis WALTER J. ARMBRUSTER, Farm Foundation, Oak Brook, IL JOHN FAABORG, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia BARBARA P. GLENN, Federation of Animal Science Societies, Bethesda, MD MARK H. GINSBERG, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA ANTHONY H. C. HUANG, Univ. of California, Riverside BRIAN J. HALES, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge F. THOMAS LEDIG, Institute of Forest Genetics, U.S. Forest Service, GONZALO HALFFTER, Instituto de Ecologia, Veracruz, Mexico Placerville, CA R. SCOTT HAWLEY, Univ. of California, Davis OWEN J. NEWLIN, Des Moines, IA JOHN B. HAYS, Oregon State Univ. HERBERT W. OHM, Purdue Univ. LEWIS A. JACOBSON, Univ. of Pittsburgh BENNIE I. OSBURN, Univ. of California, Davis PHILIP HUNG-SUN JEN, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia SONNY B. RAMASWAMY, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan LINDA JEN-JACOBSON, Univ. of Pittsburgh K. RAMESH REDDY, Univ. of Florida RUSSELL L. JONES, Univ. of California, Berkeley PHILIP A. ROBERTS, Univ. of California, Riverside SAMMY WILLIAM JOSEPH, Univ. of Maryland, College Park GARY H. TOENNIESSEN, Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY

KAZUHIKO KINOSITA, JR., Keio Univ., Yokohama, Japan 2001 SANT S. VIRMANI, International Rice Research Institute, Makati City, Philippines HYNDA K. KLEINMAN, National Institute of Dentistry and Craniolfacial Research, Bethesda, MD Anthropology REPORT IRVING L. KORNFIELD, Univ. of Maine, Orono RALPH M. GARRUTO, State Univ. of New York, Binghamton STEPHEN C. KOWALCZYKOWSKI, Univ. of California, Davis

JOHN H. RELETHFORD, State Univ. of New York, Oneonta ALAN M. LAMBOWITZ, Univ. of Texas, Austin ANNUAL PAT SHIPMAN, Pennsylvania State Univ. JAMES CHING LEE, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston SARAH WILLIAMS-BLANGERO, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, BARRY R. LENTZ, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 17 San Antonio ROBERT L. LESTER, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington PAUL A. LOACH, Northwestern Univ.

Astronomy MARTHA L. LUDWIG, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor AAAS MICHAEL E. MAGUIRE, Case Western Reserve Univ. BRUCE BALICK, Univ. of Washington, Seattle JOHN L. MARKLEY, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison RICHARD F. GREEN, National Optical Astronomical Observatories, Tucson BETTIE SUE MASTERS, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio WILLIAM K. HARTMANN, Planetary Science Institute, Tucson DAVID B. MCKAY, Stanford Univ. KENNETH J. JOHNSTON, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, DC SANDRA D. MICHAEL, State Univ. of New York, Binghamton YERVANT TERZIAN, Cornell Univ. SCOTT EVERETT MILLER, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC TREVOR C. WEEKES, Whipple Observatory, Amado, AZ DIANA G. MYLES, Univ. of California, Davis SHAHID NAEEM, Univ. of Washington, Seattle Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences REED F. NOSS, Conservation Science, Inc., Corvallis, OR ELLEN R. M. DRUFFEL, Univ. of California, Irvine LYNNE R. PARENTI, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC DAVID HALPERN, Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA MARY V. PRICE, Univ. of California, Riverside CHARLES A. KNIGHT, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder PAUL PRIMAKOFF, Univ. of California, Davis RONALD G. PRINN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology CURTIS J. RICHARDSON, Duke Univ. DAVID A. RANDALL, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins JAMES A. SPUDICH, Stanford Univ. FERN TABLIN, Univ. of California, Davis Biological Sciences CINDY LEE VAN DOVER, College of William and Mary MICHAEL VECCHIONE, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, DC DONNA JEANNE ARNDT-JOVIN, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, NICKOLAS M. WASER, Univ. of California, Riverside Göttingen, Germany ERIC WESTHOF, Univ. Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France JAMES G. BALDWIN, Univ. of California, Riverside SUE HENGREN WICKNER, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD AMIYA K. BANERJEE, Cleveland Clinic Foundation CHARLES F. YOCUM, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor KAMALJIT S. BAWA, Univ. of Massachusetts, Boston PHILIP A. BEACHY, Johns Hopkins Univ. Chemistry CAROLINE SHAFER BLEDSOE, Univ. of California, Davis CAROL L. BOGGS, Stanford Univ. EDWARD V. ARNOLD, Rutgers Univ. DAVID WAYNE BOLEN, Univ. of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston CHARLES A. ARRINGTON, Furman Univ. MICHAEL R. BOTCHAN, Univ. of California, Berkeley KIM K. BALDRIDGE, Univ. of California, San Diego RICHARD C. BRUSCA, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum MICHAEL ROBERT BERMAN, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, BARBARA KATHRYN BURGESS, Univ. of California, Irvine Arlington, VA MARIO RENATO CAPECCHI, Univ. of Utah ELLIOT R. BERNSTEIN, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins SEAN B. CARROLL, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison CAROLYN R. BERTOZZI, Univ. of California, Berkeley DAVID A. BRANT, Univ. of California, Irvine RONALD W. ROUSSEAU, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta MAURICE S. BROOKHART, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill BERTRAM WOLFE, Monte Sereno, CA BRIAN P. COPPOLA, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor NOVAK ZUBER, Rockville, MD DENNIS P. CURRAN, Univ. of Pittsburgh PHILIP R. DESHONG, Univ. of Maryland, College Park General Interest in Science and Engineering DAVID EISENBERG, Univ. of California, Los Angeles FELICE FRANKEL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology CATHERINE C. FENSELAU, Univ. of Maryland, College Park BARBARA GASTEL, Texas A&M Univ., College Station JOSEPH S. FRANCISCO, Purdue Univ. THOMAS H. MOSS, Alexandria, VA M. REZA GHADIRI, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA RICHARD I. GUMPORT, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana Geology and Geography CARLOS G. GUTIÉRREZ, California State Univ., Los Angeles CHARLES B. HARRIS, Univ. of California, Berkeley WILLIAM D. CARLSON, Univ. of Texas, Austin WILLIAM R. HEINEMAN, Univ. of Cincinnati MICHAEL H. CARR, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA ANDREW KALDOR, Exxon Mobil Research and Engineering Co., Annandale, NJ SANKAR CHATTERJEE, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock GEORGE B. KAUFFMAN, California State Univ., Fresno MARY L. DROSER, Univ. of California, Riverside CHARLES E. KOLB, JR., Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA JOHN M. FERRY, Johns Hopkins Univ. ERIC T. KOOL, Stanford Univ. GEORGE W. FISHER, Johns Hopkins Univ. JEFFREY D. KOVAC, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville BRYAN L. ISACKS, Cornell Univ. GERD N. LA MAR, Univ. of California, Davis JOSEPH L. KIRSCHVINK, California Institute of Technology FREDERICK D. LEWIS, Northwestern Univ. H. JAY MELOSH, Univ. of Arizona DAVID M. LUBMAN, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor JOSÉ ANTONIO RIAL, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill MICHAEL A. MARLETTA, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor DAVID R. STODDART, Univ. of California, Berkeley LAWRENCE J. MARNETT, Vanderbilt Univ. LINDA B. MCGOWN, Duke Univ. History and Philosophy of Science MARIO J. MOLINA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology JOHN H. MOORE, Univ. of Maryland, College Park DAVID A. HOUNSHELL, Carnegie Mellon Univ. ALEXANDER PINES, Univ. of California, Berkeley BARBARA HERRNSTEIN SMITH, Duke Univ. 2001 LAWRENCE QUE, JR., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis VASSILIKI BETTY SMOCOVITIS, Univ. of Florida RONALD T. RAINES, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison DEBRA R. ROLISON, Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC Industrial Science and Technology RICHARD J. SAYKALLY, Univ. of California, Berkeley HARVEY D. KUSHNER, Kushner Management Planning Corp., Palos Verdes JEFFREY SKOLNICK, Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO Estates, CA

ANNUAL REPORT AMOS B. SMITH, III, Univ. of Pennsylvania RUDOLPH PARISER, R. Pariser & Co., Inc., Hockessin, DE 18 OLKE C. UHLENBECK, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder PAUL A. WENDER, Stanford Univ. Information, Computing, and Communication ROBERT MARK WIGHTMAN, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill TODD O. YEATES, Univ. of California, Los Angeles ELWYN BERLEKAMP, Univ. of California, Berkeley AAAS FRANCISCO ZAERA, Univ. of California, Riverside EDWARD D. LAZOWSKA, Univ. of Washington, Seattle HANS P. MORAVEC, Carnegie Mellon Univ. Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences CALTON PU, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta BRUCE R. SCHATZ, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana MARTHA J. SOMERMAN, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor ALAN JAY SMITH, Univ. of California, Berkeley JOAN S. WILENTZ, Chevy Chase, MD Linguistics and Language Science Education MARK ARONOFF, State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook DAVID W. BROOKS, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln JOHN SEELY BROWN, Xerox Corp., Palo Alto, CA Mathematics JAMES J. GALLAGHER, Michigan State Univ. JOSEPH S. KRAJCIK, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor JONATHAN MICHAEL BORWEIN, Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC, Canada ALAN H. SCHOENFELD, Univ. of California, Berkeley JOHN GUCKENHEIMER, Cornell Univ. BERNARD J. MATKOWSKY, Northwestern Univ. Engineering REINHARD SCHULTZ, Univ. of California, Riverside IAN NICHOLAS STEWART, Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK J. EDWARD ANDERSON, Taxi 2000 Corp., Fridley, MN JOHN L. ANDERSON, Carnegie Mellon Univ. Medical Sciences WILLIAM E. BENTLEY, Univ. of Maryland, College Park LEONARD J. BRILLSON, Ohio State Univ., Columbus ELI Y. ADASHI, Univ. of Utah MELVIN W. CARTER, Dunwoody, GA GILLIAN M. AIR, Univ. of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City PAUL D. COLEMAN, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana MARCIA ANGELL, Harvard Medical School, Boston KENNETH R. DILLER, Univ. of Texas, Austin ROBERT C. BAST, JR., M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX AUDEEN WALTERS FENTIMAN, Ohio State Univ., Columbus NANCY BERLINER, Yale Univ. MORTON H. FRIEDMAN, Duke Univ. JONATHAN BRAUN, Univ. of California, Los Angeles ERIC W. KALER, Univ. of Delaware JOSEPHINE P. BRIGGS, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive TARALD O. KVÅLSETH, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD JEAN-PIERRE LEBURTON, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana GARRETT M. BRODEUR, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia HENRY R. LINDEN, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago ROBERT B. COLVIN, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MARK R. MATSUMOTO, Univ. of California, Riverside PETER C. DOHERTY, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN JOHN W. POSTON, SR., Texas A&M Univ., College Station CECILIA M. FENOGLIO-PREISER, Univ. of Cincinnati DAVID GINSBURG, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor JOHANNA M. H. LEVELT-SENGERS, National Institute of Standards and JAMES M. HUGHES, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA Technology, Gaithersburg, MD LARRY F. LEMANSKI, Texas A&M Univ., College Station KELVIN GIDION LYNN, Washington State Univ., Pullman DAN L. LONGO, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD THOMAS EDWARD MASON, Oak Ridge National Lab., TN JOHN B. LOWE, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor SIDNEY PERKOWITZ, Emory Univ. MIRIAM MEISLER, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor NASSER PEYGHAMBARIAN, Univ. of Arizona KENNETH L. MOSSMAN, Arizona State Univ., Tempe ARON PINCZUK, Columbia Univ. ROBERT S. MUNFORD, Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas GOPAL K. SHENOY, Argonne National Lab., IL FRANCES A. PITLICK, American Society for Investigative Pathology, ROBERT H. SIEMANN, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Bethesda, MD CHANG-CHYI TSUEI, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY WILLIAM G. POWDERLY, Washington Univ., St. Louis BERNARD YURKE, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ JULES B. PUSCHETT, Tulane Univ. JONATHAN I. RAVDIN, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis Psychology STEPHEN C. REINGOLD, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York, NY RICHARD N. ASLIN, Univ. of Rochester ANNE P. SASSAMAN, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MAHZARIN R. BANAJI, Yale Univ. Research Triangle Park, NC STEPHEN J. CECI, Cornell Univ. HAROLD C. SOX, JR., Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH SUSAN GOLDIN-MEADOW, Univ. of Chicago RONALD SWANSTROM, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill RANDI C. MARTIN, Rice Univ. THEA DOROTHY TLSTY, Univ. of California, San Francisco NORA S. NEWCOMBE, Temple Univ. LUCY S. TOMPKINS, Stanford Univ. ELISSA L. NEWPORT, Univ. of Rochester PETER F. WELLER, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston IRENE MAXINE PEPPERBERG, Univ. of Arizona MARVIN C. ZISKIN, Temple Univ. LYNNE M. REDER, Carnegie Mellon Univ. Neuroscience Social, Economic, and Political Sciences LINDA BUCK, Harvard Medical School, Boston GARY L. ALBRECHT, Univ. of Illinois, Chicago. JOHN H. BYRNE, Univ. of Texas, Houston CHRISTOPHER CHASE-DUNN, Univ. of California, Riverside

THOMAS J. CAREW, Univ. of California, Irvine 2001 MICHAEL D. INTRILIGATOR, Univ. of California, Los Angeles WILLIAM C. DE GROAT, Univ. of Pittsburgh FELICE J. LEVINE, American Sociological Association, Washington, DC ITZHAK FRIED, Univ. of California, Los Angeles IAN I. MITROFF, Univ. of Southern California REPORT JOHN CHRISTIAN GILLIN, V.A. Medical Center, San Diego, CA ELINOR OSTROM, Indiana Univ., Bloomington EDWARD G. JONES, Univ. of California, Davis ROBERT E. PALMER, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives

LAWRENCE C. KATZ, Duke Univ. ANNUAL GEORGE F. KOOB, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA Societal Impacts of Science and Engineering GILLES LAURENT, California Institute of Technology 19 MU-MING POO, Univ. of California, Berkeley HALINA SZEJNWALD BROWN, Clark Univ. JOSEPH S. TAKAHASHI, Northwestern Univ. KENNETH H. KELLER, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis

RUDOLPH E. TANZI, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown BARTHA MARIA KNOPPERS, Univ. of Montreal AAAS MARC TESSIER-LAVIGNE, Univ. of California, San Francisco STEPHEN D. NELSON, AAAS JURGEN SCHMANDT, Univ. of Texas, Austin Pharmaceutical Sciences MARK A. TUMEO, Cleveland State Univ. STEPHEN C. BROWN, Ann Arbor, MI Statistics JI-WANG CHERN, National Taiwan Univ. JOHN C. DRACH, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor BARRY C. ARNOLD, Univ. of California, Riverside PETER W. SCHILLER, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Canada FRANÇOISE SELLIER-MOISEIWITSCH, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill W. THOMAS SHIER, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis SCOTT L. ZEGER, Johns Hopkins Univ.

Physics SYUN-ICHI AKASOFU, Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks THOMAS M. BAER, Arcturus Engineering, Inc., Mountain View, CA GEORGE J. BASBAS, American Physical Society Editorial Office, Ridge, NY RICHARD N. BOYD, Ohio State Univ., Columbus ALAN CHODOS, American Physical Society, College Park, MD CHARLES W. CLARK, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD E. GAIL DE PLANQUE, Potomac, MD MIRIAM A. FORMAN, State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook DOON GIBBS, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY JERRY PAUL GOLLUB, Haverford College, PA SOL MICHAEL GRUNER, Cornell Univ. FREDERICK DUNCAN MICHAEL HALDANE, Princeton Univ. JACKSON R. HERRING, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO GORDON L. KANE, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor STEPHEN D. KEVAN, Univ. of Oregon, Eugene BERNARD V. KHOURY, American Association of Physics Teachers, College Park, MD LAWRENCE M. KRAUSS, Case Western Reserve Univ. he American Association for the Advancement of Science benefits tremendously from the Tsupport it receives from its members, and the public and private sector. These contributions enable the Association to undertake a vast array of programs and activities. The AAAS Board of Directors gratefully acknowledges the generosity of all who supported the works of AAAS during DONORS REPORT 2001. Further we are pleased to thank first-time and returned donors who facilitated the increase of our donor base by 156% over the last calendar year.

Leadership Giving Peter O'Donnell John Urquhart William C. Orr Jonathan P. Arm Theodore I. Bieber Gerard Piel Warren M. Washington Thomas B. Owen Walter Armbruster John G. Bieri Director's Guild Level 1 Nat C. Robertson Charles M. Weiss Philip Y. Paterson Peter B. Armentrout Margaret B. Binette $50,000 & above Megan A. Rock Joseph G. Wirth Duncan T. Patten John A. Armstrong Mary L. Bird Philip H. Abelson Anna C. Roosevelt Richard M. Phelan Edward M. Arnett Beverly Bishop William T. Golden Beth A. Rosner Galileo Sphere Omer A. Pipkin George Arnstein J. Michael Bishop Beth Kobliner & David E. Shaw Jean'ne M. Shreeve $250 - $499 Lawrence Pomeroy William Aron Barbara A. Blair Michael Spinella Heman P. Adams Steven Popok Rohit R. Arora Roger N. Blais Director's Guild Level 2 Earl L. Stone Holt Ashley Edward F. Redish Jeannine Arthur Anthony J. Blake, Jr. $10,000 - $49,999 Albert H. Teich David P. Balamuth Charles E. Reed William C. Ashby Frank Blanchard Anonymous Ari van Tienhoven Mary C. Barber Robert J. Rubin Roger Atkinson Robert Blattner John F. Hicks Clarence M. Woodruff Franklin H. Barnwell Frederic T. Selleck Alfred E. Attard Erich Bloch Gerald & Phyllis LeBoff Mimi C. Yu Alfred K. Blackadar Jameson D. Selleck Kenton Atwood Elkan R. Blout John P. McGovern Ben B. Blivaiss Richard B. Setlow Jean Auel Mildred Bobrovich Benjamin Franklin Society Kathleen O. Brown William G. Shepherd Chris M. Auliffe Larry Boersma Director's Guild Level 3 $500 - $999 George A. Brueske Joseph R. Simpson Brian Austin Karen Boezi $5,000 - $9,999 Robert Adler Leonard S. Bull H. C. Sipe Robert Austrian Terrence D. Bogard Jeffrey L. Kodosky Beatrice Arnowich David K. Campbell Linda C. Smith Daniel L. Azarnoff Joachim E. Bolck Jean E. Taylor Martin M. Barnes Ruth H. Campbell C. R. Stocking E. J. Bacinich Robert A. Bollinger Warren B. Weisberg Laura P. Bautz Nathaniel Chafee Shepard B. Stone R. C. Bailey Mark Boothby Charlotte Zitrin Roger N. Beachy Jules Cohen Jerome F. Storm Gladys E. Baker Newman Bortnick Sidney Beinfest Joseph M. Colacino Colleen Struss William Oliver Baker Adele Boskey

2001 Director's Guild Level 4 William Bevan John S. Cook C. E. Sunderlin Franc A. Barada E. M. Boughton $2,500 - $4,999 Paul A. Carlson Kenneth Deghetto Donald A. Swanson Paul Baran Terry F. Bower James H. M. Henderson Warren D. Clardy Frank DeMarinis Alvin V. Tollestrup Jerry R. Barber R. D. Bowlus Robert Swartz Mary E. Clutter William E. Dibble Elizabeth C. Traugott Mary C. Barber Donald E. Bowman William E. Collins Jack E. Dixon Cheves Walling Thomas J. Bardos Milton J. Boyd Thomas Edison Alliance Stephen H. Crandall Jerry A. Doughty Harry B. Whitehurst Peter D. Barnes Kathryn Boykin

ANNUAL REPORT $1,000 - $2,499 Edmund A. Crouch Donald N. Duvick Marvin H. Wilkening Philip Barnhard Malcolm K. Brachman 20 L. T. Aldrich James F. Crow Robert F. Dye Thomas A. Woolsey H. G. Barnum Marilyn C. Bracken Anne & Ramon Alonso Edward E. David Tiare M. Emory Charles Yanofsky Thomas D. Barrow John Brademas Anonymous Peter F. Drucker John C. Evans James Barry Eric Bradford Anonymous Mark S. Frankel Donald S. Faber Copernicus Club Merton R. Barry Edward C. Brady AAAS Robert E. Anspaugh William P. Gardner Nina V. Fedoroff $100 - $249 Peter Barry John K. Brady Janet J. Asimov Andrew Gleason Barry A. J. Fisher Dan Tyler Abell Thomas R. Baruch Melissa G. Brammer Mary Ellen Avery Marvin L. Goldberger G. E. Folk Vance Ablott V. Marie Bass Margaret Brandwein Paul Baran James H. Heym Paul J. Friedman Mary B. Adams Robert C. Bast Ronald Bravo Thomas D. Barrow James Hillier Horace W. Furumoto Dennis Adderton Douglas J. Bates Adrian Bregy Phillip L. Blair Alan F. Hofmann Sarah B. Glickenhaus Reid Adler R. R. Battin Esther Breslow Lawrence Bogorad Elaine Kant Robert G. Goelet Joe M. Ahroni William T. Battin Joe L. Bridger Jim & Monica Bradford Charles F. Larson Richard F. Green Thomas H. G. Aitken Richard T. Baum Charles Bridges David L. Brown Leon M. Lederman William Gross Ingrid Akerblom John Baxt Frank Brink Jean B. Burnett William A. Lester Perry Hanson Alfred W. Alberts Richard Bayles Anne M. Briscoe Robert J. Carbonell David R. Lincicome Hans Hasche-Kluender Michele Aldrich Jean Beard Madeleine Briskin William H. Danforth Edward F. MacNichol Robert R. Haubrich Wilbur L. Alfrey Raimon L. Beard David Brooks Frank K. Edmondson Harold Magnuson Mary Henle Albert J. Allen Debra Beaubien Harvey Brooks Emanuel Epstein John P. Mccullough John R. Hess J. F. Allen T. Beck Joan E. Brooks Paul Forman John J. McKelvey Eric J. R. Heyward W. F. Allen, Jr. Lawrence C. Becker Kim Brooks Robert C. Forney David Middleton Charles R. Holmes James C. Aller Steven C. Beering Barbara Brown Adam P. Geballe Joe Mullins Sheila S. Jasanoff Robert W. Allington Myron A. Beigler Charles S. Brown Bruce Gilchrist Richard S. Nicholson Edward G. Jefferson Daniel Alpert Michael W. Benenson Eric J. Brown Mary L. Good Gilbert S. Omenn James E. Kasper Robert Althage Norman S. Benes Herbert C. Brown John C. Haas J. L. Oncley David R. Kelly James W. Altman Leslie Z. Benet Laura Brown Sita Halperin John H. Parker Frederick J. Kolb Carl B. Amthor Wray Bentley Richard I. Brown Walter Kauzmann John W. Poston Konrad B. Krauskopf Albert F. Anderson Leo L. Beranek Craig Brownell William C. Leighty Richard Quinn Joseph C. Logue Cris J. Anderson George Berg D. A. Bruce Laurance H. Lloyd Peter H. Raven Thomas A. Louis Peter O. Anderson Paul Berg Ron Brunt Jane Lubchenco Priscilla Reining Richard H. Mahard Robert Anderson Kathleen S. Berger Harvey F. Brush R. K. Lynn Juan G. Roederer Richard A. Meserve Robert H. Andrew Michael Berns Robert W. Bryant Shirley & Horace Malcom Robert Rosenthal David Minard Henry S. Angel Penny Bernstein Evan Buck Walter E. Massey Joseph E. Rowe David Moreland Devarakonda Angirasa R. Stephen Berry Robert Bundtzen Roger O. McClellan Andrew Sessler Kenneth W. Nelson Anonymous Charles W. Bert Linda Burgos Blaine C. McKusick John L. Speier Mary L. Nelson Rudi Ansbacher Robert Cregar Berwick Richard M. Burian Fred W. McLafferty Chauncey Starr Sheila Nicklas George W. Anthony Hans Albrecht Bethe Mary Anne Burke Gordon E. Moore H. Guyford Stever Kenneth Nozaki Evan H. Appleman Jay A. Berzofsky Stanley C. Burket Peter B. Myers Diane E. Tachmindji Judith K. Nyquist Phipps Arabie Philippe Bey Kenneth A. Burkholder Jose Ulysses P. Neto Charles H. Townes William M. O'Fallon James H. Ard Nancy B. Bhargava Peter R. Buseck Paula Bushby Char B. Crow, III George Ehrenfried William Fulkerson John Griffin Wright Hiatt Jacqueline Bussolari Jack E. Crow Henry L. Ehrlich Brenda M. Fuller Stanley Holmes Grigsby Linda Hill Donald G. Buth John H. Crowe Gae Eisenhardt Horace W. Furumoto Mikus Janis Grinberg Melvin J. Hill Michael Butterworth John C. Crowley Stephen L. Eittreim R. F. Gaeke Richard Grindeland James H. Hillman Frank M. Byers Kenneth Crumley John Ellingson Reinhard Gahbauer Joyce Grossman Ralph F. Hirschmann Jean L. Cadet Richard Cummings James B. Ellis Joseph G. Gall Wycliffe Grousbeck Ana Hitri Phyllis H. Cahn Kendrick Curry Timothy W. Ellis S. R. Gambino Wilhelm Gruissem Yiu Kee Ho Chris Caiazza Garniss Curtis David W. Emerson Walter Gamble Thomas P. Guerin David C. Hoaglin Michael J. Calderwood C. Chapin Cutler Carl Engelberger A. K. Ganguly Wilfred Guerra Donald E. Hoard Sara Caldwell Susan M. Daluge Edward L. Engelhardt Charles W. Gardner E. Guignon Marcus Hobbs Robert C. Calfee Bruce H. Dana Joseph S. Engenito R. H. Garstang Casey Gum Elvin L. Hoel Francisco O. Calvo William H. Danforth Sidney Epstein Joseph L. Gastwirth Benjamin F. Gundelfinger G. T. Hoff Thomas Campbell-Jackson Herbert A. David Charles W. Eriksen David M. Gates Parshotam D. Gupta E. D. Hoffleit Daniel B. Caplan Diane W. Davidson W. G. Ernst Joseph G. Gavin, Jr. Joseph Gurland Joe G. Hoffman Lynn Caporale Frank P. Davidson Paul Errett Thomas K. Gaylord D. Haase Robert L. Hoffman Nickie Cappella Charles S. Davis Ken Eschmann Adam P. Geballe Helen M. Habermann Brian Hofland Robert J. Carbonell Ruth M. Davis Walter H. Esselman Theodore H. Geballe Benjamin C. Hablutzel John L. Hofstra James A. Carlson Wallace Davis Gerald Estrin John E. Gehrmann Jerrier A. Haddad William Hogan Paul A. Carlson Chandler R. Dawson Thelma Estrin Lee E. Geiger Nancy L. Haigwood Karen A. Holbrook Howard Carr Craig Dees Noel H. Ethridge C. D. Gelatt, Jr. Michel T. Halbouty Marcia J. Holden David T. Carroll Kenneth Deghetto Felicia Etzkorn Claude P. Genain David H. Hall David Holman Luther J. Carter Joseph Degnan John E. Evans Sebastian George George E. Hall Don F. Holshouser Jay R. Carver Irving O. Dein Jonathan Evans J. Germroth Linda S. Hall John Holmstrom Alfred Case Kenneth L. Deines Robert E. Evenson Richard W. Getzinger Conrad Halling Raymond W. Holton James F. Case Peter Deines Thomas E. Everhart James S. Gibbons S. M. Halling D. K. Holway G. H. Cassell Victor Denenberg H. Douglas Fachnie R.G. Giffard Harold W. Halvorsen Ray Hood James J. Cavanaugh Barbara Dengler Daniel A. Facilla Irma Gigli George E. Ham C.W. Hoover Carlton M. Caves Jeanette W. Dennis Federico Faggin Mark L. Gilberstadt Walter J. Hamer B. E. Horner Leo P. Cawley Robin L. Dennis Fu Ren F. Fan Elmer G. Gilbert Ramon D. Hamilton John T. Horton Philip Cerniglia Paul M. Densen Thomas Fangman Leland H. Gile Daniel A. Hamlin Martin Per Horvath Kalpana Chakraburity Jack Denur Emmanuel Farber Kenneth A. Gilles David Horvitz

Benjamin C. Hammett 2001 Alphonse Chapanis Anne Deslattes Mays Theodore F. Fathauer Neal C. Gillespie Donna L. Hammond Seymour A. Horwitz Edgar M. Chase Cynthia Destaffany Charles S. Faulkner Charles C. Gillispie James E. Hamos Raymond W. Houde

James F. Cherry David K. Detweiler Robert Fay Forrest R. Gilmore Thomas Hampton James House REPORT Don B. Chesler J. E. Devalpine Frank H. Field Nicholas Gimbel James E. Hanchett Leland R. House Walter G. Chesnut Rudolph Dichtl John Field Frederic M. Glaser Counce Hancock Estil V. Hoversten

Peter Chesson Leah D. Dick Patrick Field Cindy Glass Thrift G. Hanks Laurence Howard ANNUAL Arthur Chester Robert F. Dickhoff Alison F. Fields Eli Glatstein Fred Hansen Russell Howard Laney Chouest Paul W. Dickson Roman O. Filipowicz Edward W. Glazener Helen G. Hansma Richard S. Howe 21 Pritindra Chowdhuri Richard D. Dietz Laurence Finberg Sarah B. Glickenhaus Robert P. Hanzlik R. R. Howell Mary L. Christie Joe Dietzgen John F. Finerty Richard Glover Fred P. Harchelroad Melissa Hsu

Luther Christman James C. Diggory Ruth L. Fischbach Robert G. Goelet J. Hardenbol H. M. Hubey AAAS Robert W. Christy Joseph R. Dipalma Michael E. Fisher Edward J. Goetzl John G. Harkins John P. Huchra Thomas D. Y. Chung D. J. Disraeli Alfred P. Fishman James F. Goff Richard J. Harms B. Jerry L. Huff Jesse Ciccone Walter E. Ditmars, Jr. Edward Fishman Michael Goldbaum Franklin M. Harold Roy M. Huffington Aaron Clark Allen Dixon Zachary Fisk Erwin Goldberg Don Harris Frank T. Hulswit David J. Clark Keith L. Dixon Frank W. Fitch Joshua Goldberg James D. Harris Duane E. Humlicek Eloise E. Clark Winifred W. Doane S. P. Fodor Marvin L. Goldberger Beverly Hartline William D. Hummon Ira G. Clark Wade A. Doares Robert H. Foote Ralph Golden Scott M. Harvey Frank P. Hungate Ralph M. Clark Robert T. Dobrowolski Gilbert B. Forbes Ricky Goldwasser Harold J. Haskins Eric Hunter Robert A. Clark Henry F. Dobyns Scott Forbes Edward D. Gomperts Ernest Hasselbrink Richard N. Hurd Barbara Clemmensen Robert B. Doll, Jr. Darhl Foreman Mary L. Good Marion P. Hatch Richard L. Hutchens Don Cline Virginia H. Donaldson Richard M. Forester Ward H. Goodenough William H. Hatheway Leonard S. Hyman Allister Clisham David C. Donoho Robert C. Forney Charles D. Goodman Michael G. Hauser M. Ingram Mary E. Clutter Charles Dorman William J. Forrest Felicitas D. Goodman Phillip T. Hauser Alex Inkeles Anna J. Coble H. J. Dorman Harold K. Forsen Joan Wright Goodman Francis T. Haxo John E. Irsak D. W. Cohen Albert T. Dosser Kathy L. Fosnaugh Richard H. Goodwin Edgar C. Hayden Masayoshi Itoh Jesse Cohen Robert W. Doty Kathryn Foster Albert E. Goss Raymond Hayes Jon W. Jacklet Morrel H. Cohen Edward J. Dougherty Patrick W. Foster Brian S. Gould Fernand Hayot Andrew O. Jackson Morris Cohen John Doull William O. Foye Gordon Gould Robert Hazen Donald C. Jackson Leonard A. Cole Gerald V. Doyle William Fraccaro Pierre Goupillaud David L. Heath James F. Jackson David C. Coleman Richard D. Drake Matthew M. Frank James Gower Richard L. Heberling Simon Jacob Otto H. Coleman Harold Dregne Cory Franzmeier Frances K. Graham H. L. Helfer Jerome J. Jacoby R. J. Collier Harold F. Drury Eleanor Fraser William C. Graustein C. T. Helmers, Jr. Russell M. Jaffe Richard H. Comer Phillip M. Dubois Hans Frauenfelder Nicholas Graves August C. Helmholz Karen S. Jakes Charles Compton Daniel A. Dubro Stephen E. Frazier Nancy M. Gray James Helvie Thomas N. James Robert H. Cordella, Jr. Jaquelin P. Dudley Cynthia French Richard E. Gray Madeline M. Henderson William H. Janeway Joseph M. Corson Louis Duenweg James H. French Sheila Hafter Gray Ernest Henley Bernard W. Janicki Susan Corwin William F. Durham J. K. Frenkel William M. Greeneberg Robert Henn Michael A. Janssen Gladys Cotter Alexandra Dworkin Elbert W. Friday David Greenewalt Edward C. Hermann Gary Jason Robert C. Cowen David P. Earle John A. Friedline M. R. C. Greenwood Susan W. Herring Gaspar Jay Richard H. Cox Wayne F. Echelberger, Jr. Richard Friedman Debra S. Grega Davis Hershey William M. Jefferies Harriet B. Creighton Pete Eckel Gabriel P. Frommer Sally Gregory Kohlstedt Linda A. Hershey Edward G. Jefferson William L. Crepet Frances B. Edens Edward M. Frymoyer Paul M. Grekin Howard Hertz Paul Jensen Walter J. Crichlow John A. Effenberger Shou Cheng J. Fu Nathaniel Grier John R. Hess John H. Jewell Edmund Crouch John F. Egan Harry W. Fulbright Harriet E. Griesinger Paul G. Hewitt Steven B. Jobst David Johnson Peh S. Ku Sidney C. Madden John S. Meyer Erik A. Nicolaysen Erik D. Johnson John F. Kuck Clifford K. Madsen Stuart Meyers Richard K. Niles James F. Johnson Mary Kuhns John R. Magan Kenneth C. Micetich Walter Dulany Niles, II Keith Johnson Sanjay Kumar Wayne E. Magee Kathy M. Michaels Thor Nilsen Lorna D. Johnson John W. Kunstadter Margaret Magendantz Oliverio Phillips Michelsen Todd Noebel Michael Johnson John W. Kusiak Fred C. Maienschein John W. Miles Richard C. Nolen-Hoeksema Peter D. Johnson Ellen Kuta Patricia Mail Derrick Miley Vicki & Craig Norberg-Bohm Richard A. Johnson Keith A. Kvenvolden Merry Witt Maisel Katherine B. Milikin Ronald P. Nordgren William L. Johnston Piotr A. Kwapisz John J. Majnarich Greg Miller Christer E. Nordman Margaret M. Jonah E. F. Labuda Stephen F. Malin Harry J. Miller M. Kent Norton Howard L. Jones Ted LaFleur Thomas E. Malone Howard C. Miller Nathaniel Novak Irene M. Jones Patrick H. Laing W. Malyj Orlando J. Miller Humberto Novales Kenneth M. Jones Arthur Lerner Lam David Man Ruth E. Miller Patricia H. Noyes Lucy W. K. Jones Joseph Gordon Lambert Edward Frederick Mann Steven L. Miller Wesley L. Nyborg Robert H. Jones Otto E. Landman Robert W. Mann Suzanne E. Miller J. P. O'Connell Erica C. Jonlin Andrew Lane Brill Virginia G. Mannick William F. Miller Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Jackiel W. Joseph Neal F. Lane T. E. Manning L. E. Millikan Dean Oester Arthur C. Josephs Jean K. Largis Scott L. Manske Guillermo Minnhaar William F. Offutt Michael M. Kaback Leah Lariccia Linda Mansker A. Mitchell Bruce S. Old Marjorie M. Kade Victor Lary Rudolph A. Marcus Mike Mitchell William A. Oliver Herbert Kaizer Patty H. Laswick Thaddeus Marczynski Don Miyada J. S. Olson Fred I. Kamemoto Gerald Laubach Alan J. Margolis John E. Mock Patricia Tekamp Olson Mitsuru Kano George H. Lauff Margaret H. Marino Sara P. Moesker Gilbert S. Omenn Yu-Pin Jack Kao Victor Laurie Hans Mark Mario J. Molina John O’Neil Janis Karklins Jeff Lawrence Steven Markman Robert L. Molinari Ynez Viole O’Neill James E. Kasper Walter R. Lawson Robert C. Marlay Lloyd J. Money William T. Oosterhuis Margaret Kasschau David H. Ledbetter David Marlowe Ernest J. Moniz Cindra Opalsky Samuel L. Katz L. M. Lederman T. J. Marlowe Eric Monson Susan C. Opava J.V. R. Kaufman Chi Chang Lee Cora B. Marrett Phillip Montgomery William J. Osher Robert L. Kellogg S. C. Lee Julian B. Marsh Christopher N. K. Mooers William J. Oswald Eamon Kelly S. R. Lehman J. H. Marshall Conrad T. Moore John B. Otto

2001 Rick G. Kelsey Robert H. Lentz John Martel David Moore Ralph P. Overend Daniel S. Kemp Virgil S. Lequire Elizabeth B. Martin Victoria Moore Tierney Albert H. Owens, Jr. Maurice Kemp Zafra Lerman Louis C. Martin Willard S. Moore Edgar P. Painter H. E. Kennedy Mark Lescoezec Mike Masquelier F. Paul Mooring Allison R. Palmer Charles F. Kennel Douglas M. Levin Michael Massagli Jose O. Morales C. Harvey Palmer

ANNUAL REPORT Anne Kernan Alan E. Leviton Lois Massaro John Moran John D. Palmer Nick Kernene Arthur T. Lewis David Massengill Thomas F. Moran Stelios Papadopoulos 22 Breene M. Kerr Edward B. Lewis Richard Massey Cathleen S. Morawetz Manuel Paredes Roger Ketcham Peter Libby Peter H. Masson Rosalind Morris Won H. Park Karen V. Kibler David A. Liberman Michael Allen Masters William S. Morris Joseph C. Parker W. M. Masters

AAAS Wayne R. Kidder Olga F. Linares Richard M. Morrow William Parker Art Kilner John P. Linderman Edward S. Matalka William P. Morrow Guy N. Parmenter Ivan King Earl W. Lindveit Robert G. Matlock Melvin L. Morse Richard M. Parry, Jr. Joseph A. King, Jr. Peter Lindsay Kathleen Shive Matthews Robert A. Morse Samuel Parshall Robert F. Kingsbury Leslie G. S. Linsley Randall Matthews Coleman W. Morton Jutta Parsons Toichiro Kinoshita William D. Lipe Donald R. Mattison Alan Michael Moss Rebecca J. Parsons Marcia Kinstler John H. Litchfield Linda A. Mauck Patricia H. Moyer Muhamed Pasha David L. Kirk Jeffrey C. Livas John S. Maulbetsch Katherine A. Muirhead Arthur A. Patchett Agnes Kiss Richard M. Locksley John Maunsell Kalinath Mukherjee Raymond B. Patterson Miles V. Klein Alan H. Lockwood Michael M. May Kate Murashige Charles Patton Ole J. Kleppa William Lockwood R. F. McAllister William H. Murdy James L. Patton Hanns Hasche Kluender James P. Lodge Elizabeth R. McAnarney Arthur T. Murphy Ronald P. Pawl Stephen Knight Mike Lodise Thomas A. McCabe C. J. Murphy H. Gil Peach James R. Knox Lee Loevinger Charles McCall Jeannine Murphy Chin Tzu Peng Bruce Koci Louis Lome Roger McClellan Cherry Ann Murray Edward E. Penhoet Thomas F. Koetzle Frederick Long Charles E. McCormack Kevin J. Murray David Penniman Candace Kohl William A. Longacre William D. McCormick Jonathan Murray Richard Peters James J. Kolata Dan L. Longo Patrick McCoy V. R. Murthy Richard M. Peters Adrienne Kolb Norman W. Lord Ed McCracken Donald E. Myers Robert B. Petersen C. H. Kolb Patricia C. Lorentzen John A. McCreight Gordon Myers Barbara A. Peterson Leland S. Kollmorgen F. B. Lotspeich Marshall M. McDonald G. Kay Nakamura D. E. Peterson Jerry J. Kollros Frank E. Lowther Tim McElvain Charles E. Needham Kathryn M. Peterson Anthony L. Komaroff Barbara Lozar Michelle McGowan Paul Neiman Ralph H. Petrucci Michael Koo Jerome S. Lukas Stuart L. McHugh Tim Nenno Gordon H. Pettengill C. R. Koons Ernest L. Lundelius John L. McLucas Franklin A. Neva Francis J. Pettis, Jr. John M. Kopper Julie Haynes Lutz Francis P. McManamon Owen J. Newlin James Pew Edward J. Kormondy Herman O. Lyle James J. McSharry Morris Newman Theodore Pian Catherine P. Koshland Carol Becker Lynch Mike Meacham Pauline Newman Herbert L. Pick Igor L. Kosin Thomas E. Lynch Paul T. Medici Robert W. Newman Evan C. Picoult Richard F. Kosobud Richard Maanum David D. Meisel Richard A. Newmark George F. Pieper Doris Krakusin Issam Maatouk Esther Menaker Thomas W. Newton Karl A. Piez Bernard Kravitz Renan Macias John R. Menke Peter Nicholakakos Dennis R. Pilarczyk Douglas Kreitzberg Mark P. Mack Thomas A. Merrick Lois A. Nicholson Wellington J. Pindar Rod Krich David B. MacKenzie Eric Meslin Richard S. Nicholson Omer A. Pipkin Robert E. Krueger Saunders MacLane Glenn L. Metzger Bruce Nicklas Michael Pirrung Carl Plager Sharon Rogers Robert Paul Siemann Michael Stout Charles Varsel Richard J. Plano Robert J. Rohn Willys Silvers Carl F. Stover Lydia Villa Komaroff Steven Plust Hugh Rose Samuel C. Silverstein Douglas C. Strain Sam Vinson Stephen Poe Kenneth L. Rose Charles A. Simenstad Alexander Strasser Clyde E. Vogeley James H. Pomerene Steven Rosenberg Robert Simmons Walter J. Strauss Detlev R. Vogler Wilson G. Pond Mark R. Rosenzweig David J. Simons Barbara A. W. Streeten John Voss James L. Pool Bernard Ross Donald M. Simons D. J. Strickland David F. Votaw Diana M. Poor David C. Ross Roy Simonson John Stringer Angelica Vrablic Alfred Pope Bryant W. Rossiter Santosh Sinha Jack Strom Allen W. Waldo Arturo G. Porras J. E. Rowe Maxine F. Singer F. W. Studier Charles P. Wales Kathleen Postlethwait J. M. Rowe Anna L. Skalak Joan C. Suit Jocelyn M. Wallace Patrice Pothier F. S. Rowland Gilbert J. Sloan Kathryn D. Sullivan Richard Wallick George M. Powell Thomas C. Royer L. J. Sloss Eric Sundquist Robert Walsh Spencer S. Prentiss Ellis M. Rubinstein Charles G. Smith Patrick Suppes Henry F. Walter Howard Preston William D. Ruckelshaus Charles J. Smith Jerome J. Suran J. G. Ward G. B. Price Klaus Ruedenberg Doris K. Smith R. Suskind Richard Ward Jean S. Price James S. Ruhoff Edward Smith S. R. Suskind Frank W. Warner Julius S. Prince Rafael Ruiz Gonalez Geoffrey Smith Harold Sutton Nancy E. Warner William M. Protheroe Pete Runde George F. Smith G. Marie Swanson Steven F. Warren Dan E. Purcifull Joyce E. Rundhaug Georgia F. Smith Melvin J. Swanson F. M. Warzel Derek L. Pursey L. M. Russakoff James L. Smith Robert Swanson John T. Washington Frank W. Putnam August I. Ryer James R. Smith Roy C. Swingle Marvin Wasserman Richard C. Putnam B. Salafsky John T. Smith Paul Swisher David K. Watkins Kedar D. Pyatt David T. Salant Lewis G. Smith Scott N. Swisher Holly Watson Mary E. Quinn Robert Salomon Linda Smith Irvin L. Tailleur Gordon Watts Habib Rahman Thomas K. Samec Linda C. Smith Marc Z. Talisman Christopher S. Weaver Robert W. Rasch Michael J. Samek Richard W. Smith Susan H. Tam Donald Weber George B. Rathmann Paul E. Sandorff Steven W. Smith Gligor Tashkovich Marjorie K. Webster Barry J. Ratzkin Jerome N. Sanes Waldo G. Smith Robert A. Taub Thomas J. Weeks Lawrence L. Rauch Norbert P. Sarnow William R. Smith-Vaniz Aubrey E. Taylor John David Weinland Ned S. Raun William J. Saucier Dale R. Snider Louise E. Taylor Robert Weinstock

2001 Gordon C. Rausser Robert A. Savitt John L. Snyder Scott Taylor Warren B. Weisberg John Rawson David S. Saxon Richard Snyder Robert B. Teague Malcolm P. Weiss

George G. Reader Howard K. Schachman Thomas D. Snyder Michael L. Telson Max T. Weiss REPORT Robert Reddick David Schechter Dieter Soell Constantine H. Tempelis John H. Weitz James R. Redmond Claire L. Schelske Joseph K. Soldat John W. Terborgh Milton W. Weller

David P. Reed Mark Schena David Eugene Solomacha Lewis M. Terman Jon A. Wellner ANNUAL Jack W. Reed Andrew Schindzielorz John Solters Frederick H. Test Robert D. Wells John S. Reed Evert I. Schlinger Robert W. Sommer Edward J. Thacker William G. Wells 23 Lester J. Reed Mark Schneider Charles M. Sommerfield Haragopal Thadepalli David P. Wentroble D. P. Reedy Robert F. Schneider Kurt Sorensen Glenn E. Thomas Edmund G. Wermund

John S. Reese Claude H. Schmidt Donald P. Speer Henry T. Thompson Charles A. Wert AAAS Rodney D. Reeves Dale Schoeller Thomas M. S. Spencer Anthony Thompson Robin L. Wesselschmidt Mark Regets Robert Schoen Joel S. Spira Stephen Thompson Jane A. Westfall James C. Register Leonard Schreier George A. Spix Eric J. Thorgerson Robert D. Westfall George Reid Julian I. Schroeder Sandy Spurlock David C. Tiemeier Jerome M. Westheimer Arthur G. Rempel Donald A. Schuder Mary C. St. John Nancy S. Timmerman Larry Edward Westphal William E. Rempel Rick Schuder Yitzhak Stabinsky L. Tobacman Mary Christine Wetzel Ronald Renaud G. E. Schuh Paul K. Stafford Bert M. Tolbert Jack R. Weyland Malcolm M. Renfrew Thelma Schultz David G. Stahl John G. Topliss Ralph Wharton Richard L. Renfro Robert C. Seamans John Stamatoyannopoulos Claudine Torfs Fred L. Whipple Curt Renshaw Norman E. Searle David Stanisa Jill O’Donnell Tormey Clayton S. White John A. Replogle Ronald H. Segal Edward L. Stanley Robert W. Touchberry Harry C. White Charles Resnick Bernard Z. Senkowski Michael Stanley Thomas K. Toyama Irvin L. White Mary E. Reuder Leo A. Senneville Barbara H. Stanton Paul Travers James White Edward K. Rice Charles E. Seth Orestes N. Stavroudis Edward O. Treesh Philip L. White Frederic M. Richards Richard B. Setlow Dusan Stefoski Richard T. Trelfa R. S. White Burton Richter John W. Severinghaus Bob Steininger David C. Trimble Stephanie A. White G. W. Richter John Sewell Joan A. Steitz Virginia Trimble James R. Whitley Joseph Rienzi Abdulalim Shabazz Jack S. Steller Alvin W. Trivelpiece Edward Whittaker Gary D. Rifkin Douglas R. Shanklin Thomas E. Stelson Paul Troxell Thomas Whittam Chris Riggins David H. Sharp Leonard Stephenson, Jr. A. F. Troyer James R. Wilcox Stuart Riggs Emma Shelton Milton Sterman James C. Tsang Clayton A. Wiley Matilda Riley Paul F. Shepard John A. Stern Kwok Yin Tsang Marilyn E. Wilhelm Robert R. Robbin William M. Sherrill Julius J. Stern Clifford P. Tsuboi Steven B. Wilkinson Deanna S. Robbins T. Shi Thomas W. Stern Stephen R. Turner Clinton Williams A. R. Robinson Oved Shifriss Marci Sternheim Deborah Turski Mary A. Williams Kirk Robinson Jhih-Shyang Shih H. Adam Stevens Daniel Tutas George A. Williams Walter Robinson Michael Shirreffs John C. Stewart Thomas E. Twitchell Isaac Willis William K. Roberts W. Shropshire John H. Stewart Adrian Tymes Seth Willis Morris Rockstein Moras L. Shubert Robert D. Stiehler Goro Uehara Christopher B. Wilson Theodore Rockwell Lee Shulman Joseph R. Stimers Millard K. Underwood Linda S. Wilson G. Rodgers Michael S. Shumate James Stolzenbach Pablo Valenzuela Benjamin Wolf John S. Rodgers Robert F. Shurtz Shepard B. Stone James van Artsdalen Stephen S. Wolff John S. Roe Eric Siegel Susan E. Stopek William P. van Eseltine Dael L. Wolfle Elizabeth Roemer Herbert S. Siegel Bayard T. Storey Andrew J. van Horn Gloria F. Wolinsky Benjamin Wolozin Harold T. Conrad Makio Murayama Corporations and Foundations Wodicka Family Trust Albert E. Wood Forrest W. Cross Estella K. Mysels WorldCom Foundation David Woodley Leo Danzker L. D. Neistadt Abbott Laboratories Fund David P. Woody Paula T. DePriest Samuel J. Nelson Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Other Organizations Mary Woolley Robert F. Dickhoff Larry Niven Asia Foundation Thomas Wu Ursula Dietrich Beverly Nodes Avery Charity Fund Agency for Science, Technology & Research Robert E. Yager William R. Dorsey David C. Nutt Bigeleisen Living Trust (A*STAR) J. W. Yahnke Donald Douglas Jitka Olander Boeing Company American Chemical Society Armon F. Yanders Diane M. Duffy John F. O'Leary Burroughs Wellcome Fund American Geophysical Union Wen Yang Marvin D. Dunnette William J. Oswald Carnegie Corporation of New York American Mathematical Society Bob Yasi Robert Ehrlich Moo K. Park Center for Public Domain American Philosophical Association John Yavorsky Carol S. Eisenberg Frank A. Pepe Charlotte & Arthur Zitrin Foundation American Physical Society Harry C. Yeatman Rita V. Elmore Richard L. Perrine Chase Manhattan Foundation American Physiological Society Vijay V. Yeldandi Philip Erlich Arnold J. Phifer CIIT: Centers for Health Research American Psychological Society Genevieve Yellin David W. Faris James F. Pletcher Commonwealth Fund American Society for Microbiology Kelvin Yen Rose R. Feiner Richard E. Poppele Compusational Physics, Inc. American Sociological Association Yung Tsai Yen Felix Feldman Norman E. Prather Consolidated Chemical Works, LTD. Americans for Medical Progress Herbert York Gerald J. Foner David E. Price Davis Family Trust Association Liaison Office David E. Young C. G. E. Foucar Jacob R. Raitt Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation British National Space Centre F. W. Young Charles A. Fowler John R. Raymond Drown Family Trust Canadian Institutes of Health Research Wei Young Joseph H. Gainer Don D. Reeder Eli Lilly and Company Foundation (CIHR) Andrew L. Zachary John F. Gall David W. Riley Ellison Medical Foundation Celera Peter J. Zanzucchi James E. Gibson James V. Robinson Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund Department of Arts, Culture, Science, & Jerrold H. Zar Roger Gilmont Pat Robinson Food Technology Resource Group Technology, South Africa (DACST) Jan A. Zeevaart Mendel T. Gordon Kenneth C. Rogers Ford Motor Company Fund Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Robert Ziff Michael P. Grissom Ronald E. Roll Forensic Sciences Foundation, Inc. Engineering Information Foundation Adrienne L. Zihlman Howard R. Hart Nancy G. Roman Forney Family Foundation Environmental Protection Agency Steven Zimmermann Hershel J. Hausman Eugene A. Rosa Foundation for Child Development Food and Drug Administration Dorothy Zinberg Evelyn Havir Abraham Rosenzweig GlaxoSmithKline Institute of Electrical and Electronic Paul J. Zinke James D. Helvie Melvin Ross Golden Family Foundation Engineers, USA Brian Zinn John E. Herp Thomas C. Rutan Greenwall Foundation Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago

2001 James J. Zuiches David L. Hoats Eric Saund William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Joint Institute for Food Safety Research Arnold Zwicky Paul D. Hoeprich Charles H. Sawyer Institute for Civil Society Merck Frosst Canada Edward P. Hollis Kenneth R. Schultz IBM Corporation Merck Sharp & Dohme Da Vinci Circle Randall G. Hulet Edward Schwarz J. Roderick MacArthur Foundation Merck Institute of Aging and Health $35 - $99 David E. Illig Silvan S. Schweber Joyce Mertz-Gilmore Foundation National Aeronautics and Space

ANNUAL REPORT Jason Acimovic Antonino Incardona Harvey I. Scudder Kodosky Foundation Administration Thurman H. Albertson Neil H. Jacoby Donald C. Seeley Korean Science Foundation National Council for Science and the 24 Robert S. Alexander William A. Jenner Walter E. Sepp Leighty Foundation Environment Lowell L. Anderson George John John Sharp Leo L. Beranek Foundation National Institutes of Health Naoko Arai David C. Johnston Maryjane C. Showers Lutron Electronic Co., Inc. National Park Foundation Mary L. and William J. Osher Foundation National Research Foundation, South Africa

AAAS Robert G. Arnold Allen P. Kaplan Wallace R. Soderquist Ann E. Aulabaugh David G. Kaufman Cherrill M. Spencer Monsanto Company National Science Foundation Daniel L. Azarnoff I. C. Kaufman Albert T. Steegmann Mysels Family Trust DTD Netherland Organization for Scientific Bruce L. Bailey Wayne F. Keim George L. Steffens New York Times Company Foundation Research (NWO) James D. Barger James W. Kerr Robertson Stevens Nuclear Threat Initiative North Atlantic Treaty Organization Melver R. Barnes Wilfred M. Kincaid Philip G. Strauss David and Lucile Packard Foundation Singapore Economic Development Board Joseph B. Beard M. M. Knuepfer Mark L. Sundquist Paul M. Pepper Family Trust (EDB) Gilbert W. Beebe Albert C. Kovelesky Robert J. Swain Philadelphia Center for Religion and Subaru Jake Bello Robert D. Kracke John M. Teem Science Texas A&M University Charles Benedict Marianne D. Lakatos Andrea J. Tenner Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Christopher D. Benjamin George M. Langford David W. Thornburg Ploughshares Fund Cultural Organization Paul F. Bente Elizabeth M. Langstroth Harold K. Ticho Esther B. Raun Rev. Trust United States Agency for International Marie H. Berg Thomas H. Laurent David Tillay Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund Development Jerome R. Berman Catrice Le Veau Andrew S. Tomcufcik Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving United States Department of Agriculture Philip G. Berman David Ledden P. D. Tuttle Seattle Foundation United States Department of Commerce Susan L. Bernhard Arlene Lennox Wilton E. Vannier Siemens Foundation United States Department of Defense Larry H. Bernstein Philip Lichtenberg Stanley Vickers State Street Corporation United States Department of Energy Jacob Bigeleisen Arthur L. Lyons Robert R. Wagner Summit Charitable Foundation United States Department of Justice Bigeleisen Living Trust Gail H. Marcus Mark E. Weaver John Templeton Foundation United States Department of State Charles W. Bishop Mark Markham Fred H. Werner Times Mirror Foundation Alan Bleier George Markstein Robert M. White Turner Foundation Matching Gift Companies David D. Blyth William L. Marsh Garnett Whitehurst UNISYS U.S. Civilian Research & Development American Express John B. Bockelmann Merle S. Masri Maurice M. Whitten Chase Manhattan Foundation Charles A. Bordner Paul R. Mathewson James R. Wilson Foundation Virginia Wellington Cabot Foundation Eli Lilly and Company Foundation Everett F. Britz Layton L. McCoy Jeanette Winter GlaxoSmithKline Edmund H. Brown Thomas A. Mehlhorn Gloria F. Wolinsky Whitaker Foundation Walter and Elise Haas Fund IBM Harold Brown Roy W. Meinke J. W. Woodbury Pfizer Matching Gift Center Karolyn Burkhart-Schultz A. R. Miller Thomas F. Woolf William & Mary Swartz Foundation Veronica D. Burton Ronald D. Miller Alfred Yankauer Leon Cander Wilbur H. Miller Milton Zaitlin John E. Castle Ichiro Miyagawa John G. Zoll This report reflects gifts received from 1 January 2001 through 31 December 2001 and includes Patron John V. Cathcart Janos Molnar Members. Jan Chlebowski John R. Moore James S. Clegg Robert Morris The compilers have carefully reviewed the names that appear. However, omissions and errors may occasionally occur. If your name is not listed or is listed incorrectly, please accept our apologies, and bring the mistake to our Stirling A. Colgate Henry M. Munger attention by calling 202.326.6636. Thank you. *BOARD OF DIRECTORS OUR STAFF

Chair Chief Executive Officer and Executive Publisher Mary L. Good Alan I. Leshner University of Arkansas at Little Rock Chief Financial & Administrative Officer President Phillip Blair Peter H. Raven Missouri Botanical Gardens Science Advisor President-Elect Philip H. Abelson Floyd E. Bloom The Scripps Research Institute Executive Office Affairs Director: Gretchen Seiler Treasurer David E. Shaw Education and Human Resources Directorate D.E. Shaw & Co., Inc. Director: Shirley M. Malcom

Treasurer - Emeritus International Office William T. Golden Acting International Officer: Alan I. Leshner

2001 Chief Executive Officer Office of Development Alan I. Leshner

REPORT AAAS Chief Development Officer: Megan A. Rock

Lewis M. Branscomb Office of the Editor In-Chief ANNUAL John F. Kennedy School of Government Editor-In-Chief: Donald Kennedy Executive Editor: Monica Bradford Nina V. Federoff Pennsylvania State University Office of Human Resources

AAAS Director: Alison French Karen A. Holbrook University of Georgia Office of Public Programs Sally Gregory Kohlstedt Acting Director: Ginger Pinholster University of Minnesota Office of Publishing and Member Services Richard A. Meserve Publisher: Beth Rosner Nuclear Regulatory Commission Project 2061 Robert C. Richardson Acting Director: Jo Ellen Roseman Cornell University Science and Policy Programs Directorate Neena B. Schwartz Director: Albert Teich Northwestern University

Lydia Villa-Komaroff Northwestern University *As of January 2001

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