Object-Oriented Programming: Review and Project Description
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Early History of Smalltalk
The Early History of Smalltalk http://www.accesscom.com/~darius/EarlyHistoryS... The Early History of Smalltalk Alan C. Kay Apple Computer [email protected]# Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. HOPL-II/4/93/MA, USA © 1993 ACM 0-89791-571-2/93/0004/0069...$1.50 Abstract Most ideas come from previous ideas. The sixties, particularly in the ARPA community, gave rise to a host of notions about "human-computer symbiosis" through interactive time-shared computers, graphics screens and pointing devices. Advanced computer languages were invented to simulate complex systems such as oil refineries and semi-intelligent behavior. The soon-to- follow paradigm shift of modern personal computing, overlapping window interfaces, and object-oriented design came from seeing the work of the sixties as something more than a "better old thing." This is, more than a better way: to do mainframe computing; for end-users to invoke functionality; to make data structures more abstract. Instead the promise of exponential growth in computing/$/volume demanded that the sixties be regarded as "almost a new thing" and to find out what the actual "new things" might be. For example, one would compute with a handheld "Dynabook" in a way that would not be possible on a shared mainframe; millions of potential users meant that the user interface would have to become a learning environment along the lines of Montessori and Bruner; and needs for large scope, reduction in complexity, and end-user literacy would require that data and control structures be done away with in favor of a more biological scheme of protected universal cells interacting only through messages that could mimic any desired behavior. -
About This Particular Macintosh 9.09
Cover 9.09 / September 2003 ATPM Volume 9, Number 9 About This Particular Macintosh: About the personal computing experience™ ATPM 9.09 / September 2003 1 Cover Cover Art Emeritus “Return of Clarus” Copyright © 2003 by Darren Woodcock1 RD Novo We need new cover art each month. Write to us!2 Robert Madill Belinda Wagner Editorial Staff Edward Goss Publisher/Editor-in-Chief Michael Tsai Tom Iov ino Managing Editor Christopher Turner Daniel Chvatik Associate Editor/Reviews Paul Fatula Grant Osborne Copy Editors Raena Armitage Contributors Dan Boland Johann Campbell Eric Blair Ellyn Ritterskamp Ron Gibbs Brooke Smith Matthew Glidden Vacant Ted G or ans on Web E ditor Lee Bennett Matt Johnson Publicity Manager Vacant Andrew Kator Webmaster Michael Tsai Chris Lawson Beta Testers The Staff Robert Paul Leitao Gregory Maddux Contributing Editors Ellyn Ritterskamp Evan Trent How To Matthew Glidden Michael Tsai Ted Goranson Mary E. Tyler Ken Gruberman Angus Wong Andrew Kator Macintosh users like you Chris Lawson David Ozab Subscriptions Sylvester Roque Sign up for free subscriptions using the Charles Ross Web form3 or by e-mail4. Mary E. Tyler Vacant Where to Find ATPM Interviews Vacant Online and downloadable issues are Opinion Matt Coates available at http://www.atpm.com. Ellyn Ritterskamp Mike Shields Chinese translations are available Vacant at http://www.maczin.com. Reviews Eric Blair Kirk McElhearn ATPM is a product of ATPM, Inc. Gregory Tetrault © 1995–2003, All Rights Reserved Vacant ISSN: 1093-2909 Technic a l Evan Trent Welcome Robert Paul Leitao Production Tools Artwork & Design Acrobat Apache Graphics Director Vacant AppleScript Layout and Design Michael Tsai BBEdit Cartoonist Matt Johnson CVL Graphic Design Consultant Jamal Ghandour CVS Blue Apple Icon Designs Mark Robinson DropDMG Other Art RD Novo FileMaker Pro FrameMaker+SGML 1. -
Hopscotch: Towards User Interface Composition Vassili Bykov Cadence Design Systems, 2655 Seely Ave, San Jose, CA 95134
Hopscotch: Towards User Interface Composition Vassili Bykov Cadence Design Systems, 2655 Seely Ave, San Jose, CA 95134 Abstract Hopscotch is the application framework and development environment of Newspeak, a new programming language and platform inspired by Smalltalk, Self and Beta. Hopscotch avoids a number of design limitations and shortcomings of traditional UIs and UI frameworks by favoring an interaction model and implementing a framework architecture that enable composition of interfaces. This paper discusses the deficiencies of the traditional approach, provides an overview of the Hopscotch alternative and analyses how it improves upon the status quo. 1. Introduction Hopscotch are attributable to its revised interaction and navigation model as much as to the underlying Newspeak [1] is a programming language and framework architecture. For this reason, this paper platform being developed by a team led by Gilad pays equal attention to the compositional frame- Bracha at Cadence Design Systems, Inc. The sys- work architecture and to the changes in the inter- tem is currently hosted inside Squeak [2], a descen- action model of Hopscotch compared to more tradi- dent of Smalltalk-80 [3]. Smalltalk, along with Self tional development environments. [4] and Beta [5], is also among the most important influences on the design of the Newspeak language. 2. Traditional Interface Construction This paper focuses on Hopscotch, the applica- tion framework of Newspeak and the Newspeak The art of devising forms to be filled in depends IDE implemented concurrently with the frame- on three elements: obscurity, lack of space, and work. The framework and the IDE allow easy nav- the heaviest penalties for failure. -
Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox
Inf-GraphDraw: Automatic Graph Drawing Lecture 15 Early HCI @Apple/Xerox Reinhard von Hanxleden [email protected] 1 [Wikipedia] • One of the first highly successful mass- produced microcomputer products • 5–6 millions produced from 1977 to 1993 • Designed to look like a home appliance • It’s success caused IBM to build the PC • Influenced by Breakout • Visicalc, earliest spreadsheet, first ran on Apple IIe 1981: Xerox Star • Officially named Xerox 8010 Information System • First commercial system to incorporate various technologies that have since become standard in personal computers: • Bitmapped display, window-based graphical user interface • Icons, folders, mouse (two-button) • Ethernet networking, file servers, print servers, and e- mail. • Sold with software based on Lisp (early functional/AI language) and Smalltalk (early OO language) [Wikipedia, Fair Use] Xerox Star Evolution of “Document” Icon Shape [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0] 1983: Apple Lisa [Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr] Apple Lisa • One of the first personal computers with a graphical user interface (GUI) • In 1982, Steve Jobs (Cofounder of Apple, with Steve Wozniak) was forced out of Lisa project, moved on into existing Macintosh project, and redefined Mac as cheaper, more usable version of Lisa • Lisa was challenged by relatively high price, insufficient SW library, unreliable floppy disks, and immediate release of Macintosh • Sold just about 10,000 units in two years • Introduced several advanced features that would not reappear on Mac or PC for many years Lisa Office -
Filename Extensions
Filename Extensions Generated 22 February 1999 from Filex database with 3240 items. ! # $ & ) 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 @ S Z _ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ~ • ! .!!! Usually README file # .### Compressed volume file (DoubleSpace) .### Temp file (QTIC) .#24 Printer data file for 24 pin matrix printer (LocoScript) .#gf Font file (MetaFont) .#ib Printer data file (LocoScript) .#sc Printer data file (LocoScript) .#st Standard mode printer definitions (LocoScript) $ .$$$ Temporary file .$$f Database (OS/2) .$$p Notes (OS/2) .$$s Spreadsheet (OS/2) .$00 Pipe file (DOS) .$1 ZX Spectrum file in HOBETA format .$d$ Data (OS/2 Planner) .$db Temporary file (dBASE IV) .$ed Editor temporary file (MS C) .$ln TLink response file (Borland C++) .$o1 Pipe file (DOS) .$vm Virtual manager temporary file (Windows 3.x) & .&&& Temporary file ) .)2( LHA archiver temporary file (LHA) 0 .0 Compressed harddisk data (DoubleSpace) .000 Common filename extension (GEOS) .000 Compressed harddisk data (DoubleSpace) .001 Fax (Hayes JT FAX) (many) .075 75x75 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher) .085 85x85 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher) .091 91x91 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher) .096 96x96 dpi display font (Ventura Publisher) .0b Printer font with lineDraw extended character set (PageMaker) 1 .1 Unformatted manual page (Roff/nroff/troff/groff) .10x Bitmap graphics (Gemini 10x printer graphics file) .123 Data (Lotus123 97) .12m Smartmaster file (Lotus123 97) .15u Printer font with PI font set (PageMaker) .1st Usually README.1ST text 2 .24b Bitmap -
DLCC Software Catalog
Daniel's Legacy Computer Collections Software Catalog Category Platform Software Category Title Author Year Media Commercial Apple II Integrated Suite Claris AppleWorks 2.0 Claris Corporation and Apple Computer, Inc. 1987 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 1.0.2 --> 1.1.1 Update Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 1.1 Apple Computer, Inc. 1986 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 2.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1987 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 3.1 Apple Computer, Inc. 1987 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 3.2 Apple Computer, Inc. 1988 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 4.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1988 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 5.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1989 800K Commercial Apple II Operating System Apple IIGS System 5.0.2 Apple Computer, Inc. 1989 800K Commercial Apple II Reference: Programming ProDOS Basic Programming Examples Apple Computer, Inc. 1983 800K Commercial Apple II Utility: Printer ImageWriter Toolkit 1.5 Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Commercial Apple II Utility: User ProDOS User's Disk Apple Computer, Inc. 1983 800K Total Apple II Titles: 12 Commercial Apple Lisa Emulator MacWorks 1.00 Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Commercial Apple Lisa Office Suite Lisa 7/7 3.0 Apple Computer, Inc. 1984 400K Total Apple Lisa Titles: 2 Commercial Apple Mac OS 0-9 Audio Audioshop 1.03 Opcode Systems, Inc. 1992 800K Commercial Apple Mac OS 0-9 Audio Audioshop 2.0 Opcode Systems, Inc. -
Silicon Valley Inventor of 'Cut, Copy and Paste' Dies 20 February 2020
Silicon Valley inventor of 'cut, copy and paste' dies 20 February 2020 cutting portions of printed text and affixing them elsewhere with adhesive. "Tesler created the idea of 'cut, copy, & paste' and combined computer science training with a counterculture vision that computers should be for everyone," the Computer History Museum in Silicon Valley tweeted Wednesday. The command was made popular by Apple after being incorporated in software on the Lisa computer in 1983 and the original Macintosh that debuted the next year. Tesler worked for Apple in 1980 after being Lawrence "Larry" Tesler, who invented the "cut, copy recruited away from Xerox by late co-founder Steve and paste" command, died on Monday Jobs. Tesler spent 17 years at Apple, rising to chief scientist. Silicon Valley on Wednesday was mourning a pioneering computer scientist whose He went on to establish an education startup and accomplishments included inventing the widely do stints in user-experience technology at Amazon relied on "cut, copy and paste" command. and Yahoo. Bronx-born Lawrence "Larry" Tesler died this week © 2020 AFP at age 74, according to Xerox, where he spent part of his career. "The inventor of cut/copy & paste, find & replace, and more was former Xerox researcher Larry Tesler," the company tweeted. "Your workday is easier thanks to his revolutionary ideas. Larry passed away Monday, so please join us in celebrating him." A graduate of Stanford University, Tesler specialized in human–computer interaction, employing his skills at Amazon, Apple, Yahoo, and the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). The cut and paste command was reportedly inspired by old time editing that involved actually 1 / 2 APA citation: Silicon Valley inventor of 'cut, copy and paste' dies (2020, February 20) retrieved 28 September 2021 from https://techxplore.com/news/2020-02-silicon-valley-inventor-dies.html This document is subject to copyright. -
Sunday April 25, 2021 Reinventing Business, Liberty and Rights, Sex and Drugs in NYC, Xerox PARC and Bell Labs Michael Hiltzik
What Happens Next – Sunday April 25, 2021 Reinventing Business, Liberty and Rights, Sex and Drugs in NYC, Xerox PARC and Bell Labs Michael Hiltzik Larry Bernstein: In the meantime, we're going to segue to something completely different, which is the industrial lab. I'm going to start with my Mike Hiltzik who'll speak for six minutes, and then to be followed by Jon Gertner. Mike is going to talk about his book, Dealers of Lightning: Xerox Park and the Dawn of the Computer Age. Mike, go ahead. Michael Hiltzik: The question that Larry asked me to answer, which was, how did Xerox blow it? Meaning, how did it miss the opportunities that it was given by the brilliant scientists and engineers and hired for its Palo Alto Research Center, I think, perhaps isn't exactly the right question to ask about PARC. The right question, it seems to me should be: Did Xerox blow it? The answer requires some nuance. If you think that Xerox should have exploited PARC's invention of the Alto, the first personal computer, by launching the personal computer market, then you'll think the answer is yes. But if you think Xerox never made any money from PARC, which is sort of the received wisdom, the answer is no. PARC invented the laser printer and Xerox made a ton of money from that technology alone. If you think Xerox blew it because it was in the perfect position to exploit PARC's invention, not only the Alto, but ethernet, and the graphical user interface, and the perfected use of the mouse, the answer is still no. -
Mac A.P.P.L.E. Magazine 1988-1
**ffifd' ;11: For JvlacProducts 1-800-MAC-DISK SOFTWARE MONTHLY MEMORY Adobelllustrator 369.00 SPECIALS UPGRADES AutosaveDA 17.50 128K-512K 115.00 CAPPSEditor 65.00 128K-1024K 249.00 Chessmaster2000 31.00 512K-1024K 149.00 Comserve 127.00 1 MEGSIMMs 512K-1024KKit 99.00 CricketDraw 179.00 Only$199 128-2MBCMOS 599.00 CrosswordMagic 34.00 SCSIPort 69.00 DarkCastle 33.00 6802068881 595.00 DA Switcher 32.00 DoveUpgrades call ' 30-OayMoney-Back Guarantee DbaseMac 320.00 '6Mo.-3YearWarranty FullWrite 204.00 |,r.tt,t/@ ' i r & Over5000 Upgrades Completed GraphicWorks1.1 68.00 ' Apple-compatible Guide 85.00 24OOBaud Modem LaserFX 139.00 $199 HARDWARE LaserPaint 312.00 HardDisk Drives: LightspeedC 125.00 Everex20MEG 525.00 LightspeedPascal 99.00 DISKS& RIBBONS Rodime20MEG 499.00 Magic20 549.00 MacDraft1.2 152.00 Sony SS Boxed 11.60 MacGolf 36.00 Sony SS Bulk 1.04 MAGIC30 699.00 MacIn Use 32.00 Sony DS Boxed 16.80 Magic40 799.00 Sony DS Bulk 1.34 MacMoney 39.00 MacDiskSS Bulk .99 Magic60 899.00 MacProof 129.00 MacDiskDS Bulk 1.25 Magic9l 1595.00 Magic150 1950.00 McMAX 192.00 BlackRibbons 2.95 MicrosoftExcel 229.00 Colored Ribbons 4.50 MacBottom45 1239.00 MicrosoftWord 239.00 Multicolored Ribbons 12.00 CMSDrives call MicrosoftWorks 185.00 Magic800K Drive 199.00 MiniCAD3.15+ 389.00 ACCESSORIES ScripTENPrinter 3550.00 ParameterMgr.+ 289.00 MacPlusBag s5.00 Xerox 15" Monitor 1549.00 PuppyLove 19.50 Mac SE Bag 69.00 Magic60MB Tape 699.00 ReadySetGo 410.00 HypercardHandbook 21.00 Thunderscan4.0 199.00 i Disk File/30 6.95 Scoop call MAC SCREWDRIVER 9.95 MacVision 184.00 Shadowgate 36.00 Mac Calendar 8.00 A+ Optical Mouse 99.00 SuperPaint 89.00 TurboMouse 87.00 TurboPascal 56.00 800KDrive 185.00 VideoWorksll 129.00 1200B. -
15 Years Ago in BYTE BYTE.Com Write to BYTE.Com Advertise with August 1996 / Blasts from the Past / 15 Years Ago in BYTE BYTE.Com
BYTE.com Page 1 of 20 Archives Columns Jump to... Features Print Archives 1994-1998 HOME ABOUT US ARCHIVES CONTACT US ADVERTISE REGISTER Special BYTE Digest Michael Abrash's Graphics Programming Black Book 101 Perl Articles About Us How to Access 15 Years Ago in BYTE BYTE.com Write to BYTE.com Advertise with August 1996 / Blasts From The Past / 15 Years Ago in BYTE BYTE.com Newsletter Are languages being used according to their Free E-mail original design? Larry Tesler of Apple thought Newsletter from they should be....ideally. BYTE.com your email here BYTE devoted almost the entire issue to Smalltalk, Smalltalk-80, and other object-oriented-programming topics. In one article, Apple's Larr Subscribe Tesler said, "You can write almost any program better in a language you know well than in one you know poorly. But if languages are compared from a viewpoint broader than that of a narrow expert, each language stands out above the others when used for the purpose for which it was designed." Hold that thought. August 1981 's almost-exclusive coverage of Smalltalk provided a wealth of information from programming and debugging, to the graphics kernel. Here's what else Larry Tesler had to say: The Smalltalk Environment by Larry Tesler [Editor's Note: Due to the large volume of graphics originally included with this article, you will need to refer to the print issue, page 90, to view them.] As I write this article, I am wearing a T-shirt given to me by a friend. http://www.byte.com/art/9608/sec4/art3.htm 5/14/2006 BYTE.com Page 2 of 20 Emblazoned across the chest is the loud plea: DON'T MODE ME IN Surrounding the caption is a ring of barbed wire that symbolizes the trapped feeling I often experience when my computer is "in a mode." In small print around the shirt are the names of some modes I have known and deplored since the early 1960s when I came out of the darkness of punched cards into the dawn of interactive terminals. -
Apple Lisa Computer Commentary Larry Tesler • 28 November 2000
Apple Lisa Computer Commentary Larry Tesler • 28 November 2000 Source http://www.techtv.com/screensavers/print/0,23102,3013380,00.html 10 July 2003 Tales from Tessler: History of the Lisa Computer Larry Tesler, former Xerox PARC researcher and Apple chief scientist, explains the impact of the Lisa, a computer ahead of its time. By Larry Tesler, CEO Stagecast Apple introduced the revolutionary Lisa computer in 1983, but only about 30,000 were sold. The product was overpriced and slow. It also entered the market on the heels of the popular Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, which established the IBM PC as the standard in business. But this didn't stop the Lisa from pointing the way to the future of personal computing. Why was the Lisa slow? Because it didn't have enough power to run the demanding graphical user interface. Here's how it compares to my G4 Cube: Even that low-power setup was too expensive to compete with an MS-DOS PC, which had a quarter of the memory and an 8-bit microprocessor. What Survives from Apple's Lisa? Although Lisa came and went almost in the blink of an eye, many of its features are still found in today's Windows PCs and Macintosh computers. Lisa's Pioneering Features • A menu bar with pull-down menus and identified keyboard shortcuts • File menu commands named New, Open, Close, Save, Save as, and Print • Windows and icons moved by pointing, clicking, and dragging • Dialog boxes with radio buttons, check boxes, and OK/Cancel buttons • Alert boxes to provide warnings and explain errors Lisa innovations incorporated into the -
Notetaker System Manual
This document is for Xerox internal use only DRAFT - DRAFT - DRAFT - DRAFT NoteTaker System Manual BY Douglas G. Fairbairn December 1978 SSL-78-1xxx ABSTRACT This manual describes the NoteTaker computing system. The NoteTaker is a portable computer of considerable power useful for a wide range of computational and simulation oriented functions. XEROX PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER 3333 Coyote Hill Road / Palo Alto / California 94304 This document is for Xerox internal use only DRAFT ~ DRAFT - DRAFT· DRAFT NoteTaker System Manual - DRAFT - DRAFT - January 18,1979 12:48 PMDecember 10, 2 1978 12:24 PM PREFACE The NoteTaker is a very powerful portable computer intended for a wide variety of applications. Its intended users are "children of all ages": five-year-olds and high school students, as well as writers, researchers, artists, managers, and engineers. NoteTaker offers the capability of a general-purpose minicomputer, and allows it to be used without even plugging it into an AC power outlet. This manual describes the hardware components of the system in three levels of detail. The intioduction summarizes the main features of the NoteTaker hardware. Section 2 gives an overview of the architecture. Section 3 offers the detail required to program the system and to interface other devices to it. The NoteTaker has its roots in the long-time desire of the Learning Research Group at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC) to have a portable system on which to experiment with its ideas concerning personal computers. The architecture of the machine was defined by Douglas Fairbairn of .the LSI Systems Area at PARC in conjunction with LRG.