**ffifd' ;11: For JvlacProducts 1-800-MAC-DISK SOFTWARE MONTHLY MEMORY Adobelllustrator 369.00 SPECIALS UPGRADES AutosaveDA 17.50 128K-512K 115.00 CAPPSEditor 65.00 128K-1024K 249.00 Chessmaster2000 31.00 512K-1024K 149.00 Comserve 127.00 1 MEGSIMMs 512K-1024KKit 99.00 CricketDraw 179.00 Only$199 128-2MBCMOS 599.00 CrosswordMagic 34.00 SCSIPort 69.00 DarkCastle 33.00 6802068881 595.00 DA Switcher 32.00 DoveUpgrades call ' 30-OayMoney-Back Guarantee DbaseMac 320.00 '6Mo.-3YearWarranty FullWrite 204.00 |,r.tt,t/@ ' i r & Over5000 Upgrades Completed GraphicWorks1.1 68.00 ' Apple-compatible Guide 85.00 24OOBaud Modem LaserFX 139.00 $199 HARDWARE LaserPaint 312.00 HardDisk Drives: LightspeedC 125.00 Everex20MEG 525.00 LightspeedPascal 99.00 DISKS& RIBBONS Rodime20MEG 499.00 Magic20 549.00 MacDraft1.2 152.00 Sony SS Boxed 11.60 MacGolf 36.00 Sony SS Bulk 1.04 MAGIC30 699.00 MacIn Use 32.00 Sony DS Boxed 16.80 Magic40 799.00 Sony DS Bulk 1.34 MacMoney 39.00 MacDiskSS Bulk .99 Magic60 899.00 MacProof 129.00 MacDiskDS Bulk 1.25 Magic9l 1595.00 Magic150 1950.00 McMAX 192.00 BlackRibbons 2.95 MicrosoftExcel 229.00 Colored Ribbons 4.50 MacBottom45 1239.00 MicrosoftWord 239.00 Multicolored Ribbons 12.00 CMSDrives call MicrosoftWorks 185.00 Magic800K Drive 199.00 MiniCAD3.15+ 389.00 ACCESSORIES ScripTENPrinter 3550.00

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Ordering Information National: Call 1-800-622-3475Texas: Call 1-800-2MAC-TEXHours: 7:30am-7:30pmCDT. There is a g40 minimum on all orders. We accept Visa, Mastercard, American Express,C.O.D., Company and Institution PO's,and checks. You are nol charged until we ship your order. Texas residents please add 8olosales tax. Prices are subiect to change and items are subject to availability. Returns may be subiect to a restocking fee. American Express orders are charged a small service fee. Shippinglnformation Minimum $4.50additional. MacProductsUSA ships your purchase via Federal Express Nexl Day or Second Day. UPS Next Day & 2nd Day Air, and US Postal Service are availableupon request. MacProductsUSA 1-800-MAC-DISK 9709Brown Lane Suite E Austin Texas 78754 512-832-0335 CIRCLE3 ON READERSERVICE CARD - ---l l- _._-_---:----_ Introducing the l9-inch Viking I for the Maeintosh" SE. SpendAMinute With tr-Iru Moniterm. L Th,ecritics hnaepmised th,eVikirry 1 as "ma4ligtt*and "the clear winnertt* *;[or That'sall it takesto rcally publishing visualize the benefits ofthe desktop on th,eK. Now this Fast Screen Update. Viking l. For a screening, emiting rmD monitor is about to change With over a million pixels, screenupdating contact the dealer inyour the Inok of d,esktoppublishing on the can get sluggish on some monitors. are4 or return this card for Monintosh. The Viking I acceleratesscreen update by more information. Here'swlrlr avoiding processor wait states. "Publishing Introducing Resolutionl* " Gets Your SE Invotved. The Viking I's l9-inch screen allows for a full With most large-screenmonitors, your two-pagelayout. Its ulfra-high 1280x 960- Macintosh is turned off-or just a repository pixel resolution provides a precise, for surpluswindows and toolboxes. With City Strte- Zip- tack-sharp image-unlike lower-resolution the Viking t your Mac SE can serve as monitors that make it tough to read the fine a 7x11-inchscrollable extension to the Ibl. No "roam print. Or higher-resolutionmonitors that large-screenimage. Or and zoom" Dealcr Inquirics Wanted, i create letters too tiny and fuzzy to rcad. in the lar:ge-screenimage, zooming in L "fat at And the Viking l's unique squarepixels two levels of bits" magnification of Seeus at MacWorldExpo, booth 463! assurethat scneenand laser-printer whatever the cursor is pointing to. characters match perfectlSr IBM@ Compatibifi$. monrTEI:lm Eliminates Flicker. The Viking I is the only monitor that's Moniterm Corpomtion Somemonitors have an aruroyingflicker compatible with both the Macintosh SE 5740 Green Circle Drive that can ftazzle your nerves.The Viking I's and the entire IBM line of PCIXT/ATand Mimetonk4 MN 55343 exceptional non-interlaced 66 Hz refresh PV2 computers.So you can stay flexible (612) 935-416r rate provides rock-solid stability and grow TELEX-753626 rHK-(612)933-670r

'Jtm Seymou, PC Fbeft r'Jirn Feltcl PnDllcn, CIRCLE5 ON READERSERVICE CARD Macintosh is a hadel@k of Mclntch laboEtorie Inc IBM is a registered tradeMk of Internatioml "Publishing BNine$ Mrchines Comntion. Reslutiod' is a haderuk of Moniterm Corpomtion. Volume5, NumberI January1988

ONTENTS

Leroy,the Moc ll,ond Me 6 Andrew H mes l'hc 68010.l6 nullioncolors. ancl a Mac with a personalitl'.

BroinerdInlerview 'fhc 8 DesktopPublishins: Man andthe Movcntent. dBASEMoc Woyne Wong Thc dllASE Mac Attack- An MH Revier'r, HyperTolk Jeff Stoddord Hy'perCard\otnenclalurc You. too.ctut Out of My Tree On the Cover Philip Russell "T Sorrc FallenApplcs. hc H t'pt'rC urd Assrtt ittti tttr" ht'MiL'ltucl Urbutt AECInformolion Monoger 20 TimlvnnBob tskv ond Jim Solmons A ProiectManasenrent Database ltrr the RealWorlcl Acrossthe Desktop BillKoye Timc to UpgracleYour Plusl View Fromthe Bosemenf Douglos Froser Hr)n)chrc$inge Hurtl Drirc. RondomAccess KeithTolemon Pou,crStation the Applicationlbr PowerUscrs. TheMouse Thot Roors Horizons (ISSN Mocinfosh Mick O Neil pu,qc20 8755-4909)is published Hl,perstull' . What's it goocl for. an1wa."-l 'nonlhlybV Apole PLgel SoundProgrom LbrorY Ex- MACroVision cnonge 240 SW 43rd St,eet Jetf Mever Renton,Woshington 98055, 1987Retrospective - NLIBUSand HlperEd Possibilities. \206)25t-5222 ]c'sic slbscrip- t on price is521 per yeor HisMoster's Voice 42 MembershipinAPPL.ECo FronkCotolono - a Stclrl"of theNear Future. op wnic^ ncludesnogozi.e Autor.r.rrtingthe Airr" aves subscrrption.is 526 per yeor Losf pluso ons-+r'e S23opp ico Shorewore's Gosp? 44 Doug lousemon lronfee Aooilionolposloge s The Riscancl Declinc of a GoodThine. requiredfor Frst Closs or foreign delivery FunSlutf pa,qc-10 postoge Second closs Poid A Look at MacRacquctball and Shadowgate. ot Renion.Woshington, ond ot oddiiionol moiling offices POSTMASTER:Send oddress cnongesTo: PARTMENTS Mocintosh Horizons TheZoom Box 5 AddressChonge, A.P.P.L.E.Co-op NewProducts ond Speciols 25 290S W.43rd S1., TheMoc Morkefploce 48 Renton,WA 98055 A.P.P.L.E.Consullonfs 49 MemberServices 43 AdverliserIndex 27 A.P.P.L.E. Co-op OFFICERSAND DIRECTORS I)RESIDENT: Bob Huelsdonk \'1CE PRESIDENT: Merle H. Davis TRFjASURER: Dave DeGroot SECRETARY: David F. VanBerkem IiIRECTORS: Michael D. Branham Jack Connick Don Williarrrs

ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Dick Hubert (]ENERAL MANAGER: Don Steele PLIBLISHER: CharlesStillman APDA DIRECTOR: Dave Linswood \IARKETINC: RichKnanron PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER: Frank Catalano

MacintoshHorizons EDITOR: Andrew Himes ,\SSISTANT EDITOR: Janine West ART DIRECTOR: Michael Gilmore FIDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Karia Landsverk (]ONTRIBUTORS: ,Ieff Meyer. Keith Toleman Phillip Russell .Wayne Wong JeflStoddard . Frank Catalano Bill Kaye . Mick O'Neil . Doug Fraser Timlynn Babitsky . Jim Salmon TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS: Shari Carnahan . Charles Stillman

ADVERTISING

NATIONAL ADVERTISING MANAGER David Morton (206) 251-5222

CALIFORNIA RI'PRESI']NTATIVE : JE PublishersRepresentative Co. 6855Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200 l,os Arrgeles,CA 90038 t273) 467-2266

Flntireeonlent\coplrightiir It)lt7 bl ApplePugctsoun(l Program Lihran Exchangc.All rights rt'scryed.Au- thorsand lclvcrtisers rrc responsibleibr thc accuract-rr,,lot' therrruhnrrtt.,l iltillifl.r,. ( )prrtr,,n. erfk..t.rl rl,, ileccssanlvreprcsent those ot .A.PP.L.l:. C o-op. ,\pplc uscrs gloups nta\ repnnt eclilorjal rnatter conlained hereinlbr non-conrrnercialpulp()sc\. provided author. trtle.xnd puhlicati(xrcreclils are given. Thc addre-ssrntl phttnenumbcr rrf Mat tnltt.sh| | ori:ont shoulclalso be irr cluded.

A P P.L.E. ('o-op is lt intlepcndcnt\upport group ol {Pple productusers. and is nor allilirted uirh Applc C''tnpx1.1.Int. Tlrr. l,'ll,.uirrr rre rr.rrlem.rrlr,,t\pflq (i'nrputtr.Int .:Apple. {ppie ll. \pplell+. \ppl< ilr.. Applt'llc. Apple IICS. Macinlosh.Macinloslr plus. MacintoshXl-. [-isa.ImaseWrirer. LaserWriler plus. MacPaint.MacWrite. DOS .1.1. ProDOS. AppleWrircr. ApplcWorls.Applesoli. and I niDisk3 5.

Printedin t .S.A. "personal I feel almostguilty calling this a computer."By any coherentstandard ofjustice in the utorld,it shoutd be "social considereda computer,"the collectiuepossession of a number of people besidesmyself.

Leroy, the Macintosh ff, and Me AndrewHimes, Editor

thinkI f inallyknow wharpower Our topic fbr today.of course,is the in Chicago,Leroy leaps eagerly to my aid is. For the l'irsttime cver in m1 MacintoshII. The particularexample of with thefacts at his metaphoricalsilicon lit'e.I've had the experienceof thegenre which graces my personalhori- fingertips. sitlingtloun in l'ront()l'u eom- zon rs one thc kind peoplein Apple's Granted.the Macintoshis not a par- puter.and f'eeling that I arnin the ProcluctLoan Departmentshipped us a ticularlyintimidating machine compared -- presence of a truly powerful couplemonths ago so we couldevaluate to lts user-enemyMS-DOS cousins,but beast.I f'eelalmost guilty calling this a Mac II sottwareand hardware with it. the Mac II is a qualitativeleap beyond "personal computer."By any coherent l've namedit Leroy. anythingI've comeinto contactwith be- stanclarciof .justicein theworld. it should Odd thing.names. It's not thatLeroy fbre. "social be considerccla computer."the worksany betterorfasterwith aname. lt's Think of the numbersinvolved here. collective possessionof a nurnberof .justthat the computer intimidates me less l6 millioncolors available. and up ro256 peoplebesides myself. But it sitson nn. whenit sportsa monikerlike Leroy. I've canbe shownon-screen. A clockspeed of desk.and when I tuntir on I lookguiltily consciouslyadopted the illusion that this lhout l6 megahertz.or l6 millioncycles aroundto seeif anyoneis watching.Ncr plasticand metal beast is my fiiend.ally. persecond (that's about twice as fast as an singlcindividual. I think. truly /r,scr.r.r,.iand sidekick.When I want to fbrmatan 8 megahertzMac with a 68000chip). A to have this much raw computational article,develop an animatedslide show, machineable to slam32 bitsof informa- abilitv sittingon a proprietarydesktop. or look up thephone nurnber of my fiiend tion aroundthe systemat the sametime.

MacintoshHorizons That'swhat a Mac II. runningMultiFin- we will translateinto reality in thefuture, \\ translatesinto. foryou hlr thatequation der. allows me to do. In the courseof is still at the gestationstage. 'r,,lr in ouraudience. is that a tcch.unkies doing my work. I becomeless aware of The second most important thing \1ri. applicationabout ll runsthe average thetact that I'm workingwith acomputer. uboutthe Mac II is thatit possessessix 'rrur Mac Plusor an SE. tilresas f'ast as a andmore aware of theproject I'm work- expansionslots, narow strips that run ingon. Interruptions are not as deadly and alongthe bottom of themain unit.Those LeroyOn The Spot .fhose disruptiveas they might be otherwise slots make Leroy almost endlesslyex- arejust numbers.though, ancl whenI cango quicklyand easily fiom one pandableand extensible.The future's iircr clon'treally give you a f'eelfbr what applicationto another. most powerful softwarewill work to- I lrcilll\trl sit in thi: chaireommunint getherwith hardwareperipherals which rrrth [-ercy. When I talk aboutprocessing Softwareand Slots interlacewith the Mac's CPU through .1.rccc1. about is what I'rn really talking Leroy'sreal story, however, is nol that thoseslots. - ability fc\ponsiveness thecomputer's he allowsme to perfbrmmore efficiently We'veonly just begun. Until theday whatI'm doingand ro firllowso closely thc tasks.run the applications.meet the in the indefinitefuture when new soft- almostmirror rhinkingthat its reactions deadlinesI haveright now. wareand hardware make the Macintosh II An idealcomputer lr\ thoughtprocesses. The most importantthing about the the remarkablebeast it showsevery sign u which is almostinvisible to oulclbe one Macintoshll is thatsomewhere out there o1'being.Leroy and I will putteralong respondso immedi- thc user.It should in the world of thirdpartyMacintosh de- here at 16 million cyclesper second, to whatI wantit ttl .rrclrand transparently velopers.a teamof bleary-eyedprogram- hoggingSIMM chipsand multi-tasking totally on my tlo that I can concentrate mersis burningcountless quarts of mid- to our hearts'content. bra-sging to our uork. shouldallow me to Thecomputer night oil to producethe revolutionarv friendsabout what we got thatthey ain't. attentionon my crpenclall my energyand sofiwarethat will takefull advantageof uork. of on interactingwith my' instead thecapabilities of theMac ll. Leroyis still iolrputer. only potentiallya. mathina e.rdeus. The at themoment. to Pleaserate this article on the L-eroy comesclose. new paradigrnsit will createare only a computer. ReaderService Card by circling: berngthat perf'ectly responsive gleamin Apple's eye.The Mac II sofi- questionof speedin the 41 Excellent 42 Good This isn't.justa warewhich will changefbrever the way I am most acutely ilhstract.of course. we thinkabout computers and thedreams 43 Fair 44 Poor aware of Leroy'sprocessing speed when I'rr usingMultiFinder. and several diller- cntapplications are up andrunning at the sametime. The Mac II hasallowed me to Editorial fairly t'lexible. productive ful insanity that led him to produce a develop a "Stsve Jobs: The Jour,neyI* the Re, ri lhalallows me to perlirtmrer - closed-system.l28K Mac with a single trrk:tyle ward" is the new book about Apple's feats. floppy drive. eralsimultaneous co-founder written by Jeffrey S. I needinstant access to my wordproc- We sornetimesforget thatJobs' dedi- Young. In theheat of deadline fever for writing editin-eletters and to changing the world---+rotsim- essorfbr and this issue of Macintosh Horizons, I cation - both my own and other ply producinga viablecompe titor to the articles readall 432 pagesof Young's book in people's.I'm usingFocal Point, a Hyper- IBM PC in the corporate marketplace, just threedays. drawn inexorablyfrom applicationdesigned by Danny but t'hanging the world-was the driv- Card chapterto chapteruntil my needfor at to hold my phone number ing fcrce behind the emergenceof the Goodman, leastthree hours ofsleep a night forced to plan my day's activities.to Mac. with its graphical interfac€, pona- database. me to put it down. juggle responsibilities bility. andconsistency between applica- my contradictory Young is theone who tellsthe story work at home.to plan articlesfbr tions. Jobs altered the course of com- at and thatrings true.The picturehe paintsof next scveralmonths in Macintosh puter history,and the cour$eof cultural the Steve Jobs is of a man whs was p0$- Horizons.and tcl track authorswho are history,with his insistenceon producing se$$ed with ttre nofisn of cr€atihg a working on reviews.f-eatures, and col- a computer ideally suited for human computerthaf would changethe world. beings. umns. If anyonewas the parentof the Macin- I use Leroy for productreviews as tosh,it wasJobs. T,,he silicon Yatley We at MacintoshHorizons intend to well.For word processing these days, I'm leam from the revolutionary vision whiz kid sst otlt to perfect and cajole switchingback and tbrth betweenWord which pavedthe way for the birth of the intu exislenc€ a revolutionary coflr: "executive"word proces- We do not intendto produce 3.0 and a new puter, a computerthat could sing and Macintosh. Write. so that I ctrncom- adequate,or simply atffactive, sor.Microsofi dance and ptay the fiddle. a machine a simply paretheir f'eatures and figure out.iust what or simply interestingmagazine. We in- "executive" that would unleashthe human spirit hellan wordprocesstlr is. tend to produce a stunning,elegant. pro* the nnd place undreamed rf powei in the I usePowerPoint and VideoWorks II fbr vocative. and indispensable rnagC- hands of ordinary hurnag beings, presentations.and Page- zine----oneof the best on the ilrarket. developing We all know of Jobs' legendaryar- Makerfbr pagelayout. and SuperPaint fbr We invite. you,to travbl with ui. rogflncer his dogmatism, his single* illustrations. developing minded intolerance for the views qf is that to use all these The upshot others. And his curprising tltrrow' applicationsmost etfectively. I needto mindedness.It was an idiotic and al- getto themfast. And I needto shift back most fatal extensionof Jobs' wonder- andforth betweenthem almost instantlv. A".tr"" Ii,^ro

January 1988 7 -t

NL BRAINERD TheThomas Edisonof desktop publishingtalks aboutmarkets, mixed enviroments andMacintosh

uul Braint,rcl is the Prcsident and F-ounder of Aldus Corltttration. the .Seattle-bascd stft- v'(trc (omparty u'ltich nrude tlesktop publi.sh- ingu reulitt'lltrpersotul (ompuler us(rs u'ith there leuse rft' Pa,qe M oker I .0i n.l ulv, 1985.Since it.s.founding itt curlt' 1981, Altlushus urow'ttphettomenullv-. Several upduted var.siortsof' PageMukerIrtr the Mucirrloshu'cre releasetl, ctntl in 1987.u vcrsion.forthe IBM-PC und crntpotibles u'usutldetl und Aldus h'entpuhli( on th( stttcknarket. By thissprin,q. Aldus pluns ttt add severulnev' protluct.s to its line, irrclutlingPugeMuker -1 .0.ftr the Macin- "I to.shund theIBM-PC , u druu'irtt proaram think what I'ue done more than any- .fltr tht Mut intosh.callcd FreeHund.untl SrrupSfutt.u v'av to (apture ritlco imuges thing is bridge the gap betuseenthose that llr the IBM-PC antl crmJtutibles.Braitt- ertl u'asintervieu'cd by MatirttoshHrtri- use the technology and those that create it." :ons contrihutrtrF- runk Catulano. -Paul Brainerd MH: Wascombining the Macintoshand the conceptreally came together.The that fbllowingJanuary. Then, of course. desktoppublishing a happl'accident.or Macintoshcame out in Januaryof 1984. our programmingteam with a back- did you planit thisway'? We becameknowledgeable later in that ground in publishingcame togerheras year thal the LaserWriterprinter fiom well.So. really it wasall threeelements: Brainerd: No. you could say it was a Apple. which was an importantcompo- theApple Macintosh.ourselves. in terms coincidenceofevents in thesense that in nentto beable to producethe high-quality of the knowledgeof the applicationand 198'1the technology we neededto create printout,was going to becomeavailable whatpeople wanted to do,and the printer.

MacintoshHorizons MH: You havea backgroundin publish- Brainerd: Well. we werea little skeptical is the samein the Macintoshproduct as ing'l of Macintosh.as many peoplewere. par- our IBM-PC product.This allowsus - ticularlyas it relatedto ourtarget customer. becausethe productsare really the same Brainerd: Yes. My backgroundis as a who is a businessuser. Apple's products. in both environments- to make the journalist.I worked in newspapersfbr back in 1984and l9ll.5.were not widely documentationand the training materials aboutl5 years.going all theway back to accepteclby the businesscommunity. But almostidentical. And this extendsout to highschool and the high school yearbook. we t'eltthe power of the technology.the the dealersand the customers.We've easierto use interface.was a key to our beenamazed at thenumber of customers MH: Didyou use personal computers be- success.along with thegraphics capabili- who are interestedin usingour product lbre vou got involved with Aldus anci tiesthat the computerhad. And of course both on the Macintoshand on the IBM- usingthe Macintclsh'l nowJohn Sculley gives us and myself full PC.since they have a mix of bothcomput- creditlbr helpingApple get into the busi- ersin theiroffices. llrainerd: Yes. I've beeninterested in nessmarket. technologl'throughout my career.and I thinkwhat I've donemore than anything is bridgethe gap betweenthose thal use "I the technologyand thosethat creale it. I built an Altair machine. That was one of cantalk to someonewho isa journalist or a w'riteror an editor,understand exactly the original microcomputers back in the uhcrethey're coming fiom becauseI've '70's been thosepeople. and also talk to an ushereyou had to get out your solder- en-uineerin his languagcand communi- ing iron, and all the components,dnd put eirtc\ hatthc nr'cds ol'1hc uscr: are goinr: to be. them all together. The remarkable thing is

MH: What wasvour first personalcom- it actually worked." puter'.) Paul Brainerd Brainerd: Actually. I built an Altair rnachine.That was one of the original '70's microcomputersback in the where vouhad to getout your soldering iron. and all the components.and put them all to- gether.The remarkable thing is it actually worked.

MH: Why cloPageMaker fbr theMac first ratherthan firr the IBM-PC. which had beenaround longer at thattinre'l

Brainerd: The problemwe hadwith the IBM-PC is that there was no standarcl graphicsenvironment. IBM-PC. as many peopleknow. retrllywas what we call a character-basedcomputer. There was at thattime the beginning of somegraphics. but it didn't havethe resolutionthat we MH: Many cornpaniesfind. when they MH: In a situationlike that.how do you needed.The Hercules card. which was the decide to branch out fiom a machine manageto take advantageof the unique first high-resolutiongraphics card for the they"refamiliar with to anotherrnachine - featuresof eachtype of machine? just IBM-PC and compatibleshad come suchas Aldus going fiom the Mac to the outancl it reallywasn't a standard.nor was IBM-PC - havg a difficult time doing Brainerd: We remaintrue to whatwe call it supportedby IBM. The otherkey con- good procluctsfor both rnachines.Does the user interfhceenvironment: in other cernis the IBM-PC dicln'thave the proc- thatapply' to Aldus? words.Apple has set standards. as well as essingpower that we neededto showon Microsofifor Windows.fbr how the user lhesr'reen whut the Lr\er \ u\ grringlo gel 've Brainerd:One ol'the things we done- u5c\thc eomputerin theirenvironmenl. on the printed page. We f'elt that was andwe're thc first major application in the We takeadvantage of those,and that's the extremelyitnportant to make this much PCenvironment to do this isthat we've 20 percentthat's unique to eachenviron- moreapproachable by a largernumber of actuallyworked out a way of engineering ment. people. theproduct that allowed us to usethe same ln otherwords. in the new versionfor \ol'twijrccrrde thut the engineer: write on theMacintosh. we'll usesomething called MH: It soundsas thoughas soonas vou both machineenvironments. PageMaker. pop-up menus and hierarchicalmenus, saw Macintoshyou said,"This is what 80 percentof the softwareitself. the code, which are new f'eaturesApple's made I've beenwaiting fbr." ls thatthe case'.)

January 1988 availablein their latestSystem software ments in a businesssetting where they We sellourproducts through 5.000dealer thatmakes the computer easier to use,and wantto do documentation. locationsin theU.S. and Canada. and then thosewill only beavailable in our Macin- through28 intemationaldistributors. So toshversion. MH: Aldushas been growing pretty fastl we reacha very largeworldwide market, PageMakerhas been doing extremely and our engineerscan only developso MH: You're going to havea very busy well.There are competitors to PageMaker manyproducts. We needto developaddi- firstquarter of'88. at variousends of thespectrum. Is therea tionalproducts that are complementary to dangerof the desktoppublishing market PageMakerto extendour base as a public Brainerd: Yes.This marksa realimpor- gettingsaturated? company. tant tuming point for the companyin that we are becominga multi-productcom- Brainerd: Competitionis natural in a MH: Some companieslike Lotus have pany. field like this.where we've really created triedto expandtheir base with completely a wholenew markel for microcomputers. diff'erentproducts and have fbund they've MH: What is FreeHand? It's estimatedthat this year (1987),in fallen flat becausethey've spread them- termsof the softwarecomponent of desk- selvestoo thin. Can Aldus avoid this trap? Brainerd: FreeHandis a very sophisti- top publishing,that about 100 million catedMacintosh drawing program,but dollarsin saleswill be made.If you look Brainerd: Yes.We're reallyfocused on also easy fbr a flrst-time user to learn, atthe microcomputer business. that repre- productsthat are very complementaryto someonewho has iust used a painting sentsperhaps 300 or .100million dollars whatpeople need to do.Our key business

"Diuersification LS uery important for us, and that meansbroadening our product line. Aldus in many respectshas becomea salesand marketing company as much as it has a deuelopmentcompe,ny." -Paul Brainerd

in salesbecause of the computersand and our mission at Aldus is to create laserprinters and networks and mice and productsand services that allow people to monitorsthat are sold. So it hasbecome a communicatemore etTectively,and we major componentol' the microcomputer think there's a tremendousamount of businessand there's going to be competi- opporrunityin thatarea to crealemicro- tlon. computersoftware products. We're fortunatein being the standard in the market.and thereforethe leaderin MH: HasAldus thoughtat all of moving the marketworldwide. We haveto work into the Apple IIcs or other machines very hard to maintainour position,by with PageMaker'? updating our products and our tremen- dousemphasis on customerservice and Brainerd: We constantlyare looking at support.We think that'sreally importanr that.and we've lookedvery carefullyat programor a very simplegraphics pro- as we move forward in the market. theApple Ilcs in particularbecause of the gram.It hasspecial effects that allow you graphicsand processing speed that it had to taketext. forexample, and flow it along MH: Are you at all concernedabout satu- over the originalApple II line. We con- a curvedline so thatyou cancreate logo- ratingthe traditionalmarkets fbr this'l stantlyare evaluatingdifferent environ- types and other typesof things.It uses mentsfbr PageMaker.We're askeda lot whal we call a Postcriptprinting com- Brainerd: No. becauseif you look over- about the Atari and CommodoreAmiga mand languagewhich givesit very high all at the PC marketwe reallyonly have aswell. I guessthe best answer right now - qualityoutput. achieved particularlyin applications is that we don't haveany specificdevel- suchas this - maybethree or fouror five opmentgoing on in that area.(We) cer- MH: Thenof coursewe havePageMaker percent saturation of the businesses tainly areinterested in hearingfiom cus- 3.0 for boththe Macintosh and IBM-PC. which could benefitfrom desktoppub- tomersthat would like to see prosram lishing.Diversificarion isvery imporranr productsin thatarea. Brainerd: PageMaker3.0 really extends fbr us. and that meansbroadening our PageMakerin all dimensions.lt is useable productline. Aldus in manyrespects has MH: How would your separateyourself by graphicartists and designers,and also becomea salesand marketingcompany tiom some of the low-end nroductsfbr by peoplewho are doing longer docu- asmuch as it hasa developmentcompany. desktoppublishing?

10 MacintoshHorizons serviceand salespeople get feedback Brainerd:The key here is the profession- continuously.They cameup with a wish Sempersoft' alismof thefinal result.Clearly what we list.if you will. of over350 new enhance- elll thc low-endpackuges are gelting mentsthat our customerswould like to nroresophisticated. As the marketgets seein PageMaker. Modula-2 largerfbr desktoppublishing, it becomes My personalf'avorites get pretty spe- For the Macintosh segmented. so thereare differentpack- cific.Additional imaging capabilities. the Programmer's Workshop agesto meet ditterentneeds. Aldus is ability to put picturesinto publications. u'atchingthis very carefullyin termsof We'vereally been a leaderin thatarea and SemperSoft, the first Modula-2 what we maydo with ourproduct line and I wantto maintainour leadership. I'd like "group compiler written expressly for the off'erdifferent versions of PageMakeror somethingcalled andungroup." If Macintosh, puts MacintoshrM first! new productsfbr differentsegments of allowsyou to put togethergraphical ele- themarketplace. ments into one componentrather than .Now, at your request, Semper treatingthem as separate. It makesit eas- Software brings you another first: MH: We may be seeingditferent scaled- ierto manipulategraphics on thepage. I'd duplicate libraries give you the choice of mjxed upper- and down version,sof PageMaker'.| Iike to seeus do searchand replace,so if Iower-case or all Iower-case. I find a misspelledword I could go .IJse our latest module to make Brainerd: We continueto considerthe throughoutmy documentand check that. your programs MultiFinder ways we can servebroader segments of Thoseare just someof thethings that are friendly. the market:there are peoplewho want on m1'list. .Our libraries include every desktoppublishing products. but don't constant, variable, data structure, necessarilyneed all of the featuresthat MH: What do you personallywant to be and procedure from Inside Macintosh Volumes I through V PageMaker3.0 has. able to do? You've been with Aldus "[Not (even those marked in comingup on l'ouryears. ROMI"). The number of modules MH: What would you say is the most you have to import from is unusualuse you've ever seen PageMaker Ilrainerd: It's beenexciting building a drastically reduced because we put put to'l companyand doing somethingthat f-ew all of Inside Macintosh volumes I peoplehave an opportunity to do.which is through III into a single module. .Our generates lirainerd: A cluplicateof a Campbell's createa major new marketin a rapidly- compiler native 68000 code with calling conventions \or.lpcl.in. but the title on it ratherthan growing industry.such as microcompu- "vegetable and data representation compatible heint beef-'orsomething was ters.I thinkthe key fbr menow isallowing "canned with MPW Pascal: Call or be called speech."And insideof it. rather thisconcept that I createdto reachanother from Pascal. assembler. or ROM thansoup. was the registrationmaterials million peopleor more in the world. It's without glue. tirra nationalorganization's annual meet- realll personallysatisl'ying to go to a .Our generic HANDLE type means ing. The soup label was actuallydone country like Franceand seeour products no type transfers are needed for u rth PageMakerand all theintemal con- being used.We arethe standardfbr desk- memory or resourcemanagement. .We support Pascal-style STRINGs tentsfbr registeringfor theirannual con- top publishing in France,as well asEng- as well as Modula-2's own, and ferencewere inside.I thoughtit was a land.My internationaltravels allow me to include string-manipulation library verv creativeapplication. see the worldwide impact that we're modules for both types. We support havingwith our products.I wantto con- both inline and out-of-line code MH: How do you seeAldus growing? Do tinuethat process, and involve more and procedures. .All \ou \ee more acquisitions:do you see morecustomers in it. the source code used in the more in-housedevelopment; will you libraries is included. .Naturally you get the convenrence splityour the two? effortsbetween and power of Modula-2's separate compilation, procedure types and Brainerd:We'll splitoureffortsbetween variables, absolute-address the two. We have43 engineersworking variables, open array parameters on softwaredevelopment at Aldustoday: and the portable, standard libraries "quick aboutl -5of thoseare working f ull-timeon for and dirty" programs! .The PageMakerproduct development.The Sieve ofEratosthenes written in SemperSoft Modula-2 runs in others are working on developmentfbr 4.52 secondson a Macintosh SE. 1988and 1989product. SemperSoft Modula-2 $125 MH: What aresome t-eatures you'd per- with full MPW (Release2.0, $285 sonallylike to seein PageMaker? requires 1 Meg) Pleaserate this article on the Brainerd:In puttingtogether PageMaker ReaderService Card by circling: 3.0we did anextensive survey of custom- 51 Excellent 52 Good S"*p.rSoftware ers,plus we get letters,and our customer 53 Fair 54 Poor P.O.Box 225 GlenEllyn, lL 60138 (312)790-1253 CIRCLE9 ON READERSERVICE CARD

January 1988 11 dBaseMac SleekYet Sluggish- A RelationalDatabase Takes Off

WayneWong

shton-Tatemade the big conceptof relationaldatabases. allowing Choice(fiom a fixed list). and Graphic leaguewith its MS/PC- non-expertsto manipulatedata quickly. (bit mapped MacPaint or MacDraw DOS databasedBase. Although thereare f-ewer t'eatures than the PICT). Their long-awaited newestreleases of OdestaCorp's Double Themaximum number of recordsyou Macintosh product. Helix II and Acius' 4th Dimension,the canhave in dBaseMac is limitedonly by dBaseMac, is finally a featuresare generallyeasier to access. availabledisk space.and up to 32.000 reality.but don't be temptedto judgeone Thereare severe limits. at leastin version fieldsare allowed per record(as long as productby the other.Once you get pasl I .0.lor developersofturnkey applications. the recorddoesn't exceed 32.000 bytes). thefact that they are both relational-data- All fieldsare treated as variable length up baseprograms called dBase, their ditter- What'slt AllAbout? to a size of 32.(XX)bytes. The program ent parentagesand working environ- dBerseMac's strongestf'eature is its handlesmulti-valued fields easily. mentsare apparent. In 1985,Mike Rosetti interface.Although somer."'hat quirky for a What distinguishedthe MS/PC-DOS broughtthe beginningsof dBaseMac to developer.it is productivefbr an actual versionof dBasewas that it hada robust Ashton-Tate.where he was placed in user.and is one areawhere its all-Macin- proceduralIanguage. to thepoint of being chargeof a newly-hiredteam of Mac tosh heritagereally shows.I'll talk rnore a programmer'sclelight. dBase Mac also programmers.What you experiencewith aboutthc interlace in thcnext reclion. includesa procedurallanguage that is dBaseMac is the fiuit of two and a half dBaseMac providesseven data types. fairly complete.although it's not as ro- yearsof furtherevolution that is unmis- all rich in fbrmattin-eoptions. They are bust as the MS/PC-DOSversion. The takablyMacintosh in look andfeel. Text. Number. Date. Time. Logical, commandsand tunctions provide for flow In a nutshell,dBase Mac simplifies the control, mathematics.string manipula-

,",&,.,\,",i d${qx: f$r'Jo"'' r$ $iri'ii

12 MacintoshHorizons tion andcursor/dialog box control. arealso quite small. feringdata, transf'erring data and retrieving There are someshortcomings fbr a Another nice extensionof the Mac data.This is alsohandled very well with a developerof turnkeyapplications. The interf'aceis pop-upmenus. When you are MacDraw-likewindow. including the ob- currentversion comes only as a single f'acedwith a fixed numberof options. Ject orientedtools such as grids, rules. userapplication. There currently is not clickingon a field popsup a menuof the groupingof elements,irnported graphics a run-time version available. This optionsnext to field. Very hancly.very and piltterns.One f'eatureallows "quick meansthat each user must have his or efTicient. anddirty" viewsto becreated tbr clataentry her own copy of the full dBaseMac A completeapplication is called a and reporting.Views arecategorized into program.There is no documentedway pro.jectand is madeup of file structures. tbur types:Form looks like a data entry to call external procedures.Sixteen relationshipsbetween files. and views. formand is usedrnostly fbr datain, Colum- views and thirty of what Ashton-Tate Althoughthis is helpfulfbr a usersince a nar reminds one of a spreadsheetfbrmat callsflle unitsare the limit of whatcan completeapplication and all relatedfiles andis fbr rctrievingdata, Custom mixes the beopened in oneproject. Each data file canbe openedwith onedouble click. this prior two types of views. and Transf'er is one file unit unlessit hasa graphic is a hindrancefbr anydeveloper who uses allowsthe movement of datain andout of field.which adds another unit. It iseasv a modularapproach to putting to-sether dBaseMac.

dBase Mac usesthe familiar Mac interface with simple sophistication, and has the potential to bring the power of relating and manipulating data to the masses.Howeuer. the easeu)ith uthich you can learn the Viewof a"Call dBASE Mac conbined screen showtne a dataentrv form with a columnarreport window. program is quickly Herethe Htstory"input screen is justabove a four-field'columnarreport showing data from a secondrelated file. ouershadowedby its applications. Graphicsare treated very well in these sluggish performdnce. The databasestructure window is the views.Both fixed graphics (like a company coreol'dBase Mac. The threebasic steos logo or desi-en)and graphicfields can be to run up againstthe limit in a complex to build a projectare; placedand manipulated.The ditfbrence multi-file application.Ashton-Tate has I . Designor definethe datafile. The betweena fixedgraphic and a graphicfield acknowledgedallthese points as areas to fields trrenamed and the fbrmatsof thc isthat the field changes with eachrecord. as belddressed in lutureversions. datato be containedare determined. An in anemployee's picture in a personneldat- awkwardrequirement in this stepis the afile.while the fixed graphic would be like A RealMac Interface needfbr thefirst field to bea ke1' field with a companylogo on letterheadstationary. The user interfacefinally makes onlv uniquevalues. Too often this leads to Themethod fbr importingboth graphics is "id basicrelational database concepts ap- the artificialcreation of an number" a suppliedDA calledPrctureThis. You use proachableby everyone.The prograrn field. Anotherpotential problem is that the DA to open MacPainttbrmat docu- extendsthe familiar Mac interfaceby fleldnames are case sensitive: dBase Mac ments.and with a marquee-likeselection usingfbur differentlcon Palettesalong doesn'trecognize that what you defined box,you cut the image into the clipboard to "Name" thelefi edgeof thescreen. The pallettes as is thesame field that you want pasteit into theopened vrew. give you databasefunctionality via whenyou ask to searchfbr occurrencesof Procedurescan optionally be written as "NAME" mouse clicks. There are many key Smithin the field. setsof instructionsthat can be assignedto equivalentsfor mousemoves. The pro- 2. Definelinks (called relationships) a file. a view, or evena field in a view. gram providesthe tools to allow the betweenfiles by graphicallytracing a line Thesecan be up to 1,5.000bytes long and Icons to be redefined.both in appear- betweenrelated fields of two different allow you to useover 100commands and anceand function.This is importunt. datafiles.One-way. two-way. and recur- functions.An edit procedurewindow is sincemost of themeanings of thetools sivelinks are allowed. A verysimple and provided for the creation of procedures "rela- aretairly obscureas they currentlyap- elegantmethod of providing the with adequatehelp and commandlookup pear.Something that can't be manipu- tional"links. portsto makeprocedure writing much less latedand adds confusion is that the lcons 3. Detinethe views or screensfbr en- intimidatingthan normal programming.

January 1988 13 provementthere would be to haveit con- textsensitive. Retsil Uideo Sustem/0otEbose Struclure The people staffing the call-up sup- port seemedknowledgeable and helpful, and they are therefiom 6:00 am to 4:30 pm. Mondaythrough Friday. The first 90 daysare fiee. but thecall is longdistance fbr most.at areacode 213. Becausethe productis socomprehensive, 180 daysof freesupport would help a lot. Ten calls a year can be purchasedfor $-50:twenty calls can be hadfor $80.For $150,you still get only 20 calls,but on a specialnumber that givesyou accessto the most experiencedstaff. Look for a proliferation of other sourcesofsupport to appear.Jim Heid has a book out through Ashton-Tatecalled dBaseMac In Business.There are on-line forums on both CompuServe and The Source.Lexington Research of Lexing- Viewof dBASEMads structure wtndows showing the relatronships between files in a database.Here, ton, MA. is publishinga monthlydBase rnvoice,customer. and tnventory files are related, as shown by thelong arrows. Mac joumal called New Viev'. it didcrash. I lostmost of my datamanipu- Slug-SlowDatabasing lationsand changes. which reinforced the Scrapbooksand Tablets a systemdiskette Theproduct supplies old adagethat you shouldsave to disk When you createand edit procedures. rl.l andFinder 5.-5. It containingSystem often. the edit procedurewindow only allows doesnot run on System3.2. A quicktrial you to view 9 linesof codeat a time.Use on System4.2 andMulti-Finder yielded DoingThings Manually of an editor-typeDA suchas MockWrite no apparentproblems. The manualsare good and relatively' by CE Softwareallows much morecode A Mac Pluswith a harddisk is the enor free. You get a 15 page Getting to be viewedat onetime. nrinimumhardware configuration for this Sturtedmanual. a 46 pagemanual on Ex- The Scrapbookcan be used to store prograrn.The casualuser will find the changingFiles with dBase,a l-50page commonly used proceduresas well as speedon thePlus adequate. and get more Tutorial and a 300 page User manual. graphicsthat can be cut and pastedinto productivework done than on someof the Sendingin registrationgets you an- views. Watch the use of graphicfields. otherrelational databases otlered today. 1rru1 other manual and disk of dBase Mac First,they take up a lot of space.Second. Speed.however. is a problemfbr any- Templates.The disk-basedtutorial is accordingto Apple MacintoshTechNote thingother than casual use. dBase Mac is goodbut cursory.On-line help underthe #141,the maximum number of pictures sometimespainfully slow. especially Apple Menu is very good.The only im- allowedin a singlefile is 2,721. whenyc'lu add a record.clisplay a colum- narview or defineselection criteria fbr a view.On the SE and Mac ll. the added drl llJrnd0us lrreur \nBp!ho horsepowerhelps. but dBaseMac's per- Contoclsbq CompBnU fbrmanceseems to lag even furtherbe- hind the new DoubleHelix and4th Di- Contactsby Company \ mension.Color supporton the Mac II. Nlr lloro lrD hNre FFI NU howcver.i. quiteitnpressivc. J0l.iE S SAM Speakingo1' speed.disk accessis :AWENCE BILL 6969 l4Tll s@er Sea& 993i5 JACKSON HOWN probabll"the most importantt'actor in de- SAUNDERS HNRY MORT'N DA\IEL termininghow f'asta databaseoperates. 13?2 Mapb BId CMqo iL IO]84 BREWSER EMMN DOJGHSRfl B!YERL Ashton-Tatedoes two things to help. CL4K D!NN]S 10101UqMM CA 950i4 SCUffiERLSD HNRY First,they recomntend turning your RAM PH]LLIP S V]NNIE icN!5 ROD Cacheoff or low sincedBase Mac pro- 4321 MM S@er CA 49584 UTUR SUZN} CHRISN' LORR viclesRAM cachingautomatically. Sec- 9845 Arnu K D& 49589 ASHLEY TM}1Y ERIC ond.you are asked how manyrecords will |]tr:"" rcM PilI{ER CHRIS bein yourdataflle when you first create it. I938 FUNKEY A FT WCRNI 94899 BMSR MM LENDRIN SNDR/ Thisallows preallclcation of diskspace so ASTOOD ASSOC D& ry ?520] NNCLDS GSY scofi ERROL all your dntawill be togetherand reduce FM RELL ROD JACKSON BOB diskseek time. If youexceed that number. 9?]25 MONrcOMERY TRRY no problem.the project runs a littleslower until you usethe reorganizecommand. For version1.0. the releaseis pretty graphicfield inserted as data. The logos of the Viewof a dBASEMac simple tabular report showing a "Logo" steadv.I encounteredf'ew crashes. When companreshave been digitized and filed as datafor drsplay in the filedof thereport.

14 Macintosh Horizons Look intoa specialdisplay item called dBaseMac is a clean,well thoughtout Toblets.It allowsselective showing/hid- Macintosh package.Unfortunately, its ing of fields basedupon certaincondi- lack of speedprevents us from recom- tions.It looksand acts like DA Notepad/ mendingyou buy the current version of it, Hypercard:a pageis displayed,and you but it is potentiallya greatpackage in its accessthe next pageby clicking on an nextrelease. upturnedcorner of thepage. (Editor's note: A bug in dBaseMac The ability to createdialog and alert (ctnrcto our attention after this rerietr boxescan reallymake your applications v'a.sv'ritten. The problem occurs when look prof-essional.Untbrtunately. the vou ore inde.ring(sorting and looking at creationis a littletricky youplace because your duta in cliJJ'erentways), and the MacA.P.P.L.E. text and graphicsusing screencoordi- program.findsany dupliL'ateyalues. some nates.Kent Irwin hasa DA calleddBase of theduta v'otl' t shov'up.ThedBaseMat flagazrne Toolbox that allows you to createthe Jile that's screu'edup is theSM Sert,er.file. dialogs in a MacDraw-like window. and thebug-.fi,r is ayailableon theSourt e. .Interviews O Much easierand way faster.The DA is ComltuSerre,and fi'ont Ashton-Tateit- . Tutorials available on CompuServeand The seu.) . Fleviews Source. . Features .lssues Likelt, But Don't Buy lt Wat'ne Wong i.sa prtlessionul database . Answers dBaseMac usesthe farniliarMac in- deteloper u'ith broad e.rperience in both terfacewith simplesophistication. and the M ac i ntosh and M S-DOS worlds. H e is has the potentialto bring the power of an o(tire partit'ipant in the Seattle dBase relating and manipulatingdata to the u.\ers groups, us u'ell as Mac dBUG A newname. masses.However. the easewith which (dov'ntou'n BusinessU sersGroup ). A newmagazine. you can learn the program is quickly Elegance.Utility. Possibiilty. overshadowedby its sluggishperfbrm- TheIndispensable ance.Developers will behampered by its Pleaserate this articleon the Inlormatlonresouroe single-userenvironment. lack of a run- ReaderService Card by circling: for Maclntoshusers. time versionand the program'sinability 61 Excellent 62 Good to call extemalorocedures. 63 Fair 64 Poor w

MacScheme+Toolsmith Version 1.O - with Application Buildet and Native Code Compiler

A lot of advanced programming languages are You get a fast, incremental native-code LISP downright primitive when it comes to compiler as well as multitasking, an interrupt- delivering stand-alone applications. But driven event system, two levels of access to MacScheme+Toolsmith makes it easy. the Toolbox, source-level debugger, and MORE. The Scheme LISP dialect is easy to Just call the Application Builder ro create a learn - there are 300 pages of documentation double-clickable application that is plus The Little Lisper and extensive on-disk indistinguishable from one written in C or examples. Pascal.Then you can distribute or sell it without having to pay royalties. Modestly priced ^t fi395.

"Beautiful language for the developer, student or For more information. call or write : hacker with a deep interest in programming." Sernantic Microsysterne "MacScheme+Toolsmith greatly simplifies the process of creating full-scale Maclnrosh applications.'' 4470SW Hall St., Suite 340 Beaverton, - Mecuse( August 1987 OR 97005 (503)643.4539 Come see us at MacworldExpo/San Francisco (Jan. 1417), Booth 341. CIRCLE8 ON READERSERVICE CARD

January 1988 15 HyperTalkTutorial: Part 2 What'sin aName? JeffStoddard

astissue I describedthe generalHyperCard ob- which will changetheir numbers. ject-orientedenvironment and the obiect hierar- The last kind of ob.jectidentification. object ID numbers, chy.which goes. fiom topto bottom:(button and neverchange. When an object is created, it isgiven an ID number field) -> (card) -> (background)-> (stack)-> (unlessit's a stack).The ID numberis fixed;no matterhow the (HomeStack) -> (HyperCard). objectis moved.cut. or pasted.its ID numberwill remainthe We alsodiscussed HvperCard events. which same.An object'sID numberis also unique within its containing "flow" generatemessages that down thehierarchy and may be object.For instance,no two cardsof a stackwill havethe same handledby oneof yourhandlers. In theHyperTalk code of your ID number.Two cardsof dift'erentstacks can. however, have the scripts,you will needto refertoobjects. and this is the main topic samelD numbers.but this doesn't decrease the usefulness of ID of thisissue's column: designating objects. numbers.which will be usedprimarily to exactlyidentify an The five basicobjects of HyperCard(buttons. fields. cards. objectwithin its containingobject. "within backgrounds.stacks) are named using a syntaxthat you'll proba- This its containingobject" stuff may be a little bly find simpleafter you get the hangof it. But it can be a bit confusing.This is whatI mean: confusingat first. First, you should know that, minus one excep- object is containedin tion. all objectscan be identifiedin threedifferent ways: by a card button the card it'son name.number. or ID number.The exceptionis thatstacks are a cardfield the card it'son identifiedonly by name. They haven't got numbersor ID a backgroundbutton the backgroundit's in numbers. a backgroundfield the backgroundit's in a card the stackit's in An object'sname is the name that you give it in itsinfb... box. a background the stackit's in It is a simplestring of characters.A stack'sname can alsobe specifiedwhen you createit lrom the File menu.Note that an The names.numbers. and ID numbersof objectscan be object'sname is easilychanged by retypingit on the ob.iect's fbundon their infb...boxes. The two exceptionsare: l) again, info...box. Objects. other than stacks, are ordered within some stacksonly havenames, and 2) theinfb... boxes of backgrounds othercontaining object. Forexample. cards are ordered within don't showtheir numbers. their containingstack. The first card is numberl, the second Objectsare namedusing the following syntax: First,you "card cardcreated is number2. andso on. statethe generic object name; this will beone of: button," "background "card "background "card." The first card button createdon a card will be card button button," field," field," "background." "stack." numberl. thesecond will be cardbutton number 2. andso on. or You fbllow this word by oneof the "stack" The first backgroundfield createdwithin a backgroundwill be threeforms of identification(only a namein the case). "Background" "bkgnd" "button" backgroundfield numberI . thesecond will bebackground field canbe abbreviated and canbe "btn." number2. andso on. An object'snumber is determinedby the abbreviated object'sposition within its containingob.iect. Note that it isn't Forexample. the name card button l, will name(designate) determinedby theobject's creation order. Initially. this will be cardbutton number I on thecurrent card. The namecard button "Howdy" "Howdy" true,but objectscan be shuff-ledwithin theircontaining object, will designatethe card button named on the andwhen this happens. theirnumbers willchange. Forexample. currentcard. Finally. card button ID 344-5will designatethe card thecards of a stackmay be sorted.which will changethe card buttonwith ID number34zl-5. numbering.The buttonsand fieldsof a stackmay be shuffled The namesfbr otherobjects take exactly the same fbrm. They "Bring "Send with the Closer"and Farther"menu selections. will takeone of thesethree forms:

{o! rTS FIETDt{ I F€aN'ryou 113 TEtl? FTELD tO n; rg lt tr' o U Pt ol IL Ja, d. It

16 MacintoshHorizons cardbutton 1 in the messagebox as well. Try them. "put" card button"Howdy" Next, using the command.this is how you could "List" transferthe contentsof backgroundfield into card field card buttonlD 3445 "To For instance.a backgroundfield would be identified do": as: "List" "To bkgndfield 23 putfield intocard field do" "Nuclear "background" bkgndfield Affinities" Notice that the word was omittedfrom back- "List." bkgndfield lD 66754 groundfield Rememberthat HyperTalkassumes the "background" Actually,HyperTalk will assumethat buttons are card but- word in a field descriptorif it is left out. Here "put" tons and fields are backgroundfields. so the two setsof names are someother samplesof commands: abovecould also be writtenas: put secondcard field into third card field put "Cell button1 field Number"into first field putfield lD 45555into last card field button"Howdy" buttonlD 2445 Next time. we'll discusshow to stringobject designators "of ' "go with theword soyou can,fbr instance, to" thecards of "Freebe," "put field23 anotherstack: go to card 3 of stack or into" the "Nuclear field Affinities" field of a cardother than the currenr card: put field I into field fieldlD 66754 5 ofcard 12. Until then- happyscripting! Here are samplenames for the other threetypes of objects: card12 "Building card Map" J eJJStoddard graduated Ji'om Berkelel.v'ith a deg1eein Applied card lD 12223 Math. He is the author ol a Pascal-v,rittenht.pertert program, and tutors at Deun:a.lunirtr Collegein Cupertino,California. background2 "Chemical background Table" backgroundlD 2344 Pleaserate this article on the "Restriction stack EnzymeMaps." ReaderService Card by circling: 71 Excellent 72 Good Next. afteryou've absorbedwhat's above.you shouldbe awarethat vou can use ordinal numbernames to designate 73 Fair 74 Poor objects.This is simplerthan it sounds.Just look anhe fbllowing namesand I think you'll understandwhat I mean: secondcard field SpaceEdit'"Version2.0 fifthbkgnd btn lastcard field first card thirdcard seventhbackground Thepossible ordinal numbers are: first. second. third. fburth. flfth. sixth,seventh. eighth. ninth. tenth. last. Let'ssee how you woulduse object designators in two useful HyperTalkcommands: the go commandand the put command. which takethe fbrmat: go card-designator(or go to card-designator) put field-designatorlinto field-designator2 "go" "go The commandis usedto to" anothercard of a stack. "put" The commandwill be usedto transf-erthe contents of the "inro" fieldnamed by field-designarorI thefield named bv field- .4 Simultaneousviews . Vector-baseddocuments designatorl. (Plan,front, side, axonometric) .2 "go" "put" & 3Dobject library The and commandsare actuallv a bit moregeneral .3 differentperspective modes . Multilayers thanI've inditlted. We'll .rlet to thcirr.ompleie tlese riprions in a . Hiddenline removal . Buih-inplotter drivers futurecolumn. . Shading . Infinitezoom "Card This is how you couldtransfer to a cardnamed 50" of . Viewsfrom the sun . User-definablegrid "go" number-50 and ID numberl23zl using the command . Walk-throuoh mode . in a . Associativedimensioning scnpt: Coloroption-for Macintosh ll . Automaticarea calculation "Card go to card 50" go to card50 go card lD 1234- "to" the is optional O 1987,Abvent "go" ABVENT You mayalso test the commandfiom themessage box. For example,from insidea stackwith at leastten cards, bring 9903Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 268 up the messagebox andtype into it: go ro card7. You will be BeverlyHills CA 90212 USA (213)659-5157 takento cardnumber 7. Any of theother name types will work Macintosh is a trademark ol Appls Computer Inc. SpaceEdit is a trad€mark ol Abvent

January 1988 17 If you are importingfiles from one Motorola helcl a press conf'crence wav: database to anothervia a text file. it is announcingthe 68030 chip. The 6tt030 is To placc a ncw column betweenC and smartto add2-3 blank fields in thetarget fully downwardcompatible with 68(XX) D. placc the cursor betweenthe C and the database. That way. if someextra tabs and 6U020 chips. lt t'eaturesmemor)' D in the column headings,move it right "grow sneaktheir way into vour text.vou won't managementand full multi-taskingcapa- until the wiclth" cursor changesto losefields during the transl-er. bilities.At the sametirnc. Motorola an- a hollow cross. Hold down the Option nounceda 68ft82math co-processor. also kc1' and click the mouse. Presto.new a downwarclll'compatible with the68uu l. column. To aclcla row between rows 3 and .1.place the cursor between 3 and .1. Youmay have heard that you can't use ( hold down the Option key and click the DAs with HyperCard.Wrong! You may ITIOUSe. MichaelJackson and QuincyJones a tof MyTr fullen

havealso heard that you haveto closethe (Thrilleriind Bad albums) use the Macin- DA to get back to HyperCard.Also toshto producetheir music.Others who i wrong: usethe Mac includeBruce Springsteen. .12 First.HyperCard is programmedto be U2. TalkingHeads, Huey Lewis and the If you reaclpage in the MacDraw thebackmost window, which is why there News.and David Lee Roth. manual.you will find thatthe Enter key is a problem.The DA cannotgo behind takesyou 1othe pointer tool. Handy! HyperCard.So try this.Open Art Grab- a ber+ (tbr instance),Copy something. a Now tearclff the Tools or Patternsmenu. If you enteredan applicationfrorn If you look at the Art Grabber+title HyperCard.but you wantto returnto the Doublethe scaleof your drawingin bar,you will seethat it isno longeractive. Finder.hold down theOption key asyou MacDrafiin theLayout menu. Print it out You cannow Pasteinto HyperCard. Click quitthe application. at-50% for beautifulprintouts. Use a copy in Art Grabber+and it becomesactive ol'l ouroricinll lirr thir..just in clre... again.Click on thetorn otf menuand you a are backto HyperCard.This alsoworks a with CanvasDA. DeskPaint.Artisto and If you use Excel anclare struggling CheapPaint.andother DAs. with adding columnsor rows between To losea HyperCardstack. set a pass- other columnsor rows. here'sthe easy word fbr it. Now Quit withoutchecking

1B MacintoshHorizons privateaccess. Later, return to this dialog compfetedl1l20l81.lt fixes 160bugs, (MS-DOS box and checkit. The passwordwill be face programmers.maybe). althoughmost users will not noticemost trashedand you can never get into that Rumorhas it the programmerswere told of thebug fixes - tooexotic for "the rest stackagain. (Thanks, Andrew Wulff of to write it in 6t30(X)assembly language of us." Onenice change is thatthe arrow MouseTimes, Goleta, Calif.) insteadof writing at a higherlevel and keys can be utilizedfbr more thanjust compiling.(Thanks. Deep Disk of LI.of movementbetween screens. UtahMUG.) a Thenext version of HyperCardshould have somesurprises in it. Be sureyou a MacroMindno longerowns the regis- keepan eyeout fbr it. trationcards for VideoWorksI. sincethe your programwas sold and re-purchased.So If you take Mac to weirclplaces. theywant owners of VWI to know thatif a get an Sll outlettester fronr Radio Shack you sendin your VWI Moviesdisk you andcheck out the outletbetbre plugging In Pagemaker2.0 you can make the (Thanks canhave Video Works II for $ 107.post- yourMac in. to LIof[,]tah MUG.) lastline of a multi-lineheadline justify. paid. Tell your friends.The addressis Here'show: MacroMind. l02ti West Wolfiam. Chi- J . cago.IL 60657. Type theentire head with no carriage retuffls. You can storeLaserWriter cartridges . go a Selectthe headline and to thePara- fbr up to 2.5 yearsfrom the production graphmenu item. datestamped on thecartridge. Be surcthe . Turn There are severalways to add to the otf automatichyphenation and storageis cool.dry andout of the light. iconsavailable fbr buttonsin HyperCard. sayOK. Especiallvout of thelight. Alw'ays store . One of the easiestis Icon Maker DA. ChooseJustify. eartritkesin liglrt-tighteontriner:. . When invoked.an icon-sizesquare ap- Placea spaceafter the last word. Add pearson the screen.Simply positionthe XXX's fbllowingthe space until they' a squareover the icon. ICN# or anwork wraplo lhenerl linc. . whichyou wishto makean lconresource Pull up the text block handleto hide If you are clrummingyour fingers out of. the row of XXX's. whileliles arc cop1"ing. trv DiskTopDA. Click the mouseand a dialog box The headlineis nor"'fully.iustified. It isthe f astest wav to copv a fileavailable appears.Select HyperCard (or a specific on theMac. stack.if youon ly needthe icon there ) and a pressOpen. The icon will be addedto a your stack(or to HyperCard'scollection To figure out the decimalequivalent of icons). of a fractionin Pagemaker2.0. go to the Don't protectthc HyperCardstacks If you want a copy of the icon in its Indentsflabsrnenu. Click on the rulerat \'ou'\'eauthored. We areall in a learning "the own separatedocument. select New in the tiaction value you want to convert. process.ancl vou arcpreventing rest IconMakerand create a dog-eareddocu- Thedecimal equivalent will appearin the of us" fiom learninghow to do thingsin menl file r.rith the icon in it. right side of the dialog box. (Thanks. HyperTalk.Besides that. anyone who is By the way. if you needan ICN#. not Linda Spaulding.MacValley Voice. reallyintent on lookinginto your stack an icon. fbr something.hold down the BurbankMUG. Calif.) canuse Stacku'are Detective or oneof the Commandkey while clickingthe mouse ScriptReader stacks to decipherwhat you on your selectedartwork. a havedone.

J Help is on the way fbr noisySE fans. EuropeanSEs have already been fixed. It JeanLouis Gassde. speaking ofFinder takeslonger in the U.S.because of the "lf upgrades: we're not listening.we'd governmentalregulatory agencies who haveto be prettyblind!" haveto certif,vit. Hey. Louie.what's French fbr an eye doctorwho treatsears? a P lt i I I i1t R u.ss a I I r urt s Iri s t nt'n snruI I d c.sktt 4t a Don't usethe (every defaulttabs half publi.sltingbu.sittt,ss .t'i'otn un oftit c ot'er- inch) in Worcl 3.0 if you are going to lrtokirt,qthc Put iliL Oceutt rtn tlte Ore,qon The plot is HyperCardand MultiFin- changetbnts. sizes or styles.or if you are Crnst. ltc ( ()ntmunesv'ith his ]981 vin- der.Why? Because Apple will sellmore going to take the materialinto a page tage Mucitttosh unid utt otld ussortment memorywith thesetwo programsthan all layoutprogram. Pull downthe Paragraph "real" tl rucoons untl heurs. He has had urtit'lcs the past Macintosh programs put to- menuand setsome tabs. publi.shel irt MttcLJser. Mucct:ine, und gether. M ot' i trtos h H rtri t ttt s. a t Pleaserate this article on the Early usersof Word Perf'ectfbr the ReaderService Card by circling: By thetime you readthis, HyperCard Mac complainthat it hasno really out- 81 Excellent 82 Good l.l shouldbe readily available.lt was standingfeatures and has a clunky inter- 83 Fair 84 Poor

January 1988 19 ,.t ,]t S.t

*-*-i,^' h, fir':jii :"""| #'?e-to\ AEC [t*\Sr Inforrnation Manager: RealWorld Proiect Ittlahagement

TimlynnBabitsky and Jim Salmons

EC Infbrmation Man- FirstLevelOrganizing cards.and thinkingabout each card as a agerrM is database AECAM allows you to create.save recordin the databasefile. software you can't and manipulatecomputer-based files of live withoutif yourjob information and produce a variety of - involveskeeping track DeeperPower Subrecordsand reportsin different formats. Each AECi ofprojects,people and IM file consistsof a collectionof individ- Subfields relatedcommunication. ual records.each of which has a list of In additionto standardsingle value submissionsand Writers tracking fleldsthat contain values. alphanumeric.date and time database planninginstruction deadlines.teachers The on-screendata entry interfaceof field types,AEC/IM supportsfive special schedulingbus modules.transit managers AEC Infbrmation Manager is basedon field types tailored to the information organizing the usage and fund raisers the ideaof puttinginformation on index requirementsof managing people and year'scampaign will all benefitfrom use of this project-orienteddatabase. What- everyour lineof work, AEC Infbrmation Manager'sease of use.mail merget-ea- tures and powerful report generatorcan help keepyou organizedand communi- catingeffectively.

PracticalProject Management AEC lnformation Manageris not tra- ditional projectmanagement software. It isnot a directcompetitor to MacProjecf'M or Micro PlannerPlusrM. It hasno algo- rithms to calculate critical paths or to optimize the schedulingof human re- sources. AEC/M providesan integratedsoft- wareenvironment. It is designedto allow the usercontrol over a typicalmanager's jumble of loosecorrespondence, cryptic Post-it reminders,telephone messages A uniquefeature of thisprogram is itsgraphic timelines for proiect planning andhastily prepared and updatedreports. 20 Macintosh Horizons -*_----_ thingsover time - projectlog. submittal Onidndr., arfrr,h,!rrms -*i@f generatorgives you great flexibility in log,address card, notepad and list of text. retrieving information and formatting When you define a field to be one of your output.You can seeyour report on- thefive specialfield types.the real power screenjust asit will beprinted. On-screen of AECIM begins to show. Unlike a lines showing horizontal and vertical single value field on the record'smain pagebreaks facilitate proper report siz- indexcard. when you click the cursorin ing. You caneasily adjust column width one of thesespecial fields a secondary by grabbingand draggingany of rhever- dataentry window popsup. tical field divider lines. The screenis A Notepadfield opensas a standard Setup your own custom work schedule instantlyredrawn so you can seethe re- Macintoshtext window. You can enter up onthe work clock. sults of your efforts. to 32K of text into one of thesefields user-definable (yourtext can work very well asthe body Work Calendaroer file. of a letterin a mail mergefunction). You cun displaycalculalions in hourr. Dateline work hours. A List of Text field pops up as a days, work days. weeks, Among the most exciting report fbr- months.quarters years. scrollabletext window where each line is or matting features of AEC Information The Work separatedby a dottedline. Enteras many Calenderlets you set up Manager- unmatchedby any Macin- your own customwork schedulefor any tosh databasereport generatorwe know typicalor atypicalday in the year. The of - are tbrmat optionsaccessed on the AEC Information calendartracks the numberof hoursyou Graph Setup card. Calendarand calcu- work each day as noted in the Work latedtime-based data can be selectedto Manager stlcceedsso Clock.The Work Clockis a 24hourclock appeargraphically on the report in hori- in which you can specify work hours. zontalbar graphs. well becauseit does * File tdit Beport Commsnd pre$ets 0ptions fltarm not try to be the Equipment/SubmittalL biggest,most t/SubmjttalProgress ChErt flexible November14.1987 all-around database =tr- Submittot/0eliueruSchedute , Stsrt i Finish i Scheduled i Femaining euer written. Activitv Nffie : oste Date i Durution : Furelion- : Lmm/ddt!,14i [mmldd/y/] i (Weeksl i [Weeks] one-lineitems as you want. Onceentered. %.oil39i!l.l9?'119|9ll4i+4 you can sort all entriesin one of these Deriwryschedute ocr0trsi , 0si0ai8i : i8 : _l; h4"ly-ii!'t!1,ql':fl1!9,o-nlimp&dhW!!: fieldsin ascendingor descendingorder. . lli3ilSl .; :: ll. An Addressfield opensto yet another 9onlimid-?:lt€,yPfli- .. , qglgll?l i :: ?1... Conlime'lDeliEr/Date : .' n index card fbrmattedto acceDteleven 0?ll5l8l | t8 items of inlirrmariont:ubiields in Calculate: subrecordsin databasejargon) fbr mail- Q start r Eoilersmust be on site bq 8/0 I /87 - tovercrane scheduled tocorne dovnon 8r'1 5/87 ing and othercontact infbrmation. Q rinisn You .J tLuratirrn can exportthis contactinfbrmation in a prefbrmattedform for easymail mergeto handleyour daily correspondence. The most uniqueand powerfulfield types supported by AEC Infbrmation Keeptrack of the nostcomplicated schedule with project ans submittat togs. Manager are the project and submittal logs. A ProjectLog field opensas a data breaksand non-work hours in eitherStan- SomeExtra Pluses inputwindow whereeach line in a scrol- dard or Military Time, by hour or half AEC lableview containsfive piecesof infbr- hour increments. InformationManager is a RAM- resident mationpcr entry- the activitl name. databasewith field types and fbrmatting startand tlnish datesand scheduledand AlarmingFeatures f-eatureswhich setit apartfiom remainingdurations. any softwareyou might considerin its AEC/lntbrmationManager includes a place. (all A SubmittalLog field is a similar RAM-residence dataand re- powerful Alarm featureaccessed through port secondarydata entry window. forrnatsheld in the Mac's memory), Its scroll- the Alarm menu. You canset up critical ing view meansblazing speed as well asthe flexi- is formattedto acceptany num- datesand reminders in a separateularm bility to add and delete fields from the ber of entriesfbr trackingthe submittal l'ileand llag them ior timely anenrion. recordstructure at anytime. With today's and return dates.duration and statusof Any number of projector personalalarms large amounts of affordable RAM, the communicationsrelated to your project or - "liability" with up to ninewamings in advanceof long-standing of RAM-resi- proJects. the - actual date and time can be ore- dencyis no longermuch of a liability. ciselyset to lhetluy. hour and minure for You can have as many files open at a beep. CalculatedTime Use flashor combinationof the two to once as you want, each with as many signalan alarm. Both pro.jectand submittallog fields fields per record and recordsper file as AEC Information Manager report performtime calculationsbased on one needed, you can define an unlimited

January 1988 21 I]]]l 0Ele rru-----_ priorrtu: ntsrm 22 of i4 I]]]l E;trd capabilities of AEC Information Eposr trsrirk tit;;!:ta,. las----_

Be f: Manager'sgraphical report generator,or t0b: if you want the power of the Projectand SubminalLog featureswith their project calculationsand graphic time line reports, AEC InfbrmationManager is well worth the money.

Setup to 9 warningsinadvance on the programmablealarm clock. Timlynn Babitskt' and Jim Salmons are liice Presidentond Presidentrespe(- titelt'o.f JFS ConsultittgoJ Tusrin, CA, a numberofreport formats perfile. and you researclt, brokeruge, developmentand canhave a recordstructure with subfields. comntunication.firm specializingin mi- which-slves )rou the power of a relational (ro( ofttputersolutionsJor tough research databasewithout the design complexities. and businessproblems. A FewMinuses AEC Intbrmation Manager is not u ithoutu'eaknesses. Project and submit- tal log u'indovu'srelv on 9 pointHelvetica "fine ty'pe.This print"can blind you when vouuse a highDPI resolutionlarge screen monitor. Also. manyof the inputwin- "hardwired" dowsare in termsof sizeand screenposition. While this is okay in "plain vanilla"Macs. it is a realfrustra- tionon largescreen displays. We also found it a real click and "drag" for the programnot to haveMac standarddouble click *'ord selection. Our wish list alsoincludes auto-dialing capabilitiesto maximizeuse of thecon- Product: tact informationcard. We'd like to see AECInformation ManagerrM multipleresource r'"ork schedule calen- Yer.1.2 dars. since rnan\ mana-gersschedule Gompany: peopletbr the samepro.ject even though AECManagement Intormation peoplework difterenthours. Finallv.an Syst6m,lnc. Yes!| wouldlike to knowmore about UMI auto incrementingfleld type would help 20524Amethyst Lane ArticleClearinghouse. I am interestedin keeptrack of thenumber of recordsin the Germantown,ltlaryland t0874, electronicordering through the following database.Polishing these rough edges (301)428-3694 system(s): would hone an alreaclywell-designed Requirements: DIATOG/DialorderE ITT Dialcom ! prog.raminto u realgem. Minimumrnsrhor)r: 1 rnsgfibylo , Price: D Other(please specify) TheBottom Line $4S5.00 : . ,i ! | am interestedin sendingmy orderby AEC InfbrmationManager succeeds mail. so well becauseit doesnot try to be the CIRCLE$ CIT.dFEADEIR.SEI?VICE CAIRD your D Pleasesend me currentcatalog and biggest.rnost flexible all-around database userinstructions for the system(s) I checkedabore. cver r,"'ritten.We recommendit to an1" managerin searchof powerful.easv to use.practical software to solve his/her daill' prolectmanagement problems. Institution'Company- Belbre buy'it. mightsee if one 1ou 1'ou Pleaserate this article of the cheaperH1'perCard personal time on the ReaderService Card by circling: DeDa!'tment and correspondencemanagement stacks Excellent 92 Good Mdress- nou' availablemeets ;-'our needs. But if 91 City-State-Zip- vou can use the remarkablefbrmatting 93 Fair 94 Poor Phone(- )

Mailto: UniversityMicrofilms International 300North Zeeb Road, Box 9l AnnArbor,MI 48106

22 Macintosh Horizons E*pandingYour Plus (WORMDrives and ACTAlndents) BillKaye

MacPlus Expansion Slots rything turnedto chocolatelHe'd done his hangingindents with tabsinstead of f course. a Mac Plus His outlirueloohed movingthe lefi margintriangle inside the doesn't have a general first line indentmarker. and he had hit pulpose erpansion slot uery nice until he returnat the end of eachline insteadof likethe Mac SE or thesix lettingword wrap acljustlines automati- of the Mac II. but like the decided to change cally! SE andthe II vou canin- I showedhim how to make hanging creasethe RAM in thcPlus by swapping the font size of the indentsand the beauty of automaticword 256K SIMMs for onemegabyte SIMMs wrap (we areall beginnersin everything in the RAM SIMM slots(these RAM uthole document at one time). but then told him about SIMM skrtsaren't availablein earlier outline processorsas an alternativeto modcls).This hasbeen available in the and, whammo, word processorssuch as MacWrite lor MaePlus:irrcc it: introduttirrrrt\ o yeilr\ outliningand showedhim how to use ago.but becauseof thecost of onemega- euerything turned Symrnetry'sActa outline processor. This byte SIMMs this expansioncapability to chocolate! incidentled me to discovera new value hasn't been economicallyt'easible and. fbr usingActa. theretbre.hasn't received rnuch press. than 2-56Kchips. expect Macs to be Acta automaticallydoes hanging in- Now. with onemegabyte SIMMs be- shippedwith a minimum of four mega- dents.unlike MacWrite. MS Works,and coming available at more reasonablebytesof RAM. probablysome other basic word proces- pricesand Apple's Multifinder and Hy- sors that require mouse-manipulated percardpushing the limits of clnemega- HangingIndents and Acta ruler changeseach time a hangingin- byteof RAM. theseRAM expansionslots A fiiend of Peggy'sand mine was dentedtopic is indentedor uninclented will allow RAM to be increasedto 2.5or visitingfrom NorthCarolina and. having fiom the previoustopic. And sinceyou 4 megabyteswithout increasing the chip begun a lengthy (five page)outline in can save an Acta outline in text or count. taking more space.and sucking MacWriteat work. wantedto finish it on MacWrite file tbrmat, you can import more poweras do most otherRAM up- our Mac. His outlinelooked very nice your work into MacWrite. MS Works. grades.If. butprobably more likely when. untilhe decided to changethe font sizeof etc. for enhancing.and the hangingin- onemegabit chips become less expensive the wholc documentand, whammo. eve- dentswill remainwith all thecorrect ruler

January 1988 FIGURE1 Hctato MSlUorks tlllPl

I Thisis a test tf Acta A. lt tppearsto havebuilt-in automatic hanging lndenting which is not avtilablejn s0mEword pr0rESS0rs such as HacWriteand HS Works B. Acta,then, mrlFE essilgl could be used to dnwork which requires vrrirruslgindented harrginq indents 1. Thefinished worlq rnuld then be printed from Acta or ssuedin HacWrit-enr text fnrnratanrl opened in llacWrite,115 Works (ss thisActa file is),or ntherword prlcess0r and embellished there 2. Gof nr itll

settings(Figure l)l I like usinghanging indentsa lot and usingActa fbr mostof my drafiswill saveme a lot of timel WORMDrives Panasonicand Optotech have an- nounced WORM (Write Once. Read Many) opticaldisk drivesfbr the Mac. The Panasonicdrive will use200 mega- byte cartriCgesand cost around$2.-500. The Optotechdrive will use400 mega- bytecartridges and cost around $4,C00. I've beenthinking about these as an alternativeto buyinga harddisk but have questionsabout two issues: I ) How do you backupone of these cartridges'?Sure, they're probably much lessdestructible than an ordinaryfloppy or harddisk. but they can be stolen or lost. And a full 200megabyte cartridge would take2-50 tt00K floppy disks. five 40 rneg hard disks. or another$2.-500 WORM Too bad - optical disk storage.fiom one squareof a ball are reflectedat right driveto backone up! whatI've read,seems so attractive (virtu- angles(symbol in is the sameas symbol 2) If you savea documenteverv ten allf indestructiblemedia {as opposed to a out);and it ispossible fbr a rayto retumto mlnutesor so to preventdata loss in the harddisk I andmassive storage capabili- its point of origin.There is a help menu, (the event of a system error dreaded ties).It lookslike a goodhard disk will be but you needto play the gamewith two, bomb!), power outage. or whatever. mv nextpurchase. three,or four ballsto learnthe game well. doesn'ta WORM drive haveto savean Mystery Box gets challengingand entirenew file eachtime (unlikea floppy MysteryBox 1.0 interestingwhen enough balls are hidden or hard disk which can eraseand then This is a .1lK non-DA shareware so thaf thereis a goodchance a ray will write a new file in the samespace ) be- gameavailable on GEnie(Mac library file bounceoff more than one ball. Keith causey()u can never eru\ean) thing on u #1062) that can be played by one or rwo Lambertwould like $5 for MysteryBox WORM cartridge'? players.From 2 to 8 ballsare hidden in the andany comments you have. It's worthit. Wouldn't this practicefill up a center8 x 8 matrix(Figure 2) andit is the WORM cartridgeat an alarmingrate with player'sjob to figureout wherethey are. unwantedfiles'l If these concems "shooting are This is doneby rays" into the a WORM Drive won't iustified. be a matrixhorizontally or verticallyfiom the generalpulpose substitutefbr a harddisk. sidesand interpretingthe resultswhich Pleaserate this articleon the thougha WORM good Drive will be fbr aredisplayed in symbols.The fewer ray ReaderService Card by circling: non-changingitems such as programs, shots.the higher the score. Rays that hit a 101 Excellent 102 Good clip art, ref-erencedatabases (especially ball areabsorbed; those that pass within 103 Fair 104 Poor massiveones), etc. and fbr archivingfiles.

24 MacintoshHorizons MergeWrite1.0 MacDaisY LinklM Sct'ropgives you thepower and flexibil- ity to procluceeverything from simple from Software Discoveries,Inc. fromGDT Softworks, Inc. llyers to elaboratebrochures to books . CodeSMGD01 Ship 512KMinimum $79.9sI | $1.00 andnewspapers. Quickly andeasily. $36.95| CodeSMSWO1 I Ship $1.00 you carlchurn out documentsof all One singleprinter driver that supports kindswith a thoroughlyprof'essional Mail-mergeand tirrm lettercapability arrrdaisl whecl printer or typcnriter look. Scoophas a completelybuilt-in filr theoriginal Mac wttrdprocessor. withunv Mlcirtto:h eotnputcr in rtnl graphicspackage with featuresyou MacwriterNr.is finallyhere. Merge- Macintoshapplication. would get in SuperPaint@and Writelets you: MacDrawrM.Comes with a word l-eatures: processingprogram and a highly . Chooseyour own delimitersfor both sophisticatedspelling checker. Scoop . Easyinstallation via thechooser. thelbrm andthe data document. acceptsscanned images and documents . Supportssheet f-eeders - 3 bins. . Sortrccords by any I'ield. frorn Microsofi@Word. MacWrite. . Auto proportionalword spacing,and . Mergeany rangeor entirelist. IM Illustrator.Abaton@, Dest@. rnicKrcharacter aclj ustment. Adobe . Storeclata in sepnrate docume nt. andother programs. . Fullyjustifies text to within I pt. MacPaintrNI . ('hcck thc accuracytlf cachrecorcl . Ijollowsthe "What you sccis what bcfbreprinting. gcl"philosttphl. Features: . lnexpensive. )r)u . LJsercustomizable tbr stylistic . Full WYSIWG interface. . Frat'lionalI'ont sizes. (1987) changesi.e., bold. underline. italics. MaclnTax'M . Foreignletter characters, or special . Automaticcase modification. fromSoftView, Inc. sl,mbolssupported. . Autornaticpage collating fbr $69.95| CodeSMSCMT I ShiP $1.50 . 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"tcxt" fromTarget Software, Inc. inrport filesdirectly into the Macbinary,and Kermit transf-er 512EMinimum . progranl. protocols. $379.00I Code SMMD3O I Ship $3.00 .Not CopyProtected oouno. 4. Findyour geographic area, then look up the shippingfor the totalweight of your ship- ping "shipping charges"given in the magazine Canada per pound, '1-2 To speedall orders,please include com- equal$1.00 and so may be con- tb. $21.00 product = plete information!Entering your member verted easily to weights ($.50 1/2 3-5 lb. $21.00+$3.00/b. over 2 lb. numberand nameas it appearsin ourrecords oounot. 6-7 lb. $33.00+$2.40/lb.over 5 lb. 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Federal Express Standard Air (guaranteed funds.Put on thecheck your nameand mem- $21.00+$3.00/lb.over 1 lb. second-daydelivery) unless directed other oer numoer. Ctrl. & S. America, Mid Easl wise. 1-25lb. $33.00+$6.60/lb.overt lb. Simply add the shipping charges, listed "base withthe product,and add $1.80 shipping International Shipping Charges tee"to determineyour lotal shippingcost. The InternationalShipping is by FederalEx- minimumshipping charge is $6.00.lf youwish, pressPriority 1 Service.giving two,day deliv- we will calculate shipping costs for you on eryto mostparts of the world.Note there are no creditcard orders. "brokerage Orders only - informationnot available. fees" to pay once the package Youmay specify lower-cost U.P.S. surface arrives.Calculate your shipping like 1-800-426-3667(U.S. except WA. state) shipping.Note: U.P.S. surtace shipments may cost this: 1. 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DouglasFraser

e aregoing to build a multitudeo1'sizcs and colors. front sev- ChoosingYour Components our very own per- erultttltnultrt turcrs. The oncs u c trrcintcr- For thesake of my youngson's col- sonal SCSI hard- esteclin are any that confitrm to the legefund I decidedto makethis project as drive.I'll stopherc 5T-506/4l2 tvpe.This is thesame type of cheapas possible. Therefbre. I wentafier andlet that one sink drive useclin IBM PC's.which means usedequipnrent. and seta price limit of in. Still with me'J therearc a lot of themon theused equip- $500onthe entire thing. I will.lumpahead Haven'tskipped ahead to thenext article'l mentmarket. 'I'he ancltcll you thatI wasable to comein fbr Good.let's begin. 2i Interface Card: This is the under$2-50. with a littlehelp I'll tell you It's not really hard. SCSI interpreter.It takes that signalsoff the about. This is reallyone of theeasiest con- bus anciturns them into commandsthe Bar none.the bestsource of usedand structionprojects you can undertake.Far drivecan understand. For thisproject we discontinuedcomputer equipment is the lesstrouble than a -5l2Kto2 megupgrade are goirrg to need an Adaptec ACB- "Computer Shopper."which hurnblyre- or evenadding a SCSIport to your Mac.It :I(XX)A.The ACB-21000Ais a wonderful "The t'ersto itself as World's Biggest is.lustan assembly of parts,no removalof little carclthat will control two drives. ComputerMagazine." lt's 907. ads.with chipsor solderinginvolved. Just insert tab allowingus to upgracleour storage capac- sclmearticles thrown in fbr filler. It's just A in slotB. Well.almost. it1'at a laterclate. whatyou needif vou arelooking to save $ i 7lq' 17 11y 1, - th p tt 3t The Bor/Power e ss i bi Ii tt' tI bui Id i n.q Supply: Every- sonlemoney. vourov'n SCSIdrite v'as.firstbrought to thingneeds a placeto liveand fitod to eat. Disk Drives - part of the reasonfbr mt'attentionin an article bt"[im Stunding .1)l'he Cables:These are the signal thelow priceof my completedproject was (Mat'TLrtorF eb.'87) Hisc.rcellent article highways.technically ref-erred to as the "Goesinta" "Goesouta." thellrct that I got a drive fbr fiee. Granted dt,scribedhoh' to do it. WhatI am report- andthe Thereare it isonly a l0 megdrivc. but the price was ing nou'isu'hat happettetl to mealong the only a f'ewyou haveto make onefiom right. Someonedecided to upgradethe 14'r.rJ'. the SCSI Portto the Intert'aceCard. and storageof one of the IBM XT's at my What partsare needed'l two trom the Interf'aceCard to theDrive. 'I'he placeof work to a 40 meg. That letj an We can breakthe projectdown into -5) Software: Without thefbrmat- unusedfull height l0 meg Miniscribe flve main components. ting anddriver programs. what we would #2012sitting on theshelfcollecting dusr. I ) The Drive:This is the physical unit have would bc only so much electrical/ But not filr long. Securingthe drive on thatstores the information. They come in mechanicaljunk. indefiniteloan (or until I saveup enoush

30 Macintosh Horizons money to buy a 40+ meg), I set about usuallyshot. I did somecalling around collectingthe rest ofthe neededparts. For andmanaged to find a usedone fiom The thoseof you who have fo buy a drive ComputerSurplus Store for $50. Make straightaway. don't worry.I've seenthe surethat you ask fbr a harddisk drive box. very drive I have,advertised for $125.A becausethey generallyhave a bigger goodplace to find a useddrive is a com- powersupply and a coolingfan. The one puter shop that specializesin IBM/ I boughtis ratherlarge (10"W *12"D * Clone's.It seemsthat a lot of businesses 6"H) but sinceit lives on the f-loorit aretrading in old l0 megdrive s on larger doesn'tmatter. It hasa good sizepower ones.Another place that seems to havea supply.-5V 4.5A and l2V at 2,A(4.5A StlSllngtaller largestock of useddrives is jb Technolo- peak) anda lot of room insidefor mount- you a specialdeal. If you writeto him and gles. ing a full heightdrive and the controller tell him thatyou read this article and want I wouldrecommend starting out small card. a copy of his program,he will ship you andcheap. There is nothingwrong with a lf I couldn'thave tbund a usedbox I one fbr S-50.I f'eelthat it is worth it. and l0 meg drive. lt has more than enough was all setto buy a new one fiom Inte- laterin this articleI'll walk vou throush room fbr a large Systemwith fbnts and grandCorp. They make a verynice line of formattingmy drive. DA's galore.plus fbur or five Excelsize drive boxes/powersupplies in just about applicationswith relatedfiles. My l0 meg everyimaginable size. A newone fbr this is only abouthalf full andI coulddo some projectwould have cost $125. HowTo Put lt AllTogether housecleaning. If sometime down the Cablesand Such- ribboncable and Thisis reallyjust simpleconstruction roadyou decidethat a 10meg drive is not its assurtedcrimp connectorsare a god- - boltingthe drive and interface card in enough.all you haveto do is pick up a sendfbr the home builder.Some of this andaddin-u a few cables.The real fun is in used,10 meg (by that time they may be stufTcanbe had at a RadioShack Store. A fbrmattingthe drive.so let's get to it. sellingfbr under$200). drop it in 1'our goodmail ordersource is Altex Electron- The InterfaceCard - ok. go ahead. drivebox. re-formatit andaway you go. ics.All in allyou should be able to buyall openup thepackage and have a look at it. InterfaceCard - theAdaptec ACB- the cableand connectorsfbr under$2-5. Nice lookingcard, lots of parts.And the 4000Ahas been around fbr awhileand has Of courseif you wantto havetwo drives bestthing is you don't have to do anything workedits way into the discounthouses. and a loop throughSCSI Port you will to it. As theAdaptec ACB-4000A comes, I've neverseen one for saleused. but the haveto doublethat amount. it is readyto use.It is self-terminatedand new price seemsto be about $130. I Software - there are a couple of setto addresszero. This meansit should boughtmine mail orderfrom The Com- sharewareSCSI fbrmatting programs out be the lastthing on the SCSIbus (or the puter SurplusStore. They also sell the there.but mosthave been designed fbr a onlything). If fbr somereason you want to manuallor $l{.For thisproJect it i\ not particularsize and type of drive. They changeits addressand add another drive reallynecessary to havethe ACB-40004' suggestusing ResEdit to changethe para- to the bus. you must remove the two manual.but it can'thurt (you may be able meters f or yourtype of drive.I triedto use socketedterminator resistors packs (RP3 to get one tbr fiee by writing directlyto these.with lessthan satisfactoryresults. & RP4) and add a jumper to J5 Adaptec). but I will statefbr the recordthat it was (AB= I "standard" .CD=2.AB&CD=3,8F=4.AB The ACB-4000A is the mostlikely my lackof knowledgeand not &EF=5.CD&EF=6.7=MAC).But since versioncontroller. It fbrmatsthe drive in the programsthemselves that were the this is our first andonly drive,just leave MFM. The other Adaptec card is the problem. everyfhingalone. ACB-4070 which fbrmatsin RLL (Run What I did comeup with is a wonder- Someprecautions. Try not to handle LengthLimited). This allowsyou to put ful little tbrmatting program fiom Carl the card too much. It is probably pretty up to -507omore data on a drive.In other Nelson & Associatescalled SCSIIn- resistantto staticelectricity, but why take words,a l0 megdrive becomes a l5 rneg. staller.This wascreated to fbrmatdrives thechance'l Also notewhere pin number "RLL A driveshould be Certified"to use controlledby theAdaptec card. Isn't that I of theedge connector J2 andJ0 is (J1 is theACB-4070 card. but anydrive can be convenient'llt allowsyou a greatdeal of fbr a seconddrive). becausethe ribbon fomarted MFM with the ACB-21000A. controlin settingup your drive.You can cablesmust match up on the harddrive. However.it seemsthat a goodnumber o1' partilionthe drive into sections oreven \et The Hard Drive - I havebeen told olderdrives can support RLL eventhough up the controllerto run two drives.One thathard drives will work in prettymuch they weremade before that type of encod- very important function it has that I any position.But for the most part the ing was used.The Miniscribe#20 l2 is haven'tseen on anyother installer is the circuitcard side goes down. There should oneof these.You canuse it with theACB- abilitv to run Bad Block Tests.When a be someholes in thecircuit card side that 4070 card and createa l5 meg drive. I drivecomes fiom themanuf-acturer it will matchthe four holesin theAdaptec card. decidedto stickwith the standardACB- have a list of bad blocks.You tell the I usedsome small rubber washers to space 4000Abecause it givesme a largerselec- tbmatting program about these and it theAdaptec card up off thedrive. I put the tion of drivesto work with. But if you makessure thut data never gels written to 50 pin SCSIconnector towards the front havea RLL driveand want to getthe most them.So. what if youget a useddrive that of thedrive. so the other two ribboncables out of it. buy theACB-4070 card. It is the no longerhas a bad block list?Or what could be short, and the power supply sameprice as the ACB-40004. aboutthe bad blocks that can develop over plugswould be closetogether. Boxes/Power Supplies this is time in a drive?You needa programthat Thereare some things that you haveto probablythe item that's hardest to get.By will testthe drive and find thoseareas. and find out aboutyour drive. They will be thetime most hard drive boxes get into the thatis whatthis programwill do. neededwhen it comestime to fbrmat it. If surplus storesthe power suppliesare Mr. Nelsonhas also agreedto make thedrive is new or youare lucky, it should

January 1988 31 and the Number of Cylinders. In my drive, the Number of Cylinders is 306 INSTALLERPROGRAIY andthe Head Park Cylinder is 336,hence the offset of 30. If you don't know, or SelectSCSI Hddress of deuicegou ruishto urorkrulth your drive does not have a Head Park Cylinder,then just entera zero.Click on then pressthe ffppropriateButton. Accept Values and then on Reformat Media. Go back to the startupwindow StSlflllllEtSS: O0 O{ O.r OJ O4 Ol} +{i and do an Option/TestMedia. This will takeus to a specialtest win- FOEMRTMEDIH... dow. I'm goingto assumethat you have a useddrive that no longer has a defect TESTMEO I R... list. From herewe will run the Destruc- tive Test three times (the normal Test Media is nondestructiveand can be run INSTRLL OFIUIE... anytime).Note which (if any) defects come up and make surethat they are the O1987bg CerlNelson & AssociateE sameeach time (thedrive I havehad zero def'ects,quite unusual).Inconsistent re- Figure1: A snallbut powelul program from Carl Nelson and Associatesallows sultsusually point to a hardwareprob- youto customize your hone-built hard drive. lem, like cross-talkwith the controller have come with some documentation. voltagesare correct under load and that the card(on some drives you can't mount the You needto know l) The StepRate,2) drive soundsOK while runningand that controllercard on thedrive. so try some- TheNumberofCylinders,3)TheNumber thereno large flames shootingout from whereelse in the box). After you have of Data Heads,4) The ReducedWrite anywhere. compileda list of the def'ects,go backto CurrentCylinder and 5) The Landing (or The Software - I guessI have to as- the Device/NlediaFormat window and HeadPark) Zone. lf you don't havethat sumethat by thistime you haveassembled enterthem in the Edit Def'ectList. You pieceof paperyou will haveto call the your hard drive, pluggedin the SCSI to may wish to checkthe SetupController drivemanuf-acture's tech support line ( fbr Maccable and powered the whole thing up. window to make sure that nothing has Miniscribe l-ti00-824-3799).There are The drive shouldbe allowedto come uD changed.Then Reformat Media again. It generallyvery niceand helpful people at tirst. Boot up the SCSIInstallerand select is now time to Option/lnstallDriver. tech support.just tell them the drive's the Adaptec 4000A fiom the Controller/ Notice in the upperright handthe Tot modelnumber and ask away. Drive Menu Blks Avail: this is your drive'ssize as Figures2 and 3: You PffHTITI0NMHP-slot #l #2 #5 #4 canset up two 10 Start Block#: t6 t 00l6 0 meg.hard drives to 0 acl asone 20 meg. # of EIks: | 0000 t20t4 0 0 dnve. File$gs l0: TFSI TFSI

- Cabling the trick to makinggood The installerwill now searchthe bus figured out by the program.Remember connectionsis to go slow. Pick the col- fbr any attacheddisk drives.If it doesnot in thiscase each block is 5 I 2 bytes.Just oredwire (or thebrown one if theyare all find yours check that the wiring is correcr under that are fbur buttons: three that colored)and say that this is wire#1. Then andthat the drive appearsto be working. If pick thetype of driverto beinstalled, and lineup thecrimp connector so pin #l will it doesfind your drive, the installerwill oneto removethem. If you seta Land'g "lnstaller crimp wire #l and slowly squeezethem comeup with a windowlabelled Zone Offset when you formatted the togetherin a vise,make sure the connec- Window."(See Figure l.) drive then pick Mad (ParkOE).A.This tor is linedup straighton theribbon cable. Next click on the FormatMedia But- driverwill makesure that the drive head Do theother end the same way andyou are ton. is parked wheneveryou chooseShut set. We will come back to this window Down from the DeskTop Menu. If your - The Box open it up and figure out later.Right now we haveto entersome in- drive self'-parkson powerdown or hasno which end the drive goes in. You may formation about the type of drive you parking cylinder then pick rhe havemounting holes on the bottom,the have.So chooseSetup Controller. Olrver(Basic).A, (the lasr one sides.or both.Make surethat the SCSI Everything should be set to your Opus(Multi).Ais forhaving rhe Adaptec and power supplycables have room to drive's requirements.If you don't know cardcontrol two drives).The UseSlot #: snakearound and that they don't get into the properStep Rate, 28us is a good start- will be set already and need not be the tan. The best mountingholes have ing place.Also, pick an Interleaveof 3. changed.What it allows you to do is somekind of rubbergrommet in them. Thesevalues can be re-adjustedlater as we install up to five differentdrivers (which which helpswith vibrationand shockto fine-tunethe drive for the best possible is out of the scopeof this article). the drive. lt is bestto testthe drive befbre perfbrmance.The LandingZone Offset is Now down to the PartitionMao. The attachingit to the Mac. Make sure your the differenceof the Head Park Cylinder StartBlock#: should be ser ro l6 irhisis

32 MacintoshHorizons to allow you room to updatethe driver, or Options- with theSCSIlnstaller it is voltsall right,but I couldnot adjust the I 2 addmore functions at a laterdate). You do possibleto divide your harddisk into four volt sideup past9 volts.The supplywas not needto setaside this much room - a logical sectionsor partitions.Each parti- made by Xentex so I called them and startof 8 would be OK. But it is perhaps tion will haveits own Icon andname on asked for a Xerox of the supply sche- betterto usea little more spaceand make theDeskTop. The reasonyou may wantto matic,which they graciously sent. I spent life easierlater on. The # of Blks: will be do thisis to savevourself trouble when it aboutfive hourstrying to figure out what Figures2 and 3: A suggestion- put your PffHTITIONMflP-SIOt #I #2 #5 #+ System/Finderandyour StartBlock#: t6 22050 0 0 applicationsonone drive, andyour working files on # of Blks:220t4 44060 0 0 theother. FileSgs I0: TNfltI INfl I whateveris left over from thetotal. If you comestime to backupyour disk. lf. for waswrong with that 12volt supply.Then are not great at math. just enter 999999 example,you divided your disk in two. I noticedthat it hada smallstrapping card andthe installerwill figure out thecorrect you could put all the System,Finderand for differentline voltages,hidden inside amount.The File SysID: isa magicword, programapplications (that really don't the fuse holder.Sure enough,someone thinkof it asstanding for TheFile System change)in one patition. And all your hadset this drive up to runon 220volts. fbr One. working files in the other.This second what reasonI can't guess.Turning the Well that'sit. click on the DOIT but- partitionis the one that you will want to card to the 120 volt side fixed all the problems.When you buy usedequipment, look carefullvl Extras - if you wantto makea 2,5pin I noticedthat it had a smdll strapping card lor SCSIconnector instead of thestandard -50 different line uoltages,hidden inside the holder. pin.here is thepin outyou need. My drive fuse box hada verynice cut out in theback for "D" Sure enough,someone had set this driue up to run a 2-5pin connector.So insteadof ushatreason I can'tguess. Tfurning carvingup a lot of metalI built this. on 220 uolts,for 25 Pin "D" Connector to a 50 Pin the card to the 120 uolt side fixed all the problems. IDS Connector Whenyou buy usedequipment, look carefully! 25Pin 50Pin Adaptec 1 48 Request you have got a formattedinitial- backupall the time and also it will be ton and 14 1a( Ground izedhard drive that you built yourself. subject to file fiagmentation.So it be- a 42 Message arenot really done comes very easy to clean up this one Fine Tuning-we 15 46 Control/Data yet.What you shoulddo is get hold of a partition without upsetting the other 50 vo utility namedDiskTimerll (CompuServe (Figure2). to 7,9,11 Ground or GEnie)and run it on thehard drive. It As you can seein the exampleI've 4 40 Reset giveyou a timefbr Reads.Writes and made the first partitionisl0000 blocks will 17 32 Attention Seeks.Note what these are and go backto large.The secondpartition begins at Start 5 38 Acknowledge window.Try setting Block#:10016and usesthe restof the theSetup Controller 18 13,15,17 Ground PulseRate to 12us.and the Inter- disk(inthe second # of Blks - just enter theStep 6 36 Busy to 2. Reformatthe drive and rein- 99999 and the program will figure the leave 19 44 Select the driver. Run DiskTimerll again remainder).Of courseyou could build stall 7 35,37 Ground and seeif the resultsare betteror worse. four. but thatmay not be of much valueon 20 18 N/C(DBP) Keep at it until you get the best set of a l0 megdrive. 8 z DBO times. Here are the different readings If you have two hard drives of the zl 4 DB1 drive.(Step Rate at 12us.) sametype. you canhave the ACB-40004 from my :, 39,41,43 Ground card make them work as one large drive z1 o D82 lnterleave Read Write Seek (Figure3). 10 8 D83 1 437 441 44 In this PartitionMap I haveset up two ZJ 10 D84 2 198 464 42 l0 meg drivesto act as one 20 meg. As 11 12 D85 3 137 227 42 you can see the magic words have 24 45,47,49 Ground 4 180 182 42 changed. They are now CNAO and 12 14 DB6 5 224 226 43 CNAl. You would install the Opus 25 26 Spare Driver. 13 16 D87 As you can see.the numbersjumP Gotcha's- afterI receivedmy drive around.I chosean interleave of4 because caseand power supply I decidedto testit it seemedto givethe best balance between all out befbreplugging the drive in. It Readsand Writes. seemedthat the supply was making 5

January 1988 33 Mac SEflI SCSI port pin #25 becomes50 Pin SCSI connectorpin #26 (l haveno idea I 50 pin 1,S$coftnsdc*or Fernale,dual row pin connector why, but trust me). Pin #26 on the Adaptec t 40004 card is labeledas a spareand is tied to t 20.pinlil$.coftrr€ctnr Female,dual row pin connector ground.That is why theMac II wasso unhappy 2 34,pinISE connecior Edgetype connector { with the l0 megattached to it. So with thatin T 2q:pinlDE coilrrFctar Edgetype connector mind let'smodify the SCSI to Adaptecribbon $0 pin,$GSleonns6ts:r Female,should include mounting cahleso lhis u ill neverhappen again. hardware It iseasy to separatethe wires ofthe ribbon cablewith a sharpknife or razorblade. Then CableParts List just removeabout a quarterinch of wire #26. UnitedProducts Corp. After this repairthe Mac ll washappy and Fivef-eet of -50connector ribbon cable 1123 Valley St. thetransf'er went smoothly. I amalso happy. as (you canget by with 34 connectorcable. AdaptecCards, Disk Drives, I now have a 42.-5meg 30ms drive and a just cuttwo pieces2-5 connectors wide fbr Seattle,wA 98109 Iellovcrl0 mcg.Whit h hringsme to a previeu theSCSI bus). See Table l. RibbonConnectors, Boxes of my nextproject. We aregoing to useall the (206)682-5025 past hardware articles and build an Ap- WhereTo Get Stuff pleSharetile servcrwith a built in harddrive for underS1000. P.S.This is a littleadd on to thismonths No kiddinglSee you around... Ariantoc lnc column.About two wecks alier I finished this "great. I iloratr rro l-)onl prtlect(and this article) I cameacross a 580 CottonwoodDr. can'tpass it up" dealon a used;12.5mcg Atasi Douglas Fraser, a yideo engineer Milpitas,CA. 95035 30.5l.l did not passit up. But I alreadyhad Jor spentthe time buildingup theSystem and or- KTZZTI' in Seuttle.bought his.first 128K ganizingthe files on the l0 meg,and I did not Mttc in Februart' d 1981 . His originul AltexElectronics, Inc. looktbrward to startingover. Laziness breeds Mac has eyolted into a miracle Mac v'ith 10731Gulfdale greatideas. and also troublc. 2 megs oJ RAM, a SCS/ port, and u 10 RibbonConnectors My bosshas a new Mac II with 5 megsof megah\-te hard drive. SanAntonio, fX78216 Ramand a:10 meg drive. At thispoint in timc (800)531-5369 his clrivewas lessthan half full. Actually.he spendsmost of thc timc in MultiFinderwith Pleaserate this articleon the "Look ComputerSurplus Store ten or so applicationsopen. saving. at ReaderService Card by circling: 715Sycamore Dr. this.isn't this amazing!" 1hate him. Anyway. 111 Excellent 112 Good AdaptecCards, Disk Drives, we decidedto plug my l0 meg drivc into his cxternal SCSI port and transl'erthe entire 113 Fair 114 Poor Milpitas,CA 95035 contcntsacross to a fblder. That way when I got the new '10 nreg tbrmattcd and such we Boxes/PowerSupplies couldrcvcrse the process and away I wouldgo. LETTERSPOLICY (408)434-1060 Thc Mac II intemalhard drivc is sct at SCSIaddress zero. So I changedthe l 0 megto DiskDrive Repair Inc. addrcssone by addingjumper AB on the 863 IndustryDr. Adapteccard. I havesince run a ribboncable DiskDrives to a lbur positiondip switchmounted on the Seattle,WA 98188 back of the drive. and can set any address (206)57s-3181 changefiom there. Wc pluggedthe 10meg in andfired it up. Alier it cameup to spcedwe turnedon the Mac IntegrandResearch Corp. M acint o s h Horizons welcomes II. Never in your lif'ehave you heardsuch a 8620 RooseveltAve. letters from its readers on any squawkingsound as the Mac II wasmaking. I topic relating to the magazine's Boxes/PowerSupplies dovcacross the desk and turned the power off content, experiences with hard- Visalla,CA 93291 to everything.Afier unpluggingthe 10 meg ware and software, A.P.P.L.E. (209)651-1203 drive. theMac II re-startedjust fine. There was somethingabout the l0 mege xtemal drive the services, current issues in jb Technologies,Inc. Mac II did not like. yet it ran fine on my up- computing, or programming 21011ltasca St. Unit F gradedMac. notes. Because of space limita- DiskDrives Digging throughthe Apple hardwaresup- tions, not all letters can be se- plemcntsproduced the port Chatsworth,CA 91311 answer.The SCSI lected for publication or printed on the Mac Plus (and Mac Plus compatible (818)341-2935 in their entirety, but we try to upgradecards) is different front the Mac SE present a representative sample andMac II. Theculprit is pin #2-5. It isnot used of your views. If you would like CarlNelson & Associates on the Mac Plus.but the SE/II run +-5volts your address published, please 4327 RuckerAve down it. This all hasto do with thatold bug-a- "Termination." include it next to your signature. SCSllnstaller$50 boo I guessthat on thesenew Everett,WA 98201 modelsApple has decided to supplythe posi- tivc voltagefor their in-lineterminators. Be- Send to: RadioShack Stores fbrethis thepower had to comefiom thedrive. Mqcintosh Horizons AnywhereU.S.A. It makesmore sense to me to haveeach device 290 SW 43rd St. supplyits own terminationand not messwith RibbonCable/Connectors Renton. WA 98055 all this.Which is whatthe Adaptec card does.

34 MacintoshHorizons PowerStation WhenYou Gotta Get ThereFast

Keith Toleman

ow organizeclare you/ And how'usef'ul vou I'indthis utility' PowerStation).TeachText, Pyro & Py- Onegood u ay to l'rntl maybe a goodinclication ot'how wellytlu roEdit(an excellent screcn saver and the oul ir to lltke lr lotlk lrt haveorganized vour software.If you ltre application to configure it). and the "Open PowerStation.the new comlbrtahlew'ith the Finder.have a 20 PowerStation"application. This Fincler substitute 1'rorn megabl"teharcl clisk. ancl have organizecl applicationlets yttu open PowerStation Soltuarc Suppll. thc y'clurfiles so thal vou are able to ilccesslhe without openingthe systenllbldcr. but samefblks who bring you Suitcase. applicatiorror docuntentvou needwith- many users will vu'antto make Power "soft- This remarkablywell-designecl out unduc slress.vou prrtbablvwon't Stationthe startup application. warecontrol center" allows you to recon- rrcedPoil'erSation. figure the applications.documents anci Whatlt Does deskaccessories on your harddisk into a WhatYou Get When you first openPowerStation, a seriesof full-screenfilenus. Each page PowerStation comes on a single tt(X)K screenappears with severalsmall boxes. accessto a selectioncll the Theseboxcs are simply tbr displaying providcsdirect cliskette. l'hc tliskette inclucies all "an- software.regardless of whereit resides Firrdcr 5.5iS\\lcttt +. I :ol'tuitrc. thc text. anclcan be renamed.cut or amongyour file folders. PowerStation application (which must chored"so that their positionswill not reside in vour Svstem Folcler).two text changeduring cleanup. l'iles(one on thc 11.I systcrnupdate . one on Click on any blankarea in the screen anclthings change: the outlinesof many more boxesappear along with a set of clickable arrows at the bottom of the screen.Thcse arrows allow you to in-

"software This remarkably usell-desigrted control center"allows you to reconfigure the applications, documents and desk acces- sorieson your hard disk into a series of full-screen menus.

January 1988 35 Createyour own * File i:

0pen other...

Printother...

lnstall... SBI ! 0ocumenticon pops up menu lJr]ilfi:ii1+ lltt4i.tlt{tiir r}tir}r} l}r}r t* tlrri tlrrtr.rrr:r:rrt

stantlybring up anyone ofup to l6 pages application.and you can print any or all of For example.suppose you useExcel filled with boxesthat. when clickedon. the selecteddocuments. even if they are to run payroll repofis. analyze sales will quickly invoke the applicationor locatedin ditferentfblders. trends. and manage vour personalfi- "Preferences" deskaccessory you havcinstallcd. Select from theSpecial nances.You couldcreiite a pagecontain- To installa file. simplyclick on oneot menu to configure PowerStation.You ing Exeeland all thedocuments associ- theempty box outlinesand pick anydesk can choosethe action taken when you ated with one of thesefunctions. along accessoryor applicationfrom the stan- click on a file box (openapplication, dis- with any otherapplications or deskacce- dardMacintosh file menu.Each page can playrnenu. or displaydocumenl window) soriesyou would usefbr thatfunction. containupro27 boxes ifyou areusing the or whenyou quit an application.You can If you'reone of thelucky fblks with a standard Mac Plus/SE monitor. and alsoset parameters fbr thebuilt-in screen 40 MB, 70 MB or larger hard disk. PowerStationautomatically creates a saver,Pyro (which is includedwith Pow- chancesare you've succumbedto the largerpage if you areusing a largescreen erStation). Second Law of Thermodynamics(all display. systemsmove from order to chaosover Lay 27 time) and finding a particulardocument outup to or applicationhas become an arduous trek buttonson an throughhundreds of fblders. 'm ordinaryMac I sureif you takea few momentsto screen. objectivelylook at the way you work in light of PowerStation's capabilities, you'll think of manymore applications. Eleganceand Simplicity PowerStation is Steve Brecher's commercialupdate of his popularpublic domainWayStation program. In revising the original program, Brecher has pro- videda userinterface of unparallelledele- ganceand simplicity. If an document or application has moved since you installed it, simply If you have installedan application "Find WhatCan You Do With lt? choose All InstalledFiles" from the that can create documents. a small You cangroup the documents. appli- File menu and PowerSationwill search dogearedbox will appearnext to the cationsand desk accessories unique to a your harddisk, find thefile, andremem- applicationname. By clickingon thisbox particularfunction (such as desktop pub- ber its new location. youcan create your own documentmenu. lishingor telecommunications)into indi- Thepop-up menus are extremely clear allowingyou to groupall relatedfiles into vidual pages.Since you can duplicate and well-organized,can be configured a singlewindow regardless of wherethey applicationboxes on differentpages, you severaldifferent ways, and can be moved arelocated on your harddisk. Any docu- could create a seriesof task-oriented and duplicatedwith remarkableease. ment can be made the def-aultfbr that pagesusing the sameapplications. Keystrokeequivalents are also provided

36 MacintoshHorizons * tile i:tlr:{ PreferencesBox- Youdecide:what happenswhen you lnterualof idlenessafter ruhich 0efaultfor nerulg-installed PouerStationscreen qoes to sleep: applicationsuith document clickon a button,how ,J 2 minutes minutes irons- urhenmouse Pressed y0uwant y0ur screen iJ | 0 minutes minutes on iton: to appear,or howfast fl Infinite(neuer sleePf f_r)Shoru documents urindour Pyrowillspring into tJ Popup menu Fireurorks action. Hpples Names of bo$es dedicated Iluringsf,reen sleeP, bat,kground a document should be in: tasksIalarms, spoolers, etc.l are: ii flpplication font {J tnabled 'iJPostponed {ll,SUstem font flfter enitingPouerststion to Finder- urhenthe next applitation openedfrom Finderquits, return to: Ei Finder fi PouerStation Your:an temporErilU reuerse this choit:ebg pressing0ption uhile r:lirkingthe Finderbutton or tgFingthe tnter keg.

for most menu choicesand mouseac- theFinder. but it's not for everyone.Even tlons. thoughthis productis well-designedand Product: implemented.it is usefulonly wherethe PowerStation A Questionof Compatibility numberof filesor thecomplexity of your Gompany: PowerStationworks with all 512 or clesktopstructure makes the Finder an SoftwareSupply larger Macintoshesand most large unwieldlyaccess method. 599N. MathitdaAve. screendisplays. It has severeproblems The Finder remainsthe most intelli- Suite210 underMultiFincler. but SoftwareSupply gent and graphicoperating system front Sunnyvale,CA 94036 hasposted a patchto all themajor bulle- end availablefor any computer.If you (408)749-931 1 tin boardsand services.Unfbrtunately. spenclsome time implementinga desktop Price:$59.95 thispatch is providedin thefbrm of HEX thatreflects thc way you work, chances are stringsand locationsthat needttt be al- vou won't needPowerStation. CIRCLEI20 ON READERSERVICE CARD teredusing Fedit, MacTools. or trnother file editor. This leaves a lot ofroom for Keith'l'olemunrun onettl'the first MuL in- Pleaserate this article on the error,and we hopethat Softwarc Supply Io s h -ba.s t'tl de s kt o p p ub Ii sh i ttg, o p erctt i ott s ReaderService Card by circling: will substitutea self-applyingpatch in f'rtru Silicort\:ulley .srttv'ctrct omTtunt'.He 121 Excellent 122 Good thefuture. If you do attemptto applythis is currentlv o nrurkcting spet'iulist and putr'h.make \ure )ou usea toPY.n()tthe 123 Fair 124 Poor prodttct ntunu.qcrlltr u so.ftv'are.firnt irt originalapplication. Ncv'York City.and a regularcontributttt' A FineFinder Substitute to M ttt'irttoshH ori:ons. PowerStationis a fine substitutetbr

A HIGHLY OPTIMIZEDASSEMBLER BASED APL INTERPRETERFOR FAST AND POWERFULPROGRAMS, AStCI@gr+hlG FEATURES A COMPLETEINTER. OA9ol3 FACETO THE MACINTOSHENVIRON. MENT WITH PULLOOWN MENUS, b 1r) hh hbchh Fre)h PI r)PSO) hcch DIALOG AND ALERT BOXES-AND GRAPHICSFACILITIES- lo6ln Sh Ir blcbfF€ IteE Orltk€F$9 Order di red tor $99 + $7 shippins, $10 Camda. VISA/MC/AMEX + 4% NJ res + 6% eles bx. January'sFont of the Monthis LaserPerlectBenares. distributed by NeoScribeInternational of EastHaven, Connecticut. a companythat developscustom fonts for Postscriptprinters. LaserPerfectBenares rs a completeDevanagari alphabet. the officialscript of India.Deva- SPENCER nagariis usedin writingSanskrit and manyother modern Indian languages. like Hindi, Urdu, oRGANIZATION,tNC. and Marathi.The font takes its name trom the sacredHindu city of Benares,and was drawn P.O.Box 248 Westwood,N.J.07675 by graphicdesrgner Sulata Keshavan Guha. (20r ) 666€01 1 CIRCI,ETO ONREADER SERVICECARD January 1988 37 ouse MickO'Neil TheHyperMemoirs of a LogoHacker

"the Bill Atkinsonsays that, Macintosh A t'ewweeks later and I havea confes- Dream is about getting the power of the sionto make.I took HyperCardand all of personalcomputer in the handsof indi- the greatstackware otf my harddisk. M1 viduals." Something about HyperCard SE's l9 megabyteshave been eaten up br - just 'm catchesin my subconscious applicationsand data that I reallyneed. In sittingat the enoughto leaveme uncomfortable... retrospect,and I know this is an awful BostonMacWorld thingto say,I like theFinder. I like to see Conventionlistening Backto the Present the tblders and the trash bucket. The to JohnSculley. It's now severalmonths later. I've desktopmetaphor seems comfortable... Apple talk CEO. about exploredHyperCard and I'm excited.I I've finally processedthe reasonfbr HyperCard.Somehow. even go so far as to purchaseDanny my discomfbrtin Boston.Logo. Remem- it familiar all seems Goodman'smuch heralded book ffte berSeymour Papert and Logo? Logo was put butI can't my fin- CompleteHyperCard Handbook.(You the programming languagethat would ger on it. Sculleysays HyperCard is the haveto admitold Dannykind of bringartificial intelligence and list proc- product mostexciting Apple sincethe in- corneredthe market, didn't he!?)Back essingto themasses. troductionof theMacintosh. Right, John. to HyperCard!I've createdmy own I musthave spent hours creating fancy theLaserWriter and Mac II notwithstand- stackware- I havebuttons and icons graphicswith procedurescalling proce- ing. thatzoom all overthe place and my durescalling procedures.I even learned Then "ButFirst" "Butlast." there'stalk about CD-ROMs. collectionof soundresources adds a to use and notnec- multi-dimensional processing,artifi- data kind of arcadetouch. Gawd, it's great. essarilyin that order.One of my finest cial intelligence,and the usual fare of Forgetthe "Finder"! HyperCardhas programsasked the user to type a sen- Apple doing a f'avorfor mankind by dis- takenover... tence and then returned the same sen- lributingthe power of computing. tence,only backwards! My studentswere

The inclusion of English-Iike com- mands is helpful for constructing simple "scripts,"but may serueto perpetuatethe illusion that euery- one can program.

38 MacintoshHorizons oars

'rpressedand even wrote their own code with buttonsthat branch off to your ta- which would be handy for bringing in neverquite reaching my levelof sophis- voriteprograms. clip art or calendar. codefrom otherfiles. Oh yeah- you can . iluon. copy and paste,but only from the key- Okay.I shouldn'tbe too flippantabout Everyonea Programmer? board. Can you imagine the uproar if ,,co.Logo wasand is a greateducational All of this is wonderful as far as it anyonebut Apple tried to pull this off!? nguageand has been used by teachersall goes,but the usershould recognize that The HyperTalkdocumentation is lim- . er thecountry to teachstructured think- the object-orientedprogramming envi- itedto saythe most, and, sorry Danny ,The L It's just thatthe computer press of the ronmentpresented by HyperCard(Hy- Complete HyperCard Handhook de- newrote a lot of hypeabout the capabili- perTalk)may proveevery bit ascomplex scribes many HyperTalk features but .'\ of the language.Well, haveyou ever to someusers as the list processingfea- doesn'tinclude enough tutorial material cn an applicationwritten in Logo'/Ever turesof Logo.The inclusionof English- for beginnersor enoughdetails for serious r()wnanyone who got muchbeyond tur- like commands is helpful fbr con- programmers.The decision to bundle "scripts" ,'graphics'? structingsimple but may serve HyperCardwith all new Macintoshesre- l-ike Logo. HyperCard entices the to perpetuatethe illusionthat everyone ceived a lot of unwarrantedcriticism in .rsses with its claimof immediateaccess canprogram. the computer press.Supposedly, it will sophisticatedf-eatures. Anyone can Thenthere is theprogramming envi- discouragedevelopment. Wrong again. It .ike the turtle draw a square,and it's ronmentitself. I'll neverunderstand why virtuallyassures HyperCard's success by rrly straightforwardto make her draw Applewould release a programminglan- creatingan enorrnousmarket for Hyper- r eralsquares - perhapsincreasing each guagewith a texteditor that doesn't fol- Cardapplications. Meanwhile Apple will 'ize. Similarly,most users are comfbrt- low the Macintoshinterface. While in continueto developHyperCard ... '.le with cardsand buttonsand f'amiliar Script mode,the pull down menusare rrh fhe Atkinson'spaint tools. So, it's deactivated,so you can'tuse desk acces- A Solutionin Search of a Problem "SmartScrap" "Find ritea simplematter to createfancy cards sorieslike or File" To summarize,HyperCard is already a f-ascinatingpiece of software.Its poten- tial seemsobvious to everyonewho uses it. With CD ROM andother mass storage devicesjust on the horizon, the program will grow in importance,but it will not make programmersout of non-program- mers. Until utilitarian third party stack- ware becomes available, for many of today'susers, HyperCard is a solutionin searchof a Droblem.

Mick O'Neill is a Ji'ee-lancewriter w'ho residesat Spittal's Farm House in the countrysidenear Oxford, England. He writes .for computer magazinesin Eu- rope. Australia, and the US. Until utilitarian third party

stackutarebecomes auailable, for Pleaserate this articleon the today's u.sersHyperCard is ReaderService Card by circling: many of 131 Excellent 132 Good a solution in searchof a problem. 133 Fair 134 Poor

January 1988 39 The Mocintosh in 1987 I MBSIMMs IUACrovision | -l ttl .J-lJl \-;_ - | 1987:High Points >R\ in theLong Run 4 Jeff Meyer

Yes.you've probably already guessed marksof 68020processor). Apple decidedto usea it: this is anotherofthose year-end retrcl- new,more advanced bus standard named spectivecolumns that every journalist Macll's Open Door: NuBus NuBus.Most computerswith expansion and magazinewriter lovesto roll out at Quick- whatfeatures of theMacin- slots allow copro(essor cards (cards this time of the season.It's probablynot tosh II do usersfind most appealing? which have a microprocessor.like the the first one you've read;I imaginethat Some(certainly video producers) wouid Motorola68000 or 68020)to be plugged other punditshave alreadyproclaimed point to color; powerusers indicate that intothe slot; this coprocessormay "The beused 1987 Year the MacintoshOpened the Motorola68020 and 6t3881 chios are in tandemwith thecomputer's proc- "Apple's main Up." or Year of Expansion." thc biggestselling poinrs. But tinink. essor.so thattime-consuming tasks (like andpointed to theMac II. theMac SEand overall.that most experienced Mac users re-drawingfhe screen on thevideo moni- "open HvperCardas the milestonesMac users appreciatethe architecture"of the tor.or perfbrmingcomplex mathematical

The successorto the Mac II is... the Mac II. The first microcomputer with plug-in upgradeability. While other computers u)ill beput out to pasture eueryother year, I{uBus should allow the Mac II to grow old gracefull,

will rememberin thecoming years. Not to Mac II - six expansionsslots which calculations)can be off-loaded.leaving take away fiom these great stridesin allowa wealthof newproducts to beused themain processor to pertbrmother tasks. Macintosh technology,but two years with theMac. When Apple provided slots NuBussupports a moresophisticated down the roadI doubtthat I'll be ableto fbr the Apple II. they had no idea that mannerof communicationthan most of recall u'hen I first saw the new Macs or customerswould be usingthem to inter- its predecessors.It not only allows the HyperCard;new computers will havedis- f acetheir microcomputers with manuf-ac- Macll's 68020processor to passwork off placedthe SE and the Il from the lime- turingassembly lines. oil wellsand ofTice t()coproce\\or cards. hut il canturn over light,and Bill Atkinsonwill surelyun- buildingelectrical systems; it allowedthe controlof theMac II to thecoprocessors! leash some new software marvel to Apple II to do tasksthat no onehad envi- In otherwords, the processorthe Mac II eclipseHyperCard fiom mediaattention. sionedit capableof whenit wasdesigned. comeswith (the68020) does not haveto However.in the hurly-burlyof this No doubt the Mac II's slotswill havea be thechip in charge. annualpostmortem. I've noticeda f'ew similar eff'ect.magnified by the Mac's What's so revolutionaryabout this'? thingswhich appeared on thehorizon last easy-to-useinterface. How about not having to upgradeyour year.but somehowmanaged to become ButApple decided to go rheexrra yard Mac II for a longtime? New microproces- lost in the shuffle.Their impacton the with the Mac II and its expansionsslots. sorscome out eachyear, running several Macintoshmay havebeen missed in the Ratherthanusingacommonbus standard timesfaster than than the previous model; daz.zleof Apple's new offerings.but in (a set of rules deflning how the cards theMotorola 68020 is the successor to the - the future the very nearfuture - they pluggedinto the expansion slots commu- Motorola68000 (used in all Macsexcept shouldgain distinctionas the true land- nicatewith oneanother. and the Mac II's theMac II). andMotorola is iustreleasins

40 Macintosh Horizons the68030. which runs even faster than the relativeease. someonewho wants to run MS Word. 68020.To takeadvantage of a newproces- Whichis all rathertimely. because the SuperPaintand PageMakerat the same sor, a computercompany usually has to Mac hasa gapinghole whereits educa- time.it requires2 MB or moreof RAM; build a new model which is designed tionalsoftware market should be. Apple andthe I megabyteSIMMs werejust the aroundthe processor. Trying to upgradean tendsto steercustomers planning to buy a ticket Apple neededto expandmemory oldmodel lo a newprocessor isnever easy computerfbr usewith theirkids towards fbr theircustomer base. or cheap.Complex adjustments need to be theApple llcs: developerswere encour- Unfbrtunately.the best-laidplans of madeto thecomputer to getit runningwith agedto aim entertainmentand children's mice and corporateexecutives don't al- its new, fasterprocessor. People resign softwaretowards the ll and IIcs, while ways pan out. By August. 1 megabYte themselvesto buying a new computer Mac applicationswere targeted fbr busi- SIMMs wereselling for about$t300 each everyfbur years,just sothat they can take ness.This is a shame,because anyone - a pricewhich hardly encouraged Mac advantageofthe technicaladvances made who's seena four-yearold useMacPaint ownersto go out and upgradetheir sys- sincethen. knows how much the Mac intertaceap- tems.There were several reasons for the Exceptthat the Mac II 1oue.snew proc- pealsto kids.But sofar. they've had to be SIMM priceinflation. First. the manufac- essors.Someone could put Motorola's satisfiedwith MacPaintand a handfulof turersof the I megabyteSIMMs had not new 6U030on a coprocessorcard, plug it otherprograms. Until HyperCard.Flash beenable to providetheir productin the into the Mac. and have the coprocessor cardsare a lead-pipecinch with Hyper- quantitiesthat they had forecast;manu- "storybooks" cardtell NuBusto putthe Mac Il's built-in Card,as are Macintosh (like facturingproblems and glitches in bring- 68020on hiatus- lr's thehead processor the much-circulatedlnlgo stack);and if ing the assemblylines up to snuff have onthe block now. And NuBus'sintelligent you purchasea sounddigitizer (it costs been blamed. Secondly,the Japanese interface makes the installation of the about$80-$90 mail order)and havethe TradeMinistry placed limits on thenum- coprocessorcard a breeze;you simply SoundConverter stack, you can install berof SIMMs thatcould be shippedout- plug thecard into the slot.Period. spokeninstructions and music in your side of Japan.Since the two primary Sonow thesuccessor to theMac II is... stackwith the greatestof ease.And it's manufacturersof I megabyteSIMMs the Mac II. The first microcomputerwith almostas fun to producethe KidStacks. if (Toshibaand Hitachi) could not make plug-inupgradeability. While othercom- you'll pardonthe buzzword.as it is for SIMMs in the quantitiesthey had pro- puters\^ ill beput oul to pasture every other kids to play with them. jected.supplies of theSIMMs in America year,NuBus shouldallow the Mac II to driedup. andtheir price skyrocketed. grow old gracefully. TheGreat SIMM Shortage Of 1987 In October.Apple dropped their price If I've pattedApple on the back fbr fbr I megabyteSIMMs to approximately HyperCard'sNatural Niche two of their technicalbreakthroughs of $300.which loweredprices for the 3rd- partySIMM vendors;but this is still not I've seenHyperCard advertised as a theprevious year. it's onlyfair thatI point costthat had beenpro- world-beaterand a market-smasher.As outone of theirfailures, too. Actually. it's the low memory jected, of theSIMMs arestill the comingApocalypse for someMacin- not so much an erroron theirpart as it is andsupplies in many parts of the country. toshproducts, and a saviorto others.Doug badluck and poor torecasting. Apple (and limited supposedto begin dropping Clapp.of MacUser.says it will knock at a goodly number of other computer Pricesare 1988.when more compa- leastzl0 Macintoshproducts out of the manufhcturers)assumed that a new. againin early producethe chips,and the running.Ian Michaelssays it's a bally- compactmemory chip. the I nte.qobtte niesbegin to becomesincreasingly more hooedsham. SIMM (Single-ln-LineMemory Mod- competition fbr userswho havebought new, HyperCardis supposedto be an appli- ules)would be availablein largequanti- stiff. But long-awaitedsofiware which depends on cation huilder. inlbrmationprocessor. tieslast summer. The I megabyteSIMM mem()r).a dilemmuar.r aits: run databasemanager and what-have-you is almostidentical in sizeto the 256K expanded no\ premiumprices. or rolledup into360K of tightly-compressedSIMM. fbur of which residein the Mac the \()l'twlre al RAM while abstaining code- thedoor that opens programmrng Plusand the Mac SE;buteach I megabyte wait for cheaper latestapplications. to millions.and allows business-people to SIMM containstbur times the memory of from someof the well- what'sa newyear without modeltheir software to theirown partlcu- a 2-56KSIMM. Thus,replacing the fbur Oh. I ! lar preferences. 256KSIMMs with 1megabyte SIMMs in diffrculties'lHappy 988! And while thehuzzahs and catcalls of a Plus or an SE gives the computer4 the Hyper-enthusiasts/detractorsfloat to megabytesof availablememory. theceilings. I keepnoticing Bill Atkinson, As I said.it was expectedthat these .1c.ffMeter i.sa so.ftu'areengineer.for the the creator and nurturer of HyperCard. chipswould be plentiful by Augustof last "lt's .lohn Fluke Co. of Seattle.w'ith a BS in tryingto yell over the din: a really year.Apple (andother computer manu- L'omputersciencc and a BA in math.He is greattool for education!" fhcturers)projected the availability of this ulsoa boartlmember of'the Mac tIBUG in Exactly.If HyperCardhas one task that cheapRAM in their product plans for Seattle.Hc is currentlt'researchingan it doessuperbly. one functionthat it per- 19t37.primarily with sofiwarewhich re- episoclect'"ln SearchO.f..." dealing u'ith forms to perfection.it is the organization quiredmore than a megabyteof memory therumored etistent'e of OSl2." and display of infbrmation.It's simple torun optimalll . Hl perClrdoperates just interactivenature is perf'ectfbr guiding shyof theone megabyte mark; and Multi- studentsof all agesthrough an academic Finder.Apple's initial attemptat Macin- subject,be it spellingor Sophocles.And its toshmulti-tasking, can barely run underI Pleaserate this articleon the easy-to-learnprogramming language. megabytewith severalof the lessmem- ReaderService Card by circling: HyperTalk,will allow non-programmers ory-consumptiveapplications for the 141 Excellent 142 Good to build stackwarefor their studentswith Mac. To make MultiFinder useful to 143 Fair 144 Poor

January 1988 41 His Masterts Voice

Whowas that newanchorperson, anyway?

FrankCatalano

he time:the very'near future. shoued up.and hooked up thecomputer through the modem to The place:a smallstation strapped tbr cash. theAssociated Press and United Press International wire circuits but with a salesdepartment that uas a rihiz at the managerhad had installed.He also had the somewhat arrangingtradeout. The stationmanager had puzzledtechnician run the UPI and AP RadioNetwork audio seenall thesurvevs: neu s. especiallv nevu sdone channelsdirectlv into a specialinput on thecomputer. locally.was a plus.People wanted to hearit. Finalll . thecustom touch. He insertedinto thedisk drivean Beinga smallstation. he didn't',.\'antto put mone\ into a three. applicationhe'd had programmedbv a local high-schoolstu- two.or evenone-per\on neu s depurtment. dent.a uhiz kid uho lovedthe challen-ee the generalmanager But he did havea lot of creditwith a computerstore. It didn'ttake much. really. A littlew'heeling-and-dealing on the priceof theCPU. the ,sutsof anv computersvstem. and he woundup with a brand-newMacintosh II. He chosethe Apple It{omore union problems. l/o becausehe hadheard of itsexcellent sound qualitr thestore "pnr- said it would handlefour voicesat the sametime in stereo. more tempermentalnews whateverthat meant. but all heremembered u asthe contmercial sonalities."f{o more sick leaueor introducinganother Apple computeron his station.in *hich it turnedout the human-sounding announcer doing the ad actuallv uacationpay, Why, this computer was a voice svnthesizedb;- the computer.That. as a matterof system- by just pushing the fact.is whathad given him his ideain the first place. He describedto thedealer in somedetail what he ri antedthe edgeof technologya little further systemto do.and in additionto thebasic 57200 sr stem. he u as than it already was with his cus- sentback to thestation with anextra eight megabvtes of random- tom softwar giue accessmemory ($2200), an advanced- andsomeu hat experi- would him, mental- NuBuscard and sofiware to makethe human-sound- uncomplaining, hourly, special- ing voicecome out of thecomputer (S1200). an 80 rnegabvteized, local newscasts. hard disk drive to storewhatever he createdwith the voice program($1800). a modemto hook up to phonelines or other had,siven him. And. of course.the promise of royaltiesshould outsideinput for thecomputer ($200) and a bunchof cables. the sotn'"'arework andthe stationmarket it nationally. He figuredeven at nearlvS 13.000. he'd be monev ahead real Now. to w'ork. soon. He tumedthe computeron. It loadedthe softwareinto the Backat thestation. in a cubbyholenext to saleshe'd dubbed harddisk for permanentstorage. and automatically began taking thenewsroom. he hookedup thecomputer. card. monitor. disk in thecontents of theAP andUPI RadioNets. tuming the sounds drive, and modem. A technicianwith the phone company' intodigital information and storing them on thehard disk. Also

42 Macintosh Horizons beingstored were the entlrL' .ontents of theAP andUPI broad- 9-TrackTape Subsystem castwires. with ke1 s.rrd' in the wire copy beinglinked in the computer'smemor\ to lhe network sound.Being a simple for the Macintosh'" program,the computercouldn't deal with soundswhich were Bidge t It e M ctcirtt o slt just the voicesofthe neri'nrakers.but it could usethe written Corntnuni c atiotts wire listingof storiesannounced b1- network reporters as a crude Ga7:tuitlt: but effectivelead-in to those\torles. . Maitrfrarnes Justbefore the top of the hour. part of the customsoftware o Mitttcorttl-tuters begansorting through the rlaterial which hadbeen stored for the c Microcotttputcrs past55 minutes.The high-school programmer had taken careful r NclurcrrL.s news peoplewanted; the note of the surver.'son the kind of ' Qualstarsprolen : incha tracl l\'llNlSTI{t:AN1l-li'utape subsvstem algorithmidentified stories by the locationmentioned in the bringsfrrll ANSI clatarnterch.rnge to the \lacintoshvia vtrurSCSI interface dateline,and determinedif they were relevantto the local port Nrrrv1,ou can crchangc drta tileswith virttralll anr'other c()mpuier usinginclustn standrrtl 1oO0 BI'l tbits pcr inchI tapc. area.Once that was done, the sofiware stackedthe listening o TracLtape, .r m.rintrrmc strn(lard. is the ntosln'littl,le I,at 1,t4, rttr'rlitutt selectedstories according to a specifichierarchy which assigned .ruilable.32@ BI'l isalso prrrvicled irith thissvstem for high c:apacrtr "points" weather.sports, sex, poli- bac[up oi vour rigicldisk. The ]\llNlSTItEANlEItt.rpc suhs]sttm includc5 to storysubjects like health, a taperlriut', soitware. cables and complett'dtrcumenlation. crime. tics and Our erclusiveQLJTAI'E sottn,are i: :uppliedon a standarcl-l' , inch The stationmanager grinned as he thought about this; the clisketteancl inciudes ASCII EB( l)lC dataconversion. d.rt.r transfer blocking deblockrng,screen rlump and disk backuputilities. softwarecould evenbe told, on shortnotice, to temporarilygive say,Gary Hart. if it wasa hot Q.ralstaris the market leaclt'rin ilesl top o tr.r(k tdPcstrbststems. !\:c c.rn higherpriorities to storiesabout, provicle'cl:rta rnterchange solutions lor mostptrpular microcomprtters topic,and stack the newscastaccordingly. incluclingthc Ill\1 I'C. l\1icrr,\'AX.SCSL .rnd \'\1E bussvstems. After the stackingwas done,the programchecked the final l)iscrrr.ertht'manv aclvantageso trJ(k tJPt hasrrver other link'. productagainst its drgitizedUPI and AP audio library, and \lirrt' \laintranre inserted radio network reporters' stories where appropriate. Call us todayl keepingthe time of theentire package under five minutes. Top of thehour. In theon-air studio, the disc jockey punched "news" the gleamingnew button,which startedthe computer .lo2I lrondalt Ave nue . sendingthe stacked newscast through the voice synthesizer card Chrtsrt,'rth, Cilit(,r nia a l-l I I (8 anddown a cableinto the studio. It waseerie, the station manager Telephone: I8) 882-5822 \l.rirrtr,'h .,r r,rLlr'nr.ilL,,t\fpt (,,mt,rlr: lri decided,but effective.He'd decidedto let the computervoice (,,rir "sample" \1rrr,.\ \\'.r lr,rLlrrrarl,,tl)r.r,rl IrtLrt,:rrlnl synthesizer his own voice,then reconstruct the tones CIRCLE7 ON READERSERVICE CARD into whatsounded like thestation manager reading the newscast. If he'd wantedto. he also could have had the newscastread perfectlybackwards, or evena la Max Headroom. At five afier the hour, the newscastover. the Mac II began evaluatingnew feedsfor thenext hourly newscast. 2sr-s222.ll:10 a.m. '1:00p.m. PSr The stationmanager sighed. and smiled.No more union MAIN OFFICE: Qo6) "personalities." problems.No more temperamentalnews No . Order Desk . Mernbershiplnfbmtation ' Accounting 'Dealer Servtces' . 'Publications' Customer Service: moresick leaveor vacationpay. Why, thiscomputer system - Marketrng Testrngand Evaluation (206)251-9798 by just pushingthe edgeof technologya little furtherthan it alreadywas with his custom sofiware- would give him, 24Hour Toll-Free Order Line: l-800-426-3667(u.s. uncomplaining.hourly. specialized.local newscasts.And he except Washrngtonstate). l-800-527-7562 (Within WashinglonState). l- didn'teven have to usea Mac ll. Justabout any computer system 800-237-46;14(Canada). ORDERS ONLY. lN FORMAI'ION NOT with the right featureswould dot it just so happenedan Apple AI'AILABLE. systemwas convenient at thelime. Retail Store: (206)25l-6787 . M-F l0:30a.m. - 6:00p.m. Sat. He wonderedwhat it waswhich made flesh-and-blood radio l0-5 (PST)Store-relatcd ciills only. please. journalistsso special,anyway. He figured his brother'sTV Programming/Technical Assistance: (206)2.51-0071 stationdidn't havethese problems. . But why limit it to just radio'?he realized. Call -A.P.P.L.E.HOTLINE 9:00 a.m. 3:00p.m. PST Weekdays. He madea mentalnote to askthe computer dealer if he knew A.P.P.L.E. Crate Bulletin Boar.d: (206)2.5r'0s.1r. of any good video synthesizersto hook into the Mac. GEnie.Americ.n Apple RoundTable Bulletin O 1987 by Frank Catalano On-line CatalOg categor)7. lnfomation call l-ti00-6389636. Frank Catalanois thehost of thecomputer neu'slintert'iew shov' Board, "Northv'est Computing" on KING-AM Seattle,and is publit' MeetingS: . 7:30p.m. . 290 S.w.,13rdSt.. Renton. wA 98055 relation.vmanager.f'or the A.P.P.L.E Co-op. (exceptas noted)..Co-op: 3rd Tuesdayof month ' Mac SI(i: 2nd Tuesdayof eachmonth . Educators SIG: 7:(X) p.m.. 'lth Tues. of month. Amiga SI(i: 2nd Wed.of month' MS DOS SIG: 4th Thursday Pleaserate this articleon the of month. ReaderService Card by circling: Membership Informatiorl! avaitabtconpostpaid tear-off 151 Excellent 152 Good card inside. 153 Fair 154 Poor

January 1988 43 Shareware'sLast Ctasp A Voice From the User Wilderness DougHouseman

aking one's readersto task r\ never easl. Iet thal'r what I'm aboutto do. You A year ago I asked 200 users at a user should know. first. that I really care about the group meeting how many of them used Macintosh and its future Sharewareis disappearin-c.and rt is MochWrite. Ouer 150 hands went up. Then thefault of individualusers like vou and I asked hout mony had paid me.A yearago I asked200 users at a user actually for it, group meetinghow many of them usecl arld under 20 hands went up. If only one MockWrite.Over l-50hands went uo. ThenI uskedhow manr had acruall_r paid out of 7 userspaid commercial software tbr it.and under 20 hands u'ent uo. If onlv for oneout ol 7 userspaitl tor commercial they really liked and used, there would be sotiwarethey realll likedand used. there would be no Macintoshsofiware. no Macintosh software. verv rnanvpeople are * illing to admit that The authors realized the market fbr thern lslt SecondClass lf lt's thescnecessarr utilities are good enough \\as too specializedto sellthemcommer- Shareware? to be paid for. We seem to f'eelthat utilities ciallr anclmake a profit. Both utilities clo Jrr' little huekr thrt tlon't tltkc unr u Not only do users not pav for the iu\l hui tlrer irre dc.rened to tlo wilhout u time to cloancl are just tbr iun. somerhin-s problern. yet "sec- sharewarethey use. they also do not re- thel,ire Sharewarc. that a pro-erammercloes fbr hisrher or'"n spect that sofiware. It is second class ond class softu,iire."according ro some. useand thendecides that it would be nicc work. not good enough fbr the commer- tomake a little moner u ithir. Not cial market. It is not real software.Garage hardtr. JUSIa TfainingGfOUnd? Thealgorithms that are used rn Stuffit software. A hack-no matter ho\.\,well it Corporatebuyers avoicl shareware. and Packit. for example. are not little works. No manual and no ads in thc afierall the selleris not real.since there is hacks.The user intcrtace,in magazinesis equated with no class. these.prod- nn.n,.punvbackingthesofiware.Butrhe ucts \\'ils not pulled together irr .lt) min- Sharewareis a mixed bag. but thou- surprise is rhat the rest of us also avoid utcs. ancithe coclehrs.hcetr tlebutgetl. sandsof people use it daily. Packit and it. fhe sellerof the softwarehas no busi_ New ','ersionsare posted as neu.f'eatures Stuffit would never make commercial n".. a"p"nras. the software rs cheap to products. but both are very well written i:: ffi::i:::"T:"":i:l,T:l :::,15:: prociucerhere is no companv. so rhe income.A numberol u:ers I knou'and DoesShareware Have a Future? respectfeel that il har thc sofiware ther c As thesemajor fbrces depart the share- in hand it works.uhr ll,'ith and nress the "We waremarket. who and what will replace system'/New authorsrl ill alrlar s replace haue not left the them?Hypercard is creatingnew authors whogo (i.e. oldauthors on to otherthings sharewaremarket be- of sharewarematerial. Will this replace commercialsales This parr ). o1'arguments RedRyderor MockWrite? How longwill resultsin mostusers never paving fbr causeu)e were disap- the theseauthors stay in the sharewaremar- software.Afier all. the authorwas .just pointed," saysDon Skeie ket, and when they leavewhat will the lookinglbr exposureand an understand- "but averagestack cost'l ing of the market. of CE Software, to You asan individual have a votein this But the lossesto the sharewaremar- matter.You cansave or destroya share- good prograrlme expand oLrrmarket, to ket. as rs leave f or warecompany. To destroyit. all youhave greenerpastures, greater hasnever been becomea first class soft- to do is use the s6fiv7i11s-36dthen do thanthe last six months:Scott Watson of nothingelse at all. Freesoft.Gil Beecherand Don Browno1' ware company in the CE Software.and David Dunham of minds of our Lrsers,to be MatriaDesigns are fbur of thepioneers of sharewarefbr the Macintosh.These fbur real." programmersarL' now writingcomnler- Doug Housemanis curotor rf'the Mac- cial software.The companiesthat they TechnicsLihrary, a businesscolumnist havefbrmed or areassociated with have Ior APDALog,andthe Chuiry;erson of the prol'it.Yct theuser groups who selldisks movedout of the sharewaremarket and National Apple User's Group Confer- seemto makea ticlysum an shareware. are selling improved versionsof their et1('c . sharewareproducts commercially. The softwarewas improved.not becauseit CE:Shareware Grown Up? wasnot goodenough befbre to sellcom- I personallywould be bitterabout the mercially.but to diflerentiatethat soli- loss ol- revenueslisted above.but that Pleaserate this article on the warefrom theold product. does not seem to the case.Take Don ReaderService Card by circling: President Producinga newMirri-Writer, Mock- Skeie. of CE Software.He has 161 Excellent 162 Good Package.or Red Ryder will take a sea- heardall of theexcuses that I havelisted 163 Fair 164 Poor sonedprogrammer. l. for one.mourn the above.watched user groups make healthy lossof veteransfiom themarket. The old profitsfrom his hard work. and still he versionsof many programswill remain caresabout the market. We havenot lefi shareware.but the new versionswill be the sharewaremarket because we were commercial. clisappointed.he says.buf to expandour market.to gainthe respect of theusers of UserGroupsrThe Achilles Heel of our sofiu'arc.to becomea firstclass sofi- warecompanv in the mindsof our users Shareware and not a seconclclass company. to be As a fbrmerlihrarian of a usergroup. real. I know what it coststo run a usergroup Gil Beecherand Don Brown both still librarl. I llso knowr.l hat it co\t\ to runu work on utilitiesthat may neversee the u\er troup overull.I am uguinslu.er light ol'day,as commercial products. and groupscharging anything fbr thework of thosewill still find their wa1'onto the others. BCS has sold more copies of bulletinboarcls of theworld. CE software Packitthan the author.I know thatmost hasgrown from 2 peoplea yearagit to l5 groupsf-eel that they are cloingit as a peoplenow. It will soonbe sixteen and the serviceto themembership. but a userwho growth will continue.The advertising haspaid fbr sharewaretiom a usergroup campaignhas worked very well. andCE or a commerciallibrary service does not hasmoved into a positionof respectabil- f'eelthat they have to payagain. BCS has ity.No longeris DonBrown's work only "other at leasttaken some of theprofit from the revieweclbv the HACKS,"as one sale o1' sharewareand turned it into magazineonce put it. awardsfbr the authorsof shareware.Do Lisa Senkovichof Freesolthas very not get me wrong.I am not condemning littleto sayabout the move of RedRyder BCS.I am.however, pointing out one of into the commercialmarket. This I can thelarger. well financeduser groups that understand.Red Ryder was the most paid profits from shareware.I can name a for programin the historyof shareware. numberof othergroups that have the same and the authortook it commercial.The policy.except they never retum the prof- howling of "betrayecl"users has not its to the authorsin any fbrm. The share- stopped.I fbr one applaudthe move by warelicence normally allows for thesale Freesoftto go cornmercial,and wish them ofsharewareto recoupthe cost ofduplica- thebest of luck. tion and distribution.but this meansno

January 1988 45 SiliconAerobics ona DesktopCourt acRacquetbalt DavidMorton

I don't really rememberhow it hap- versionvu'ill soon be availablefor plat, lopsidedand uninteresting games. pened,but it did. I becameaddicted to the over .in AppleTalknetwork. racquetballsimulation game. MacRac- The program makesexcellent and MasteringMovement quetball from PCAI (the makers of inno','ativeuse of di_eitizedsound and The manualincludes an excellentin- MacGolf). My relationshipwith Mac- graphics.although the on-screen anlma- troductionto the rulesand strategiesof Racquetballwas not love at first sight.In tion is at timesa bit choppl'(a minor racquetball.But actually playing the fact. my first impressionwas that the concerngiven the complexitl'and speed samecan be frustrating at first. Evenafier game was too ditficult and that it had of thegame ). iroustudy the manual and try to learnthe somevery annoyingquirks. The truthis MacRacquetballrequires a Mac Plus subtletiesof playermovement and shot that it is a difficult gameto master.but or an SE clueto the memorvneeded for selection.y'ou will becomedisappointed onceyou getthrough that initial learning soundand graphics. It n ill not.houever. w'ithvour performance and the seemingly w'orkon a Mac II (somethingto do u'ith illogical relationshipbetween your theu av theproeram handles -sraphics ).It rnousemovements and their results on the is copl protectedand the 800K master screen. diskmust be used as the start-up (read: no. It takestime to learnplaver movement vou can't boot it from vour harddisk. ) undpo:itioning. M) suggestionis nol to trv to masterthem all at once.Sit down. GettingStarted readthe manual. and practice tbr a while. Fillil{. Oncevou'r'e restarted vour Mac 'uvith Then get up and walk away fiom fiom -- .:,,'R thenraster disk. the configuration screen vourMac. When vou come back you'llbe |4 *'ith a seriesof scrollbars u ill appear.Br refreshedand readl'to give it anothertry. A beginnershould start with all game adlustingthese settings ) ou can alter I our settingsat 100%. phvsicalabilities and/or those of vour Playingthe Game computerizedopponent. Thev determine Once masterthe on-screenrela- period.it is a truly challengingand excit- thespeed of plal . strength.stamina. 1'ou 1,our tionships.the game'sexcitement really lng game. agilitl . andso tbrth. takesoff. PlavingMacRacquetball with Firstthings first. Properll settingthe valueson the one of friendsover the modem(or MacRacquetballis a realistic 3-D configurationscreen is critical in learnin-s 1,our AppleTalk) is a joy. Befbre the game racquetballsimulation that can be play'ed to masterMacRacquetball. First tirle beginsyou can sendmessages back and by two players(highl1, recommended) plal-ersshould move all but theirgame fbrth (via the configurationscreen). I over a modem.or b"t-one playeragainst speeclsettings to aroundthe 100%mark. recommendolav with atleast a 1200baud thecomputer. PCAI alsoindicated that a If voufail to do thisthe result u ill beven

- A difficult game *";'. to master, but as addictive as the real thing.

46 Macintosh Horizons modem.Anything slo*er thanthat will hamperyour enjornrent, FinalCheers and Gripes SHADOWGATE: MacRacquetballis a uell crafiedand enjoyablegame. But it doeshave several faults.first andfbremost the difficult-tct- leam user interface. I imagine many playerswill becomefrustrated with the interfacebefore thel' masterit. and will neversee how muchfun thegame can be. My othercomplaint is similarto oneI had with MacGolf. In MacGolf you had to wait severalseconds 1an etemity) tbr the screento re-draw the trees atter every shot.In MacRacquetballyou also have to wait. in this casefor the ball to finish bouncingafter eachpoint. Thesecomplaints take the shineoff what couldbe (andultimately is) a very excitingand enjoyable racquetball simu- lation.I do recommendMacRacquetball, butyou shouldn'tbuy it if you don'tplan to takethe time to learnhow the gameis olaved. Mick O'Neil

The last thing you rememberis residessomewhere between enter- Produc't: standingbefbre the Wizard Lakmir tainmentand educational software. MacFlacquetball ashe gesturedwildly andchanted in Though Deja Vu and Uninvited Gornpany: an archaic tongue.Now you find arevery challengingand enjoyable, PCAI yourself staring at an entry way with Shadowgate.ICOM Simula- 1305Jefterson Highway whichlies at the edge of a tbrest.The tionsappear to havecorrected minor Champlin,MN 55316 Druid'swords still ring in your ears: f'lawsin both.Deja Vu wascriticized _ {612)_427-4789 "Within thewalls of theCastle Shad- by some users for a somewhat Price: $59.95 owgatelies your quest. If theprophe- vaguelydefined winning line, while hold true.the dreadedWarlock Uninvitedseemed at timesto clutter CIRCLEI?O ON READEI?SERVICE CARD cies Lordu ill usehis dark magic to raise theadventure environment with use- the Behemoth.the deadliestof the less obiectsthat simply servedas Dat'id Morton is an atid racquetball Titans.from thedepths of theearth. distractions.Afier a f-ewhours with plaver as well as being the Natittnal Ad- You arethe seed ofprophecy. the last Shadowgate.it appears that the hasadjusted the degreeof t'ertising Manager.for Macintosh Hori- oftheline ofkings. and only you can company zons.Bet'ore joining MH he v,aspresident stopthe Warlock Lord from darken- complexityjust aboutright. Though I certainlyhaven't solved the game ofan ctdvertisingogenct basedin Dallas. ing our world Joreter'. Fare thee well." yet,my fiustrationis temperedby a The good news is that ICOM delightfulseries of successes.I sus- Simulations (Mindscape) has pectthat the Warlock Lord may have releasedShadou',qate, a new adven- methis rnatch!!! turein theDeja Vu. Uninvitedseries. Thebad news fbr Macowners is that. gameyou probably Product: Pleaserate this articleon the if you buy this won'f seriouswork on your Mac Shadowgate ReaderService Card by circling: do lbr sometime - the gameis abso- Company: 171 Excellenl 172 Good lutelyaddictive. Mindscapelnc. 173 Fair 174 Poor FeaturingICOM's awardwinning t{{{ flun{ss fteaS icon-basedadventure interface, in- Northbrook.lL 50062 credible graphicsand sound. and (312)480-7667 clever animation. Shadowgateis Prica:$49.95 much more than just a game. It's moreaptly described as an entertain- CII*CLEI80 ON READERSERVICE CARD ing exercisein deductivelogic, and

January 1988 47 Thefo||owingitemsareSe|ectedbyoureditoria|staf{fromthe|argenUmberofproductannoUncementsand solelyto keep you inlormed about the current market for Apple related hardware and software. As we have not tested manv of these prooucrs, aooearance heredoes not necessarily represent endorsement orrecommendation byA.P.P.L.E, Fu(her information about items appearing inthe Macinplace can be obtainedthrough the Reader Service Card. lf youcontact any manufacturers directly, please mention that you learned about them in MacA.p.p.L.E.

PixelPaint usersto accessany of the consistsof sn'rallsegments of capabilities. 16.t3million colors through sirnple FreeHandcontains a SuperMacSoftware animation.such as a user-definablepalettes of dollar uniquefreehand sketch tool introducesPixelPaint. si-rnspinning. a spar- 2-56colors. PixelPaint klingprofits thatallows users to draw SuperMacSoftware's new sign.com- requiresa onemegabyte monly-used spontaneouslyand edit their highend, color, paint businessw'ords. MacintoshII with erthertu'cr etc..which arereadv work. FreeHandalso program.PixelPaint is the to use 800Kf1opp1'drives or a includesPostScript line and flrst color paintprogram or canbe easily'modified. floppy driveand a harddisk. curvetools, as well astools optimizedfbr The Clip Chartsdisk offersa the creationof andmonochrome or color tbr creatin-sbasic shapes. presentations specialtrpe ol Clip.\rriml- desktop on the monitor.More memorvand :uch uslines. rectangles. MacintoshII with tionwhich allows the user to computer largerstorage capacities are rounded-comerrectangles. large customdesi-ln an animated a screencolor monitor. highlvrecommended. andellipses. FreeHand PixelPaintincludes all the graphor barchart u ith real PixelPaintworks best in a supportsboth spotcolor and f'amiliartools found in numbers.One example of a two megabvteRAM. one processcolor. Users can uniquebar chart t'ealures bars MacPaint,but addsa wealth f1opp1'.one hard disk di:plar madeof ships.planes. up to 156colors. ol'increased funt'tionalitr in configuration.Price: deflnescreen percentage addition automobilesancl buses rl'hich to color support.As s.19.s.00. valuesfor printingcolor a desktoppresentation tool it ret-lectsrouth in the trans- Su1tarMLttSolnt urt'. PO tints.and prepare both spot cancreate color slides portationinclustrr. and Btn -1907)5.Mouttruin Vit'rt . coloroverlays and process transparencies TheClip Soundsdisks andsti ll CA 910-19,rl l 5 t 961-8881. color separations. artwork for prof'essional comeu ith sarnpledsound C]RCtE]5 CN ?EAD'ASE?', " 'A?! With FreeHand'sunique animationtools such as files.One Clip Soundsfile is text-handlingcapabilities. VideoWorksll fiom Mac- madeup of soundeff-ects and userscan bend or shapea roMind.PirelPaint works Accessoriesfor theother comes u ith several line of text alongan irregular with at 300 dpi musicalselections. In QMS VideoWorksll path:adjust letter. word. and resolutionand Tektroni" addition.music files from the MacroMindS.Inc. an- linespacing. and mix thennalprinters tbr color soundeffects disk can be nounce\l sericrol'electronie t1'pefaces.sizes. styles. and outputto papertransparen- addedto HvperCardstack- Clip Animationand Sounds colorswithin a textblock. cies. *are fiom Apple Computers accessorvdisks called the For specialef'fects. FreeHand PixelPaintcan create andthird partl HvperCard VideoWorksIl Accesson' permitsgraduated and radial originulfree-hand art or clevelopers. Seriesr\t.lbr usein Desktop fillsand includes the ability colorizeexisting black and Presentations. Eaeh di.k in theVid- to scale.rotate. reflect, and white artworkfrom Micro- eoWorksII AccessorvSerics MacroMindr Clip.\ni- slanttext and graphics. sofi Excelor Forethought's retarlsfor S-59.9-5.u ith the mationr\l. Clip Chartsr\1. FreeHandallows users to PowerPoint. exceptionof theMoVies disk ClipSoundsr\'. und \4or ier bring in imagesthrough the It canalso integrate *hich retailstbr S.19.9-5.The disksall uork utth Vid Clipboardas background smoothlywith popular seriesof disksis distributed eoWorksII to enhance elementsfbr tracing.Users desktoppublishing sofiu'are bv BroderbundSoftu are. businesspresentations canalso import Encapsulated suchas Aldus PageMakeror and .l4u

48 Macintosh Horizons magnificatron.\l..:' ..r::. - nronitorsand printers. and ' f-eaturesittr parl,,.t-, f rtrdu..ptge overlayslbr multipletrdlr\l()nr,ri,,'r.. thr commercialprinting. With Rent abilitvto crclt..irlriJ!rll PlgeMaker'sneu gruphics a debugger PostScriptcode lr, ! u\t{)nl,/c capabilities.users can wrap lineancl frll pattcnr'..rnrl lhf text aroundgraphics, control abilityto \a\ e clrtlr..lc.r,gr.t. the whitespace ("stand-off') or individualde.rgrt .rtlrib- betweenthe text andgraphic Specialists in quatity debugging. utesas templlrte\ lor rcPe.rtedandadjust the contrast, No chargg for time spent learning use. brightness.and density of AldusFreellunrl in. Iurle: scannedimages and bit-map your applicauon zu]'denvironment. a comprehensire u'cr iI I ustrations. manual.an interacti\c Userinterface enhance- trainingdisk. a :tep hr :tep mentsinclude 20 prede- $rS per hour tutorial.a quickreterencc signedpage fbrmats (tem- Introductory offer cardof keyboarclshorculs. plates).on-screen palettes fbr ref-erencecards of aclranced easycolor selectionand style designtips. a colorchart tc) sheetfbrmatti ng. optional We can help you get your helpin mixingcolors.and greekingin all pageviews to Macintosh application to market libraricsof premixeclcolors speedscreen re-draws. and on tlme and bug free . andbasic shapes. Price: many new keyboardshort- $49-5.00. cuts. Altlus Crtrltorutiott.1l l In addition.PageMaker FirstAyettuc Soutlr, Suitc 3.0 for PC is packagedwith N=--- macnaia 200,Searrle, WA 98101. fbntware.Bitstream's custom a Macintosh debugging service (206)628-2-152. fbnt generatorfbr PC[,- C]RCLEI7 ON READERSERVCE CARD compatibleprinters. such as 13236 North Seventh Street, Suite 4-255 the Hewlett-PackardLaserJet Phoenjx, Arizona 85022 (6O2) 961-3966 PageMaker3.0 series.The font packagealso containsBitstream outlincs The newestversion of tbr Times.Roman. Helvet- PageMakerfbr the Macin- ica,and Courier equivalent toshand PC. 3.0. builds on typefacesin a wide rangeof the strengthsof Aldus' styles.and point sizes.and a In additionto the A.P.P.L.E.consultants listed in Cal/ -A.P.P.L.E..we have originalinteractive desktop softfont installerfor PCL an independentlist of consultantsfor Macintosh-specificquestions. Mat'in- publishingplattbrm to fbnts.Price: $595.00. tosh Horizons consultantsare unpaid volunteersand perform a valuable placing you you addressthe communicatron AldusCorporation,l l I service.Before a call, make sure know the time zone are needsof bothbusiness and calling.No callsafter 9:00 p.m. please.Sometimes a consultantwill haveyou FirstAvenue South. Suite leaveyour nameand numberand laterretum your call. In all faimess,please creativeprof-essionals. It 200,Seatrle. WA 98101, expectthe retum call to be collect.Our list is shortto begin with. Would you includesadditional support (206)628-2.152. like to add your name with your areaof interestand expertise?We'd love to you. lo with your qualifications tbr long documents,ex- CIRCLEI8 ON READERSERVICE CARD have Pleasedrop us anote c Charlie Stillmun pandedgraphics cupabil ities and availability.The codesto the right of phonenumbers refer to time zones. includingcolor. user inter- MacSpeechLab ll P-Pacific M-Mountain C--{€ntral E-Eastern faceenhancements. and a Example: l:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 varietyof built-intemplates. GW Instruments General Questions: New 3.0text handling announcesthe MacSpeech east. Dennis Baumgarte (9t4)8s6-212t(E) featuresinclude automatic Lab II, a high-perfbrmance east. WilliamSteinberg (212)921-0663(E) textf-low through an entrre speech.music and wavefbrm east. Robert Forras (516)328-3433(E) document,user-defined style analysisworkstation based midwest. Tim Smith (309)734-7451(C) "Pluce.""Re- south. Floyd Rathbun (6ls)86s-30rl (E) sheets.und on lhe.12-bit Apple Macin- "lnsert." west . Dan Stinson (206)242-2s90(P) place."and com- toshII computer.MacSpeech europe. DenSchwendener (+41l)252-8933 mandslor quiekly importing LabII providesdata acquisi- BusinessSoftware: Spreadsheets.Databases. etc. text anclgraphics. Page- tionand analysis capabilities . Bob Huelsdonk (206)542-7122(P) . (l (E) Makeralso irnports text- fbrmerlyonly availableon Richard Loggins n)746-1919 "tags" Assembly Language, PDS Software: fbrmatting form other nrini andmainfiame conr- . Leon Roman (206)63l -280s (P) word processing.database. putersystems costing much Statistics/Psychology : and spreadsheetprograms. as more.Its $16.350price tag . Rich Hofmann (st3)s29-4420(E) well as preformattedstyle includesthe MacintoshII Expert Systems,Prolog, LISP: . (3t2)42t-2236(C) Word. Thomas Weisert sheetsfiom Microsoft computerand LaserWriter Desktop Engineering: PageMaker'ssupport tbr Hi-Res(300 dots-per-inch) . Bob Huelsdonk (206)542-7 122 (P) colormeans that users can pnnt.er. Desktop Publishing. Graphics: designatespot color for text Typicalapplications for . Sherry Branks (609)646-8lsl(E) . (206) andgraphics. display and MacSpeechLab II include John Laney 625-l160(P) Hardware, Technical: print pageson selectcolor thedevelopment and testing . Doug Fraser (206) 282-2202(P)

January 1988 of audioequipment. vorce smallbusiness proprietors andsound analysis by crime andhome users who wantto laboratories.speech disorder createshort but sharp- analysis.speech therapy, lookingdocuments, and for speechrecognition and prof-essionalslooking fbr a speechsynthesis technology word processorto comple- development,audiological mentlheir primarl upplice- testingand studies.and tion. suchas MicrosofiExcel variousacoustic sludies lirr theMacinrosh. The price includingacoustic character- of MS Writeis $175.00.The isticsof buildings.Complex upgradefrom Microsoti waveformsare digitized at Write to MicrosoftWord is samplerates of -5to 80 KHz. availablefiom Microsoftfbr Wavefbrmsof up to l/2 S220.the difterencebetween minutesare digitized and the suggestedretail prices of TheWorld's Largest Computer Co-op storedin Macintoshmemory: MicrosoftWrite and Micro- thenthey can be viewed, soti Word. Getmore from your personal played.analyzed. edited and To promotethe introduc- printed.Sound segments can tionol' Microroft Write. computerinvestment! be rearranged,removing Microsoftis addinga special Benefitsof Co-opmembership: segmentsor inserting starterkit to the introductor\, Becomean Owner: segments.Time and f're- productissue. It u,illinclude Co-op'sare owned by their members, who re- quencycharacteristics are a disk holder.a Microsoft easilyviewed in a varietyof mousepad. and a ilriting ceiveannual dividends that corresoond totheir formatsto give inl'ormation stylemanual. annualpurchases, times the percent of the Co- which relatesto theorigins M it rosolt (-t t r yt ttrut it trt. op'sannual profit. of the sound.and the manner l60ll NE -l6rhVut. 12issues of : in which it wasconstructed. Rednutnd.W',1 9807-l -97 I 7. -A.P.P.L.E. Thesefonnats include the r206 t 882-8080 Call magazine Time Waveform.the FFT C RCLE20 ON R:ADE?SEA\,' CE 'ARD (Applell/GS) SpectralSlice. the Envelope. and/or theLPC SpectralSlice. the lmageStudio MacintoshHorizons magazine FundamentalFrequency Plot. (Macintosh) andthe grayscale Spectro- lmageStudio.r graphie Hotline/Technical gram.Using Macintosh word designsoftware product. has Support: hetrrrn shinnino Youcan get informationand helpwith processingand graphic almost capabilities.full reportsare A Macrntosh-basedirnage anyApple-related problem from our staff ex- easilydeveloped and laser processingsvstem. Image perts.Our staffis backedup by a groupof con- printed. Studiois thefirst sofnrarc sultantswhich are specialists in a varietyof OV ln.ttttrmcttt.r. lttt ., productto ertensivelr 2ro2Q manipulatethe srar -level 261 14.t,arO' Britn Hu .t. Telecommunications informationof images Cttntbritlge,MA 02111 . The wave of the futurethat you can be a partof. (617) generatedbl Hr-Resscan- 625-1096. Withyour Apple and a modemyou can send CRCLEI9 ON READERSERVCE CARD ners.With its supportlbr 6-1 gra"v--levels. Intage Studio and receiveinformation, messages and pro- reachesbevond the Iimita- gramsfrom the A.P.P.L.E.Crate Bulletin Board MicrosoftWrite tion:oi conventtonulpuint Service. MicrosofiCorporation programs:users can crop. Co-opBuying introducesM icrosol'tWrite silhouette.rotate and more Youwill receive discounts (from 20 to B0oer- for Apple Macintosh imageelements as uell as cent)on software,hardware, accessories and systems.Microsoft Write i: changetheir brightness and publications.Many items that members have for the casual*,ord proces- contrast.In eft'ect.ImageStu- sor.With the introductionof dion turnsthe Macintoshintcr foundto be invaluable,are sold exclusively MicrosoftWrite to comple- a Versatileretouchin,s studio. throughthe Co-op. mentthe full-featured In additionto its eralmap PublicDomain Software Microsofi Word program. editorand assortment of Increaseyour software library for just penniesa Microsofi Corporationnow filters.ImageStudio conies program.Thousands of programsavailable for providesa rangeof word u ithr complementof dc:ign Applell and Macintoshcomputers. processingsolutions tbr the tools.including a paintbrush. Macintoshuser. The program waterdrop. charcoal and And muchmore. is designedfbr business fingertip.that work the wav executiveswhose major traditionalartists' tools work. word processingneeds are Thesetools allou fbr a met hy supporlstal'{'. fbr variety'ofetfects.such as arr

50 Macintosh Horizons bru.: r:rL.tnd ablefrom RelaxTechnology pnnters. approachallows each student paln: . dealersfbr suggestedretail Pegasys Expert addstrue the ability to focusin on one Rli: .- :l.rgc priceof $ 1,79-5.00. 3D, Macros,more menus, levelat a time.Price: $49.95. tilct .' :.. hrchh TheRelax SE 9l canalso optionalcommand input, and TeligraphicsCreatiye C()llli'':... --.:. ,'rtl lrles. be installedin an Apple bill of Materialto PegasysL Stftu'tt re. 936 Sir F ranci s OCeUl'. - .: .ill.ill MacintoshII. Its larger PegasysII is an expert Drake Blt'd., #R, Kentfield, tftrttt,, \.. \|!t!c brethren.the RelaxII 150 packageenhanced to take - cA 91901,(1r5) 454-75r9. takcn ..:' -.:' li jnltilts. and300 megabytehard disk advantageof the Macintosh CIRCLE24 ON READERSERVICE CARD Lelr.r'.':. - - ..r-.rrrnclhird-drives.eome complete in an II's 68020processor. 68881 plrtr tir'.- :', ' :,\ lllCorpo- externalsub-system. The coprocessorand color ' rttgR()l .r.,rlt- RelaxII l-50retails fbr capabilities.Pegasys II BigPicture lQ ware. $3.495.00.and the RelaxII retailsfbr $ 1,79-5.00. E-Machinesannounces its Lttt,i ,. ri irttt.\(tl- 300 retailsfbr $4.995.00. IGC, 305Lennon Lane, newest17" two-page monitor hout'r'l), ;',,.1,,11rt..\l/ Re la.r T' e c hn o I og v-,I nc., WalnutCreek, CA 94598. fbr the MacintoshII - The .-r...1 07rt.<.;_' ," -lI0I WhipplcRoud,#22, (1t5)91s-7300. Big PictureIQ. The Big cRC-a2r ,a aARD Uniott ()irt', CA 91587.(U00 ) CIRCLE23 ON READERSERVICE CARD PictureIQ displaysscanned 848-1 -t 1 -t, ( 4 L1 1 17 1 -6 1 1 2. rmages.text andcomplex InternalHard Disk Drives CIRCLE22 ON READERSERViCE CARD HyperTutorStack graphicsin photographic qualityand simulatestrue Rcllr', I i'. hrrolo-qrhas graphics Teli announces -100dpi ourputby assigning begun.htpprrlr hpth the PegasysI CADD HyperTutor,the first oneof 256 levelsof gray per singlc ttr.tr'.1 .irtdthc single Software commercialstacks available, pixel. largestrnlr'rn.rl Ii.rrd Disk PegasysI is aimedat the for HyperCard,designed to The Big PictureIQ Drives eurrenllr ur.rrlabletbr teachbeginning designerwho wantsall of the to intermedi- controllerfeatures a 32 bit the Applu \lrr.rnl, 'rlr SE. programmers f-eaturesnecessary for ate how [o use datapath and one megabyte The Rcl.ir SE 9I \'leca- producingeven the most HyperTalk.HyperTutor of dedicatedvideo memory. byte Drir c hrr..r 16.-i complexdrawings in an easy contains41 lessonsthat teach The displayhas a screen millisecondit\ .r.t!e access to usepackage. Entirely thecommands and other resolutionof 1024X 808 time - ttr o trt ttrrCr.titt-tcs objectoriented. Pegasys I topicsof HyperTalkin a pixelsand a horizontaland faster thln othcr haruiclisk containsa full rangeof step-by-stepfashion using verticaldensity of 82 dpr. drive. the Relrr SE t)l Hard graphicprimitives. English ftames.The studentcan The Big Picture,E- Disk Drir r' e()lnblne\ both interact or metricunits. nested with the stackby Machines'large screen the harcldisk drir e and the doing grouping.symbol counting. exercisesand expen- monochromemonitor is SCSI controllere arcl in one globalediting. automatic mentswith theexamples compatiblewith the Macin- unit and can * ithstandin use right dimensioning.distance and on thecards, as well as tosh5l2KE. Plus,SE andII a l0 C'r rnrnir.l\\ rlh()ul areacalculations. and more. control the paceand depthof computers.It sellsfor damagc. eachlesson. 's The packageintegrates the S1,995.00and includes the The Relar SE 9l Beginningprogrammers useof icons.pull-down monitorand display control- extremel\ last spcccland menusand the keyboardto can go througheach lesson ler. relativel\ larse size is and learn give the user l5 snapr4ocate/ thebasics of tne The Big PictureIQ sells Supporteclbr aclranccd HyperTalk constructfunctions and | 5 language.while fbr $2, 89-5.00and includes tlrmware sell-diagnostics intermediateprogrammers vieu eontroloptions. ul. themonitor, video controller which automaticallridentify. accessiblewhile in any can look into the Scripting andcable. isolate.and realkrcatebad command.Pegasys I hasa Guide,opened by clickinga E-machines,7915SW sectors,the singlemost button fbund suggestedretail price of on eachcard. to M ohau'kSteet. Tualatin. OR common hard disk problem. find moreexamples. $69-5.00.runs on the Plus, tips. 9706.(503 ) 692-6656. The Relax SE 9l includesa SE.and II, anddrives pen recommendations,and CIRCLE25 ON READERSERV CE CARD floppy disk backup program. plolters.laser and dot-matrix solutions.This two-level Relax & Saveand is avail-

p{+:ii q iT IT ll '-

January 1988 51 I unconditionallyguarantee lstDESK offersthe easiest to use,most productive, common-sensebusiness managementsystem yet ... "designedforthe rest of us" !

Bill Hulbig,Presidenr theMicroGroup and lstDESK Systems (Seethe MicroGroupholding up the Mac) One examplewill prove it!

Using a low cost tfscannertt or a FAX*,ttreadtt the Macintosh a paper form, three ttclickst' ... 90 secondslater ... type! Yes,lstSCANcan create aform and the databasein 90 seconds! Needanother? LstPORTthat informationto/from almostany computeror program! A great"user-friendly", off-line entry systemfor a mainframe! Order today: Call 1-800-522-2286to "try" our productswith the LstDESK anconditional 3 0 -day guarante e.

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IsIDESK Systems,Inc. 7 Industrial Park Road Medway, MA 02053 l-800-522-2286/ (617)-s33-2203(MA) / Applelink D0649/ FAx (617).533-s691 CIRCLE2 ON READER SERVICE CARD