NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-637

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NOAATR NMFS SSRF-637

A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-637

""" «*4 co» U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service * . *'«r„ o« ,

Occurrence of Larval, Juvenile, and Mature Crabs in the Vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina

DONNIE L. DUDLEY AND MAYO H. JUDY

LIBRA** $8>l3t9f72 Woodf Hole,Masa.

SEATTLE, WA.

August 1971 NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS

National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report-Fisheries Series

The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also as- sists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report—Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rockville, Md. 20852. Recent SSRF's are:

586. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. 601. Effect of flow on performance and behavior of Part VII: Observations of sea birds March 1964 chinook salmon in fishways. By Clark S. Thomp- to June 1965. By Warren B. King. June 1970, son. March 1970, iii + 11 pp., 8 figs., 3 tables. vi + 136 pp., 36 figs., 11 tables. 602. Biological characteristics of intertidal and fresh- 591. A bibliography of the lobsters, genus Homarus. water spawning pink salmon at Olsen Creek, By R. D. Lewis. January 1970, i + 47 pp. Prince William Sound, Alaska, 1962-63. By John H. Helle. May 1970, iii -f 19 pp., 11 figs., 5 592. Passage of adult salmon and trout through pipes. tables. By Emil Slatick. January 1970, iii + 18 pp., 8 figs., 12 tables. 603. Distribution and abundance of fish in the Yakima River, Wash., April 1957 to May 1958. By Ben- 594. Seasonal and areal distribution of zooplankton jamin G. Patten, Richard B. Thompson, and Wil- in coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine, 1967 and liam D. Gronlund. June 1970, iii + 31 pp., 26 1968. By Kenneth Sherman. July 1970, iii + figs., 37 tables. 8 pp., 6 figs., 3 tables. 604. The flora and fauna of a basin in central Florida 595. Size, seasonal abundance, and length-weight re- Bay. By J. Harold Hudson, Donald M. Allen, lation of some scombrid fishes from southeast and T. J. Costello. May 1970, iii + 14 pp., 2 figs., Florida. By Grant L. Beardsley, Jr., and William 1 table. J. Richards. May 1970, iii + 6 pp., 5 figs., 2 tables. 605. Contributions to the life histories of several penaeid shrimps (Penaeidae) along the south 596. Fecundity, multiple spawning, and description of Atlantic Coast of the United States. By William the gonads in Sebastodes. By John S. MacGregor. W. Anderson. May 1970, iii + 24 pp., 15 figs., 12 March 1970, iii + 12 pp., 6 figs., 7 tables. tables.

597. Fur seal investigations, 1967. By Bureau of 606. Annotated references on the Pacific saury, Colol- Commercial Fisheries Marine Mammal Biological abis saira. By Steven E. Hughes. June 1970, Laboratory. March 1970, vii + 104 pp., 31 figs., iii + 12 pp. 79 tables. 607. Studies on continuous transmission frequency 599 Diagnostic characters of juveniles of the shrimps modulated sonar. Edited by Frank J. Hester. Penaeus aztecus aztecus, P. duorarum duorarum, June 1970, iii -4- 26 pp. 1st paper, Sonar target and P. brasiliensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaei- classification experiments with a continuous- dae). By Isabel Perez Farfante. February transmission Doppler sonar, by Frank J. Hester, 1970, iii + 26 pp., 25 figs. pp. 1-20, 14 figs., 4 tables; 2d paper, Acoustic target strength of several species of fish, by H. W. 600. Birectilinear recruitment curves to assess in- Volberg, pp. 21-26, 10 figs. fluence of lake size on survival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhyiichus nerka) to Bristol Bay and fore- 608. Preliminary designs of traveling screens to col- cast runs. By Ralph P. Silliman. March 1970, lect juvenile fish. July 1970, v + 15 pp. 1st iii + 9 pp., 13 figs., 2 tables. paper, Traveling screens for collection of juvenile

Continued on inside back cover. MMOSft, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Maurice H. Stans, Secretary

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

Robert M. White, Administrator

NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE *»msn*

NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-637

Occurrence of Larval, Juvenile, and Mature Crabs in the Vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina

DONNIE L. DUDLEY AND MAYO H. JUDY

Marine Biological Laboratory LIBRARY SEP 1 3 1972 Woods Hole, Mass.

SEATTLE, WA.

August 1971

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents

CONTENTS

Page Introduction 1 Sampling stations and techniques 1 Seasonal occurrence of larval, juvenile and adult crabs 2 Larval crabs 2 Juvenile and adult crabs 6 Summary 6 Literature cited 9

Occurrence of Larval, Juvenile, and Mature Crabs in the

Vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina

DONNIE L. DUDLEY and MAYO H. JUDY Fishery Biologists

Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research Beaufort, North Carolina 28516

ABSTRACT

Monthly samples from 13 ocean stations near Beaufort Inlet, N.C., were examined for the occurrence of crab larvae in 1962. Larval collections were supplemented by sampling with a bottom trawl for juveniles and adults in 1962 and 1963. Trawling was restricted to a small area near the sea buoy at the Inlet. Larvae of 27 species of crabs were taken during the study and were most abundant during the summer and fall. Adults of 13 species of crabs occurred in the collections, with Callinectes sapidus, C. similis, Portimus gibbesii, Ovalipes ocellatus, and Hepatus epheliticus being the more prevalent.

INTRODUCTION Inlet and 13 km offshore (Figure 1). Stations 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10 were approximately 1.6 km During 1962 and 1963, as a part of the blue offshore and stations 3, 4, 7, 8, and 11 were ap- studies at National Marine Fisheries crab the proximately 6.5 km offshore. Stations 12 and plankton Service Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., 13 were 10 and 13 km offshore, respectively. samplers and bottom trawls were fished off- Stations were located about 4 km apart on an determine seasonal distribution shore to the east-west axis. Two samples were collected of various stages. Plank- and abundance crab twice a month at each station, one at 1 m and stations were sampled twice a month from ton the other at 8 m below the surface. Two 127-mm May through November 1962, and bottom diameter Clark-Bumpus plankton samplers, adult trawl samples for juvenile and crabs equipped with nylon net with 526-/* mesh taken twice a month from June 1962 were openings and a cap with 390-yu. mesh openings, through December 1963. The study provided were used for sampling. Samples were collected present their information on the species and by fishing the two samplers simultaneously for spawning. Also, our knowledge of time of 10 min. The samples were preserved in 2% the size of the populations increased. crab was formaldehyde in 120-ml jars. Three 4-ml ali- quots of each sample were examined for crab SAMPLING STATIONS AND larvae. Two 30-min hauls with a 8.5-m otter trawl TECHNIQUES were made twice a month near the sea buoy

Larvae were collected in the ocean at 13 (Figure 1, station 3) in 11 to 14 m of water. plankton stations in an area extending approx- The trawl was constructed of nylon netting imately 8 km east and west of the Beaufort with 22-mm mesh (bar measure) in the body W

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Figure 1. —Plankton sampling stations in vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, Beaufort, N.C. and 13-mm mesh in the cod end. Relative curred during all months sampled (May abundance, size, sex, and stage of sexual ma- through November) with the highest catches turity of the females were obtained for each in June, July, and August. Callinectes spp. species present. The egg mass or sponge, if larvae were taken at all stations but greater present, was recorded either as orange, first laid concentrations were found at the offshore sta- eggs, or as black, mature eggs ready to hatch. tions and generally were caught near the surface. Of special interest was the presence of Callinectes (stages 2 and 3) at offshore stations LARVAL, SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF 12 and 13. Nichols and Keney (1963) found JUVENILE, AND ADULT CRABS the more advanced stages of Callinectes 64 to 97 km offshore in plankton collections from the Larval Crabs Theodore N. Gill cruises. In our samples megalops larvae (last larval stage) were col- Plankton collections contained 27 different lected only occasionally and then only in small types of crab larvae. Callinectes spp. were numbers. identified as to larval and megalops stages. One of the more abundant genera, Uca, was Other crabs were identified only as to genus prevalent from May through August but not or species (Tables 1, 2, and 3). The most after September. This genus was well repre- abundant genus was Callinectes which oc- sented in the collections at most stations but e ni oT

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H01 only a few were taken at the offshore stations spawning (black sponges observed) of C. sim- (12 and 13). Uca spp. larvae were taken in ilis occurred during September and October, equal numbers at both the 1-m and the 8-m while peak spawning of C. sapidus occurred depths. The megalops stages were collected during June, July, and August. Even though only during August, September, and October. some overlap in spawning occurred, this time Neopanope spp. occurred from May through difference in "prime hatching periods" could November and were most numerous at the 8-m serve as a guide in separating the larvae of depth and inshore stations. This genus was the two forms. found only four times at stations 12 and 13, Portunus gibbesii are year round inhabitants and only at the 8-m depth. of this area occurring in greater numbers dur- Pinnixa spp. occurred at all stations and ing June, July, and August. Females bearing during all months of sampling, May through egg masses were found principally during May November. Occurrence was greatest at the and June. 8-m depth. Ovalipes ocellatus were numerous during Portunus gibbesii occurred in relatively large June and July and probably are winter spawn- numbers at all stations from May through No- ers because only four were taken with sponge, vember. More were taken at the 1-m depth two in October, one in December, and one in and higher concentrations occurred from May February. The larvae were not identified in through August. The offshore stations were our plankton collections but could have been more productive. one of the unknowns. Hepatus spp. occurred in relatively large Portunus spinimanus were most abundant numbers during July, August, and September; from July through October. Only a few sponge best catches were near the surface at offshore females were taken, mostly in June. The lar- stations. vae were not identified in our plankton collections.

Juvenile and Adult Crabs SUMMARY

One of the more abundant species collected with the bottom trawl was the blue crab, Cal- Larval, juvenile, and adult forms of 11 fam- linectes sapidus (Table 4). Adults were quite ilies and some 28 species were collected in the common from June through September, and vicinity of Beaufort Inlet. Several other un- immature forms were more abundant during identified larval crab species were also collected June and July. The adult population was al- during the study. Most species occurred in most 95% females. Male crabs are generally greatest numbers during summer and early found in the lower saline waters of this area, fall. Generally only first and second stage Cal- primarily in the upper Newport River, Neuse linectes larvae were collected; other species River, etc. More than 50% of the females were not identified as to stage. The megalops caught during June, July, and August had a stage of only five genera were collected and sponge (egg mass on the abdomen). The blue in relatively small numbers. crabs caught during January and February Trawl studies indicated when different crab 1963 were taken in an area where clam dredges species were most prevalent and when larvae were operating. Blue crabs normally are bur- might be present by noting females with egg ied in the soft bottom and are not available to mass. Sex ratios were approximately the same trawl gear at this time. Trawl samples in for most species except Callinectes sapidus, areas away from the dredge areas did not con- which were predominantly female both as im- tain blue crabs. matures and as matures. Callinectes similis also were common and oc- Larval, juvenile, and adult crabs collected in curred during most months but were most the Beaufort Inlet area during 1962 and 1963 abundant during July and August. Peak are shown in Table 5. ^ -h Gi t~~ cm a \n co © cx> CD 0» TT CM CM CM i2

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Table 5.—Checklist of larval, juvenile, and adult crabs 2. 1933. On larval forms of some Brachyura,

collected Beaufort Inlet area, N.C., during 1962 and Paper II ; a note on indeterminable 1963. zoeas. Rec. Oceanogr. Works Jap. 5 124-254. Scientific name Common name 3. 1937. Further notes on Brachyuran larvae. PORCELLANIDAE Rec. Oceanogr. Works Jap. 9: 87-162. Polyonyx gibbesi Haig 4. BROOKS, W. K., and E. B. WILSON. HIPPIDAE 1883. The first zoea of Porcellana. Stud. Biol. Lab., Johns Hopkins Univ. 2: Emerita tatyoida (Say) Mole crab LEUCOSIIDAE 58-64. 5. CHAMBERLAIN, N. A. Persephona punctata Rathbun Purse crab 1961. Studies on the larval development of CALAPPIDAE Neopanope texana sayi (Smith) and Calappa flammea (Herbst) Box crab other crabs of the family Xanthidae Hepatus epheliticus (Linnaeus) Calico crab (Brachyura). Chesapeake Bay Inst, PORTUNIDAE Johns Hopkins Univ., Tech. Rep. 22, Ovalipes ocellatus (Herbst) Spotted lady crab 35 p. Ovalipes quadulpensis (Saussure) Lady crab 6. COSTLOW, JOHN D., JR., and C. G. BOOK- Portunas sayi (Gibbes) HOUT. Portunas gibbesii (Stimpson) 1959. The larval development of Callinectes Portuniis spinimanus Latreille sapidus Rathbun reared in the lab- Callinectes sapidus Rathbun Blue crab 1 oratory. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) Callinectes similis Ordway1 116: 376-396. Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck) Speckled crab 7. 1960. The complete larval development of CANCRIDAE Sesarma cinereum (Bosc) reared in borealis Stimpson crab Cancer Jonah the laboratory. Biol. Bull. (Woods XANTHIDAE Hole) 118: 203-214. Pilumnus spp. 8. 1961. The larval development of Eurypanop- Menippe mercenaria (Say) Stone crab eus depressus (Smith) under labora- Neopanope texana sayi (Smith) tory conditions. Crustaceana 2: 6-15.

Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith) Flat mud crab 9. 1961. The larval stages of Panopeus herbstii Panopeus herbstii Milne-Edwards reared in the labora- H. Milne-Edwards Common mud crab tory. J. Elisha Mitchill Sci. Soc. 77: PINNOTHERIDAE 33-42. Pinnotheres ostreum Say Oyster crab 10. 1962. The larval development of Hepatus Pinnotheres maculatus Say Mussel crab epheliticus (L.) under laboratory con- Dissodactylus mellitae Rathbun ditions. J. Elisha Mitchill Sci. Soc. Pinnixa spp. 78: 113-125. GRAPSIDAE 11. 1962. The larval development of Sesarma Pachygrapsus transversus reticulatum Say reared in the labora- (Gibbes) Mottled shore crab tory. Crustaceana 4: 281-294. Sesarma spp. 12. HARDY, ALISTER C. OCYPODIDAE 1956. The planktonic Crustacea. In Alister Uca spp. Fiddler crab C. Hardy, The open sea, its natural MAJIDAE history: The world of plankton, p. Libinia emarginata Leach Spider crab 156-177. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Libinia dubia H. Milne-Edwards Spider crab 13. HAY, W. P., and C. A. SHORE. 1918. The decapod crustaceans of Beaufort, 1 Only juvenile and adult form of Callinectes similis N.C., and the surrounding region. were identified. [U.S.] Bull. Bur. Fish. 35: 369-475. 14. HYMAN, O. W. 1920. The development of Gelasimus after hatching. J. Morphol. 33: 485-501. 15. 1925. Studies on larvae of crabs of the fa- LITERATURE CITED mily Pinnotheridae. Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus. 64(2497) : 1-9. 16. 1925. Studies on larvae of crabs of the fa- (Citations have been numbered to permit easy ref- mily Grapsidae. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. erence in tables) 65(2532) : 1-8.

1. AIKAWA, HIROAKI. 17. 1926. Studies on the larvae of crabs of the 1929. On larval forms of some Brachyura. family Xanthidae. Proc. U.S. Nat.

Rec. Oceanogr. Works Jap. 2: 17-55. Mus. 67(2575) : 1-22. 18. LUNZ, G. ROBERT, JR. 23. 1925. The spider crabs of America. Bull. 1937. Xanthidae (mud crabs) of the Caro- U.S. Nat. Mus. 129, 613 p. linas. Charleston Mus. Leafl. 9: 9-28. 24. 1930. The cancroid crabs of America of the 19. NICHOLS, PAUL R., and PEGGY M. KENEY. families Euryalidae, Portunidae, Atel- ecyclidae, Cancridae and Xanthidae. 1963. Crab larvae (Callinect.es) , in plankton collections from cruises of M/V The- Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 609 p. odore N. Gill, South Atlantic coast of 25. REES, GEORGE H. the United States, 1953-54. U.S. Fish 1959. Larval development of the sand crab Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 448, Emerita talpoida (Say) in the laboratory. Biol. 14 p. Bull (Woods Hole) 117: 356-370. 20. PORTER, HUGH J. 26. RYAN, EDWARD PARSONS. 1960. Zoeal stages of the stone crab, Menippe 1956. Observations on the life histories and mercenaria Say. Chesapeake Sci. 1: the distributions of the Xanthidae 168-177. (mud crabs) of Chesapeake Bay. 21. RATHBUN, MARY J. Amer. Midland Natur. 56: 138-162. Nat. 1896. The genus Callinectes. Proc. U.S. 27. WILLIAMS, AUSTIN B.

Mus. 18(1070) : 349-375. 1965. Marine decapod crustaceans of the 22. 1918. The grapsoid crabs of America. Bull. Carolinas. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., U.S. Nat. Mus. 97, 461 p. Fish. Bull. 65: 1-298.

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5 WHSE 01819

salmon (models I and II), by Daniel W. Bates Donald S. Day, January 1971, iii -f 94 pp., 19 and John G. Vanderwalker, pp. 1-5, 6 figs., 1 figs., 13 tables. table; 2d paper, Design and operation of a canti- levered traveling fish screen (model V), by Dan- 620. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. iel W. Bates, Ernest W. Murphey, and Earl F. Part IX: The sea-level wind field and wind stress Prentice, 10 figs., 1 table. values, July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iii + 66 pp., 5 figs. 609. Annotated bibliography of zooplankton sampling devices. By Jack W. Jossi. July 1970, iii + 621. Predation by sculpins on fall chinook salmon, 90 pp. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fry of hatchery or- igin. By Benjamin G. Patten. February 1971, 610. Limnological study of lower Columbia River, iii + 14 pp., 6 figs., 9 tables. 1967-68. By Shirley M. Clark and George R. Snyder. July 1970, iii + 14 pp., 15 figs., 11 tables. 622. Number and lengths, by season, of fishes caught with an otter trawl near Woods Hole, Massa- 2 611. Laboratory tests of an electrical barrier for con- chusetts, September 1961 to December 196 . trolling predation by northern squawfish. By By F. E. Lux and F. E. Nichy. February 1971, Galen H. Maxfield, Robert H. Lander, and iii + 15 pp., 3 figs., 19 tables. Charles D. Volz. July 1970, iii -f 8 pp., 4 figs., 5 tables. 623. Apparent abundance, distribution, and migra- tions of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, on the North 612. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Pacific longline grounds. By Brian J. Rothschild Part VIII: Sea-level meteorological properties and Marian Y. Y. Yong. September 1970, v + and heat exchange processes, July 1963 to June 37 pp., 19 figs., 5 tables. 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iv -f 129 pp., 6 figs., 8 tables. 624. Influence of mechanical processing on the quality and yield of bay scallop meats. By N. B. Webb 613. Sea-bottom photographs and macrobenthos col- and F. B. Thomas. April 1971, iii + 11 pp., 9 lections from the Continental Shelf off Massa- figs., 3 tables. chusetts. By Roland L. Wigley and Roger B. Theroux. August 1970, iii + 12 pp., 8 figs., 2 625. Distribution of salmon and related oceanographic tables. features in the North Pacific Ocean, spring 1968. By Robert R. French, Richard G. Bakkala, Ma- 614. A sled-mounted suction sampler for benthic or- sanao Osako, and Jun Ito. March 1971, iii + ganisms. By Donald M. Allen and J. Harold 22 pp., 19 figs., 3 tables. Hudson. August 1970, iii + 5 pp., 5 figs., 1 table. 626. Commercial fishery and biology of the fresh- 615. Distribution of fishing effort and catches of skip- water shrimp, Macrobrachium, in the Lower St. jack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, in Hawaiian Paul River, Liberia, 1952-53. By George C. Mil- waters, by quarters of the year, 1948-65. By ler. February 1971, iii + 13 pp., 8 figs., 7 tables. Richard N. Uchida. June 1970, iv + 37 pp., 6 figs., 22 tables. 629. Analysis of the operations of seven Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishing vessels, June-August 1967. 616. Effect of quality of the spawning bed on growth By Richard N. Uchida and Ray F. Sumida. and development of pink salmon embryos and March 1971, v + 25 pp., 14 figs., 21 tables. For alevins. By Ralph A. Wells and William J. Mc- sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Neil. August 1970, iii + 6 pp., 4 tables. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - 35 cents. 617. Fur seal investigations, 1968. By NMFS, Ma- rine Mammal Biological Laboratory. December 633. Blueing of processed crab meat. II. Identifica- 1970, iii + 69 pp., 68 tables. tion of some factors involved in the blue discol- oration of canned crab meat (Callinectes sapi- 618. Spawning areas and abundance of steelhead dus). By Melvin E. Waters. May 1971, iii + trout and coho, sockeye, and chum salmon in 7 pp., 1 fig., 3 tables. the Columbia River Basin - past and present. By Leonard A. Fulton. December 1970, iii + 37 pp., 636. Oil pollution on Wake Island from the tanker 6 figs., 11 maps, 9 tables. R. C. Stoner. By Reginald M. Gooding. May 1971, iii + 12 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. For sale by 619. Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By Price 25 cents. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION POSTAGE AND FEES PAID NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS STAFF BLDG. 67, NAVAL SUPPORT ACTIVITY SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98115

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