<<

Invertebrates

Identification Guide

for

ChesMMAP and NEAMAP Analysis Studies

Chesapeake Bay Multispecies Monitoring and Assessment Program Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program

11/28/2018

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This book is a compilation of identification resources for found in samples. By no means is it a complete list of all possible prey types. It is simply what has been found in past ChesMMAP and NEAMAP diet studies. A copy of this document is stored in both the ChesMMAP and NEAMAP lab network drives in a folder called ID Guides, along with other useful identification keys, articles, documents, and photos. If you want to see a larger version of any of the images in this document you can simply open the file and zoom in on the picture, or you can open the original file for the photo by navigating to the appropriate subfolder within the Gut Lab folder.

Other useful links for identification:

Isopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-33/htm/doc.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-48/htm/doc.html

Polychaetes http://web.vims.edu/bio/benthic/polychaete.html http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-34/htm/doc.html

Cephalopods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-44/htm/doc.html

Amphipods http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-67/htm/doc.html

Molluscs http://www.oceanica.cofc.edu/shellguide/ http://www.jaxshells.org/slife4.htm

Bivalves http://www.jaxshells.org/atlanticb.htm

Gastropods http://www.jaxshells.org/atlantic.htm

Crustaceans http://www.jaxshells.org/slifex26.htm

Echinoderms http://www.jaxshells.org/eich26.htm

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PROTOZOA () ...... 4 PORIFERA () ...... 4 (, HYDROIDS, ANEMONES) ...... 4 (COMB JELLIES)...... 5 PLATYHELMINTHES () ...... 5 (NEMERTEAN ) ...... 5 NEMATA ( WORMS) ...... 5 (SPINY-HEADED WORMS) ...... 5 PRIAPULA (CACTUS WORMS) ...... 5 ECTOPROCTA (BRYOZOANS) ...... 5 ...... 6

CHITONS ...... 6 GASTROPODS ...... 6 NUDIBRANCHS ...... 6 BIVALVES ...... 7 , ...... 11 ANNELIDA (SEGMENTED WORMS) ...... 12 (PEANUT WORMS) ...... 14 ( WORMS) ...... 15 ARTHROPODA ...... 15

HORSESHOE ...... 15 SPIDERS ...... 15 ...... 16 ...... 17 Cladocerans ...... 17 ...... 18 ...... 18 Stomatopods ...... 20 Amphipods ...... 20 Cumaceans ...... 25 Isopods ...... 25 Mysids ...... 27 Tanaids ...... 29 ...... 29 ...... 29 ...... 30 Crabs ...... 33 ECHINODERMATA...... 39

SEA STARS ...... 39 SEA URCHINS, DOLLARS ...... 39 SEA CUCUMBERS ...... 39 BRITTLE STARS ...... 39 CHORDATA ...... 40

SEA SQUIRTS ...... 40 ...... 40 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL ...... 41

ANIMAL ...... 41 ...... 41 MINERAL ...... 41

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0994 no sample 0995 unidentified 0629 unidentified

Phylum Porifera

FORAMINIFERA SPONGES Granuloreticulosea 0548 unidentified 1090 unidentified foram 0989 Haliclona loosanoffi

Phylum Cnidaria

JELLYFISHES 0900 unidentified

HYDROIDS Class Hydroida 0703 unidentified hydroids 1024 Diphasia spp. 0551 spp.

SEA ANEMONES Class \ Order Pennatulacea 0776 reniformis, Order Actiniaria 0643 unidentified sea anemones

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Phylum Ctenophora Phylum Priapula

COMB JELLIES PRIAPULID WORM 0774 unidentified comb jelly Priapulidae 0778 Priapulus caudatus

Phylum Platyhelminthes

FLATWORMS Class Order Priapulus caudatus 0935 unidentified flatworms

Phylum Nemertea Phylum Ectoprocta

1114 unidentified bryozoans NEMERTEANS 0572 unidentified nemertean 0575 Zygeupolia rubens, sharp-headed nemertean 1091 Malacobdella grossa

Phylum Nemata

NEMATODES 0901 unidentified nematode

MARINE BRYOZOANS Class 0689 unidentified marine bryozoans 0825 spp., dead man’s fingers

Phylum Acanthocephala

SPINY-HEADED WORMS 1105 unidentified acanthocephalan

Alcyonidium spp.

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Phylum Mollusca

0709 unidentified mollusc 5036 unidentified mollusc

CHITONS Class Polyplacophora Order 0501 apiculata, eastern beaded

Chaetopleura apiculata

SNAILS, DRILLS, NUDIBRANCHS Class 0884 unidentified or drill (aka unidentified gastropod) 0855 unidentified 0048 unidentified

5028 canaliculata, barrel bubble 0514 punctostriatus, pitted baby-bubble 0806 solitaria, solitary bubble

Rictaxis Acteocina Haminoea Acteocina canaliculata punctostriatus canaliculata solitaria

5027 spp., dove 5025 lunata, lunar dove snail 0737 Mitrella spp., dove snails 1049 fornicata, common Atlantic slipper shell 0881 Crepidula spp., slipper shells 0891 perspectivum, ear shell

Crepidula C. convexa C. plana Anachis spp. Mitrella fornicata lunata

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Phylum Mollusca (Gastropods continued)

0818 spp., periwinkles 0538 bidentatus, eastern melampus 0563 spp., seaweed snails 0838 cinerea, Atlantic drill

Littorina L. irrorata L. saxatilis L. obtusa (more Hydrobia spp. Melampus Urosalpinx littorea northern species) bidentatus cinerea

0742 trivittatus, New England 0506 Nassarius vibex, mottled dog whelk 1083 Nassarius spp., unidentified whelk

Nassarius trivittatus N. obsoletus N. vibex N. trivittatus

0704 duplicatus, - moon snail 0800 Polinices heros, moon snail 1059 unidentified moon snail 0984 varium, grass cerith 5015 interrupta, interrupted turbonilla 1021 Turbonilla spp., turbonillas 1158 rupicola, lined Polinices heros

Bittium varium

Epitomium Polinices Polinices duplicatus rupicola

CLAMS, , , Class 5039 unidentified 5003 unidentified 0498 unidentified bivalve

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Phylum Mollusca (Bivalves continued)

0790 unidentified jackknife/razor clams 0888 plebeius, stout tagelus 0803 Tagelus divisus 1020 Tagelus spp., tagelus 0816 directus, 0947 viridis, green jackknife clam

0820 spp., macoma clams 0583 Macoma balthica, baltic macoma 0964 Macoma mitchelli, Mitchell’s macoma 0584 , narrowed macoma

Macoma balthica Macoma mitchelli Macoma tenta

0801 arenaria, soft shell clam 0882 lateralis, dwarf surf clam

Mya arenaria Mya arenaria pieces

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Phylum Mollusca (Bivalves continued)

1053 unidentified 0802 edulis, 0842 recurvum, bent mussel 5024 , Atlantic ribbed mussel

0826 ovalis, ark 0886 , transverse ark 0558 Anadara spp., arks

Ischadium recurvum Anadara transversa A. ovalis

Mytilus edulis

5013 Gemma gemma, amethyst gemclam 1063 proxima, Atlantic nutclam 1068 velum, Atlantic awningclam 0022 magellanicus, sea

Gemma gemma

0837 cuneata, wedge rangia 0821 mercenaria, quahog 0091 solidissima, 0809 simplex, common jingle

Rangia cuneata Spisula solidissima Mercenaria mercenaria 9

Phylum Mollusca (Bivalves continued)

0836 spp., yoldia clam 0804 Lyonsia , glassy lyonsia 0805 costata, angel wing 0885 pholadiformes, false angel wing

Yoldia

Yoldia sapotilla Lyonsia hyalina Petricolaria pholadiformes

0819 virginica, common oyster 0938 aequalis, common Atlantic abra 0832 spp., mud clams

Crassostrea virginica Abra aequalis

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Phylum Mollusca (continued)

SQUID, OCTOPUSES Class Cephalopoda 0661 unidentified 1110 unidentified squid 0017 spp. 1028 Loligo pealeii, 0725 brevis, Atlantic brief squid 0854 vulgaris, common Atlantic shore octopus

Ilex illacebrosus

Loligo pealei Loligo pealei

Octopus vulgaris

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Phylum Annelida

LEECHES Class OLIGOCHAETES Subclass Hirudinea Class Clitellata 0883 unidentified leech Subclass Oligochaeta 0532 unidentified oligochaete

POLYCHAETES Class Polychaeta 0775 unidentified 0892 worm tubes 0645 Aphrodita hastata, sea mouse 1037 unidentified scale worm 0510 spp., clam worms 5010 Neanthes , clam worm

Aphrodita hastata Harmothoe spp. Lepidonotus spp. Neanthes succinea Nereis spp.

0697 Glycera spp., blood worms 0682 Drilonereis spp. 1071 Arabella iricolor, opal worm

iridescent jaw

4 black hook-like jaws Glycera spp. Drilonereis spp. Arabella iricolor

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Phylum Annelida (polychaetes continued)

1111 Diopatra cuprea, fringed worm 1097 Nothria spp. 1107 Goniada maculata, chevron worm

Nothria spp. Diopatra cuprea

maxilla & dental plates

mandibles Goniada maculata

0798 Terebellid worms 0667 Pectinaria gouldi, trumpet worm 0764 Pherusa affinis, broomworm 0668 Clymenella torquata, bamboo worm 0731 Maldanidae, bamboo worms

Clymenella torquata

Terebellidae Pectinaria gouldi Pherusa affinis

0754 Ophelia denticulata 1103 Travisia carnea 1115 Ophelina spp

Ophelia denticulata

Ophelina spp. Ophelia Travisia carnea denticulata

0925 variopedatus, parchment tube worm

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Phylum Annelida (polychaetes continued)

Arenicola spp., lugworm Polychaete #1 Polychaete #2

Polychaete #1

Arenicola spp. Polychaete #2

Phylum Sipuncula

SIPUNCULIDS 1109 unidentified sipunculid

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Phylum Echiura

BURROW WORMS 1089 Echiura, burrow worms

Echiura

Phylum Arthropoda

HORSESHOE CRABS Class Merostomata Order Family Limulidae 0603 Limulus polyphemus

legs and book molting 3 mm

SPIDERS Class Arachnida Order Araneae 0531 unidentified spider

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Phylum Arthropoda (continued)

INSECTS Class Insecta 0505 unidentified

0898 Coleoptera, beetles (adult) 0571 Hymenoptera, wasps/bees/ants 0564 Tricoptera, caddisflies

Coleoptera Hymenoptera Tricoptera

1014 Ephemeroptera, mayflies

Ephemeroptera

0512 Chironomidae, midge 1013 Chaoborus spp., phantom midges 0991 Formicidae, ants

Chironomidae Chironomidae Chaoborus spp. Formicidae

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Phylum Arthropoda (insects continued)

0913 Cicadellidae, leafhoppers 1048 Pentatomidae, stink bugs

Cicadellidae Pentatomidae

0521 Ephydridae, brine flies/shore flies 0958 Psychodidae, moth flies/sand flies 1017 Tabanidae, deer flies, horseflies

Ephydridae Psychodidae Tabanidae

CRUSTACEANS Crustacea 0673 unidentified crustaceans 1113 parts

CLADOCERANS Class Order Diplostraca 1016 Leptodora spp., cladocerans 0517 unidentified cladocerans 1015 Bosmina spp., cladocerans

unidentified Cladoceran Leptodora spp. Bosmina spp. Diaphanosoma brachyurum

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Phylum Arthropoda (Crustaceans continued)

COPEPODS Class Subclass Copepoda Orders Calanoida, Harpacticoida, Cyclopoida

5038 unidentified

0518 calanoid copepod 0509 harpacticoid copepod 0565 cyclopoid copepod

Calanoida Harpacticoida Cyclopoida

0516 Labidocera spp. 0687 Eucalanus spp. 0952 Lernaeenicus radiatus, anchor worm parasite

Labidocera spp.

on an

Lernaeenicus radiatus Eucalanus spp.

BARNACLES Class Cirripedia 0808 sessile barnacles 0556 Balanus eburneus 0537

Balanus eburneus Lepas anatifera

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19

Phylum Arthropoda (Crustaceans continued)

MANTIS SHRIMP Class Order Stomatopoda

1094 unidentified mantis 0960 spp. 1161 Platysquilloides enodis 0621 1112 Nannosquilla grayi 1052 larval stomatopod

heavily moderately armored smooth armored telson telson

larval S. empusa Nannosquilla grayi Platysquilloides enodis Usually smaller Usually smaller Squilla empusa specimens specimens

AMPHIPODS Class Malacostraca Order 0841 unidentified amphipod

0694 spp., scud 5019 , spined-back scud 0919 Listriella clymenellae

Gammarus spp. Gammarus mucronatus Listriella clymenellae

20

21

Phylum Arthropoda (amphipods continued)

0507 Leptocheirus plumulosus, common burrower amphipod 0659 Casco bigelowi 0738 Monoculodes edwardsi, one-eyed amphipod 0636 Ampelisca spp., four-eyed amphipod

0671 spp., tube-builder amphipods 5021 Corophium lacustre, slender tube-builder amphipod 0670 Corophium crassicorne

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Phylum Arthropoda (amphipods continued)

0579 Erichthonius brasiliensis 0722 , big-eyed amphipods 0534 raneyi

Erichthonius brasiliensis Hyperiidae Microprotopus raneyi

1008 , digger amphipods 1012 Amphiporeia virginiana 0549 Cymadusa compta

Haustoriidae Amphiporeia virginiana Cymadusa compta

0922 Ampithoe longimana 0535 Cerapus tubularis 1102 Psammonyx nobilis

Ampithoe longimana Cerapus tubularis Psammonyx nobilis

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Phylum Arthropoda (amphipods continued)

0658 unidentified shrimp

1009 spp. 0921

PEI

Florida

Caprella penantis Cape

1106 Caprella equilibria (in NEAMAP samples)

Caprella equilibria

male

female

0923 Paracaprella tenuis 0630 longicornis

rounded head

female

male

Paracaprella tenuis male Paracaprella tenuis female

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Phylum Arthropoda (Crustaceans continued)

CUMACEANS Class Malacostraca Order 0674 unidentified cumacean 0539 Oxyurostylis smithi (11) 0690 hispida (8) Eudorella emarginata (2-3) 0566 Almyracuma proximoculi (4) varians (5) Eudorella truncatula (9) Psuedoleptocuma minus (10) 0672 spp.(12-13) 0677 bispinosa 0678 Diastylis sculpta (7) 0975 Diastylis quadrispinosa (1) Diastylis polita (6)

ISOPODS Class Malacostraca Order 0657 unidentified isopod 0959 Argulus spp., lazy lice 0929 0942 spp. 0683 Livoneca redmanii, fish lice/fish- isopod 0982 Olencira praegustator 1022 acuminata

Livoneca redmanii Olencira praegustator Argulus spp. larval Cymothoidae Cymothoa excisa Nerocila acuminata

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Phylum Arthropoda (isopods continued)

0526 spp. 0570 Chiridotea almyra, sand isopod 0663 Chiridotea tuftsi 0582 0918 Edotia spp. 5020 Edotia triloba, mound back isopod 0685 Edotia montosa 0684 Edotia acuta

head

Edotia spp. male pereipod

telson

Chiridotea spp. C. almyra C. tuftsi C. coeca E. triloba E. montosa E. acuta

1025 Politolana concharum 0665 polita 0508 Ancinus depressus 0559 quadridentatum 0513 Cyathura polita, slender isopod 0925 Erichsonella , isopod

Ancinus Sphaeroma Politolana concharum Cirolana polita depressus quadridentatum Cyathura polita Erichsonella attenuata

0912 spp. 0655 , sea slater 1061 0981 Synidotea laevidorsalis

Synidotea laevidorsalis Idotea baltica Idotea metallica 26

Phylum Arthropoda (crustaceans continued)

MYSIDS Class Malacostraca Order 0574 unidentified mysid 0699 americana 0740 () bigelowi 1018 flexuosus, chameleon shrimp

prominent rostrum

25 pairs of scale 12X longer than wide lateral spines

strong corner spines

deep cleft lined with close spines stenolepis MA to NJ, intertidal, subtidal, seagrass ♂ to 25 mm, ♀ to 30 mm

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Phylum Arthropoda (mysids continued)

no distinct rostrum

scale about 10X longer than wide 35-40 lateral spines in long/short clusters

Neomysis americana Cape Cod to FL, mostly estuarine ♂ to 16 mm, ♀ to 12 mm large

corner pair of spines longer than central pair

obtusely triangular rostrum

lateral spines end halfway up

Heteromysis formosa MA to FL, high- , coastal ♂ and ♀ to 9 mm prominent long spines

V-shaped cleft lined with small spines

short, pointed rostrum

enlarged limb 9-12 pair lateral spines

Americamysis bigelowi Cape Cod to FL, higher salinity ♂ and ♀ to 8.5 mm shorter strong spines

long strong spines

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Phylum Arthropoda (crustaceans continued)

TANAIDS Class Malacostraca Order 0525 unidentified tanaid

OSTRACODS Class Ostracoda 0523 unidentified

CRABS, SHRIMPS, LOBSTERS Class Malacostraca Order

0675 unidentified decapod

0020 americanus, American

Homarus americanus

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Phylum Arthropoda (decapods continued)

5001 unidentified shrimp 5011 unidentified shrimp zoea

Palaemonetes spp. zoea VII I

0595 constrictus, roughneck shrimp 0604 septemspinosa, sand shrimp

Rimapenaeus constrictus

no ventral spines

no subterminal spines on telson

0620 spp., grass shrimp 1003 , common grass shrimp 1007 Palaemonetes intermedius, brackish grass shrimp 0569 , daggerblade grass shrimp

Palaemonetes spp.

2 teeth behind eye 1 behind eye 1 tooth behind eye

P. vulgaris P. intermedius P. pugio

forked forked pointed

30

Phylum Arthropoda (shrimp continued)

0623 spp. 0546 spp. 0550 Lucifer faxoni 0573 Ogyrides alphaerostris, estuarine long-eyed shrimp

1010 Thalassinidea, unidentified mud shrimps 0933 , unidentified ghost shrimps 0500 Gilvossius setimanus, short-browed mud shrimp 1035 biformis, biform ghost shrimp 0590 affinis, flat-browed mud shrimp

Gilvossius setimanus G. setimanus Biffarius biformis Upogebia affinis

0653 serratus, burrowing shrimp 1058 , unidentified snapping shrimps 0591 heterochaelis, big-clawed snapping shrimp

Axius serratus

31

Phylum Arthropoda (shrimp continued)

6220 , unidentified penaeid 0597 setiferus, white shrimp 0596 duorarum, pink shrimp 0622 , brown shrimp 1034 Parapenaeus politus, rose shrimp

groove stops at last spine no ventral spines

subterminal spines on telson

Parapenaeus politus groove extends to end of groove extends to end of carapace

bifurcate undivided ridge ridge on posterior segments

Farfantepenaeus aztecus

1077 spp. 0679 Dichelopandalus leptocerus, bristled longbeak 0844 brevirostris, rock shrimp

Dichelopandalus leptocerus

Sicyonia brevirostris

32

Phylum Arthropoda (crabs continued)

5035 unidentified 5012 crab parts 0973 unidentified crab zoea 1054 unidentified crab megalopa

crab crab zoea megalopa

5016 spp. 0656 , Atlantic rock crab 0600 Cancer borealis, 0626 maenas, green crab

Carcinus maenas Cancer borealis Cancer irroratus C. irroratus

0917 unidentified 0758 spp.

7581 , long-clawed hermit crab 7582 , flat-clawed hermit crab 0617 , acadian hermit crab

P. longicarpus P. pollicaris P. acadianus

33

34

Phylum Arthropoda (crabs continued)

0757 Pagurus arcuatus, hairy hermit crab 0618 Pagurus annulipes, banded hermit crab

P. arcuatus P. politus P. annulipes P. pubescens

0839 , swimming crabs 0578 spp. 0861 spp. 1095 spp.

leaf-shaped carpus of right cheliped (wrist area) swimmeret ♂ Portunus spp. Callinectes spp. Portunidae

0614 , blue crab (sex unknown) 6141 Callinectes sapidus, blue crab (male) 6142 Callinectes sapidus, blue crab (juvenile female) 6143 Callinectes sapidus, (adult female) 0835 , lesser blue crab 0545 Callinectes sapidus, blue crab (megalopa) 0848 cribrarius, speckled crab

C. sapidus Callinectes sapidus C. similis megalopa

0612 , lady crab 0611 Ovalipes stephensoni, course-hand lady crab

Ovalipes O. stephensoni ocellatus 35

Phylum Arthropoda (crabs continued)

0875 , swimming crab 0607 Portunus gibbesii, irredescent swimming crab 0608 Portunus spinimanus, blotched swimming crab

6 teeth 8 teeth 8 teeth

Portunus sayi P. gibbesii P. spinimanus

0833 Pinnixa spp., unidentified crab 0547 , parchment worm tube crab 5018 Pinnixa retinens, 5023 Pinnixa cylindrica, pea crab 0927 Pinnixa sayana, pea crab

Pinnixa chaetopterana P. retinens jv

P. cylindrica P. sayana

36

Phylum Arthropoda (crabs continued)

1043 unidentified mole crabs 0861 talpoida, Atlantic sand crab 0624 Euceramus praelongus, olivepit 0625 Lepidopa websteri, square-eyed mole crab 1080 paretii, mole crab

E. talpoida dorsal view side view

Euceramus praelongus Lepidopa websteri Albunea paretii

0594 , unidentified mud crabs 5943 , white-fingered mud crab 5942 herbstii, Atlantic mud crab 0552 Hexapanopeus angustifrons, smooth mud crab 5944 sayi, Say’s mud crab 5941 , flat-back mud crab

P. herbstii

Panopeidae D. sayi E. depressus

Rhithropanopeus harrissii Hexapanopeus angustifrons Eurypanopeus depressus

37

Phylum Arthropoda (crabs continued)

0870 Persephona mediterranea, mottled purse crab 0849 Persephona punctata, purse crab 0601 gibbesi, eastern tube crab 0873 sayana, spotted porcelain crab 0609 Porcellana sigsbeiana, porcelain crab

Persephona mediterranea Persephona punctata Polyonyx gibbesi Porcellana sigsbeiana

1079 flammea, flame box crab 0865 epheliticus, calico box crab

Hepatus epheliticus Calappa flammea C. flammea claw

5026 spp., unidentified spider crab 0605 , common spider crab (9 spines) 0593 , six-spine spider crab 0499 Pelia mutica, cryptic teardrop crab 1174 coarctatus, lyre crab

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Phylum Echinodermata

0496 unidentified

SEA STARS Class Asteroidea 0650 0651 unidentified sea star

SEA URCHINS, SAND DOLLARS Class Echinoidea 0702 parma, 0847 Mellita quinquiesperforata, keyhole urchin 0840 punctulata, purple

6 mm Echinarachnias parma E. parma Mellita quinquiesperforata

SEA CUCUMBERS Class Holothuroidea 0828 unidentified sea cucumbers

BRITTLE STARS Class Ophiuroidea 0755 unidentified brittle stars 0920 Amphioplus abdita 0652 squamata 5014 Micropholis atra

Amphipholis squamata Amphioplus abdita 39

Phylum Chordata

SEA SQUIRTS Class 0648 unidentified sessile

encrusting eelgrass

Order Family 5007 manhattensis 0824 Molgula spp.

Molgula manhattensis

LANCELETS Class Cephalochordata Order Amphioxiformes Family Branchiostomatidae 0495 Branchiostoma spp.

Branchiostoma spp.

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Miscellaneous Materials

0708 unidentified material 0895 trash 0542 plastic trash 0554 cigarette butt 0930 lure 5005

ANIMAL MATTER

0016 bait (scrap) 0705 shell 0970 1046 feather 5032 animal tubes 5033 unidentified meat 0892 worm tubes

PLANT MATTER

0504 wood 5006 vegetation 0478 macro 0503 0580 leaf 0957 plant seed 0965 1002 unidentified seagrass 5029 Zostera marina 5030 corn

MINERAL MATTER

0585 mud 0706 sand tubes 0894 coal 5004 gravel 5037 sand 5031 rock

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