February 3, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2433 been an involuntary part of Soviet Rus and in the Eastern European countries, Soviet Union since the Ukraine was in sia for almost 50 years, yet their valiant which make up the Communist bloc. The vaded in 1919. fight for independence and freedom in jailing of intellectuals who dare to devi Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to join my 1918, continuing in exile even today, can ate from the Soviet line, the suppression colleagues today in commemorating this certainly be an example to us all in these of all the basic freedoms which Ameri 51st anniversary, and I want to extend troubled times. cans hold dear, and finally, the ruthless my special regards to the Ukrainian In commemorating this independence invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, are Americans for keeping up a fight involv day, we are forced to remember the con all part of Soviet policy, both past and ing incredible odds, for a country an tinuing acts of Soviet oppression still present, and an indication that attitudes ocean away, which some of them have existing in the so-called Soviet republics and methods have not changed in the never seen.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, February 3, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF H.REs.177 The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE Resolved, That Jorge Luis C6rdova-Diaz, D.D., offered the following prayer: NONESSENTIAL FEDERAL EX the Resident Commissioner to the United PENDITURES States from Puerto Rico, be, and he ls here Our sufficiency is from God.-2 Corin by, elected an additional member of the thians 3: 5. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro following standing committees of the House Eternal Father of our spirits, whose visions of section 601, title 6, Public Law of Representatives: Committee on Agricul grace makes us sufficient for every task 250, 77th Congress, the Chair appoints as ture, Committee on Armed Services, and and whose strength holds us steady as we members of the Committee To Investi Committee on Interior and Insular Afl'airs. live through troubled times, speak Thou gate Nonessential Federal Expenditures AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. ALBERT Thy word to us this day and make known the following members of the Committee The Clerk read as follows: Thy will that we may now and always on Ways and Means: Mr. MILLS, Mr. Amendment offered by Mr. ALBERT: Strike walk along the paths of righteousness BOGGS, Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin; and the out all of line 1, after the word "Resolved," and justice and love. following members of the Committee on and insert: "That Jorge L. C6rdova, the Unite us as a nation that we may con Appropriations: Mr. MAHON, Mr. KIRWAN, Resident". tinue to seek the release of the captives, and Mr. Bow. The amendment was agreed to. give light to those who sit in darkness, The resolution as amended was agreed bridge the gulf which separates our APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF to. people, and support every endeavor NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICA- A motion to reconsider was laid on the which creates and maintains under TIONS COMMISSION table. standing and good will in our national life. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provi In the spirit of Christ we offer this our sions of title 44, United States Code, sec VACATING PROCEEDINGS ON AND morning prayer. Amen. tion 2501, the Chair appoints as a mem RECONSIDERATION OF HOUSE ber of the National Historical Publica RESOLUTION 176 tions Commission, the gentleman from THE JOURNAL California (Mr. MILLER). Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to vacate the pro The Journal of the proceedings of ceedings whereby the House agreed to Thursday, January 30, 1969, was read VACATING PROCEEDINGS ON AND House Resolution 176 on January 29, and and approved. RECONSIDERATION OF HOUSE ask for its immediate consideration with RESOLUTION 177 an amendment which I send to the desk. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mich A message from the Senate by Mr. unanimous consent tD vacate the pro igan? Arrington, one of its clerks, announced ceedings whereby the House agreed to that the Senate had passed a b1ll of the House Resolution 177 on January 29, There was no objection. and ask for its immediate reconsidera The Clerk read the resolution, as following title, in which the concurrence follows: of the House is requested: tion with an amendment which I send H.RES.176 to the desk. S. 17. An act to amend the Communica Resolved, That the following-named Mem tions Satellite Act of 1962 with respect to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to bers be, and they are hereby, elected mem the election of the board of the Communica the request of the gentleman from bers of the following standing committees tions Satelllte Corp. Oklahoma? of the House of Representatives: The message also announced that the Mr. GROSS. Well, Mr. Speaker, re COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE: Page Belcher, Vice President, pursuant to Public Law serving the right to object, what is the Oklahoma; Charles M. Teague, California; 90-448, appointed Mr. SPARKMAN and Mr. resolution and what is sought to be Catherine May, Washington; William C. done? Wampler, Virginia; George A. Goodling, HOLLINGS as members, on the part of the Pennsylvania; Clarence E. Miller, Ohio; Senate, of the National Advisory Com Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the Robert B. Mathias, California; Wiley Mayne, mission on Low Income Housing. gentleman yield? Iowa; John zwach, Minnesota; Thomas S. Mr. GROSS. Yes, I yield to the gen Kleppe, North Dakota; Robert D. Price, tleman from Oklahoma. Texas; John T. Myers, Indiana; Keith G. APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF Mr. ALBERT. The resolution was the Sebelius, Kansas; Martin B. McKneally, New JOINT COMMITI'EE ON ATOMIC regular resolution assigning the Resident York; Wilmer D. Mizell, North Carolina. ENERGY Commissioner from Puerto Rico vari COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS: Jack to Edwards, Alabama. The SPEAKER. Pur;.uant to the pro ous committees and there was merely COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES: W1lllam visions of title 42, United States Code, a technical error contained therein. H. Bates, Massachusetts; Leslie C. Arends, section 2251, the Chair appoints as mem Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw Illinois; Alvtn E. O'Konski, Wisconsin; Wil bers of the Joint Committee on Atomic my reservation of objection. liam G. Bray, Indiana.; Bob Wilson, Cali Energy the following members on the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to fornia; Charles S. Gubser, California; the request of the gentleman from Charles E. Chamberlain, Michigan; Alex part of the House: Mr. HOLIFIELD, Mr. ander Pirnie, New York; Durward 0. Hall, PRICE of Illinois, Mr. AsPINALL, Mr. Oklahoma? Missouri; Donald D. Clancy, Ohio; Robert YOUNG, Mr. EDMONDSON, Mr. HOSMER, There was no objection. T. Stafford, Vermont; Carleton J. King, New Mr. BATES, Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois, and The Clerk read the resolution, as fol York; William L . Dickinson, Alabama; Mr. McCuLLOCH. lows: Charles W. Whalen, Jr., Ohio; Ed Foreman, 2434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 3, 1969 New Mexico; John E. Hunt, New Jersey; G. diana; Hamilton Fish, Jr., New York; R. marks at this point in the RECORD and to William Whitehurst, Virginia. Lawrence Coughlin, Pennsylvania. include extraneous matter.) COMMITl'EE ON BANIUNG AND CURRENCY: COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND W1lllam B. Wldnall, New Jersey; Florence P. FISHERIES: William S. Mallllard, California; Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Dwyer, New Jersey; Seymour Halpern, New Thomas M. Pelly, Washington; Charles A. Speaker, I would like to call to the atten York; W. E. (BUI) Brock, Tennessee; Del Mosher, Ohio; James R. Grover, Jr., New tion of my colleagues another in the Clawson, California; Albert W. Johnson, York; Hastings Keith, Massachusetts; G. series of articles which Carol Stevens Pennsylvania; J. William Stanton, Ohio; Robert Watkins, Pennsylvania; Henry c. Kovner, managing editor of Kovner Pub Chester L. Mize, Kansas; Benjamin B. Schadeberg, Wisconsin; John R . Dellenback, lications in Los Angeles, has written on Blackburn, Georgia; Garry E. Brown, Michi Oregon; Howard W. Pollock, Alaska; Ph111p the Middle East situation. gan; Lawrence G. Williams, Pennsylvania; E. Ruppe, Michigan; Daniel E. Button, New Chalmers P. Wylle, Ohio; Margaret M. York; George A. Goodl!ng, Pennsylvania; In this article, Miss Kovner points up Heckler, Massachusetts; Willlam 0. Cowger, Wllllam C. Bray, Indiana; Paul N. Mccloskey, the determination of Israel to defend her Kentucky; J. Glenn Beall, Jr., Maryland. Jr., California; Louis Frey, Jr., Florida. borders from aggression and the lone COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND CIVIL liness which the Jews feel in this battle. Ancher Nelsen, Minnesota; Wllllam L. Spring SERVICE: Robert J. Corbett, Pennsylvania; The article follows: er, Illinois; Alvin E. O'Konskl, Wisconsin; a R. Gross, Iowa; Glenn Cunningham, Ne ABBA EBAN DEPLORES STEREOTYPE OF PASSIVE Wllllam H. Harsha, Ohio; Frank Horton, New braska; Edward J. Derwinskl, Illinois; Albert VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE York; Joel T. Broyhill, Virginia; Larry Winn, W. Johnson, Pennsylvania; Daniel E. Button, Jr., Kansas; Gilbert Gude, Maryland; Sam New York; William L. Scott, Virginia; James (By Carol Stevens Kovner) Steiger, Arizona; Catherine May, Washing A. McClure, Idaho; Thomas J. Meskill, Con In an interview with Time Magazine In ton; Lawrence J. Hogan, Maryland. necticut; Donald E. Lukens, Ohio; Lawrence their January 10 Issue, Abba Eban, articulate COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR: Wil J. Hogan, Maryland. Foreign Minister of Israel, said there Is a liam H. Ayres, Ohio; Albert H . Quie, Min COMMITTEE ON PullLIC WORKS: William C. stereotype o! Jews as the passive victims of nesota; John M. Ashbrook, Ohio; Alphonzo Cramer, Florida; William H . Harsha, Ohio; others violence. Bell, Callfornia; Ogden R. Reid, New York; James R. Grover, Jr., New York; James C. In Israel the Jews resist. They do not John N. Erlenborn, Illinois; W1lliam J. Cleveland, New Hampshire; Don H. Clausen, suffer passively. But th11 world, personified by Scherle, Iowa; John R. Dellenbach, Oregon; California; Robert C. McEwen, New York; the government leaders and news media who Marvin L. Esch, Mtchlgan; Edwin D. Eshle John J. Duncan, Tennessee; Fred Schwengel, speak for the world community, has not fully man, Pennsylvania; W1lliam A. Steiger, Wis Iowa; Henry C. Schadeberg, Wisconsin; M. G. absorbed this change in the Jewish picture. consin; James M. eomns, Texas; Earl F. (Gene) Snyder, Kentucky; Robert V. Denney, Mr. Eban said, "I have no other explana Landgrebe, Indiana; Orval Hansen, Idaho; Nebraska; Roger H. Zion, Indiana; Jack H. tion for the !act that the Soviet Union, which Earl B. Ruth, North Carolina. McDonald, Michigan; John Paul Hammer Invaded Czechoslovakia, can condexnn alleged COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAms: E. Ross schmidt, Arkansas; Clarence E. Miller, Ohio. Israeli "aggression" at the UN ... without Adair, Indiana; Wi111am S. Mallliard, Califor COMMITTEE ON ScIENCE AND ASTRONAUTICS: the public gallery bursting into laughter." nia; Peter H. B. Frellnghuysen, New Jersey; James G. Fulton, Pennsylvania; Charles A. "I! someone could prove that we could William S. Broomfield, Michigan; J. Irving Mosher, Ohio; Richard L. Roudebush, In survive by giving Arab violence a free rein, Whalley, Pennsylvania; H. R. Gross, Iowa; diana; Alphonzo Bell, California; Thomas M. :~~ .. we would do so. But nobody has proved E. Y. Berry, South Dakota; Edward J . Der Pelly, Washington; Donald Rums!eld, Illi winskl, Illlnols; F . Bradford Morse, Massa nois; John W. Wydler, New York; Guy Van The Pope's sympathetic message to chusetts; Vernon W. Thomson, Wisconsin; der Jagt, Michigan; Larry Winn, Jr., Kansas; Lebanon's president "deploring violent acts•' James G . Fulton, Pennsylvania; Paul Find Jerry L. Pettis, California; Donald E. Lukens, and asking Lebanon to refrain from taking ley, Illinois; John H. Buchanan, Jr., Ala Ohio; Robert Price, Texas; Lowell P. Welcker, countermeasues was astonishing, because bama; Robert Ta.ft, Jr., Ohio; Sherman P. Jr., Connecticut; Louis Frey, Jr., Florida. this was In the context of not uttering a Lloyd, Utah; J. Herbert Burke, Florida; Wil COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF OFFICIAL CON single word of protest when 13 Jewish and liam V. Roth, Jr., Delaware. DUCT: Leslie C. Arends, Illinois; Jackson E. Arab shoppers were killed by a terrorist bomb COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS: Betts, Ohio; Robert T. Stafford, Vermont; In a Jerusalem marketplace, In the same Florence P. Dwyer, New Jersey; Ogden R. Reid, James H. Quillen, Tennessee; Lawrence G. geographical area. New York; Frank Horton, New York; Donald Williams, Pennsylvania; Edward Hutchinson, Was the Pope's message to Lebanon, where Rumsfeld, Illinois; John N. Erlenborn, Il Michigan. there was no loss of life Involved, an act of linois; John W. Wydler, New York; Clarence COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES: unbiased justice at a delicate moment In J. Brown, Jr., Ohio; Guy Vander Jagt, Mich John M. Ashbrook, Ohio; Del Clawson, Cali history? With his deep Interest in the Middle igan; John T. Myers, Indiana; William 0. fornia; Richard L. Roudebush, Indiana; Al East and the Holy Land, why not speak when Cowger, Kentucky; Gilbert Gude, Maryland; bert W. Watson, South Carolina. Jewish children were being teITortzed in Paul N. McOloskey, Jr., Callfornia; Paul Find COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AFFAIRS: Charles Israell northern villages with unrelenting ley, Illinois; John H. Buchanan, Jr., Ala M. Teague, California; E. Ross Adair, In bGmbardment In December by Iraqi trained bama; Lowell P. Weicker, Jr., Connecticut. diana; William H. Ayres, Ohio; John P. Say army regulars. Or even when the Israeli engi COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION: lor, Pennsylvania; Seymour Halpern, New neer, ironically on his way to a UN help mis James Harvey, Michigan. York; John J. Duncan, Tennessee; John Paul sion, was shot to death In Athens by trained COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AF Hammerschmidt, Arkansas; Wllllam L. Scott, in-Lebanon terrorists. FAms: John P. Saylor, Pennsylvania; E. Y. Virginia; Margaret M. Heckler, Massachu But when Israel, defending her small Berry, South Dakota; Craig Hosmer, Califor setts; John M. zwach, Minnesota; Robert V. population from guerrilla bands, even even nia; Joe Skubitz, Kansas; Laurence J . Bur Denney, Nebraska. tually from Lebanon, finally after some ton, Utah; John Kyl, Iowa; Sam Steiger, Ari COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS: Rogers c. months of terrorism, struck in warning to the zona; Howard W. Pollock, Alaska; James A. B. Morton, Maryland. Arab nations that they must control the ter rorists or sufl'er the consequences and destroy McClure, Idaho; Don H. Clausen, California; AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. GERALD R. FORD Ph1llp E. Ruppe, Michigan; John Wold, 13 aircraft In Belrut--not a drop of blood Wyoming; John N. Happy Camp, Oklahoma; The Clerk read as follows: was spilled. Yet this "metal and wire and upholstery" Manuel Lujan, New Mexico. Amendment ofl'ered by Mr. GERALD R. FoRD: COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN as Israell Ambassador to the UN Yosef Tek On page 7, llnes 5 and 6, strike out "E. Ross oah called It, this Is what brought the Pope COMMERCE: W1lliam L. Springer, nunols; Adair, Indiana; William a Ayres, Ohio;" and Samuel L. Devine, Ohio; Ancher Nelsen, Min to speak out. Not In protest to the copious Insert: "William H. Ayres, Ohio; E. Ross blood spilled by Israell civilians in Jeru nesota; Hastings Keith, Massachusetts; Glenn Adair, Indiana;" Cunningham, Nebraska; James T . Broyhlll, salem, not the innocent life of a Jew on a North Carolina; James Harvey, Michigan; Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, mercy mission for the UN, but the mere Albert w. Watson, South Carolina; Tim Lee my amendment, which has just been destruction of material objects. Carter, Kentucky; G. Robert Watkins, Penn read by the Clerk, will correct the senior "Are we to hear that the scrap iron of air sylvania; Donald G. Brotzman, Colorado; planes ls worth more than Jewish blood?" ity standing of the gentleman from Ohio Tekoah asked in the UN, his voice angry and Clarence J . Brown, Jr., Ohio; Dan Kuyken (Mr. dall, Tennessee; Joe Skubltz, Kansas; Fletch AYRES) on the Committee on Veter heartsore, as he stood before the UN Security er Thompson, Georgia; James F. Hastings, ans' Affairs. Council after a decision which never men New York. The amendment was agreed to. tioned in the unanimous condemnation a COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY: William M. The resolution as amended was agreed single act of the terrorists from Arab coun McCulloch, Ohio; Richard H. Poli', Virg1.n1a; to. tries, but only Israeli response to the acts of W1Jllam T. Cahill, New Jersey; Clark Mac A motion to reconsider was laid on the the terrorists. Gregor, Minnesota; Edward Hutch1nson, table. Abba Eban deplored, "Those who were Michigan; Robert McClory, Illinois; Henry P. silent in the face of 13 mangled bodies 1n Smith III, New York; Thomas J. Meskill, Mahana Yehuda market now cry with chok Connecticut; Charles W. Sandman, Jr., New MIDDLE EAST REPORT ing voices over 13 steel skeletons that never Jersey; Thomas F. Railsback, Illinois; Edward breathed life ... there was an angry outcry G. Bleater, Jr., Pennsylvania; Charles E. (Mr. BROWN of California asked and only over property that was destroyed-and Wiggins, California; David W. Dennis, In- was given permission to extend his re- is Insured." February 3, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE There are six countries sitting on the Se tioning of that historic international or formidable and popular candidate for curity Council which have no diplomatic ties ganization but also in fostering the im mayor. with Israel. age of the United States and improving Not only has he been a friend of mine There ls the Soviet Union with Czechoslo for many years, but he acted as my cam vakian hopes for a freer life crushed under relations between the people of our Soviet invading t anks. Continuous anti country and the people of innumerable paign manager in my first successful semitic campaigns ricochet to other coun other countries throughout the world. campaign for Congress in 1958. tries from her shores and the Soviet Union Representative PIRNIE capped his Colonel St. John is not the only mili presumes to judge a Jewish country. service with his election as chairman of tary member of his family. His son, Capt. There ls Britain, stlll enamoured of her a committee composed of members from Richard L. St. John, whom I was proud personal romantic myth of the Arab rldlng five countries to study the question of to designate is a graduate of the U.S. In the clean open desert (with an English Military Academy, a soldier with a dis man by h ls side) , holding a grudge against universality and he served in this capac Israel for not strangling during the yea.rs ity at the next to the last meeting of tinguished record in Vietnam and at after World War II, when she did her level the union at Dakar, Senegal. present a professor of military science best to throttle the emerging country. Mr. PIRNIE performed magnificently at at Lafayette College in Easton, Pa. There ls France, In the grip of an ancient the formal sessions of the Interparlla The Hartford Courant recently car autocrat who suddenly announced a. com mentary Union. He took an active part ried a complete and interesting account plete arms embargo after the Beirut raid in the deliberations of the Union's most of Colonel St. John's career and I think on Israel with no return of $160 milllon pa.Id active committee, as well as in its rul it only fitting at this juncture in the life ln advance by Israel. Israelis met hls an nouncement with resigned dismay, realizing ing council, and in these areas he of one who has served the United States this was the logical conclusion to the court stanchly defended the record and pol so well to make this account a part of the ship of de Gaulle and the Arabs, with the icies of the United States and proved RECORD, as follows: Russians providing much of his wooing himself to be a worthy foeman of those OFFICER ENDS COLORFUL CAREER words. who attacked our country. In addition (By Theodore Driscoll) And there ls the United States, too, who to his formal activities and in some ways It was July 6, 1944, and the Chinese 36th joined this frivolous and Irresponsible farce more importantly, Mr. PIRNIE devoted Division had been thrown back by a. surprise at the UN, condemning a. small country for himself tirelessly to the extraofficial ac Japanese counter-attack that drove them to what we have done ourselves unscathed and the Solween River. The river was wide and uncensured by the UN .. . ln the effort to tivities of the various conferences. It ls an accepted fact that in these extracur swift. There could be no retreating a.cross it. be more "evenhanded." Lt. Col. Wlllla.m St. John, then commander There has been much talk In the last two ricular contacts parliamentarians are of the American combat section with the weeks of an imposed settlement by the Blg able to achieve more for their countries Chinese unit, listened with hls men to the Four, France, Britain, the Soviet Union and than in the formal exchanges of the nightly BBC news broadcast. the United States. Given their present at scheduled sessions and ALEXANDER PIRNIE There had been a. tragic circus fl.re ln Hart titudes, the Russian and French newly sealed performed superbly in this department. ford, Conn., 168 were dead, 500 others In trade agreement and support of every Arab jured. For St. John It was one of the saddest move politlca.lly, the British psychological I am confident that he was responsible antipathy of Israel, and the OS's new, for greatly improving the understanding days he would ever know. of many of our policies on the part of It would be several weeks before he could weighted evenhandedness, what kind of be sure that his wife and his five-year-old Great Power Intervention would be pro delegates to the conference who would son In Waterbury, his life-long home, had not posed? otherwise have based their judgment of been at the circus that day. The new Soviet formula going the rounds policy on insufficient information. of diplomatic circles looks s!mlla.r to the Half a world a.way In the jungles of South Arab demands for a. return to the May 1967 In addition to this performance, I must west China. this gnawed at St. John, a. con sltua.tlon. France has proposed putting also pay tribute to Representative PIRNIE stant worry, until he got a. letter from his Great Power troops Into all countries In personally as I praise his qualities as a wife five weeks after she sent it. They were volved, but de Gaulle's arms embargo has delegation leader. His tact, his courtesy, safe. ruled France out as a future media.tor In his thoughtfulness, and his gentle but NOW RETIRING the Middle East because of hls one-sided firm scheduling and performance of del St. John sat In hls office at the State stand. Armory on Broad Street one day la.st week egation responsibilities made it a par remlnlsctng a.bout this and other things. He Like the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, ticular pleasure to serve with him. once the Big Four got rolling together, could h ad just announced that he was retiring from they stop short of erasing Israel and the I am pleased to bring this brief report the Na.t!ona.l Gue.rd after 42 years of serv Jewish people off the globe, as their self to the House today and I am confident ice. !mposed silence nearly did ln World War II? that all Members will agree that Repre On his desk was a. letter to Gov. Dempsey sentative PIRNIE's service should be a with the la.test accounting of the $25,156,592 source of great pride and satisfaction to worth of state-owned property used by the ALEXANDER PffiNIE'S TERM AS IPU this body. In the name of my colleagues, Connecticut National Gue.rd. St. John ls a. kind of overseer for this PRESIDENT I thank Mr. PIRNIE for his outstanding property. He ls the state military property (Mr. MONAGAN asked and was given service. and procurement officer and will continue In permission to address the House for 1 this position after hls retirement from the National Gue.rd. minute and to revise and extend his re LT. COL. WILLIAM ST. JOHN marks and include extraneous matter.) His boyhood was spent In Waterbury, at
sumers by the Credit Code's rate ceilings. At price in a credit sale to be more than in a avoid the penalty if the violation was ac maximum rates, the first $200 of indebted cash sale, he can recover penalties. The cidental or the result of bona fide error ness (which is the lowest breaking point for Credit Code presumes that the cash price in only three llmited situations. The Credit present rates) payable over one year in twelve quoted by the seller ls a cash price, creating Code allows this escape from all penalties installments would cost the consumer the an almost impossible legal burden for the without limit. Mere violation of our Retail following additional amounts if the Credit buyer to overcome in court. Installment Sales Act ls a crime (the At Code were enacted: torney General ls currently in the procesi; HOME SOLICITATION SALES of prosecuting a violator). Only a few vio A newsmall car loan------______25$7.. 14IO The Massachusetts law gives a buyer one lations are crimes under the Credit Code Home appliance ______21. 10 day in which to cancel a credit sale made and they must be willful, which ls almost away from the seller's place o! business; the impossible to prove. Insurance premiums______7. 14 Uniform Consumer Credit Code gives three CONCLUSION Consumers are frequently shocked when days, which is better. But the Credit Code they learn how high the rate ceilings already applies only to sales made at the buyer's resi There are many other weaknesses and are in Massachusetts. For example, on the dence (not even at his neighbor's), and then problems in the Consumer Credit Code too first $200 of debt, they are 30% for small penalizes him the lesser of his downpayment complex or subtle to chronical in this state loans; 1414% for new cars; 17% % for goods or 5% of the price for exercising his right to ment. There are some good points and in and services; 30% for insurance premiums. cancel. Massachusetts has no such limita novations in the Credit Code which would In all of these cases the Uniform Consumer tions or penalties. benefit Massachusetts consumers and the concept of one tightly knit consumer credit Credit Code would raise the ceillng to 36%. BALLOON PAYMENTS code has much to recommend it. But if a OTHER PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESSES Some creditors induce debtors to enter in scale could be created upon which to bal Nothing prevents the legislature from low to a credit transaction by scheduling early ance the gains and losses to Massachusetts ering the rate ce111ngs in the Oredit Code so low installment payments and then hitting consumers, the Council ls convinced it that they approximate present ce111ngs, al the debtor with a final payment many times would tip in favor o! losses if the Uniform though the Commissioners insist that the the amount o! the others. When the debtor consumer Credit Code were enacted in the high ce111ngs are necessary i! competition is cannot pay the final amount, the creditor form of House Blll 778. to work to lower rates. Were this the Con takes possession of collateral or, usually, of sumer Council's only difficulty with the Code, fers to refinance that amount often with ad ditional credit on terms similar to the origi [From the Consumers' Council News, it might recommend passage with lower ceil Jan. 29, 1969] ings. But there are other problems and weak nal and, of course, with additional finance nesses. At a casual glance, the Credit Code charge, Debtors seldom get off the hook in THE POSITION OF THE MASSACHUSETTS CON appears to offer protections and benefits to such cases. Massachusetts requires that in SUMERS' COUNCIL ON HOUSE BILL 778, THE the consumer very much Uke the ones we stallment payments be substantially equal UNIFORM CONSUMER CREDIT CODE, AS STATED have in Massachusetts and to add some new unless the debtor ls given the right to spread BY PROF. WILLIAM F . WILLIER, STATE HOUSE, benefits to those. However, a careful look re the balloon payment <'Ut in amounts and BOSTON, MASS., JANUARY 29, 1969 veals that in a number of instances the Credit periods equivalent to the other payments or Dr. Edward R. Willett, Chairman of the Code actually weakens protections already unless the balloon payment reflects the Ir Consumers' Council, designated Professor law in Massachusetts. A few examples will regular income of the debtor and that fact William F. Willler o! Boston College Law make the point. ls stated. The Uniform Consumer Credit School to speak for the Council. Professor Code allows balloon payments of up to dou Willier ls the Credit Law Consultant to the NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ble the average of others; it greater than Council and, also, ls a member of the Ad Under ordinary rules of law, a buyer who that, the debtor ls merely given the right to visory Board on Truth-in-Lending to the gives a negotiable promissory note to a seller refinance the payment, which is exactly the Federal Reserve Board. in a credit sale can be forced to pay the abuse which causes the problem. The following ls an excerpt from Prof. Wil finance company to which the seller sells his INSURANCE AND INSURANCE FINANCING ller's testimony: "The State Consumers' note !or cash even though the seller does not A number Of sections of the Uniform Con Council, after study and consultation, op deliver all or part of the goods or services or poses the enactment of the Uniform Con the goods prove to be defective. Massachu sumer Credit Code indicate that financing of insurance premiums is not regulated at all sumer Credl-t Code in Massachusetts at this setts forbids the use of negotiable instru time. ments in such cases. So does the Uniform and it clearly ls not if the financing ls by the insurer. In c. 2550 Massachusetts regu "The Council's position is as follows: The Consumer Credit Code. But Massachusetts Uniform Consumer Credit Code would change also requires that the note be labeled "Con lates such financing. Further, there seems to be no restrictions on the kinds of insurance many laws and regulations in Massachusetts sumer Note" so that no finance company which were designed and enacted ·to protect can force payment of it if the seller defaults. a creditor can require in connection with a consumer credit transaction and for which the consumer. Many problems and conflict Such enforcement remains possible under ing viewpoints have been brought to the the Credit Code. A violation in Massachu~etts the creditor makes a separate charge, while in Massachusetts the kinds o! insurance are Council's attention, some obvious and some subjects the seller to a possible fine and the not so obvious. The General Court should not debtor can recover the entire finance charge limited. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS hastily enact a statute beset With so little as a penalty. The Credit Code does not make understanding and so much controversy. In the violation a crime and allows the buyer Buyers of goods and services frequently stead, thorough study by a competent body a penalty only at the discretion of a court. are asked to sign acknowledgments at the should be given to the changes, problems Further, the seller can weasel out entirely by time they enter into a credit transaction and conflicts which enactment of the Code showing the violation to be unintentional or stating that all goods had been dellvered would create. What may be good enough !or the result o! bona fide error. and services performed even though this was Colorado consumers may not be good enough not so. This has been used in home improve for consumers in Massachusetts." WAIVER OF DEFENSES ment transactions more than any others. To avoid the negotiable instrument prob Prof. Wllller made the following additional When third parties to ".Vhom the seller sold points: lems, creditors often insert clauses in the the credit agreement sought to enforce pay credit agreement which state that debtors ment, courts held debtors to these acknowl " ( 1) There ls serious fallacy in one of agree not to assert their claims and defenses edgments even though the debtor had obvi the major premises upon which the Uniform (such as nondelivery or defective goods) ously been defrauded. Massachusetts gives Consumer Credit Code was promulgated: against third parties (usually finance com such acknowledgments no evidentiary ef that regulation of consumer credit can or panies or banks) who buy the agreements fect against a debtor. The Uniform Con ever will be uniform among the fifty states from the creditors. In Massachusetts, such sumer Credit Code ignores the problem. How and territories.. .. The Massachusetts Gen clauses are unenforceable by decision of the ever, as to disclosure, such an acknowledg eral Court must deal with the problems as Supreme Judicial Court and by statute. The ment creates a presumtpion against the deb they extst tn Massachusetts; it must be con Uniform Consumer Credit Code as intro tor even as to the original creditor that he cerned with the consumers in this State and duced in Massachusetts would give third has complled with the statute; as to third not with those in other states. parties some benefit from such clauses: the parties, the presumption ls conclusive. There "(2) In all cases the rate cell!ngs for con third party would never be liable for more are no such presumptions in Massachusetts. sumer credit in the Uniform Consumer Credit than the amount owing to him at the time Code exceed those tn Massachusetts, even and the debtor would be limited to set-off REMEDIES though they may equal or be lower than against that amount. Presently, the debtor Massachusetts allows a debtor as a mat those in other states. There ls ample evidence can bring action on his own initiative and ter of right to recover a penalty of all credit that for many debtors the celling becomes does not have to rely upon set-off. charges for most violations, and even more the floor, that high cost creditors always for some violations. The Uniform Consumer charge the maximum rates. CASH PRICE Credit Code leaves award of a penalty to "The Uniform Consumer Credit Code would Both Massachusetts and the Uniform Con the discretion of a court. Massachusetts al raise the ceiling to 36% interest at maximum sumer Credit Code require a credit seller to lows a debtor to take affirmative action in rates o! this new proposed Code. The first reveal as the cash price the price the goods court to have a violation declared void. The $200 o! indebtedness (which ls the lowest and services are offered to cash buyers. If a Credit Code does not provide for such a breaking point for present rates) payable buyer in Massachusetts can show the cash right. Massachusetts allows a creditor to over one year in twelve installments would 2438 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 3, 1969 cost the consumer the following additional ment was considered and the Presiden dent Nixon asking that henceforth, .amounts if the Credit Code were enacted: tial Commission was established by act where the fruit of the vine is concerned, "Increase "A small plan ______$7. 14 of Congress in 1967, I opposed the legis only American products be used at official A new car ______25. 10 lation. I think that the creation of the American functions. Home appliance ______21. 10 Commission of Executive, Legislative, Insuran ce premiums______7. 14 and Judicial Salaries was unfortunate and constitutes a great mistake. To per PRIZEWINNING ESSAY BY MIKE "(3) At a casual glance, the Credit Code petuate the mistake instead of correct BUNN appears to offer protections and benefits to the consumer very much like the ones we ing it constitutes an unwillingness to (Mr. HALEY asked and was given per have in Massachusetts and to add some new face up to our responsibilities. mission to address the House for 1 min benefits to those. However, a careful look We have delegated our legislative au ute and to revise and extend his remarks reveals that in a number of instances the thority and responsibility to an Execu and inc~ude extraneous matter.) Credit Code actually weakens protections tive Commission, and by doing so, have Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, today, when that are already in the laws of Mas disclaimed ourselves of our responsibil the subject of crime is discussed so much, sachusetts." ity to legislate important matters deal individually and through our news media, The Executive Secretary, Mr. Dermont P. ing with Federal expenditures. If the be Shea of the Council, stated that: "These are I would like to submit to you to printed Just some of the reasons why the Consum House of Representatives wants to ap in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the fol ers' Council recommends that a. thorough prove the provisions of the Commission's lowing essay written by one of my young study be ma.de in order to protect the rights report, that is a matter on which the constituents, Mike Bunn, a high school of the citizens of the Commonwealth. This House can and should work its will. The senior from Bartow, Fla. Mike won first code might be suitable for other states that enactment of a salary increase amount place in the impromptu essay competi do not have the consumer protection credit ing to more than $35 million annually, tion at the Key Club International Con laws that Massachusetts has, but it is not however, should not, under any circum vention held in Montreal this past sum acceptable to the Consumer's Council as stances, be done by nonaction. It should mer on the subject of "How We as Youth presently drafted." be done only by a rollcall vote. Can Prevent the Growth of Crime and Violence in Our Societies." I think that CONGRESS SHOULD WORK ITS WILL RECONSIDERATION URGED ON you will join me in applauding this young ON SALARY INCREASES WHITE HOUSE USE OF FOREIGN man's efforts to summarize how best youth-and I might add-adults might (Mr. FLYNT asked and was given per- PRODUCTS help in combating crime and violence in mission to address the House for 1 (Mr. SISK asked and was given per our society today. The essay appeared in minute and to revise and extend his re mission to address the House for the December 30, 1968, edition of one of marks and include extraneous matter.) 1 minute, and to revise and extend his our fine Florida newspapers, the Polk Mr. FLYNT. Mr. Speaker, I have intro remarks.) County Democrat, Bartow, Fla. duced House Resolution 178 calling for The essay follows: the disapproval of the salary increase Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, it is customary proposal for certain officials in the execu for the Congress to give a new adminis PRIZEWINNING ESSAY : BARTOW KEY CLUBBER tive, legislative, and judicial branches of tration a reasonable amount of time to REFLECTS ON YOUTH LAW AND ORDER RoLE get itself oriented, to reappraise past Mike Bunn, a senior at Bartow high school, Government. This resolution was refer policies, to review its options, and then won first place in the impromptu essay com red to the House Committee on Post Of chart its course. I intend to follow this petition at the Key Club International con fice and Civil Service. policy with regard to the Nixon adminis vention held in Montreal this past July. Since it is clear that the Committee on In the contest, participants were given no Post Office and Civil Service will not take tration. advance warning concerning the topic. Mike's this subject up prior to the deadline at Nevertheless, I intend also to speak out essay, which follows, was on the topic, "How which time the proposed increase will on issues of importance when the circum we as youth can prevent the growth of crime stances indicate to me that the adminis and violence in our societies": automatically become law by nonaction, I "Since history was first recorded, man has simultaneously introduced House Reso tration is receiving bad advice. One such circumstance apparently has a. record of crime and violence. When civiliza lution 179 which was referred to the tions progressed to high levels, they ma.de House Committee on Rules. This resolu developed already. I refer to an article laws to protect their citizens by suppressing tion, if favorably reported, would have which appeared in the Washington Post the animal character of man. the effect of bringing the question of the of Saturday, February 1, which contained ''But Jaws are not always obeyed nor is the pending salary increase to the floor of a report of a formal reception of the animal nature of man tamed. Men strike out the House for a vote. diplomatic corps. against each other in wrath and in Jealousy. The chairman of the Rules Committee It seems to me that the new adminis Men steal to live or for 'kicks'. They fail to see tration has blundered badly already by the obligation they have toward others. has scheduled a hearing on this and "Today society tolerates crime or excuses other identical House resolutions for deciding to serve French champagne at criminals because they are underprivileged. 10:30 a.m. on Wednesday, February 5, the White House. I hope that this does Society first must change its attitudes be 1969. I expect to appear before the Com not represent an abandonment of the fore crime ca.n be successfully comba.tted. mittee on Rules and to ask the commit policies of the two previous administra "Youth will play an important role in the tee to report such a resolution to the tions, which not only were proud to fight against crime. Men are not born thieves floor. The House can vote it up or down. serve American wines, brandies, and or murderers, but learn to steal or kill. champagnes at the White House, but "It is the duty of the youth of a country I do not think that a salary increase- to aid 1n the prevention of crime. Violence in amounting in one case to an increase of also insisted that American products be modern society is inexcusable and should be 171 percent of present salary-should be served at American posts overseas. dealt with promptly. The 'problem• children, come effective by congressional non The first Saturday after assuming of the unreachables, must be brought back into action, and such an increase at a time fice President Nixon devoted to a review society before they become threats to society. when efforts should be made to reduce of our Southeast Asia policies. The sec "Only at a young age can the future crimi instead of increase Federal spending is ond Saturday he devoted to Mideast poli nals be reformed. Thus It will be their peers cies. I hope that the President will set who must reach them. Example is the best of outrageous. teachers; therefore youth must set a good The annual cost of the salary in aside an early Saturday for a discussion example for the generation that follows. creases for the executive, legislative, and of White House beverage policies. Friendship, too, must be given to the prob judicial branches is $34,700,000. At a I am confident that an unbiased review lem child; lack of social contact or lasting time when there is relatively little flex of this matter would show that un relationships with their fellow men can be ibility in our budget and when conflict questionably the best policy would be to seen in the depraved assassins of the last few ing pressures are being exerted to both serve good California beverages or, in a years. Communication between individuals pinch, those produced in the State of New and between generations in society must be reduced Federal spending and to in strengthened. crease spending on certain programs, we York, but in no event those products "Perhaps the greatest weapon against crime cannot by nonaction authorize a salary which come from the vineyards of is respect. For if men respect the rights of increase of this magnitude with a clear Charles de Gaulle. each other how can they deny a man those conscience. Because of my grave concern over this rights or infringe on his personal freedom? When this method of salary adjust- matter I am directing a letter to Presi- A campaign among the youth of all nations 1 February 3, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2439 upholding the worth and dignity of the in· 1 minute and to revise and extend his who stand on the sidelines during a presi dividual would do much to fight crime. remarks and include extraneous matter.) dential contest because they cannot conscien "Criminals should be Justly punished on tiously go along with the nominee of the!r Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Wash party. But open support of a rival is a breach conviction, but when their debt is paid to ington Post now editorializes that free society, they should be allowed to return as of party discipline that cannot reasonably be free of stigma as one who has never com speech is rightfully subject to party pun tolerated. The Congressman from Louisiana mitted a crime. ishment if essential to preservation of will be fortunate if he loses only his seniority "By making contacts with children in un morale in the party. and not the right to masquerade under the derprivileged areas, by setting a suitable ex I do not recall the Post editorializing Democratic label. ample for our peers and the generations to against those free-speech dissenters who come, by establishing better communications tore up the National Democratic Con between individuals, and by campaigning for vention in Chicago. PATRIOTISM IS NOT DEAD the dignity of all men, crime can be success fully fought. It is the young leaders of to On the other hand, they have eulogized (Mr. DORN asked and was given per day who must fight for a better tomorrow. It Castro and even defended the Supreme mission to extend his remarks at this is the work of today that assures the success Court in deciding that a Communist has point in the RECORD and to include ex of tomorrow." a right to freedom of association and traneous matter.> can work in a defense factory. Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, it was my One wonders why the editors find no RACIAL JUSTICE, NOT SEPARATISM privilege to attend a magnificent pro concern for the morale of the people. gram. "Salute to the Armed Forces," on (Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given Should not the people-not the party November 1, 1968, conducted by the Aiken permission to address the House for 1 have the right to punish? High School Band, faculty, and students. minute and to revise and extend his re Who would the Post's editors suggest This was a half-time show dedicated to marks and include extraneous matter.> should pass on the morale of the party our Armed Forces at the Greenwood Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, recent news editors? Other politicians? My peo High-Aiken High football game. The demands by Negroes for separatism are ple's morale is low-but never beaten. following editorial appeared in the Aiken very disturbing. I have devoted much How would the Post define representa Standard and Review of November 6, energy during my tenure in Congress, tive government? Of the people? Or of 1968, and is a tribute to this splendid as have a great number of my colleagues, the party? occasion: to assure the Negro a position of true The editor of the paper who has been AIKEN-U.S.A. equality in our society. I was pleased to so prodigiously outspoken for free speech, Though the prophets of gloom depict this find the following editorial in the Cleve dissent, and an alphabet of other rights era as one of darkness, hippies, yippies, draft land Plain Dealer of January 27, 1969, suddenly finds more concern about party card burners and chaos, on Friday, Novem dealing with this timely subject. discipline than he does about the right ber l, at Aiken High School's Hagood Sta It is my hope that my colleagues will of our people to vote-free from perse dium, a light as strong as a laser beam cution, intimidation, or punishment. appeared and proved that waving Old Glory read this noteworthy editorial: ls not as old fashioned as some would have I! the Negro wants to improve his lot, he Does the Washington Post now re pudiate the one-man, one-vote theory? us believe. should be concentrating on developing unity The Aiken High School band, faculty and and racial dignity, not separatism. And Noteworthy, no suggestion was made of students' "Salute To The Armed Forces" whites could make an important contribu any constitutional provision, law, or moved thousands of fans with a program as tion to the cause of equality by working to statute as authority for the party action. stirring as the Splr!t of '76. Imagine, if you change the attitudes of friends and neigh The Post would seem to approve of mak will, the theme songs of the United States bors who are prejudiced. ing laws to fit the occasion and with ret Army, U.S. Marine Corps, United States Navy This is the advice of two leaders here- and United States Air Force being played by Dr. Kenneth W. Clement of the Urban roactive effect. In fact, the action the Post seeks to de the spirited Aiken High School band as each League and William Pickard of the NAACP of the Armed Forces Color Guards marched and it bears repeating. fend is at most unwritten political tradi to take their positions on the center of the Dr. Clement has joined civil rights leader tion or custom-which the same paper gridiron. What a magnificent display of the Roy Wilkins and others in condemning ra bitterly opposed when they moralized national colors. The stirring music of the cial separatism. against racial segregation in the South Aiken High band brought everyone to their In view of the years of frustration and as an evil institution of tradition or cus feet and as a welcome was thundered out by oppression, it is not difficult to see why some the students and fans, the roar became deaf Negroes today are urging black separation tom, which denied basic human rights. A contradictory position from an oracle ening and shattering. The tumultous wel with perhaps even the setting aside of entire come for the color guards, the visiting Major states for Negroes. of the communication media. It even sug General John C. T. T!llson lli--Commanding But separatism is not the answer. Now, gests additional punishment of my people General of Ft. Gordon-Mrs. J . C. T. Tillson, when the national conscience is awakening, by banishing them from the party alto the 861st Radar Squadron, and the soldiers is a time to strive for racial justice and a gether. Makes one wonder, would the who are now In recuperation at Ft. Gordon truly harmonious American society in which Post extend its extremistic logic to refuse Hospital certainly proved that Americans do a man is not judged on the color of his skin. care. This does not preclude the cultivation of the people of my district any representa tion in Congress because their philosophy Following the very warm and dramatic racial pride in the Negro and the develop welcome, 5000 fans came to a dead silence as ment of knowledge about his heritage, These of life and country may differ from the a U.S. Army ti.ring squad from Ft. Gordon are laudable goals and they should and can feelings of others, including the editorial echoed the volleys of a 21 gun salute. The be attained within a single society, without policies of the Post? s!lence as Old Glory was placed at half mast whites and blacks going separate ways. But then, the Post is in the business of as the Bugler and echo sounded Taps made The Negro, however, ts not the only one selling newspapers. And everyone knows the night take on a reverence never to be responsible for bringing about the transi forgotten. With this tribute to those who tion. Whites hold the balance of power in in Washington, D.C., you can sell venom by turning your pen against the people of made the supreme sacrifice, the Alken Band this country and their commitment to racial then marched forming a huge letter "A" to equality is essential. the South. signify America, our wonderful country, Pickard suggests that whites can help by The editorial follows: under God, while the entire audience joined changing the attitudes of fellow whites who PARTY DISCIPLINE In singing "God Bless America" as 1000 and are not sympathetic to the plight of the Negro. He correct. The disciplined Congressman from Loui more American Flags waved. ts Indeed, this is America and Aiken is fortu Prejudice must be actively combatted. As siana, John R. Rarick, missed the point when he said that he is a free American who has nate to have the dedication of its youth, city fast as the walls of bigotry topple, the Negro offlc!als and fraternal organizations who will progress In his struggle. Every white a right to support George Wallace if he wants to. Of course he has. But he can't claim all united as a community to pay homage to who realizes this should be reasoning with the greatest country 1n the world. Old Glory, his less enl!ghtened neighbors. the priv!leges of a Democratic member of the House of Representatives when he Insists on long may it wave. knifing his party in the back. POST APPROVES OF DISCIPLINING We think the action of the House Demo PEOPLE crats in stripping Mr. Rarick of his seniority POLICE REPORTER was not only fair but also essential to the EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS VETERANS' DAY SPEECH selor and was very helpful to me in many lege with a great deal of enthusiasm. I think ways. that I lla:ve a reputation, regardless of the Likewise, World War II brings to my mind occasion, for sprinkllng a bit of salt water on HON. ALTON LENNON many veterans, who were my schoolmates any inland audience at every opportunity. OF NORTH CAROLINA and !riends, as well as a host of others. The I have be.en told that after my Air Force following no.mes Immediately come to mind: brother was here last year he made a low IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Howard Oxendine, Simeon Oxendine (D!S level pass over town with his big Boeing Monday, February 3, 1969 tlngulshed Flying Cross), James Arnold 707 airplane. I have been here a. time or two Jacobs, Rudolph Carter, Edison Carter, Cleo When Tom Oxendine has made a low-level Mr. LENNON. Mr. Speaker, Capt. G. E. Maynor, Jimmy Maynor, Col. Earl Lowry, navigation :flight over town in his jet fighter. Lockee, a constituent and naval nfficer Rudolph Godwin, Willie Von Lowry, Bracey I want to assure you that after I leave here who is rendering outstanding service to Sampson, my uncle, my brothers: Otto and today you will not find a blg guided missile our country, addressed his townsmen in Col. Archie Stanton Lockee; Wade Lowry ship steaming up Lumber River .heckling Pembroke, N.C., at special Veterans' Day who was killed in action at Midway, Dr. with great noises all the citizens of Robeson Tel!ord Lowry. County. ceremonies. I am pleased to bring to at I Join you in so.luting all World War I We should all be aware of the importance tention his excellent remarks honoring and World War II veterans as well as those of sea power, ,and 'the Influence of see. power our veterans and depicting the Navy's who participated In the Korean War and as a deterrent of war. The Navy has been the role in national defense. the current War ln Vietnam. country's first line of defense and has usually The address follows: In case you don't know lt, Commander been the first to strike an enemy when all ADDRESS BY CAPT. G. E. LOCKEE, U.S.N., VET Thomas Oxendine and I have crossed paths other peaceful efforts failed. ERANS' DAY CEREMONIES, PEMBROKE, N.C., many times over the past 26 yea.rs as we Deterrence of nuclear war by U.S. Naval NOVEMBER 11, 1968 have served In our wonderful Navy. In talk power is an important aspect of modern see. ing with Tom before coming down here from power. .Our sea-based Polaris ballistic missile Mayor Maynor, Reverend Cummings, Doc Washington, he requested that I pass along forces and the carrier-based nuclear strike tor Courtner, Post Commander Locklear, fel to you his personal greetings. Until recently forces with their characteristics of mobllity low Veterans, Distinguished Guests, Le.dies Tom and I worked near ea.ch other in the and concealment have been an Important and Gentlemen. Pentagon. He has just moved a.cross the part of our Country's strike capabillty. First, I Wish to thank you for inviting me Potomac River from the Pentagon Into Wash See.power is more than Just war ships. Sea to come home age.in to Pembroke. -I have ington and now works for the Commander, >power embraces total naval power, the Mer many friends here and am rather senti Naval Air Systems Command in the Public chant Marine, the fishing industry and mental a.bout this part of the country. As Affairs Office. knowledge of the vast oceans. many of you know, I was born a.bout a. half Although "to my knowledge, they are .not Now for a few examples and some facts. mile from where I now stand. I have hunted many quail in the surrounding countryside. War Veterans, there are a few men to whom As long as three quarters of the World's I also have many pleasant memories o! my I would like to now pay special recognition surface is covered by water, any war must Grammar School and IDgh School days here. and thanks because they have .had such a. necessarily Include a wet water war waged Joining with you here today, to honor great influence on the lives of so many of in support of our Army, our Air Force, and our Veterans, is lndeecl a. pleasure and a. our Countrymen, and especially me. They our Marine Corps. Did you know that it privilege for me. Too often, and too soon are: takes a ton of supplies per month to support the world and even our own Countrymen Mr. Lonnie Oxendine, Mr. Cllfton Oxen a foot soldier in Vietnam? forget the very men to whom they owe the dine, Mr. Marvin Lowry, Mr. Ira Pate Lowry, There are over 600,000 Americans in Viet most. As Americans, we are all indebted to Mr. Zeb Lowry, Mr. Paul Sampson, Mr. nam. Did you know that our supply line to our Veterans, because it ls they who proved Elmer Lowry. Vietnam is nearly 10,000 miles long? Did to the world that Americans have integrity, These gentlemen were my teachers while you know that 98% of all supplies and that we a.re wllllng to fight !or the very attending school here, I'm sure they nave ,equipment going to Vietnam to support our same principles, the real values for which our taught many of you. They have been the troops there make that 10,000 mile trip by first veterans fought so valiantly 200 years reflection of education. They have instilled ship? Did you know that it was the Navy a.go. As we pay tribute to the many men and in so many the real desire to excel. The -planes from mobile ocean airfields, our car women who served so well in the ca.use of desire to move higher. The desire to :reach riers in the Gulf o! Tonkin, that made the freedom, it is well that we not overlook these the sky. I want to thank them !or what I first Air Strikes on targets in North Viet values for which so many have laid down consider to be a. noble contribution to their nam in February 1966? This is true because their lives. country in the field o! education. 1.hey were there, they were ready. They were Foremost among these a.re such basic Education ,has increased importance today. operating on the free oceans when the Com things as the several freedoms guaranteed It ls important because many of you here mander ln Chief me.de the decision to strike. by the constitution, liberty, the dignity o! today are engaged in it. Many students look Did you know that it was the Navy that man and our n ational and personal respon a.t their education with mixed emotions be landed 15,000 Marines and Soldiers at Santo siblllty to -preserve them. Each generation cause it ls easy to look at lt that way. Domingo when help was requested there must for ttsel! preserve or lose them. They W.!th but few .exceptions the leaders of to ln April 1986? I could name many other are the very foundations upon which the morrow in all we.lks of llfe are on the college occasions when the Navy was the first to security of our country rests. J: wish to em campus today. Some of them are here in this strike a. blow ln defense of our country. My phasize that these freedoms and rights, audience today. point is sim_ply this; the Fleet, through its which ·most of us take !or granted, did not While prepM'atlon for positions of respon unique e.billty to gain immediate proximi come ·without cost. Every right and privi sibility generally is aucomplished in the col ty to areas of tension, has always been ready lege comes with a. responstb1llty. A responsl lege classroom, many of the qualities pos to apply, if necessary, its strength, its mo bllity to our creator, a. responslbllity to our sessed by men who become our leaders a.re blllty and its ilexlbillty to protect our Na country and a responsibiltty to our fellow acquired by practical experience and training tion's interest, tf so directed by the Presi man. Increased responslblllty often 1s ac which .a.re not a part of 'the normal college dent. companied by increased authortty and recog curriculum. Many of these qualities are de In spite of all my pride ln the Navy, I nition. I am sure that you can conclude veloped on the athletic field or thru extra. would in no way infer that the Navy can do that increased responsibillty and authority curricular activities. the total Job of defending our country a.lone. is accompanied by greater e.ccounte.billty. I wish there were some rwa.y that this im Far from lt. The Navy believes that the co Our veterans have assumed these responsl portant aspect of growing up could be more ordinated combat power of all the United bllitles well. emphatically impressed upon our young peo States Armed Service must be projected I don't know the names of all our Vet ple. Our complex world needs more highly overseas-a.way from our own shore&--in any erans here today, but I believe that lt is educated and trained men and women. I type o! conflict. We in the Navy fully rec most fitting at a time like this that I name recommend that you who are engaged in at ognize the Navy's role in the support of the a. few of them. Miles S. Jones, my Uncle, 'te.ining an education give this part of your other Services in this matter. Jack Sampson, Wlllie Die.I, Bunion Locklear, preparation your best effort. If you do, lt will We also believe that the roles of all the John L. Locklear, W. P. Godwin, Martin stand you well ln the future. Armed Forces are played best lf they are Luther "Lowry; served in World War I. In addition to .honoring our Veterans to coordinated, and that the combined strengths Two other World War I Veterans, Mr. day, I would like to talk a. bit about one of ot the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air James R. Lowry and Mr. L. W. Jo.cobs, now my favorite subjects. Force forces engaged in concert ls far great deceased, were dear friends of mine es they Belng a Naval Officer, I would not want to e:: than the sum of their separate strengths. were of many of you. Mr. James R. Lowry disappoint any of you by not saying some We ln the Navy believe that no matter how was one of my high school teachers. He thing about my own Service---the United complex or how awesome you build the was my school principal. He was my coun- States Navy. Today, I will assume this prlvl- weapons of war that the man-the Indivld- February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2455 ual-is still the most vital element of our of New York, a Secretary of Commerce, immediately proceeded to the perimeter and defense team. Men make declslons--men and an adviser to four American Presi deployed the reactionary force. As he was de fight battles-men win wars. ploying his men, Captain Guerrieri, with For nearly two centuries lt has been the dents. complete disregard for his personal safety, individual man--each accomplishing his We come closer if we recall that he threw a grenade and killed two enemy sol task-that has enabled the Navy to excel both successfully negotiated a difficult nuclear diers who were about to fire an RPG at the 1n time or war and peace. It was the indi test ban treaty which, at this moment, command bunker. Although seriously vidual sailor who manned the topsails and is preventing the pollution by radiation wounded, Captain Guerrieri continued to guns that brought the first victories to our of the air we breathe and the food we lead his men until he was evacuated. His fledgling Navy during the Revoluntionary eat. valorous actions contributed immeasurably War, and it's the talented and educated Perhaps the measure of this man is to the success or the mission and the defeat Navyman of 1968 that keeps nuclear powered of the enemy force. Captain Guerrlerl's per ships roaming the high seas and the super best summed up by simply noting that sonal bravery, aggressiveness, and devotion sonic aircraft battle ready throughout the he returns now to his native land hav to duty are in keeping with the highest tra year. ing brought a war to the beginning of ditions o! the mmtary service and reflect We have made tremendous advances in real peace negotiations. great credit upon himself, h1s unit, the 25th electronics, propulsion, guided missiles, Averell Harriman is home now for a Infantry Division and the United States nuclear physics, and push button computer well-deserved rest. But I know that he Ariny. systems which coordinate our Command and will not be inactive for long, for he is Authority: By direction of the President Control evolutions. This sophistication ls too energetic, too concerned, too dedi under the provisions of the Act of Congress, good and ls necessary but it ls still the man approved 9 July 1918, and USARV message who must make the decision as to which cated not to continue his service. 16695, 1 July 1966. button ls pushed, and when it ls pushed. I am honored to call Averell Harriman Surely we cannot say too much about the my friend, and I am happy that he and individual, since he ls the key to success in his lovely wife, Marie, are home again. any endeavor. ENFORCEMENT OF THE CONSTITU While most of our people live in an en vironment of plenty and only a few of our TION people reel a personal impact from the War PITTSBURGH SOLDIER AWARDED 1n Vietnam, I cannot say enough about the SILVER STAR devotion to duty-the high degree of skill HON. JEFFERY COHELAN and tralnlng-the courage and sacrifice that OF CALIFORNIA 1s demonstrated daily by the men and women HON. JAMES G. FULTON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1n all branches of our Armed Forces. They are giving their best twenty-four hours a day. OF PENNSYLVANIA Monday, February 3, 1969 And, 1n so doing, they do honor to the highest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE.S Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, last year traditions or you-the American Veteran Monday, February 3, 1969 a majority of the Members of the House who has gone before them. of Representatives waged a difficult but This ls also a most appropriate time to Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. successful fight to assure that the Fed salute our fammes for their understanding Speaker, it is a pleasure to join in honor and support as we carry out the many duties ing young Capt. David F. Guerrieri, U.S. eral Government would continue to en required of the man and woman 1n uniform. force title VI of the Civil Rights Act ot Army, who today was decorated with the 1964. In defeating the Whitten amend I would like to thank you for this op In portunity to share this day with you. Your Silver Star for heroism in Vietnam. ment to the HEW appropriation, we re Countrymen are indebted to you, her Vet a special ceremony at the Walter Reed affirmed our instruction that the Gov erans, for your sacrifices and your service Army Medical Center, Brig. Gen. Fred ernment would continue to enforce which have been necessary in order to keep eric J . Hughes, Jr., pinned our Nations southern school desegregation by with our nation great in a rapidly changing and third highest military award on Cap holding Federal funds from unconstitu troubled world. We would also not forget the tain Guerrieri for "gallantry in action" sacrifices of those who have died 1n battle. during an enemy attack on the Fourth tionally segregated school districts. I pray God's richest blessings on all of you. Earlier this month, the Department of of July, 1968. Health, Education, and Welfare issued Captain Guerrieri's parents, Mr. and its report on progress under the school Mrs. Francis Guerrieri, of 305 Parkway Drive, Pittsburgh, Pa., and his brother desegregation guidelines. The report AMBASSADOR W. AVERELL Daniel Guerrieri came to Washington showed progress--albeit much too slow HARRIMAN to witness proudly the presentation cere progress--in achieving a system of inte mony. grated and equal schools for white and As Congressman for the Guerrieri black alike. HON. HALE BOGGS family I wish to congratulate them on But last week, the new Secretary of the OF LOUISIANA his fine heroism under the pressure of Department of Health, Education, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Welfare refused to cut otf Federal school enemy fire, and commend David F. Guer aid funds from five unconstitutionally Wednesday, January 29, 1969 rieri as an excellent example of courage and patriotism in our country's young segregated southern school districts. In Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, it is with a people. stead, the new Secretary granted an ad great deal of humility that I rise to pay ditional 60 days to the schools to nego tribute to one of the most gifted and We Americans owe a great debt to the tiate a satisfactory desegregation pro dedicated leaders in modern American men like Captain Guerrieri who have served our Nation well in our armed gram. history-a man who embodies the spirit In ordinary circumstances, a 60-day and the ideals of our people-Ambassa services. It is a special pleasure to include delay might seem unobjectionable, espe dor W. Averell Harriman. the citation of the award of the Silver cially where a new administration had so It has been said that great men hallow Star to Capt. David F. Guerrieri in the recently come to power. However, the a people and lift up all who live in their RECORD, as follcws: U.S. Supreme Court in 1954, 15 years ago, time. I know of no one of whom this is AWARD OF THE SILVER STAR, SEPTEMBER 23, better than half a generation ago, de more true than Averell Harriman. 1968 clared that the law of the land absolute When I consider the founders of this The following award ls announced: ly forbade State-compelled racial segre Guerrieri, David F., Captain , Artillery, U.S. Republic-Washington, Madison, Frank Army, HHB, 2d Bn, 77th Arty, 25th Inf Div. gation. Sixty days' delay added to 15 lin, Hamilton, and others--! often won Awarded: Silver Star. years' delay is a much more serious der who among my contemporaries might Date action: 4 July 1968. matter. measure up to their greatness. Inevita Theater: Republic of Vietnam. In the strongest possible terms, I urge bly, W. Averell Harriman comes to mind, Reason: For gallantry in action: Captain the Members of this body to make known for he alone seems to combine their wis Guerrieri distinguished himself by heroicr to the new administration the fact that dom and intellect, their compassion and actions on 4 July 1968, while serving with we, a majority of the House of Repre courage. Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Battalion, 77th Artillery in the Republic of sentatives, will not tolerate the flaunt It hardly approaches the measure of Vietnam. A numerically superior enemy ing of our will. We voted just last year the man to say that Averell Harriman force launched a massive rocket, mortar, and to continue the enforcement of school has been a dedicated public servant, a ground attack against a friendly base camp. desegregation under title VI of the Civil distinguished Ambassador, a Governor During the ensuing action, Captain OuerrierJ Rights Act of 1964. 2456 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 Our will is clear. John Walker advertised that he had Wiley, of Sayreville, N.J., for the issu Our expectation for the new adminis opened an office for real estate and the pur ance of a Pueblo commemorative stamp. chase and sale of slaves. The simple fact is that the American tration in the vigorous enforcement of So went the arrival Issue of The Picayune, the civil rights laws is no less clear. named because it sold for the price of the citizens on the Pueblo serve at the re small Spanish coin, the picayune. Since the quest of our Government to protect this picayune was worth 6~ cents, the newspa free Nation-for that alone we should per later dropped its price to a nickel, and honor them. That they endured so much FIRST PICAYUNE ISSUE RECALLED until recent years, was unique in that it with such courage should make us ever sold for less than it did when first founded. proud that these men are willing to de The first editors, George W!lklns Kendall fend our freedom, and it should encour HON. HALE BOGGS and Francis A. Lumsden, were printers op age us all to work even harder to secure OF LOUISIANA erating on borrowed capital, but apparently, peace in our world in their time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they deserved and got patronage. The Pica yune was only 10 years old when it organized Monday, February 3, 1969 a pony express system to cover the Mexican Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, last Jan War and Kendall was American Journalism's first full-fledged war correspondent. His dis ONE OF THE GIANTS IS NOW GONE uary 25, one of the most active leaders in patching service was so fast that other news my part of the country interrupted a papers clipped The Plcayune's correspond very busy schedule to celebrate a l32d ence. HON. ROY A. TAYLOR birthday. The transition that necessarily accom or NOB.TH CAROLINA This individual carries her years well panies time occurred, of course, and through IN ,THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and shows no sign of slowing down. If out the years, there were merger transac anything, she is more alive and more tions involving other newspapers. Eventual Monday, February 3, 1969 ly, The Times Picayune emerged. That was in active today than ever before. I speak of 1914. Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, a national the New Orleans Times-Picayune, one of But the granddaddy of them all, The Pic museum and cradle of forestry were au the Nation's oldest and greatest news ayune, remained as steadfast to the cause of thorized by the 90th Congress and are papers. Journalism as It did back in 1837, when the being established in the Pisgah National When the Picayune was born, Andrew population of New Orleans was about 46,000. Forest of western North Carolina on the Jackson was President and this Repub With the city going into its 251st year, and The Times-Picayune its 133rd, the two site where the first field school of for lic was barely a generation old. In the estry in America was operated some 71 years that have followed, her reporters seem to be progressing together after adopt ing the words of Robert Browning: "Grow years ago, and near the site where the have covered war and peace, depression old along with me? The best is yet to be." first national forest tract of land was and prosperity, yellow fever epidemics, purchased under the Weeks law. and m general, the trials and successes We are proud of North Carolina's his of America's most interesting city. The toric role as a pioneer in preserving de ranks of her contributors include Mark "PUEBLO" COMMEMORATIVE veloping, and conserving forests 'and Twain-the original one, from whom STAMP other natural resources. We are proud Samuel Clemens drew his name-Lafca that much of the sentiment toward dio Hearne, and William Faulkner, to establishment and proper management name just a few. HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN of national forests and national parks in The Times-Picayune is a grand old OF NEW JERSEY the eastern part of the United States newspaper, steeped in Americana, and I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES originated and developed in western am delighted to salute it on this, its 132d North Carolina. birthday. Monday, February 3, 1969 I am a.ttaching an article from its Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, we are We are proud that much of the land anniversary edition on January 25, 1969, dally reading in the newspapers of clam comprising the Smoky Mountains Na which I know will be of interest to my ors for further investigations of the tional Park was purchased by interested Pueblo crisis-investigations which pro citizens and by the States of North Car colleagues: olina and Tennessee and given to the FIRST PICAYUNE ISSUE RECALLED: NEWSPAPER pase to study not only this incident but TODAY BEGINS ITS 133D YEAR the very nature of our foreign pallcy. Federal Government some 40 years ago, making it the first national park in east (By Don Lee Keith) Amid all this controversy I would like to take a moment to reflect on the men ern America. Andrew Jackson was president then. In Verne Rhoades was one of the grad Washington, there was a circulating petition who manned this ship in her hour of to abolish slavery. peril, and who endured the hardships of uates of this first field school of forestry. Back home in New Orleans, it was a wet confinement by the North Koreans. Later he became the first supervisor of and blusterous winter day, that Wednesday, Every day from our college campuses the Pisgah National Forest and later was Jan. 25, 1837. Those who cared to brave the come the shouts of our youth for peace. in charge of the acquisition of much of elements that evening could be entertained The men of the Pueblo also want peace, the Smoky Mountains National Park at the Camp Street Theater, featuring a play and they were willing to die for that lands, and in recent years he raised known as "Cinderella!" Over at the St. funds to restore the original forestry Charles Theater, something called "Charles cause--one young sailor actually did give Il" starred Mr. Hunt, Mr. Finn, T. Bishop his life. The moral strength of these men schoolhouse and was one of the moving and Mrs. Keeley. to survive the hardships following their spirits behind the creation of the Cradle The players may have been forgotten, but seizure should remain as a living tribute of Forestry. This great pioneer in con the newspaper which chronicled their per to patriotism and freedom. servation and forestry died about 10 days formance in its first Issue is still very much The National Committee for Respon ago, and I recommend to my colleagues around. One hundred and thirty-two years sible Patriotism remembered as the two editorials, the first appearing in the if:.· you're looking at the same publica- spansor in 1967 of the "Suppart Our Men Asheville Citizen of January 24, 1969, and in Vietnam" parade down Fifth Avenue the second appearing in the Asheville And as The Times Picayune begins its 133rd Times of January 25, 1969. year, it does so with the same fervor it ex in New York worked long and hard for hibited in Vol. 1, No. 1, when it stated the past year to secure the release of the (From the Asheville (N.C.) Citizen, Jan. 24, "There is no doubt that if we deserve pa~ Pueblo crew. Now this organization is 1969] tronage we shall receive it; and 1:! we do not encouraging the Post Office Department ONE OF THE GIANTS Is Now GONE the public will not extend it." ' to issue a Pueblo commemorative stamp Verne Rhoades, who died in Florida this That first issue came from an obscure as a lasting tribute to the bravery of week, was one of the most beloved men who building at 38 Gravier st. It was edited in a these men and as a constant reminder of has lived in Asheville. 160-square foot office and published with He had a quality of gentleness that belied $400 worth of equipment. the outside forces which would destroy his strength o! purpose, and a quiet gener In that Issue, Mrs. E. Green placed a no the freedom which we often take for osity that masked his essential firmness. tice that she had opened a fashionable board granted. A graduate of the Forestry School on the ~g house at No. 122 Tchoupitoulas st., I suppart the efforts of this organiza Biltmore Forest Estate, he became the first where several gentlemen can be accommo tion headed by its able, dedicated, and supervisor of Pisgah National Forest and dated with board on reasonable terms." dynamic executive director, Charles W. later was in charge of the acquisition of February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2457 much of the land for the Great Smoky Moun mission during the commission's annual in The careless man on the auto assembly line tains National Park. stallation and awards dinner at Hotel Sher ls robbed when his sly TV repairman re His business and civic interests were ex aton-Cleveland. places perfectly good tubes. tensive and varied; his contributions In time The award, for "his great contribution in The TV man cusses when buttons !all off and money to all manner of worthy causes the field of Public Relations to the Veterans his new shirt. were substantial. He sought no public ac and Civic Organizations," ls only the fourth The lazy foreman in the shirt factory is claim; he often sought anonymity. But his such citation the commission has given in outraged that the walls of his new apartment good works were recognized by a wide circle 31 years. seem to be made out of drum skins. of friends-rich and poor, high and low Mausser, a public relations counselor here, And the corner-cutting contractor on the who revered him. has received national recognition for his apartment job ls killed by a sticking accele One of his major interests in recent years work, including twice being commended in rator on the car whammed together by the was the Cradle of Forestry project in Pisgah congressional speeches-on May 3, 1967, and auto assemblyman. National Forest and restoration of Dr. May 10, 1968. What has happened to us is a lack of Schenck's original schoolhouse, for which he It was just a year ago that Bishop Clar discipline. We all need to be kicked a little. raised the necessary funds. ence G. Issenmann of the Cleveland Catholic Very few of us will do very good work unless Verne Rhoades was 86 and thus had lived Diocese cited him for his "commended lead we are a little fearful of the consequences of a long and useful life. His death still comes ership In the ecumenical and interfaith de doing bad work. We're not bad people. We're as a shock. velopments" In Greater Cleveland. just people. Here, truly, was a Christian gentleman Our ancestors found this out in the Revolu always, courteous, always kind, always tionary War. The mllltla started out by elect thoughtful of others. Ashevme and Western ing their officers and noncoins on the basis of North Carolina have lost a pioneer who will SOCIALISM EXEMPLIFIED their easygoing popularity. Uost of this be long remembered. He walked in grace. militia fled at the first volley. It wasn't until tough and sometimes pretty [From the Ashev1lle (N.C.) Times, Jan. 25, HON. JOHN R. RARICK unpopular officers took over that Americans 1969] OF LOUISIANA began to win battles. The fear of the conse A PIONEER PASSES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quences of bugging out and to at least equal Ashev1lle has lost one of its worthiest citi Monday, February 3, 1969 the distaste for standing firm. zens In the death at 86 of Verne Rhoades. Those of us who wear the campaign rib His serv1ces extended far beyond this city, Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, a thought bons of the Great Depression remember when and he was In truth a citizen of all of West provoking paper on our slipshod age may there was too much job discipline in ern North Carolina. well acquaint our people with life in our America. There seemed to be 10 hungry guys Forester, naturalist, conservationlst---Verne Socialist future. standing behind every worker and fouling up Rhoe.des was all of these things, beginning was rough. Men of sk111 and integrity peddled Time was when a craftsman was just from door to door. The lecherous boss of the as a. potent pioneer in a. day when scientlflc that. He was proud of his work and even forestry and conservation were at the very dime store often, as the Victorians put it, had beginnings. He was, it could be said, one of affixed his name to his product. But then, his will with the poor little girl clerk, !or it the founders of the Great Smoky Mountains time was when work was honorable and was sometimes either that or starve. National Park. He worked tirelessly for the a way of life. But, alas, in too many in Today the girl can tell him to fly his kite. park's establishment, and supervised much stances the job has been replaced by a The classified sections are stuffed with ads of the land acquisition. right to put in time for pay. for men of sk111 and the employer who wants Verne Rhoe.des' handiwork ls all around us. Mr. Speaker, I include Jenkin Lloyd to exploit is having heavy going. This is a It exists In the vast woodlands which are one Jones' column of February 1, from the lot better. of Western North Carolina's most precious But in the meantime, we have heated the possessions. It lives In Scouting and wood Washington Evening Star: economy up until the dollar ls in real danger. lands recreation. It continues in the well SLIPSHOD AGE DESERVES WARNING Prices and wages have been leaping far ahead being of his adopted city. He w111 be remem The other day I walked into a hotel room of any improvements in quality or produc bered with honor and affection. 1n the Bahamas. As the bellman set down my tivity. There ls no system of job security or bags the headboard fell off the bed. The new relief that could survive the national bank dresser had a split that extendeC: across two ruptcy of a runaway 1n.tlat1on, and the con drawers. The bathtub fixtures, punched sequences of a busted dollar would be crudely through the wall, hadn't even been catastrophic to the whole Free World. CUYAHOGA COUNTY JOINT VET So we've got to cool it. Even our most ERANS TO SALUTE MAUSSER anchored. An hour later the marbled grand foyer was blocked while workmen tried to profl.igate of governments has been driven to stanch rain pouring through the roof. impose a surtax. It would be naive to assume HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN All this for only $40 a day. that the building boom can be sustained Not long ago I was talking to an old friend with a 7 percent prime rate and $9-an-hour OF OHIO in his auto showroom. plumbers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "I used to be a car dealer," he said. "Now This, then, would seem to be the strategic Monday, February 3, 1969 I seem to spend most of my time running the moment to get a reputation !or being an final assembly line. You have no idea of the Honest John and a Willing Willie. When cus Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, on Mon condition In which some of our new cars tomers get picky-as they w111-and when day, February 3, 1969, Daniel Mausser, arrive. Knobs falling off, floating chrome the frantic Help Wanted signs come down, a prominent Cleveland community strips, sloppy painting, even important link reputation will become important once again. leader, will be honored by the Cuyahoga ages involving the safety of the vehicle that The wind will blow most gently on the County Joint Veterans' Commission. just seem to have been hurled together. manufacturer who has pushed quality con Perhaps this 1s the natural fallout of "full trol, the merchant swift to act upon com It is most fitting that this singular employment." In spite of joblessness among plaints, the reliable repairman and the em honor which has been bestowed only four the hard core It has been a !act that almost ploye who ls cherished by the boss. times in the past 31 years be presented anyone who is wllllng to show up and not to Mr. Mausser in recognition of his ac walk off before quitting time can command complishments in the field of public a wage. relations. Mr. Mausser has worked for, If a man ls fl.red It is usually a short stroll GOV. W. AVERELL HARRIMAN and with, veterans, ethnic, and minority down the street to another wage. And in groups for many years in Cleveland and shops where unions are both strong and militant the fl.ring of even the laziest or most elsewhere. His tireless efforts to help Incompetent employe has never been so haz HON. WAYNE N. ASPINALL bring mankind together in harmony to ardous to the boss, for the local can "fine" OF COLORADO solve problems should be an example for him many thousands of dollars by pulling IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES all of us who consider ourselves good a wildcat strike. Wednesday, January 29, 1969 Americans. But you can't point fingers at labor only. Under leave granted, I insert the fol The fault goes right on up to the paneled Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I am lowing article which appeared in the executive suites, vice presidents, engineers, pleased to join with my colleagues, under Plain Dealer: chemists, accountants, college professors the leadership of Congressman BINGHAM, every educated skill or management experi JOINT VETS To SALUTE MAUSSER ence that ls in short supply has bred it.a of New York, in giving a personal word A "citation of appreciation and merit" will quota of prima donnas, job-jumpers, go-to of appreciation to Gov. W. Averell Har be presented Monday to Daniel L. Mausser, hell hounds and stock-option hawks. Most of riman for his outstanding work in behalf 16337 Brewster Road, Cleveland Heights, by us are getting pretty greedy. of his fellow men in his State, the Nation, the Cuyahoga County Joint Veterans' Com- We've been cheating each other. and the world. 245'8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 No one has given more unselfishly of Fourth. Eliminate the $100 dividend economy, it is now helping to overheat his talents for the benefit of mankind exclusion, by which taxpayers with stock an already inflated economy, as well as than has Governor Harriman and all of holdings get their first $100 of dividends costing some $3 billio~ annually in tax us are his debtors for the opportunity to tax free. This benefit is not available to income. share his outstanding capabilities and the average person, whose savings are Mr. Speaker, for so long as these loop his dedication to public service. in bank accounts or savings bonds. Tax holes stay in our income tax law as ave I am privileged to say thank you, Gov loss to the Government through this nues for tax escape for the very-large ernor Harriman. loophole has been estimated at $150,000,- income group at the expense of the ordi 000. nary middle-class workman, I will op Fifth. Eliminate the multiple-corpora pose the continuance of the 10-percent TAX REFORM tion gimmick, which permits large cor surtax and any tax increase that falls porations to be split into a number of unfairly and most heavily upon wage HON. WILLIAM D. FORD smaller corporations, for the purpose of earners. We should take note of the OF MICHIGAN evading full taxation. This loophole cost statement of outgoing Secretary of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Treasury $200,000,000 annually, Treasury, Joseph W. Barr, before the Sixth. Remove the tax exemption on Joint Economic Committee on January Monday, February 3, 1969 municipal industrial development bonds, 17 that we face an incipient "taxpayers Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, which subsidize plan.t construction for revolt" unless we take care of these loop I have introduced legislation to bring large corporations that are fully capable holes. the issue of tax reform before Congress. of financing the costs themselves. Clos And I now urge the Congress to take ing this loophole would bring in at least heed of the growing demand throughout $50 million a year. the Nation for quick and decisive action Seventh. Establish a municipal bond McCULLOCH URGES CENSUS on this long-neglected problem. guarantee corporation to guarantee REFORM I am cosponsor of H.R. 5250, "The State and local bonds against default, Tax Reform Act of 1969." This bill pre and pay an interest subsidy sufficient sents a 13-point program to eliminate to reduce interest payments by one-third. HON. WILLIAM M. McCULLOCH loopholes which each year cost the Fed This would discourage the issuance of OF OHIO eral Government more than $9 billion tax-exempt State and municipal bonds, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in tax income, and at the same time dis which are purchased primarily by high Monday, February 3, 1969 tribute the burden of Federal income tax income persons as a tax-savings device. unfairly on the ordinary wage earner. Estimated savings-$900 million. Mr. McCULLOCH. Mr. Speaker, the The new administration has indicated Eighth. Reduce the oil depletion al 1970 census will contain over 120 ques that it will seek to have the IO-percent lowance from 27~ percent to 15 percent, tions, all compulsory, many infringing surcharge extended past the original and the mineral depletion allowance on personal privacy, unless action is termination date of next June 30. It is from 23 percent to 15 percent. These de taken to change present law. I am today unfair to the American taxpayer to con pletion allowances permit big oil corpo introducing legislation to repeal crim tinue this "temporary" tax when we can rations to pay Federal income taxes of inal penalties attached to all but subjects raise an equal sum of money simply by only 4 and 5 percent, and some oil com essential to counting the population. closing some of the loopholes in our pres panies with multi-million-dollar incomes The American people should not be ent tax laws. have used this loophole to avoid payment faced with a $100 fine or 60 days in jail Closing these loopholes would result of any Federal income tax. Reduction of if they decline to reveal some overly per in the collection of this money from the depletion allowances to 15 percent sonal information about themselves and those who have been avoiding their fair would mean a revenue gain of nearly a their households. I see no justification share of taxes for years, rather than from billion dollars a year. for the mandatory requirement that the low- and middle-income taxpayers Ninth. Establish similar rates for gift forces all citizens to provide such infor who are already staggering under the and estate taxes. The present law sets a mation as first, income, dollar by dollar, burden of taxes at all levels. gift tax rate 25 percent lower than estate from all sources including public assist Joseph W. Ba.rr, former Secretary of taxes, which permits wealthy persons to ance, alimony, unemployment and dis the Treasury, reported la.st month that give away some of their holdings during ability insurance, pensions and invest 155 Americans with adjusted gross in their lifetime and thus reduce their es ments; second, the value of property or comes of over $200,000, including 21 tate taxes. This reform would mean $150 the amount of rent paid; third, educa whose income exceeded $1 ,000,000, paid million in additional Federal revenues. tional, marital, employment, and military no income tax at all in 1967. This was Tenth. Eliminate payment of estate history; fourth, with whom bathroom made possible by the loopholes that we taxes by redemption of Government and kitchen facilities are shared; fifth, are seeking to eliminate in H.R. 5250. bonds at face value. The treasury loses a long list of household items including Thousands of other wealthy persons $50 million a year through this little dishwasher, television, radios, automo and corporations pay relatively low tax known gimmick, which is used only by biles, and second home; and sixth, where rates because of these unfair "gimmicks" wealthy families with large estates. each person and his parents were born. and glaring inequities in our tax laws. Eleventh. Limit the use of farm losses The constitutional purpose of the de The bill which I am cosponsoring has to offset other income. wealthy persons cennial census is to count the people re the following provisions: use "hobby farms" with no intention of sulting in the equitable apportionment First. Provide for taxation of capital making money from them, and then use of the U.S. House of Representatives but gains upon death, to prevent wealthy their loss to reduce the tax rate on their the planned 1970 census extends far be persons from passing large amounts of regular income. This is not only a $400 yond this objective. I am pleased to join accumulated wealth to their heirs, with million annual drain on the Treasury, with over 100 of my colleagues who want out payment of capital gains tax. This but it provides unfair competition for all questions on a voluntary basis except would increase Federal revenues by an genuine farmers who depend on farming name, address, age, sex, head of house estimated $2 .5 billion annually. for their livelihood. hold and persons in the home at the Second. Eliminate the unlimited char Twelfth. Eliminate the accelerated time of the census, which are essential to itable deduction, a little-known device depreciation on speculative real estate, the enumeration of population. The Gov used by millionaires which costs the a loophole that permits real estate spec ernment will get better public coopera Federal Government some $60,000,000 a ulators to reduce their income tax pay tion if it asks rather than demands year in tax income. ments by surprisingly large amounts. answers from our citizens. The Census Third. Eliminate the special tax treat Repeal of this gimmick would bring in Bureau missed some 5.7 million people ment on stock options, which enables top an estimated $150 million annually. in 1960 which must not be repeated if we executives of large corporations to pay Thirteenth. Repeal the 7-percent in are to properly redistrict congressional taxes on part of their incomes at low vestment tax credit, which permits busi seats, apportionment of State legisla capital gains rate, rather than the full ness firms to subtract, from their tax tures and in distribution of billions of income tax rate. This loophole deprives bills, 7 percent of the value of certain dollars in Federal assistance to the States the Government of an estimated $150,- new equipment installed during the year. based on a population formula. I believe 000,000 a year. Originally intended to stimulate the a largely voluntary and hopefully more February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2459 simplified census will lend to a more livery and the air-mall rate of 10¢ eliminated I RISE IN DEFENSE OF MY complete count of our people. completely? COUNTRY'S WEALTH Yes ( ) No. ( ) (7) Do you f avor a partial dismantling of DATELINE WASHINGTON: REPORT the Office of Economic Opportunity with a HON. JULIA BUTLER HANSEN transfer of the :nore successful antipoverty ED OF WASHINGTON FROM YOUR CONGRESSMAN, programs into the regular Cabinet-level De ESHLEMAN partments? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yes ( ) No. ( ) Monday, February 3, 1969 ( 8 ) Do you believe that the use of tax HON. EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN credits as an incentive for private industry Mrs. HANSEN of Washington. Mr. OF P~NSYLVANIA to help in solving social problems is prefer Speaker, I rise in defense of my country's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able to eXPanding Federal Government pro wealth. grams in the social field. The use of tax Monday, February 3, 1969 After a study of the 1970 budget, I find credits would allow private industry a tax we are failing to make the proper in Mr. ESHLEMAN. Mr. Speaker, during break on money It expends for social better vestment in our natural resources; we the 90th Congress, I found it worthwhile ment. Yes ( ) No. ( ) are creating a "national natural re to poll periodically the opinions of my (9) Do you favor reforming the Electoral sources debt" and calling it economy. constituents on a variety of national College system which we now use to select Savings, in this disguise, are a loss. issues. I intend to use questionnaires our Presiden ts? The point of my statement today is throughout the 9lst Congress as a means Yes ( ) No. ( ) this: We must increase the budget for of sampling the views of the people I am (10) Regardless of t he type of electoral natural resources development and pro privileged to represent. The text of the reform that may be enacted, would you favor a second runoff election process instead of tection; and we must remove all ceilings, first of those questionnaires is as fol except that of commonsense, on person lows: the House choosing the President ? Yes ( ) No. ( ) nel in the Department of the Interior. DATELINE WASlllNGTON: REPORT FROM YOUR (11) Should the United States adopt a This is not a partisan chall.enge I am CONGRESSMAN, ED ESHLEMAN more "evenhanded " approach to t he prob issuing, for I am one who fights only to (1) Vietnam continues to be our most seri lems in the Middle East which would con build the Nation, and I fear our country ous foreign problem. Consider each of the tinue support of Israel but also would at is in jeopardy. No aggressor would have following statements and check the one that tempt to better our relations with various most closely resembles your own opinion receptive Arab nations? to use armed might to destroy us; we about U.S. policy. Yes ( ) No. ( ) could do it to ourselves by depleting our (a) The United States should withdraw all Please return to : natural resources. of its troops from Vietnam and let South Hon. Edwin D. Eshleman, As an example, the budget we have and North Vietnam settle the whole issue by 1009 Longwort h Building, received does not adequately provide for themselves. Agree ( ) Washington, D.C. 20515. good forest management and replenish (b} The United States should resume the Name and address not required. bombing of North Vietnam and try to get a ment of our fish resources. Name ------ The U.S. Forest Service reports we are mllltary settlement of the conflict. Agree ( ) Address ------ (c) The United States should pursue a ------Zip Code------importing 13 percent of the lumber we policy similar to the present one of limited use. Future prospects are even more fighting while negotiating. Agree ( ) bleak, for tree planting and forest man (d) The United States should assume a JESSE P. WOLCOTT agement practices are limited by budget more forceful role in the Paris peace talks, ing restrictions. In order to have suffi but begin a gradual withdrawal of troops cient lumber by the year 2000, the trees from Vietnam. Agree ( ) HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON must be in the ground now. The critical (e) The United States should let South OF ILLINOIS Vietnam do most of the talking in Paris, and lumber shortage in America today is also turn most of the fighting over to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES linked directly to poor forest manage South Vietnamese. Agree ( ) Wednesday, January 29, 1969 ment and lack of visionary planting dur (f) The United States should negotiate ing the 1920's. with the North Vietnamese strictly about Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. questions involving troop withdrawals and Speaker, I regret that I was not present We are importing 71 percent of the let the South Vietnamese work out a po in the Chamber last week when my dis fish products we consume. Salmon litical settlement with the Viet Cong. tinguished colleague, the gentleman from hatched this year will be ready for eat Agree ( ) Michigan (Mr. HARVEY) led in the ing in 4 years. Yet our hatcheries are not (g) None of the above, but my own tributes which were expressed to the life being fully funded. thoughts as follows: These are perilous and unnecessary (2) Some changes in Social Security are and service of the late Jesse P. Wolcott, a likely to be considered in the 9lst Congress. former Member of this body from the steps down the road of unbalanced pay Which one of the following proposals might State of Michigan. I wish to take this ments. you favor? opportunity to record my appreciation While we are skimping in investments (a) Provide for automatic cost-of-living for the record of public service which in natural resources, the Soviet Union adjustments to Social Security benefits. Mr. Wolcott compiled during his life is increasing its emphasis on natural re Agree ( ) time and to express my condolences to sources. (b) Increase benefits overall by 13 percent the members of his family. and raise the minimum amount received These economies are going to cost us from $55 a month to $80. Agree ( ) As the chairman of the important bitterly. Our savings, based on these (c) Both of the above. Agree ( ) House Committee on Banking and Cur premises, are false. Less than 1 percent (d) None of the above. Agree ( ) rency, Mr. Wolcott left his creative im of the Federal budget, an inadequate (3) Are you In favor of the Congress allow print on some of the major legislation amount, goes toward natural resources. ing the recommendations of the President's enacted by the Congress, particularly in Salary Commission to take effect? Those rec Let there be no mystery; the only place the field of housing. It was obvious from meaningful savings are possible is in de ommendations would raise Congressional sal the many tributes paid to him the other aries from $30,000 to $42,500 per year, su day by those who had the opportunity fense. preme Court salaries from $39,500 to $60,000 I am well aware of the fact that we are and Cabinet salaries from $35,000 to $60,000. of serving with him that he was not only respected as a legislator but beloved for fighting a war and I want it to be abun Yes ( ) No. ( ) dantly clear; every American in combat (4) Do you believe that the Postal Serv his personal qualities of steadfastness ice should be reorganized and converted Into and courage. He was extremely knowl has my unqualified support. There a Government-owned, nonprofit corporation? edgeable about those matters within the should be no hesitation in support of Yes ( ) No. ( ) jurisdiction of his committee, and en them. (5) Our economic experts seem to f eel that joyed the respect and high regard of But when those servicemen return the income tax surcharge must be extended Members on both sides of the aisle. Al home, they must find preserved land and at least unttl the Vietnam War expenses be though the record of his life has now enriched environment. come less. Would you favor such an exten According to the Bureau of the Budget, sion based upon Vietnam needs? been closed, his accomplishments as a Yes ( ) No. ( ) dedicated American and a distinguished from 1965 through next fiscal year, this (6) Should the first class postage rate be legislator survive as an integral and liv Nation will have spent $419.5 billion for raised to 7¢ with a guarant ee of air-mall de- ing part of the history of our times. defense. Of that amount, during these 2460 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 6 years, $108.5 billion was for special sup Q. How much have we increased outlays Q. How much have we increased outlays port of Southeast Asia. for housing activities since the Vietnam war for education since the Vietnam war esca During the same period, according to escalated? lated? A. In many community development and A. Federal education programs serve two the Budget Bureau, the gross outlays for housing programs, outlays are not a good main purposes: to support education per se, natural resources was $19.9 billion. Be measure of Federal activity. Housing con and to draw upon the resources of educa cause of some $8.5 billion in revenues struction is begun, or projects to better the tional institutions as a means of advancing from the sale or leasing of resources urban environment are started, on the basis knowledge and achieving other national ob owned by the Federal Government, the of commitments-which include contracts jectives. Outlays for the first are included net outlay was $11.4 billion. :for loan insurance. grants, loans, or annual payments for low- and moderate-income in the "education and manpower" function o! Following are some interesting figures housing. Moreover, in some years sales of the budget; outlays for the second are in supplied by the Bureau of the Budget, to Government-held mortgages (or participa cluded in other functions, including national gether with my questions: tion certificates involving them) have pro defense. Outlays for each are as follows: Q. How much have we spent for Vietnam duced the anomaly of negative outlays. Out [Dollar amounts in billions[ since the confilct there escalated? lays for community development and hous A. Outlays for "special support of South ing are shown below, as requested, along east Asia" began in fiscal 1965. The record ls With data on publicly assisted housing starts, Other as follows: which are a better measure of Federal activi Aids to educational !Dollar amounts in billions! ties in housing. Fiscal year education activities Total Outlays for- 1964 ______Outlays for $1.6 $1.8 $3.1 community Publicly Special development assisted 1965 ______support of 1966 ______1.6 2.1 3.6 and housing housing 2.9 2.8 5. 7 Southeast (billions of starts 1967 ______Fiscal year Asia 1 1968 ______4.4 3.1 7.5 Fiscal year dollars) (thousands) 5.0 3.8 8.8 4.8 4.2 9. 0 5.3 4.5 9.8 !~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::------$(>:i- ~t~ 1964 ______-0.2 43 !~i ~::::~:::t::::::: 56 8 . 3 59 Tota l, 1965-70 ____ 24.0 20. 5 44. 4 mL::::::::::::::::::::::::: • !~:::::::::::::::::::::::: 2.6 49 Annual increase be- 1968______2U26.8 ~~j 1967- ______2. 6 51 1969( r t > 29 2 81.0 1968 ______tween 1964 and 1970: 4.1 159 Billions ot dollars ___ 4.0 2. 7 6. 7 2.3 225 Percent______307. 7 150.0 216. l 191oc:~:~:t:,:::::::::::::::::::__ 2_5·_. 1 ___ 8_1._5 !~ij ~::li~:l:L:::::::::::: 2. 8 500 Total, 1965-70______108. 5 419. 5 Annual increase between 1964 and 14.7 1,043 Q . How much have we increased outlays 1970: Annuaf r:~)ei:!tJ~-eenW64-- Billions of dollars______25. 7 27. 9 and 1970: for health activities since the Vietnam War Percent______(•) 52. 2 Billions of dollars or thousands of starts ______escalated? Percent______3.0 457 (1) 1,062. 8 A. Federal outlays for health cover a Wide • Includes a small amount of economic assistance classified in uinternational affairs and finance." range of activities. They are summarized • Not available. • Not available. below: [Dollar amounts in billionsJ Development of health resources Provision of services Prevention Facilities and control tra~~~~~c~d construction Direct of health rascal year education and other Total services Indirect' Total problems Total 1964 ______$1.4 $0.4 $1.8 $2.0 $0.9 $2.9 $0.4 $5.1 1965 ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1966 ______1.4 .4 I. 8 2. 0 .9 2.9 .4 5. 2 1967 ______1.6 .4 2. 0 2.2 1.3 3.5 .5 5.9 1968 ______2. 0 . 5 2. 4 2.6 5. 3 7.8 .5 10.8 2. 2 .6 2.8 2. 7 8.0 10.8 .6 14.1 2.3 . 7 3.1 2.9 9. 6 12.5 • 7 16.3 !~i~:::::::L ______2.6 .9 3.5 3.0 11.0 14.0 .8 18. 3 ------70.6 Tot a I ln~~~s!:~e~n 1964--70:------12.0 3. 5 15. 5 15. 4 36.1 51. 5 3.5 Dollars ______13.2 1.2 . 5 1.7 1.0 10.0 11.1 .4 Percen'------88. l lll.2 93.6 52.0 1,077.0 381.3 104.6 258. 2 • Mostly medicare and medicaid. Q. How much have we increased outlays Q. How much have we increased outlays A. Federal outlays for public works activi for natural resources since the Vietnam War for public works since the Vietnam War es ties during the period 1964-70 (fiscal years) escalated? calated? were as follows: A. There was a decrease in net outlays !or natural resources programs between 1964 and [Dollar amounts in billlonsJ 1970 because of a sharp increase in receip.ts from the sale or leasing of resources owned by the Federal Government. Gross outlays Direct Federal construction continued to increase ·throughout the period. Fiscal year Civil Defense Total Grants Net lending Total Both net and gross outlays are shown below: 1964 ______!Dollar amounts in billions] $2. 7 $1.3 $4. 0 $4. 2 $0.1 $8.3 1965 ______2. 8 I. 4 4. 2 4.6 .2 8. 9 Net Gross 1966 ______1967 ______3. 0 1.7 4. 7 4. 4 .3 9.4 Fiscal year outlays outlays 2. 8 1. 7 4. 5 4. 7 • 4 9.6 1968 ______2.5 1.5 4. 0 5. 3 .3 9. 5 2. 4 I. 9 4. 3 5. 4 .3 10. 0 1964______$2. 0 $2. 6 rnn ~::::~:::t::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2. 6 1.8 4. 3 6. 5 .3 11.1 1965______2. 1 2.8 Total, 1965-70 ______16. 0 9.9 25. 9 30. 9 1.7 58.5 1966______2. 0 3. 1 Annual Increase between 1964 and 1970: 1967______1. 9 3. 3 Billions of dollars ______-.I .5 . 3 2. 3 .2 2.8 1968______1. 7 3. 5 Percent__---- ______-5. 1 34. 5 8.2 54.3 126. 8 33.3 !~i ~:~:~:l:L::::::::::::::___ !_J ___ t_~ Total, 1965-70______11.4 19. 9 Mr. Speaker, we have limited employ- foreign visitors will visit our parks this Annual increase between 1964 and 1970: ment in the Park Service. Yet, according year than were present last year. We are Billions of dollars ______. __ Percent______-$.1 $1.1 to page 33 of the Budget in Brief, fl.seal placing more land into public protec- -4.1 42. 4 1970, 56 million more Americans and tion-but are providing inadequate per- February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS sonnel to see that the trust of the Ameri Indicative of Dr. Hayakawa's approach is any social or educational justification for to the problem is this excerpt from his trying to Inaintain a student ethnic com can people is kept through sound public position in direct proportion to that of the land protection and service. prepared statement before the subcom area or the state, but I do believe that we Let me explain to you what it means to mittee: must do more to increase opportunities for limit the number of employees in the I believe that I have introduced something minority and disadvantaged groups, even at U.S. Forest Service. It means that trees- new to this business of preserving order on the expense of additional teachers and coun that is, lumber for homes in the year campuses. At most institutions the use of selors to assist these young people. police is delayed as long as possible and when 2000-will not be planted. Instead, har A PORTRAIT OF THE FACULTY assistance is finally requested, the force is vested timberland will lie bare. usually too small to handle the situation and San Francisco State College has long been We have seen in California the havoc new troubles develop. I went the other way. known for its liberal and interesting faculty. caused by unsound geological practices I had ample force available and demon It is a college that operated successfully for and limited consideration of the forces strated a wlll1ngness to use it quickly to pro years with fewer rules and regulations than of weather and nature. It has cost lives, tect people and property from attack. The most any institution or higher education. untold millions of dollars, besides grief opposition has received my message. I think Academic freedom has been a way of life I have communicated successfully. and an incentive to attract exciting stu and suffering. dents and professors. This atmosphere may Yet, in our budget we are thinking of On February 17 San Francisco State have had something to do with the rise of less than $100 million for the U.S. Geo College is scheduled to begin its spring faculty militancy and the close relationship logical Survey to do its job-studying the semester. Dr. Hayakawa stated in a TV between some extremely liberal faculty mem bers and students who became leaders of crust of the planet. appearance yesterday that there is a -militant or ultra-liberal groups. Last year, during my subcommittee "reasonable chance" that the school The faculty is represented in many ways hearings, I warned what budget cuts would open and that it would complete through professional groupings and by a would do to our national resources. These its academic year. senate which sets academic policy for the slim investments, by order of the Bureau The recent experience of San Fran institution. Our senate is only about five of the Budget, are exerting unhealthy cisco State in dealing with the militants' years old and still experiencing growing pressures on our resources and our econ program of disruption provides an object pains. omy of tomorrow. We are not keeping Generally, administrative control over the lesson for educators and administrators faculty cannot be described as dictatorial a sacred trust that we owe posterity. in other institutions of learning, and for in the least, despite the present clamor over So-called economies of last year set that reason I place Dr. Hayakawa's pre the state law which says that anyone who the stage for this weak 1970 budget. As I pared statement before the House Spe absents himself without leave for five con understand things, the new administra cial Subcommittee on Education in the secutive days is considered to have resigned. tion is studying the budget and may be RECORD at this point: The faculty has autonomy in essential mat ters, such as hiring, retention, tenure and suggesting changes. I urge sharp in PREPARED STATEMENT OF DR. S . I . HAYAKAWA, promotion. The president cannot even fire a creases in these investments in the fu PRESIDENT, SAN FRANCISCO STATE COLLEGE faculty member. He can only recommend ac ture of our resources. The limitation on INTRODUCTION tion to the Chancellor. personnel for our parks, forests, and oth San Francisco State College, earlier known Basically, the turnover rate is low. For the er essential functions concerning our as San Francisco State Teachers' College, be last few years, our faculty turnover rate has resources must be lifted. gan as a teacher's training institution just been below the rate of the state college Mr. Speaker, we must put the neces before the turn of the century. It began to system as a whole. sary money back into our budget and offer bachelor's degrees in primary, elemen A relatively small segment of the faculty be prepared to defend these increases. tary and junior high school teaching in the is close to the small segment of the stu It is our Nation which is at stake. I urge 1920s. Since 1935, the institution has been dents who are the militant or dissident called San Francisco State College, with leadership. This is a strange alllance. I be the support of my colleagues, the ad broad programs in the liberal arts and lieve that some faculty may be radicals and ministration, and all Americans to assist sciences to supplement the professional work may develop close association with radical us in this vital effort. in education. In 1945, the state authorized students because of professional inade a five-year program for the general second quacies. For example, a faculty member who ary credential and by 1949, the graduate pro is not considered to be a strong scholar gram was extended to grant the Master's de among his peers may seek recognition from STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT S. I. gree. students. Then there are at least a few, I HAYAKAWA, OF SAN FRANCISCO The majority of our liberal arts students am sure, who are dedicated revolutionaries. come from the San Francisco Bay area. Our We do know that there is a certain amount STATE COLLEGE creative arts school, with an excellent reputa of coaching of radical students by radical tion in drama, fllin, television and music, faculty but I think we have reached the draws from the entire country and abroad. point where the students have much to HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Our education school draws from a wide area teach their tutors. The relationship of the OF OHIO of the state. faculty to the admlnlstration is one of those IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our students are not rich. Seventy-five strange bureaucratic arrangements. Some percent or more work full or part time to pay teachers are professional politicians within Monday, February 3, 1969 their way through college. The average age the institution, very close to administrators Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, today is between 24 and 25 years, with a substan at all levels, influencing decisions, carrying the Special Subcommittee on Education tial number of married students who carry messages and frequently contributing of the House Education and Labor Com full loads and work at outside jobs. Of our worthwhile feedback of general faculty opin 18,000 undergraduate and graduate students, ion. Then there are some on our campus mittee began hearings relating to legis only 800 live in the two campus dormitories. and every other campus-who ignore the lation which comes within the jurisdic An additional 800 will be housed when the administration completely as they come and tion of the subcommittee. Testifying third dormitory is available later this year. go from home to the classroom, laboratory before the subcomittee today was Dr. S. About 3,500 students received money under and library. Our strongest ties between the I. Hayakawa, the third president of San federal aid programs. Dr. Helen Bedesem, the administration and the faculty stem from Francisco State College in less than 12 college financial aids officer, has detailed in the Council of Academic Deans, which in formation on the entire a.id picture. This is cludes all school deans and administrative months and the eighth president of that deans working under the academic vice pres beleaguered institution in the last 10 one area I cannot discuss with any great degree of competence since my major effort ident. This is the body of experience, rea years. The disruptive antics of various in eight weeks as president has been to re son, intelligence and total college concern radical groups have succeeded in keep store order and to keep classrooms open for that any president will rely on for sound ing the State college in the headlines those who wish to teach and to study. advice and good counsel. The deans are close during the past few months, and with The ethnic composition, unfortunately, to their department chairmen who, in most the help of police protection Dr. Haya does not reflect either the statewide or the cases, are close to their departmental !acuity kawa has succeeded in keeping the school area figure. It includes something in the area members. open to complete the first semester. The of 3.6 % Negro and a total of 15-17% non Our administration is one of the problems white. The Negro percentage is down from an In the sense that it needs additional man hard-nosed handling of the dispute by estimated 11 % a decade a.go, in part because power. We have excellent men in every key the president has won the support and of the growth of the junior colleges and in position, but the budget does not allow for admiration of many citizens throughout part because the college entrance standards assistance of equal calibre. Thus, when a the country who are seriously concerned worked to the disadvantage of many non crisis develops, our first line men are com about the attacks upon our centers of white young people whose earlier education pletely occupied. Their routine work suffers learning by extremist elements. suffered deficiencies. I do not believe there and, 1n the case of a prolonged episode like 2462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 our recent 13 weeks, fatigue eventually takes facts, It ls clear that the majority of ;the first, bands of black students entered aca its toll. I imagine the same is true in moot ethnic minority population ls more interested demic bulldlngs to terrorize instructors and other urban colleges and universities and I in education as conducted or proposed by the students by shouting, overturning furniture look for the day when we have time to con college than in the wild plans for educa and just pushing people around. Then we sider some basic reorganization to add tion by mob rule as proposed by our dissi had a rash of minor bombing attempts and strength in numbers at the top. Our admin dent students. arson intended to frighten rather than to istrative turnover is exceedingly low consid Some militants are genuine in their de damage. For example, on one day, we had ering what the college h as experienced in re sire to improve the educational system. But fifty fires, all in waste baskets, on desk tops cent years-low except in the office O! presi it is also clear that some mmtants, especial or in rest rooms, so the results would disrupt dent. As you may know, I am the third ly in the Black Students Union, are more classes rather than to destroy bulldlngs. president in less than 12 months, the eighth concerned with personal power than with After the white and Third World mmtants in ten years. This is another story and one education. We saw evidence of this in the joined the BSU, which was only a matter of that probably has had some effect on admin very first press conference the BSU con a few days, the action took on more massive istration functions. I have not had time to ducted on November 6, the first day of the proportions and for a time, we had a com analyze the effects of frequent presidential strike. The leaders said boldly that their bination of guerilla tactics and mob action. changes. real objective was to seize power. They have Every midday in December, there was an out never wavered from this plan. They have door rally, usually resulting in attacks on A PORTRAIT OF STUDENT UNREST GROUPS never attempted to hide their real purposes. one or more of the classroom buildings. We have several white radical or ultra What is unfortunate ls that some many well The people who deplore the use of police Uberal groups. Their numbers total some meanlng supporters of increased opportunity on campus seem to forget that the first days thing around 300 when their allies are mo for black students have attached different of this strike saw violence introduced by the bilized. Their central control ls probably meanings to the struggle. The people on the students themselves as essential to their vested In less than 50 people. These 50 or so fringes are the ones saying the noble things plan. The college use of police was a response are dedicated, experienced and effective in about opportunity and progress. The BSU to violence, not the cause. What we have suc the field of organizing or disruption. And to leaders keep saying they want absolute con ceeded in doing ls to move the action from the answer a question In advance, we cannot trol, with no accountability to anyone ex classroom to the space between buildings and ,111minate any of these people without exer cept their constituents, constituents ruled from there to the streets surrounding the ..:ising due process, which includes finding by force, intimidation, and gangster tactics. campus. For weeks now, the classrooms and them guilty of offenses. Recent events may The white mllltants are as explicit as the the inner campus have been quiet and safe. have helped to solve our problem since most blacks. Their story is now familiar on every I believe that I have introduced some if not all of the white activist leaders have major campus. They believe our society is thing new to this business of preserving been arrested at least once ea.ch. so corrupt that there is no hope except to order on campuses. At most institutions the Of our 800 or 900 black students, I would destroy the entire structure and rebuild from use of police ls delayed as long as possible estimate that less than 100 have been in the ground up. But their idea of rebulldlng and when assistance ls finally requested, the volved in the recent disruptions, although along the lines of a participatory democ force ls usually too small to handle the sit many more attend rallies under pressure racy ls to deny the very freedoms they claim uation and new troubles develop. I went the from their leaders. The bravest young people are sacred. We have seen them In action. In other way. I had ample force available and on our campus are the non-violent young their system, there ls no more room for de demonstrated a wlllingness to use it quickly black students who keep on attending classes bate than at a Nazi rally In the days of to protect people and property from attack. at the risk of physical attack from black Adolf Hitler. If you doubt this, try defend The opposition has received my message. I militants and in the face of distrust on the ing the American commitment In Vietnam at think I have communicated successfully. part of the majority of white students. I have an SD.S. meeting. During my eight weeks in office, my prin praised these young people before in public We are asked frequently whether channels cipal action has been to restore order. But I and appreciate the opportunity to repeat my of communications are open to students. I would not want anyone to believe that I feelings of admiration for them today. cannot think of a college or university In think this ls the solution for campus unrest. There ls an important difference between this country where the channels are more It is merely a first step. This Is where my black and white activists. Generally speaking, open. Many Imaginative proposals for changes beliefs vary from those of many of the con the black students are fighting for a place in In education and administration have re servative supporters who have communicated society. White activists, such as the Students sulted from the abillty of our students to with me. Several things must be accom for a Democratic Society, are fighting to de present new Ideas to their professors, de plished if we are to end the present trend stroy the society, even though they have partments, schools and presidents. We have toward confrontation and violence. First, we nothing better to propose as a substitute. It supported a large experimental program for must reassess many of our educational ob is only during periods of particular kinds of years, allowing for experimental courses jectives and administrative systems. We must strife that both groups find enough In com within the regular structure of the depart modernize quickly and on a vast scale to mon to join forces as they have on our cam ments and additionally through the Experi make the entire system more responsive to pus this year. And when they do join together mental College operated on the campus, the times and to the needs of our young the bonds are weak. The alllance is to execute usually in the evenings, with unlimited op people. Second, we must look realistically at tactics, not to achieve common objectives. portunities for either students or faculty problems of discipline and devise systems The Third World Liberation Front ls rela to try new modes of teaching or to experi that will work without resorting to outside tively new. It was meant to include all the ments with new subject matter. Most of the help. We must eventually put campus dis non-white and non-black minorities. It is courses now Included In the black studies cipline in the hands of responsible faculty supposed to unite the oppressed peoples of program were first tested through the co and student groups who will work coopera the world; it is said to be the rallying point operation of wllllng faculty and administra tively with administrations for the greater for victims of both capitalism and commu tors. good of institutions. Our faculty and nism. Since Its formation on our campus last The people we are forced to deal with in student disciplinary systems are not geared April, the Third World has been dominated the present crlsls--people trying to seize for today's problems. by a handful of Spanish-speaking students power or to destroy the Institution-have In a sense, the issues behind most present who claim to represent the much larger Latin used every device to corrupt the channels of troubles are valid. As a nation, we have said and Oriental population of the campus and communication. Their style of confrontation that education ls vital for success for every the community. There ls little evidence to to achieve ends does not allow for free and citizen. Yet we stlll have an overwhelming substantiate this claim. open communication because communica number of elementary and secondary school We have some off-campus agitators in tion In that sense might lead to reason and systems that are crippling the poor and the volved in the present affair. But actually negotiation. minorities educationally. What we see now our home-grown brand need little outside Our present dlfflcultles were not triggered ls a body of Negro, Spanish-speaking and help, except in numbers at those senseless by a specific event, even though the tem other youth hammering on the door for an rallies and endless marches. We have all the porary suspension of Black Panther George opportunity to obtain the education we have militant leadership that ls needed for a first Murray, a part-time instructor and graduate told them is so important to their future. class revolt and I understand that we have student, is often cited as the reason for the If we were dealing with hunger instead of also exported some talent for disruptions at BSU action. The crisis was not triggered at education, you can imagine what would hap other campuses on both coasts. all. It was planned very carefully over a long pen if we had a walled city in which the Dissidents of all colors have worked ex period of time. To lllustrate, the strike citizens had all the food they needed whlle ceedingly hard to build sympathy in ethnic started on the anniversary of the date In outside there were hordes of starving people. communities throughout the area, with the 1967-November 6--when nine black students We could not open the gates just a little to objective of turning a campus problem into attacked the campus newspaper editor and admit handfuls of the starving and expect a much larger community problem. But their his staff In their offices. Many of those nine the rest to remain patient outside. No. We efforts have failed miserably. They have been are the present student strike leaders. would have to be prepared to open the gates able to attract as many as 100 students from From the very first day, our present strike wide and admit everyone, or be prepared for other campuses for a one-day rally and has been characterized by planned violence. a riot. That ls the situation now with higher march. But they have failed completely tc. The objective was to cripple instruction. education. We have opened t h e doors just a attract any large numbers of citizens from There was no attempt to seize bulldings or little with special programs that serve hun the Spanish-speaking, black or Oriental to disrupt the administration. The first ac dreds whlle thousands are clamoring for edu communities of San Francisco. From these tions were directed toward the classroom. At cation. I believe we should open the gates February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2463 fully, even at enormous expense, to provide portant it is for children there to begin NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL: educational opportunity at every level-in the day with sufficient energy for their TECHNOLOGY IN THE SERVICE high schools, adult schools, junior colleges, OF MANKIND state colleges, and the universities-for our demanding school activities. entire minority and poor populations. We This is, to my knowledge, the first time should mobilize the best brains available, that a utility company has undertaken HON. CHARLES H. WILSON Just as we did when the nation attacked our such a breakfast program. Up to 80 chil problems of modern science, to solve an edu dren will be served breakfast in the OF CALIFORNIA cational crisis that means as much to our cafeteria in the phone company head IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES national welfare as our efforts in outer space. quarters. Menus will include cereal, Monday, February 3, 1969 THE RELATIONSHIP OF UNREST TO FEDERAL Am scrambled eggs, bacon, sausage, dough Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. Speak PROGRAMS nuts and muffins, with milk. Federal and Generally, students under a.id programs a.re er, recently the American Broadcasting city funds will be used to reimburse the Co. and North American Rockwell pre not the ones who have caused the troubles. telephone company 22 Y2 cents for each Dr. Bedesem is better qualified to discuss sented an outstanding television pro this matter than I. But from what I under meal served. gram, "Cosmopolis,'' meaning ''world stand after a. preliminary study of records This is a heartwarming example of city," and showing how today's urban still being assembled, there may be upward what can be done when the business sec problems can be transformed, via tech of 100 students receiving a.id under one of the tor seeks to assist in meeting the needs nology, into an urban utopia of tomor many federal programs among those 500 or of the local community. I would like to row. 600 arrested for all causes during the past especiallY commend Mr. Raymond H. thirteen weeks. All people arrested are not Certainly, there is little argument necessarily trouble-makers. Some, as in the Frost, general manager of the New Eng that we must do something to relieve large group arrested at the recent illegal land Telephone & Telegraph Co. for urban congestion and its associated ills rally, were just too close and failed to leave Maine; Mr. Henry C. Adams, operations before man is completely engulfed by when ordered to do so. They are viola.tors staff supervisor for the telephone com the labyrinthine metropolis he has of the law, but their crime is far different pany; and Mr. William Eckerson, former created. There is argument, however, in than being plotters, planners, attackers, or commercial manager for the telephone just how best to solve these manifold arsonists. company. The idea for this imaginative O! the hundreds arrested since November problems. 6, only one has so far been tried by civil program originated with Mr. Eckerson. I In "Cosmopolis,'' ABC and North authorities. He was not e.n a.id recipient. Our would also like to thank Mr. Peter Con American Rockwell presented a dazzling college disciplinary system proved inadequate lon, director of the New England Tele visual and verbal view of the future of for the situation and is being revised to pro phone Co. dining service office in Boston, the city-a hopeful future if the won vide better procedures. During the next few and Mrs. Edith Armstrong, dining serv ders of modern technology coupled with weeks, we will begin hearings on the people ice supervisor in Portland, who have to broad-scale regional planning are who have been arrested as well as on others gether worked hard to make this program who have been involved or cited by college allowed to operate unfettered. Certainly, officials. I can assure this Committee that a success. We are also indebted to the despite the problems of today, it is re the provisions o! Federal law applying to stu members of the Portland Council, Jasper assuring to know that, if this Nation has dents receiving financial aid will be observed C. Keller Chapter, of the Telephone Pi the will, we can find the way to solve faithfully. oneers of America and especially to their the urban dilemma. For, indeed, "the PROGNOSIS president, Mr. Joseph W. Walsh, for as center of man's life should be the source It is not easy at this point to predict the sistance in providing the breakfast serv of his inspiration." course of events on our campus or elsewhere. ices to the children. I would like to close I am proud that North Amerlcan Rock I feel that the danger to the nation and to by thanking my good friends Miss Peggy well, an industrial leader in my con higher education has been vastly underesti mated by a majority of people. Most of the Lee Ragan of the Jackson School and the gressional district, chose to sponsor this news and much of the commentary deals many other persons of the Jackson excellent program. This outstanding with the action rather than the underlying School and the Portland School Board aerospace corporation does not custom causes of dissent and the methods to correct who have worked hard to see that stu arily sponsor commercial television pro obvious ms. dents can begin the day with sufficient grams; indeed, their product cannot be If we are to end campus rebellion without nutrition and energy. I am proud of bought, like a bar of soap, by the aver destroying the educational institutions we my school, the Jackson School, and age consumer-viewer. North American must redirect our energies. We must look be & is consistently in the vang11ard of pub yond the day-to-day combat to the reasons grateful to the New England Telephone underlying this deadly attack on higher edu Telegraph Co. for their cooperation in lic service; it has won wide civic recogni cation. We must learn to deal both with the this wonderful effort. tion for its laudable efforts in the field dedicated revolutionary leaders and the un of labor-management relations and it solved problems that enable those leaders to has made a valuable contribution to the enlist followers. The solution to these prob HON. JESSE P . WOLCOTT development of space-age technology lems will take time, brains and money. This and research. Its 115,000 employees a.re nation ls amply endowed with those re HON. JAMES G. O'HARA all dedicated to harnessing the miracles sources. But we must act promptly and de of science for the benefit of mankind. cisively. OF MICHIGAN The problems of the cities concern IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES North American Rockwell, for it is a A REMARKABLE PROGRAM Wednesday, January 29, 1969 company with a crystal ball: it is vitally Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, it was with interested in the future of America and great sorrow that I learned of the death it is channeling its considerable re HON. PETER N. KYROS of our friend, Jesse P. Wolcott. sources toward meeting the demands OP MAINE Jesse Wolcott served in the House for of that future. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nearly 30 years as the representative of Monday, February 3, 1969 the district I was elected to represent in 1958. His service in the U.S. Congress Mr. KYROS. Mr. Speaker, I would like was outstanding. As the chairman and as AIM TO SWAT INFLATION to take this opportunity to inform my the ranking minority member of the colleagues of a remarkable program Committee on Banking and Currency, he HON. JOE SKUBITZ which has recently been initiated by the won a well-deserved reputation as a New England Telephone & Telegraph Co. OJ' KANSAS leading authority on the matters within IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Portland, Maine. the jurisdiction of that committee. He The telephone company has under was one of the great legislators to serve Monday, February 3, 1969 taken to provide needy children at the in the House of Representatives. Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, according Jackson School, Portland, with a hearty Jesse Wolcott will be missed by all who to figures Just released from the Depart breakfast before the school day begins. I knew him and by all who respect in ment of Commerce, the cost-of-living attended the Jackson School, and I can tegrity, ability, and dedication in our index has again increased. Needless to testify from personal experience how im- country's public service. say, we all are concerned with the prob- 2464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 lem of inflation. The housewife knows all The people of Ukraine have long suf REPORT TO CONSTITUENTS too well how the cost of groceries has fered from the oppression of the Ro greatly increased in the last few years. manoffs, the Hapsburgs, and the Hohen Parents throughout the Nation are faced zollerns who made every effort to destroy HON. JOHN W. BYRNES with the alarming cost increase of pro the national traditions and ideals of the OF WISCONSIN vdding for their families. Without a Ukrainian people. However, these val IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doubt the persons living on social secu iant people have stea dfastly repulsed Monday, February 3, 1969 rity and fixed incomes are find.Ing them every such effort and have sought to selves in a position where they are un preserve their national identity. Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin. Mr. able to escape from the high cost of liv On January 22, 1918, they were able Speaker, under leave to extend my re ing. to announce that their efforts have been marks, I include the following report to The El Dorado Times, a widely successful and that they were establish my constituents: respected newspaper in Kansas, recently ing a free and independent republic. MEMO submitted an editorial which I insert in The history of the Ukraine is one of TAX SYSTEM-Speaking in New York last the RECORD at this time. As the article the great tragedies of our century. week, I called for immediate action to begin states, every effort should be made to Shortly after declaring its independence, the long, hard job of reforming and revising abate the inflationary evil, regardless Ukraine became one of the first victinls the federal tax laws. I suggested this task of political affiliation. proceed along two paths: first, as a long of Soviet Russian conquest. The freedom range program, the initiation of staff studies The editorial referred to follows: which the Ukrainian people so desired leading to a review and revision of the en AIM TO SWAT INFLATION and finally attained was only 3 years in tire Internal Revenue Code, and second, the Best news as yet to come out of the fledg duration. Since then they have been a immediate undertaking by the Ways and ling Nixon administration involves a positive puppet state of the Soviets, the largest Means Committee of a reform of those action against inflation. captive non-Russian nation in all of aspects of the tax law which are being used These tidings came from David M. Ken eastern Europe. to prOduce results not Intended by Congress, nedy, secretary of the Treasury, who said the The plight of over million people or results inconsistent with fairness. I am administration would seek to contain Infla 45 glad to report that the Ways and Means Com tion without bringing about any "unneces is well known to all the Americans. The mittee has agreed to begin this latter, short sary unemployment." freedom-loving people of Ukraine have range task this session. Government officials have always said that not accepted the Soviet Russian domina NEED--One of the results not intended by Inflation, when it gets out of hand, can al tion and have been fighting for the re Congress, for example, is that some 155 tax ways be stopped. We have been doubtful esta blishment of their independence by payers with adjusted incomes over $200,000 about this statement in recent months since all the means accessible to them for the (21 over $1,000,000) pay no t axes at all. This about the only move to that end has been a past 50 years. is done perfectly legally by using well-in hike in the interest rates by the Federal Re tended tax law provisions both to reduce tax serve banks. F r om all the available evidence which able income and to reduce the rates at which Secretary Kennedy gave relief to many could be obtained by Western observers income is taxed. These provisions must be deeply concern~ observers when he volun we can readily see that the ever increas examined and revised. II this kind of situa teered the promise that "we wlll not seek an ing tempo of repression has failed to in tion Is allowed to persist, the whole tax sys answer to our problem by a change in the timidate the Ukrainian people. tem will become victim to a lack of confi monetary price of gold." When he was first Now we are witnessing what may be dence and abuse. interviewed after his appointment was an the final blow to the aspirations of the SIMPLil'Y-I also suggested we could take nounced, many financiers had believed he steps at once to simplify the job of filing might tinker with the gold price--0ausing men and women of central Europe who returns for the average taxpayer. One thing wide speculation. sought national identity and independ that can be done at once is to bring the Asked what measures he would employ to ence in 1918. standard deduction up-to-date. It is now fight inflation, Mr. Kennedy mentioned "tax We are faced with the startling truth set at 10 % of adjusted gross income and it proposals" and control of expenditures. The that the Soviet Union cannot tolerate should be made to conform to the itemized tax proposals, he Indicated, have to do with freedom was confirmed during the past deduction clalnled by the average taxpayer the question of whether the 10 per cent in year with the military invasion of probably to around 18-20%, with the cut-on: come tax surcharge will be maintained or at $10,000 raised to $20,000, perhaps by a not. '"We are going to try to take the steam Czechoslovakia by the Soviet forces. graduated methOd. 57% of the taxpayers use out of the boiler," he said. Czechoslovakia has been able to sustain the standard deduction; our target should be Everybody who read these words must an appearance of freedom and independ 90 %-with a greatly slnlplifled return thus have felt a sense of relief. The rule in the ence since World War II, but events of made possible for all but the most unusual past has been for the government to continue recent days indicate that Czechoslovakia taxpayer. its over-spending while the economy ran may shortly bring to this small nation BUDGET-President Johnson, before leaving wild. That a sincere effort is to be made to the same fate suffered by the Ukrainians office, submitted to Congress a budget which abate the inflationary evil should give the shows a surplus of $2.4 billion for Fiscal public cause for cheer-no matter what nearly 50 years ago. 1969 and $3.4 billion for Fiscal 1970. It is party Is or what brand of polltics any per These events should serve as a re important that we not be misled by this son prefers. minder to everyone that the Communist optimistic estimate. The "surpluses" are The two biggest problems up for settle Soviet Union is and always has been a made possible only by including in the total ment just now are how to end the Vietnam prison for the people of many nations budget the operation of the various federal war, and how to remove the sting of Infla who aspire to be free. trust funds, Including the Social Security tion. Given a successful solution in those trust fund. These funds, of course, are seg particulars, other knotty problems should It is quite fitting that we in this coun regated funds having no bearing upon actual help to solve themselves. try, regardless of our ethnic or cultural government operations which determine Congress, which Is Democratic, should background, pause for a few moments whether the government operates In the red forget Its partisan beliefs in helping to swat in tribute to the Ukrainian people and or not, and how much It will have to bor inflation hard. their never-ending quest for national row. Excluding the trust funds, the actual sovereignty and individual freedom. federal deficits, which must be borrowed, are As Americans, let us never forget that est imated to be $6.9 billion In Fiscal 1969 and the same amount in Fiscal 1970. UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY freedom was the objective for which our POSTMASTERS-In line with my November forefathers fought so hard to achieve for announcement that I would not recommend HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI us. May we in this country be blessed postmaster and rural carrier appointments 01' NEW JERSEY with the many freedoms we enjoy and on a political basis, I have written to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may we in the near future be joined in Postmaster General informing h1m that, those blessings with the peoples of · all should my advice be sought, I will request Monday, February 3, 1969 the nations of the world. that the appointment be given to the high Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, Janu Mr. Speaker, I say again that it has est ranking competitor in an open Civil Serv ice examination. ary 22 is a memorable day in the mem never been in the minds of the Ukrain Ol'FICE HouRS--I will hold district office ory of all Ukrainians of America and ians to accept the domination of the hours In my Green Bay office, 207 Federal the entire world. For it was on that day, Soviet Union and they will continue to Building, on Wednesday, February 12. On 51 years ago, that the people of the fight for their freedom and independence Thursday, February 13, I will be at the Ukr aine have proclaimed their independ as long as there remains any semblance Manitowoc County Court House, and on ence. of hope for these objectives. Friday, February 14, I will be at the Outa- February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2465 gamie County Court House. Hours each day our urban housing crisis and bring happy to be Bob Mitchell's guest, and to will be from 9:00 a.m. to 12 Noon. I hope homeownership-and the civic responsi speak to his Committee of the United States you will stop by if you would like to discuss bility which goes with it-to more of our Savin gs and Loan League. a federal matter. low-income families. WE HAVE ENOUGH HOUSING LAWS FOR THE TIME This is a terribly complex problem. The BEING Congress last year, in the monumental Usually when I appear at a meeting of this kind to talk to people whose interest CONGRESSWOMAN LEONOR K . SUL 1968 Housing Act, provided many new is primarily in the housing field, I try to LIVAN CHALLENGES SAVINGS AND and far-reaching tools to accomplish bring with me a catalogue of issues and LOAN INDUSTRY TO UNDERTAKE this goal. But no one savings and loan proposals pending before the Housing Sub LEADERSHIP ROLE IN SOLVING institution in any city can undertake committee, and to talk about the prospects for further improvements in the Housing THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS the burden by itself of meeting and solv ing the home-financing needs of the ur Laws, and go into some of the specifics about ban poor. The entire industry, however, the amendments I have introduced or the bills I have joined in sponsoring and the HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN working together with definite goals and prospects for their passage. But I did not OF MISSOURI an assigned share of the responsibility, bring such a catalogue with me today, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can do wonders. This was the theme of for a good reason. You see, I am not, at the my talk today. moment, proposing any changes or Improve Monday, February 3, 1969 Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent ments in the Housing Laws. Speaking for Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, as a I submit for inclusion in the CONGRES myself, at least, and I suspect for the other member of the Banking and Currency SIONAL RECORD the text of my remarks Members of the Housing Subcommittee, too, I think that when we finished our labors on Committee and of its Subcommittee on today at a luncheon meeting of the legis housing legislation in the 90th Congress la.st Housing since the start of my second lative committee of the U .S. Savings & August, we did enough for awhile! term in Congress beginning in 1955, I Loan League. The chairman of the com We don't need any new housing laws right have learned over the years that the mittee, and of the luncheon, was Mr. C. now. We have the most comprehensive hous housing goals of this country are nothing R. Mitchell, president of the First Fed ing law ever enacted. It is going to take all more than pious words and meaningless eral Savings & Loan of Kansas City, Mo., of you, and all of the other groups in fields objectives unless the savings and loan one of the outstanding national leaders directly related to housing, a long time to industry is able to accumulate the funds of the savings and loan industry and a learn about all of the things which we put Into that law, and about the manner in through the savings of its member man who has served his country in a which you can take advantage of them and shareholders to finance the mortgages of most important role as a member of the put them to good use. So if any of you have individual home buyers at reasonable Board of Directors of the Panama Canal a suggestion for a change in the law, or are rates of interest. There is a clear-cut and Company. promoting any new piece of legislation in direct relationship between availability The speech referred to is as follows: the housing field, I would just as soon not of mortgage funds through the savings .ADDRESS BY CONGRESSWOMAN LEONOR K . SUL have you take it up with me right now. and loans and our ability to bring home LIVAN, DEMOCRAT, MISSOURI, AT LUNCHEON Maybe I will be interested in looking at a housing bill later in this session, but frank ownership to more American families. MEETING OF THE LEGISLATIVE COMM ITTEE, ly I doubt it. The insured savings and loans are U.S. SAVINGS & LoAN LEAGUE, MONDAY, FEB strictly regulated by the Federal Home RUARY 3, 1969, AT THE STATLER-HILTON, APPROPRIATIONS AND PRIVATE FINANCING BOTH Loan Bank Board, and must conform to WASHINGTON, D.C. NEEDED high standards of responsibility in the When Bob Mitchell invited me to speak at Does that mean I have lost interest in t his luncheon today, I could think of a lot this type of legislation? Not at all. I think use of their members' savings, which are of reasons why it would be difficult, if not we all recognize where the bottlenecks are insured by the Federal Government up impossible, for me to be here, because of all right now in the effort to provide more and to $15,000. Sometimes, as noted recently my responslblUties up on the Hlll, the legisla better housing for the American people, and in a series of articles in the Washington tion on which I am working, the committee the bottlenecks are not in the housing laws. Post, abuses have been uncovered, in assignments I hold, and so on. Instead, I There is very little wrong with the housing volving a small fraction of this large in said I would be glad to accept, not only be picture today that couldn't be corrected, or dustry, and these abuses have properly cause I recognize the great importance of vastly improved, by a much more plentiful the savings and loan industry to so many of supply of a single commodity, and I don't led to demands for more thorough ex the causes to which I am dedicated in the mean cement or bricks or steel or copper amination of the savings and loans by Congress-particularly the task of housing wiring or that kind of commodity-I mean the regulatory agency, and the full use the American people-but also because Bob m-o-n-e-y. The money I am talking about, of powers voted by Congress in 1966 to Mitchell asked me to come, and because he of course, is the kind which goes into your permit the Board to step in and stop Is the head of your Committee. share accounts, where it is earmarked al these abuses promptly, through the is We are both from Missouri, but we come most entirely for housing loans, but this suance of cease-and-desist orders. from opposite ends of the State, and there is same commodity is in great demand and goes into a great many other investment avenues Chairman WRIGHT PATMAN of the Com not too much community of interest or of action between Kansas City and St. Louis, and not enough of it ls available, at reason mittee on Banking and Currency has except in fighting in the State Legislature able rates of interest, for the socially desir designated me as chairman of an ad hoc for policies and programs which will help able and economically vital housing func subcommittee which he intends to ap both our major cities. I came to know Bob tion. point to make a full investigation into the Mitchell, and to respect him deeply, as a While we are talking about money as the adequacy of regulatory policies in light of result of his service on the Board of Directors missing ingredient in making our housing the Washington Post series. But this is of the Panama Canal Company, which is a laws more effective, we shouldn't forget the only a small part of the whole picture of government corporation which operates the fact that some of the new housing programs Panama Canal for the United States. I am are almost completely dependent upon the the savings and loan industry and its Chairman of the Subcommittee on the Pan appropriation process in the Congress of the role in the financing of American home ama Canal of the House Committee of Mer United States, and some of the programs, like ownership. chant Marine and Fisheries, and vitally in rent supplements and the new home owner HOW S AVINGS AND LOANS CAN IMPLEMENT 1968 terested in this waterway and in the activi ship mortgage subsidy program, did not fare HOUSING ACT ties of our government In the Canal Zone, very well last year. and I was impressed by Mr. Mitchell's grasp Considering the enthusiastic support we Consequently, when I met at noon to of our problems there and hie w1llingness to received in the Housing Subcommittee, and day with the legislative committee of the devote time and effort and thought-to give in the House, for many of the innovative U.S. Savings & Loan League to discuss of himself-to this public service assign programs Included in the 1968 Act, there current problems and concerns in the ment. must h ave been some surprise throughout home finance field, I devoted only a small As we became friends through discussion the country last fall when the Congress failed part of my talk to the pending investiga of Pan ama Canal issues, we found we had a t o appropriate sufficient funds to put the tion of the ad hoc subcommittee; instead great many other interests in common as a new programs Into effective operation. But result of his work in the savings and loan anyone who has followed housing legislation I talked about the challenges to and op field and mine as a Member of the House over the years should not be too surprised, portunities for this great industry in Committee on Banking and Currency, and because for years we have had this same providing intelligent leadership in the of the Subcommittee on Housing on which funding problem on almost every new Federal drive in every city in this country to solve I have served since 1955. So I am indeed housing aid program-unless we solved the 246G EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 problem in advance, as we used to do In the eral Government in all of your activities, ownership. For a while, it was the Insurance Banking Committee, by providing what the including the dividend rate that you can pay problem-but I think we have solved that, late Jesse Wolcott always denounced as on your share accounts and the reserves you are on the way to solving it, as a. result of "back-door financing." Incidentally, I am must maintain and so on, you have to trans the passage of the 1968 Act. Then, of course, sure many of you here were saddened, as I late national goals into terins of specific there is the lack of family stab111ty, or the was, at Mr. Wolcott's death a few days ago. goals for indivi dual savings and loan associ lack of income stability, or the other social SAVING OUR CENTRAL CITIES ations. The target has to be one which is problems of the slum areas which might Whether we solve it by back-door financing, meaningful to the Board of Directors o! the jeopardize the Investment. This is the prob front-door financing, direct appropriations, 'X' Federal Savings and Loan, or the 'Y' lem which the St. Louis Bicentennial Civic debentures, stock offerings, or by corporation Federal Savings and Loan, and be based on Improvement Corporat ion has been remark capital aided by government loans or grants some sort of fatrness doctrine wh ich is g en ably effective in dealing with. eral In the industry. or tax write-offs or however, the biggest and It has worked with the families which are most urgent housing problem we have in this WHAT IS A FAIR SHARE OF THE BURDEN? participating in the home ownership experi ment in St. Louis and it has taught them country is in our central core areas of our Whenever a charitable organization sets major cities, and the more we do to try t o how to care for tbelr homes, and how to out to raise a certain amount of money and budget their limited Incomes so they can solve it, the more serious the problem seeinS establishes a goal, and then says to its poten to become from a social and economic stand meet their obligations each month in paying tial contributors "Give whatever you feel oil' their mortgages; it has helped to instlll point. I know that the savings and loan busi you can," a lot of people give much less than ness, collectively and individually, is deeply pride in these people and civic and commu their fair share because they have no way nity consciousness. The greatest boast made aware of this problem and is already doing a of judging what their fair share is of the pro good job in some areas of financing low-cost to me by the leaders of the St. Louis Bicen jected goal. On the other hand, when we tennial Civic Improvement Corporation was home ownership and rehabmtatlng older a.re running for election to Congress, or to neighborhoods. The formation nearly a year that not a. single member o! any family par other office, our Party organizations have a ticipating In the program had gone to jail. ago of your Special Joint Committee on pretty good idea of what a. candidate's "fair Urban ProbleinS is an excellent example of They were so proud of this fa.ct because many share" is of the Party's campaign war chest, o! tbe families participating in this program your organization's commitment to this prob and we always have to come through With lem, and of Its effort to provide leadership to had previously experienced the periodic ab our share in order to be included in the sence of a member of the family while serv its member organizations. Party's campaign literature or advertising of I have seen the publication "Urban Fi ing a. jail term. This kind of caring about a. any kind. If each savings and loan which borrowers a.b!Uty to cope With the complex nancing Guide" and I am truly impressed. I belongs to the United States Savings and think it is one of the best compilations of the probleinS he faces as a. citizen and as a home Loan League had to figure out for itself owner is a challenge to you. If you do expand opportunities available to the home financing what it thought It could afford, or wished, to industry in taking advantage of the 1968 your loan program Into low-income areas, pay In dues to the League, I am sure at you have to become Involved with the family. Housing Law and of the previous housing least some of the member-associations would laws, including the 1966 Act which contained pay far less than they should. THE GOVERNMENT aEGULATORY AGENCY MUST the Model Cities program. This publication What I am leading up to is, that in this ALSO aECOGNIZE THE PROBLEM is a very good start, and I was pleased to see mammoth housing challenge which faces If a. savings and loan association just that in your descriptions of the programs the American people-and particularly in doesn't want to get into this area of home being undertaken in a number of our cities, our low-income areas in our cities---the sav ownership financing for low-income families the work C:one in St. Louis receives special ings and loan industry, as an industry, has in the central city areas, it can easily find a attention. We have a very good and forward to provide not only much of the funds, but mill!on reasons not to do so. But even those looking savings and loan industry in my city a lot more of the leadership. No one savings associations which do want to make greater and I have always been delighted to work and loan association can afford to undertake, contribution to their communities by helping with the leaders of the savings and loans in by itself, the major burden of rehab111tating to rehabll1tate and restore the deteriorating St. Louis and they in tum have been very the slum areas of any city. But if all of the areas o! their cities have real problems in helpful to me. Without the help of Mr. savings and loans in a. particular area-all o! doing so, and I think tbese probleinS should Michael A. Burdzy of the Pulaski Savings and thooe belonging to your Association, say be recognized by all concerned, including the Loan, the St. Louis Bicentennial Civic Im were to figure out how much o! their total regulatory agency, the Federal Home Loan provement Corporation would never have resources could be devoted to the central Bank Boa.rd. As I unde~stand It, there is ab gotten off the ground-the whole program, of city housing problem, and set a guideline solutely no special recognition given by the which all of us in St. Louis are so proud, to which all of the associations were com Board to this category of loan. The Board could never even have gotten started. This is mitted, I think you could undertake a larger will make allowances for occasional delin the program, as I think most of you know, share o! this challenge Without risk to your quency in FHA-VA loans but it is my under which led to the enactment of Section 221 (H) own financial structure or to your share standing that there is a real problem, from in the 1966 Housing Act, and which then led holders. a. reserves standpoint, growing out o! the to the much more liberalized mortgage rate ocoasiona.l delinquency or slow-pay status of subsidy program for home ownership for low LOTS OF REASONS WHY YOU CANNOT HELP SOLVE conventional loans, even when they involve income families in the 1968 Act. There is a THE PROBLEM low-income families whose home financing good capsule description of the origin of this I mentioned the outstanding assistance the savings and loan has undertaken more program in your publication "Urban Financ provided by the Pulaski Savings and Loan out o! the sp1r1t o! community service than ing Guide", as there is also of the work of Association in St. Louis in financing the first of "business as usual." Many of the special the St. Louis Service Corporation organized etrorts of the organization which later became programs contained in the 1968 Act for the by the Greater St. Louis Savings and Loan known as the St. Louis Bicentennial Civic reha.b111tation o! housing !or low-income League. Improvement Corporation. But since a single families, and for the sale o! housing to low EACH SAVINGS AND LOAN MUST SHARE savings and loan could only do so much, a income !a.mllies, do involve FHA Insurance THE BURDEN point was soon reached where It could not and special subsidies, so presumably these it dared not-invest a. higher percentage of would qualify for the less stringent regu All in all, you have an excellent base in latory restrictions the Board now maintains this organization. and in your industry, on Its resources In this kind of effort. Help from other sources was also needed. That is why I !or FHA loans, compared to conventional which to build and expand your role as lead loans. But I would urge the Board to examine ers in the field of rehabil1tation of housing say that if you really want to help in this program-as I know you do--then each sav into the possib111ty o! according somewhat In our major cities. I know it is not going to more relaxed regulatory survellla.nce over the be an easy task. No one segment of the hous ings and loan has to have a. "fair-share" ob ing and financing industry can solve this ligation laid out for it. Perhaps it could be conventional loan made to a. family which Is problem by itself. There are all sorts of nag 5 % of its total portfolio, or 10% or 20% of buying a. home say in the $10,000 range. Is new financing. Maybe some other figure there any reason this cannot be done-if this ging and serious aspects of this problem type of loan represents only a. small per which will confront you every step of the would be better. But all that the Board of way. I realize that. It was rather easy for Directors and the members of a savings and centage of total assets? President Johnson-and if anybody had a loan would have to do in order to see if their THE RISK IS GREATER THAN FINANCIAL right to do it, I suppose he did-but it was own association was meeting its obligations I realize, o! course, that the Federal Home rather easy for him to set a target goal In in this field, would be to compare its efforts Loan Bank Board is obliged and required to terinS of the number of housing units which to the percentage objectives set by the U.S. maint ain the highest standards of business we are going to build In any one year, and It League, or by State or local leagues. practice and depositor safety and public con is also a. rather easy thing for the Insurance I have heard many reasons from officials fidence in the savings and loans, but I do industry to set up a dollar-target as to how of savings and loans why their associations not think that the savings and loan insur much it intends to invest in this area. of cannot undertake the burden o! financing ance system, or the industry itself, would ghetto and central city housing improve home ownership !or low-income families In topple if there were allowances made for the ment. But, I think, for an industry such as the poor areas of their cities which so desper !act that certain types of loans which we are yours, where you are regulated by the Fed- ately need the sta.billzing influence o! home anXious to have the savings and loans un- February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2467 dertake for social reasons-for the good of also involve your industry. One ls the pro action. As you know, I was under strong pres the whole community-are not necessarily posed investigation by an Ad Hoc Subcom sure at the time the Consumer Credit Protec gilt-edged, top-drawer investments. Sure, mittee of the Banking and Currency Com tion Act was drafted and introduced, and they are a bit riskier than loans made to mittee into the kind of practices 1n ghetto then during our hearings and the coIIlinlttee middle-income, educated families out 1n the area mortgage financing by some savings and deliberations afterwards, to exempt all first suburbs. But 1f we can't save our cltles--- loans 1n the Washington area, uncovered in mortgages from the bill. This I refused to 1! we cannot restore stablllty and a sense of a series o! articles in the Washington Post. do, even though the Senate had done so. ownership participation on the part of the As you may know, Chairman Patman has I think the hearings I conducted in the Sub people who live in our cities-the suburbs asked me to be the Che.lrman of such an in committee on Consumer Affairs established will eventually be satel!1tes of urban vol vestigation and I have had the Home Loan clearly that a first mortgage ls not neces canoes spewing ashes and destruction over Bank Board and the Federal Reserve and the sarily a good mortgage Just because it's a the entire metropolitan area. Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC first mortgage. However, there was agreement Through urban renewal we have been try all working on reports to me on the ln!orma in COn!erence that purchase-money first ing since 1949 to make the central city areas tion they have about the prevalence of the mortgages should not be subject to all of more attractive to higher-income families, kind of thing the Washington Post de the restrictions and requirements o! the and we have built many high-rise luxury scribed. In case you are not famlliar with Truth-in-Lending blll as it applled to small apartment houses and provided excellent de that series o! articles, lt documented nu loans, and revolving credit, and to install• signs for modern living in the downtown merous instances In which certain savings ment purchases, and modernization loans, areas. Undoubtedly this replacement of ur and loans here in Washington recklessly or refinancing. So we did make special pro ban blight with modern delights will con financed big speculators in slum housing, visions in the blll for purchase-money first tinue. But the poor people who are dis extending loans at what appeared to be vast mortgages. To the largest extent possible we placed by the luxury high-rises can't very ly inflated values, and the speculators in tum allowed !or the customary closing costs. And well go out to the suburbs to take over the then disposed of the properties to low-in we recognized that the mortgage executed housing left behind by the family which come families whom they saddled With two at the time one purchases a home generally moved to the city. We have been considering and three mortgages on which the buyers provides most, 1! not all, of the ln!ormatlon all sorts of ideas and proposals for rehous could not afford the monthly payments. which the Truth-in-Lending Act ls intended ing the unhoused, and we have many pro What I am concerned about, and I am to require. Like you, however, I am still grams for that, but when you come right sure you are, too, ls that under the laws re awe.lting the final version o! the Federal Re down to it, the suburban areas form a solid lating to savings and loans, and under the serve's Truth-in-Lending regulations, so I ring around the cities and say "You keep regulations o! the Board and the examination cannot tell you how they will look. But I those people in there-we don't want them procedures which are carried out by the can say that it ls my intention, once the out here." I am afraid we have come to the Board, practices o! this kind can be pre regulations are issued in final form by the point in our society when the words "low vented. I think the authority we provided Board, to arrange for hearings on the reg lncome" and "undesirable" seem to be syn In 1966 now gives the Federal Home Loan ulations by my Subcommittee on Consumer onymous. It certainly wasn't always that Bank Board all of the power it needs to issue Afl'e.lrs. It there are any serious technical way, but it ls now. cease and desist orders when It uncovers problems for any industry in connection NEED AREAWIDE COUNCILS OF ALL GROUPS abuses of this kind, but we want to make sure with those regulations, I think we want to CONCERNED IN HOUSING that the law ls adequate and that the regula have them all Ironed out before the law takes I have been urging you gentlemen to take tions are adequate and that the examina elfect on July 1. the lead in your associations to involve all tion into the individual association's actions I do not promise that I wlll take your of the savings and loans more deeply in the ls thorough enough. side in any controversy With the Boa.rd over problems of home financing for the low The savings and loan industry ls too vital any speclflc regulation applying to real es lncome families now living in the cities. But an Industry to the well-being o! the Amer tate mortgages, but I do promise to provide you do not go out and plan housing develop ican people to permit a small but unprin an objective forum in which any technical ments. You do not do the contracting. You cipled element Within the Industry-I! this problems can be reviewed in the light o! do not handle the problems of zoning and element ls stlll operating-to undermine what we are trying to accomplish in the law, building codes and all the other things which public confidence in the solidity and the in and be revtewed by those who wrote the law. go hand in hand with the solution of our tegrity and the decency of this great indus If there are any questions about what housing problems. Yet your business ls a try. We cannot tolerate that. Congress Intended in any provision In this decisive factor in the solution of housing Regardless of what you might have heard law, I think we are the people who would problems. If you don't finance the housing, or might have read about the plans for this know that. So probably we can be helpful the chances are it ls not going to get fi Investigation-and they are still only tenta both to the Board and to the various indus nanced. tive because the Committee on Banking and try groups which would be affected by the The savings and loan industry includes Currency has not as yet authorized this ln Regulations, and also---and of course this ls in its leadership men with a wide range of vestlgatlon, nor have the members of the paramount-to the consumers who have the skills and interests and abllltles. You are Ad Hoc Committee been appointed to It. greatest stake o! all in this issue. respected in your communities; you repre but regardless o! wha.t you might have heard And now let me conclude by thanking you sent thousands of members of your associa or read about plans for this investigation, I for inviting me and for listening to me with tions who are the thrifty, home-buying, can assure you that, 1! I conduct It, I wlll such courtesy. I have enjoyed our many as savings-oriented members o! the commu do my best to do a constructive job o! in sociations over the years and I look forward nity. I therefore think that the savings and vestigation to uncover faults tn the law or tn to working With you in the 91st congress. loan industry could take the lead In your the regulations which need correction rather Thank you. metropolitan areas in organizing commit than to seek out momlng and afternoon tees and councils of all o! the people in headlines by finding that some fellow, two volved in housing-the banks, the builders, or three years ago, misused his power as an CHARLES W. YOST, U.N. the engineers and architects, the public of executive of a savings and loan to conspire AMBASSADOR ficials, Including the planners and those who with shady characters in violation o! his write the zoning ordinances and who deter trust and of the law as well. I am a firm be mine the geographic development or a com liever in the punishment of wrongdoers, but HON. JOHN R. RARICK munlty--organize them into a task force to I do not believe a Congressional Committee or LOUISIANA solve housing problems on a community investigation ls a Grand Jury. Our utllmate wid.e basis, an area-wide be.sis, not Just inside Job ls to write necessary legislation-the IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the city alone. It can't be done just in the right kind of legislation. That will be the Monday, February 3, 1969 city alone. purpose o! any Investigation I undertake into It you people don't do it, I am afre.ld no the operations of any savings and loans in Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, since the one ls doing to do it. Our municipalities are financing big speculators in ghetto real hearings on Mr. Yost for confirmation as compartmentallzed and unable to reach estate. Ambassador to the United Nations may across their borders or to take positions which REGULATIONS UNDER TRUTH-IN- LENDING ACT not be published, I include a letter by involve any really effective metropolitan A final note on another subject o! close Mr. Ginzburg to various newspapers and planning or cooperation. But you people can the testimony of Mr. Benjamin Ginzburg do lt. Your interests cross City lines and Interest to this audience-the proposed reg county lines. I would like to see you try. ulations of the Board of Governors of the before the Foreign Relations Committee Federal Reserve System for the Implementa in the RECORD: AD HOC StrBCOMMrrTEI!: INVESTIGATION 011' tion o! the Truth-in-Lending Act. I under ARLINGTON, VA., SPECULATION IN SLUM HOUSING stand that there ls some unhappiness in the January 26, 1969. And now I would like to touch on several savings and loan industry over the first draft Re: Charles W. Yost to the U.N. other matters in which I know you are deep of those regulations, which treated real es Sm: On January 21, the Senate Porelgn ly interested-matters involvlng the com tate mortgages in exactly the same way as Relations Committee, held hearings on the Inittee on Banking and Currency and which any other type of consumer credit trans- nomination of Charles W. Yost as Ambassa- CXV:--166--Part 2 2468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 dor to the UN. The Associated Press Report the sponsorship of the Council on Foreign It would be nice It the nations were able on these hearings gave the mistaken Im Relations-the organization that publiBhes to act that way. But unfortunately we are pression that there was no opposition to Mr. the distinguished periodical, Foreign AffalrS; not yet living in what Jews call the Messla Yost. The fact ls that two witnesses testi and on top of all that he served as foreign ttme of the world and what Christians call fied agalnst him. I was one of them. policy adviser to Vice President Humphrey the era of the Second Coming. We are living I pointed out that Mr. Yost had published ln his presidential campaign. All these things in an everyday world in which national gov some strange views about foreign policy and seemed to make Mr. Yost an ideal choice for ernments provide shelter and security for national security. The reason these views a position for which President Nixon had their peoples' way of life. Even If we were have not arouaed a storm of controversy ls decided to select a Democrat. not confronted with the ruthless and in because the publlc has not been Informed But anybody who reads, as I have done, human drive or communist tmperlallsm of them. Mr. Yost's statement on foreign pollcy which that ls to say, even lf the world or nations For example, Mr. Yost has said that the he presented to the Democratic Party plat comprised only peoples adhering broadly to quest for military security is the cause of form writers (it was inserted ln the CON the Western way of life-we would still have our lnsecurlty. He believes we should aban GRESSIONAL RECORD of Sept. 10, 1968 by Con to go quite slowly In abandoning national don the effort to retain military superiority gressman Jonathan Bingham of New York) interests in favor or as yet uncrystallized In over our potential enemies. He does not think and then reads the book, the Insecurity of ternational interests. But given the existence our security ls threatened as much by com Nations, which endeavors to provide a phil of communist tmpertallsm, It is positively munist aggression as by nuclear arms race. osophic basis for Mr. Yost's views, w1ll see Immoral to make deals with Russia or China He has a great deal of difflculty in recog at once that a great blunder has been made. which mitigate agalnst the protection of our nizing communist aggression when he sees President Nixon has nominated a dreamer way or lite. It is Just as Immoral as to preach it. He has publicly described the Soviet In who rejects all realism in foreign policy. the beauties of pacifism and non-resistance vasion of Czechoslovakia as "an internally Thus President Nixon constantly em to evil to a man who ts being attacked by an defensive rather than an externally aggres phasized during his campaign that ln ne armed robber. Instead of recognizing today's sive action". He would appear to regard gotiating with Russia it was necessary to realities, people like Mr. Yost are so be Czechoslovakia as an Integral part of the negotiate from a position of strength. To Mr. witched by the dream of Internationalism Soviet empire, not an Independent, sovereign Yost this is nonsense. He believes that the that they are constantly minimizing and ex state. Not even the Kremlin has dared go quest for national strength, for military se cusing the brutal egoism of Soviet actions that far. curity, is the cause of all our troubles. It ls while attacking American actions as being Mr. Yost also advocates dropping our op the quest of each nation for national se Insufficiently generous and trusting. They position to seating Red China in the UN. He curity that creates the mount ing insecurity are compelled to do so because In no other apparently disagrees with this statement by of nations. That ls the theme and title of his way can they sustain the Illusion of man Adlai Stevenson ln this Issue: "The govern book. He insists that there can be no real kind progressing In our time to a world ment of Peiping ls not peace-loving; it does security for any nation without security for order. not concur ln the obligations the charter all nations, and that security for all nat ions Thus in surveying U.S.-Sovtet relations imposes; and It is clearly neither able nor requires international organization and in after World Warn, Mr. Yost puts the onus of willing to carry them out." ternational control and llmitation of na blame for the part of the Cold War on the tional armaments. American abandonment of economic aid to On all of these Issues, Yost is diametrically Russia "for fear It would strengthen a rival." opposed to President Nixon. President Nixon It may be objected that these eccentric views of Mr. Yost will not do our country any In other words, we should have been more has said that It ls our nuclear superiority trusting to Stalin. We should have overlooked that has kept the peace. He believes that harm since as Ambassador to the United we must maintain arms superiority in order Nations he will not be called upon to make the vices of his character, even as Mr. Yost to deter aggression. He denounced the in United States policy but rather to expound overlooks them when he praises Stalin as "a vasion of Czechoslovakia. as an "outrage the policy decisions made by others. great leader" who led Russia "successfully against the conscience of the world" that But it ls elementary wisdom that In se through the most terrible war to the most proved again and again that weakness ls lecting a spokesman tor a policy It ls best brilliant triumph of her history." (Nothing ls an Invitation to aggression. He has opposed to pick a man who believes In the policy. An said of Stalin's role in unleashing World War the admlsslon of Red China to the UN, say insincere advocate is bound to be an Ineffec n through his pact with Hitler nor of the ing that It would only encourage the hard t ive advocate. crucial part played by American lend-lease liners In Red China and discourage the non I want to point out, however, that much ln saving Russia from destruction). communlsts all over Free Asia. more is involved here than the question of When he discusses United States dealings Mr. Yost's fitness to represent the United with Khrushchev, Mr. Yost again harps on How can Amb. Yost speak for President our lack of trust and generosity. "It ts not Nixon? At best, he w1ll be an insincere ad States at the United Nations. Mr. Yost is not vocate of the American position. At worst, an Isolated figure. He represents a line of suggested,'' he writes, "that the West could he may undermine It. I regret that mem doctrinaire thought which is strongly in or should have surrendered Berlin or any bers of the committee did nothing to expose trenched in the State Department and in other essential Western position. It is sug this contradiction in the views of Mr. Yost other sections of our government. Thus if gested that a more flexible, Imaginative and and the President ln the Foreign Relations you vote to approve Mr. Yost's nomination as concll1atory tactic during 1959 and early Committee hearings. Ambassador, you will be simultaneously vot 1960, Including cheerful and const ructive Sincerely yours, ing to approve a line of doctrine which has participation In a summit meeting, including BENJAMIN GINZBURG. greatly handicapped the defense of Ameri dignified but ungrudging cordiality toward can interests and the protection or the West himself, might have borne fruit In some par ern way of life. tial accommodations at the summit, h ave STATEMENT OF BENJAMIN GINZBURG BEFORE On the other hand, If you vote to disap preserved much longer a decent semblance THE FoREIGN RELATIONS COMMITl'EE OF THE prove Mr. Yost's nomination, you will be do of detent, and possibly have avoided the two U.S. SENATE, WITH REGARD TO THE NOMINA ing more than to block an unfit appolnt fearsome confrontations" over Berlin and NATION OF CHARLES W. YOST TO SERVE AS ment--you will be attacking a dangerous Cuba. AMBASSADOR TO THE UNTTED NATIONS, JAN delusion. So anxious ls Mr. Yost to believe in pro U ARY 21, 1969 The delusion is the belief than mankind gress towards Internationalism that he ts Mr. Chairman, I have come to you as a has now reached the international or world ready to settle for appearances of progress as private citizen to urge your distinguished order stage of human behavior. Or, as Mr. sufficient for this purpose, and attacks Amer committee not to recommend the confirma Yost puts it, that the time has come to break ican leaders for demanding substance rather tion of Charles W. Yost as Ambassador to away from the "nation-state" and "its fatal than semblance of progress. In an amazing the United Nations until you have read, di charisma." This belief has arisen because passage reminiscent of the doctrines of the gested and are willing to subscribe to Mr. weak-minded people have taken too literally French psychiatrist Coue, Mr. Yost tells us Yost's published views on national security the glowing rhetoric which accompanied the that "if tension seems to have relaxed, It has and foreign policy. Since the members of creation and development of the United Na relaxed, and the new psychological climate the committee are endowed with moral com tions. Under the influence of this belief, doc a.rising therefrom makes new departures pos mon sense, I am confident that you will not trinaires posing as experts have contended sible, whether or not other objective condi knowingly give your approval to Mr. Yost's that national policy decisions should be di tions have changed." He adds that this ts the views by voting to confirm him for the im rected towards strengthening international reason why hlghlevel or summit negot iations portant post to which he has been nominated. controls and reaching out for a complete "are almost always desirable, whenever they I realize that I am asking you to go system of world government or world law. are possible, precisely because the high level counter to the Judgment of our new Presi They think that nations should behave to of the participants puts a premium on at dent, who nominated Mr. Yost. But I am wards one another in accordance with the least partial success." This was written-or at convinced that Mr. Yost's nomination re same tenets of morality which are preached least published-after the Kosygin-Johnson sulted from a slip-up in staff work. Some regarding the conduct of Individuals in a summit at Glassboro and Its moonshine of body made a Judgment on the basis of ex n ational community-that ts to say, that "the spirit of Glassboro." Presumably Mr. ternal appearances without Inquiring Into they should be brotherly and generous to Yost would attribute the collapse of the spirit the substance of Mr. Yost's views. Thus Mr. the point of turning the other cheek, and of Glassboro to the failure on our part to Yost has had a long career at the State De that above all they should abide by the ar follow up the summit with sufficient give partment; he has Just published a book under bitrament of law when disputes break out. aways of American positions. February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2469 Not only is Mr. Yost satisfied to accept a In the continuation of International con include the following address delivered seeming relaxation of tension as equivalent frontation and insecurity." Mr. Yost con by Dr. George S. Benson, president to the real thing, but he ts ready to convert all cludes therefore that we shall have to con emeritus of Harding College, to the Ki trol and eventually limit "these preposterous wanis Club, Searcy, Ark., on January 9, ~io~~n:· ~;in:;c::e~~!st~ ~:~~~~ and seditious arms." How ls this to be accomplished? By turn 1969 : question that today's East-West con!ronta INFLATION tlon ls "a refiectlon not so much of clashing lng an Intellectual switch which will trans interests as of clashing and outdated states mute the activity of weapons-making into (An address by Dr. George S. Benson, pres!· of mind." In his summary presentation to the activity of weapons-controlling. "Once dent emeritus of Harding College, t o the the Democratic Party platform writers, he people are persuaded generally that these Kiwanis Club, Searcy, Ark., January 9, declares categorically that "the chief threat weapons are not a protection but a plague 1969) to international and U.S. security ls not, at II plague like malaria, cancer, pollution, over In t alking with top officials in major na least in the near future, communist aggres population and venereal disease-then the tional corporations, ln talking with leading sion but (a) the costly, dangerous and need same Ingenuity and resources that cured or government officials and from reading lead less nuclear arms race and (b) uncontrolled are curing those plagues, indeed the same In ing magazines, I find they now very gen turbulence in Asta, Africa and Latin America genuity and resources that created these erally rate Inflation as the leading problem sucking in and contraposlng great powers." weapons, can no doubt be as successfully facing the nation. First, let me attempt the What about the threat of war created by employed to control, reduce, and eventually diffl.cult task of defining Inflation. To put It the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakla?-the do away with them." simply, Inflation Is a situation In which pur man in the street may ask. Is that, too, a fic What a simple solution for the problem of chasing power ls lncreaslng faster than de tion created by our own state of mind? Yes, nuclear weapons I Set up a new Manhattan sirable goods to be purchased are Increasing. indeed, says Mr. Yost. The invasion of Czecho project to put the genie back Into the bottle For example, suppose In Searcy all salaries, slovakia though brutal, was "an internally by devising a scientific scheme for inter wages, relief payments and all other sources national non-use of these weapons on the of income should increase at the rate of 7 % defensive rather than an externally aggressive theory that they weaken rather than action." For this reason Mr. Yost recom a year for five years, making a total increase strengthen a nation's security. Unfortunate of 35 %, while at the same time incoming mends that the pursuit of detente should not ly, while the Russians are quite ready to be abandoned but resumed and that we can goods to be purchased Increased at only 2 % look forward to the time when "U.S. troops have us abandon nuclear weapons on the a year, making a total of 10 % in five years. sophistical ground that they weaken our This would definitely cause the prices of in the NATO area can and should be gradu security, they themselves have persistently ally reduced." goods to go up. clung to the belief that weapons are weapons This ls actually, In general, what ls hap In vain wm the realist point out that as a and not crazy things Invented when we have pening to the entire nation at this time. result of the invasion of Czechoslovakia So nothing to fight about. Thus Mr. Yost's solu There are numerous pressures contributing viet troops, for the first time since World tion, for all its international dress, amounts to the increase of purchaslng power at a War II, are poised on the borders of West to an argument for unilateral disarmament Germany, and that the excuse of internal faster rate than desirable goods are becom and for rendering our country naken in the ing available for purchase. In fact, anything defense has been the standard basis used face of the enemy. that Increases the flow of money without by both czarist Russia and the Soviet em It Is part of the sickness of our time that pire for launching a step-by-step aggressive increasing the flow of goods correspondingly many Americans are seduced by the dream is inflationary. expansion. Mr. Yost wm not hear of these pictures which Mr. Yost and others draw things since he ls out to prove that only An easy example to understand ls the way about the world. They portray a world in the wages keep going up faster than pro mental, not real obstacles, stand in the way which men have no values to defend but of achieving and international world order. ductivity. Personally, I am very much inter confront one another and fight because they ested In employees. They constitute a very The constant attempt to reassure us, by have Invented arms which need to be big segment of our American society and a any and all arguments, that there ls no exercised. very important segment. I would like to see threat to the free world from communism But ls this the world we live In? We live in wages go up and the standard of living for makes Mr. Yost's book read at times Uke a a world of flesh and blood, sin and moral working people go up, Just as fast as It can polltlcal satire. Thus Mr. Yost tells us, with struggle. We live In a world where we have to be sustained without tending to kill the a straight face, that since the faith of com defend our moral ideals, our clvWzatlon. munism has "mostly material goals, its zeal goose that lays the golden eggs. against an upsurge of evil forces, a.gam.n But wages at the prooent time are climb tends to be subdued as these are approached." lunatics like Hitler, Mussol1n1, and Stalin. The last time we heard this type of argument ing at what ls often estimated at about 8% While the Invention of nuclear weapons has whereas productivity Is increasing at about. was when Hitler and his apologists told us heightened the ordeal of human life, it has that the Nazi appetite for "living space" 2 % a year. This means that the labor which ls by no means abolished the necessity of de producing goods Is being paid 8 % more for was in process of being appeased, and that all fending moral values. Just as we cannot yield producing goods but !.s only producing 2% the Nazts wanted was this piece of terri to nuclear blackmail by the COmmunlst& more goods. The steel Industry ls a fair ex tory and no more I such as Khrushchev attempted when he ample. It ls estimated that the new wage Not satisfied with assuring us that the planted Soviet missiles 90 miles from our package in steel ls equivalent to about 8% zeal of the communists ls being a,bated, Mr. shore-so we cannot yield to the nuclear Increase per year for the duration of the Yost trots out the hoary argument that the shell game preached by the pacifists and In contract but the rate at which productivity communists and the men of the free world ternationalists, who would have us surrender ls Increasing In the steel Industry ls approx are coming more and more to resemble each our values In exchange for life in a. world imately 2 % . When you apply this to the other. He puts a scientific gloss on the argu government animal farm run by our automobile industry and all other indus ment by claiming that the technological enemies. tries, then It means that the wages which processes which we and they use "are caus Mr. Chairman, I repeat that much more is create purchasing power were Increasing: ing the various systems more and more to Involved than the appointment of Mr. Yost about four times as fast as the goods being converge and conform," so that "capitalism as Ambassador to the United Nations. If Mr. produced as a result of those wages. ls tending to become more 'collectivist', Yost's nomination ts confirmed, even though President Johnson recognized this danger with the understanding that he ls not to communism more 'individualist', and the and several years ago set a guideline urging: differences between them more political than make policy, a great boost will be given to that wages not go up faster than 3.2% but the stultifying doctrines advocated by his structural." Thank God, one may say, that the guideline has ceased to be followed and he has left some minor dlfferenecs between school of thought. I therefore pray that you now wages are golng up at two and one-half the communist regimes and our own. Other recommend against his nomination, and that President Nixon be persuaded to withdraw times the rate of guideline recommendation_ Wise we would be really stuck in explaining Productivity, on the contrary, Is going up, why the communist rulers have to build his nomination without bringing it to a vote in the Senate. scarcely as fast as wa.s projected when the Berlin walls and barbed wire fences and sta guideline was set. All of this definitely cre tion soldiers with machine guns in order to ates an Inflationary situation. It ls estimated. prevent their ungrateful subjects from es that the purchasing power of the American. caping from the communist paradises. INFLATION dollar during 1968 alone lost about 4.6% or· At any mte for Mr. Yost the International its power. A savings account created In 1940- prospect Is objectively quite beautiful. The or a government bond purchased in 1940 and only flaw on the horizon ls the addiction of HON. WILBUR D. MILLS sold on today's market would purchase only- the free world and the Communists to mod OF ARKANSAS 40 % of its 1940 purchasing power. That's an ern nuclear weapons. "Both systems," he tells IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Indication of what Inflation does to pen us, "have become so caught up in the mo sions, annuities, and au other fixed dollar mentum of weapons-making, in the 'mili Monday, February 3, 1969 incomes. tary-industrial complex', that many of their Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, under leave Another Inflationary pressure results from managers share an unhealthy vested interest to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I big government spending and extended gov- 2470 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 ernment credits, all of which ls partially to encourage an atmosphere favorable to the HONOLULU YMCA MARKS ITS CEN financed by new money printed by the adoption of some sound method for obtain TENNIAL YEAR: CHARTING A Treasury Department. New printed money ing a better be.la.nee in the industrial area, COURSE FOR TODAY AND TOMOR increases purchasing power but does not in !or properly reducing big government spend crease the goods to be purchased and there ing, and for effectively curbing lawlessness ROW fore, ls distinctly inflationary. Private bor and crime in America. The fl.nal decisions will rowing tends to do the same thing. For in be determined at the bar of public opinion stance, 1! I borrow from the bank 1n Searcy in this great democratic republic. But re HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA $1000, I have increased my purchasing power member that sound money ls essential to the OF HAWAil by $1000 but I haven't increased the goods long range well-being of any nation. Infla IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to be purchased at all. The borrowings of tion must not be allowed to wreck our finan the federal government, the state govern cial structure, and with it our industrial Monday, February 3, 1969 ments, the cities and municipalities, and structure. Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, the private individuals in America runs far be Young Men's Christian Association is yond $1 trillion. known the world over for its work in A third lnfiationary pressure comes from DEALERS IN PORNOGRAPHY t he rapid increase of crime and lawlessness. helping boys to achieve their maximum Many businesses which were burned out in potential, physically and mentally, with the big fires in certain major cities have in HON. THOMAS L. ASHLEY a solid Christian foundation, as they dicated no desire to build back. Many other OF OHIO grow into manhood. During the past 100 business men who had thought of expand years, the YMCA of Honolulu, of which ing their businesses and increasing the pro IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES several years ago I was privileged to be duction of goods, on the contrary are delay Monday, February 3, 1969 ing action because o:r the !ear o:r crime and a board member, has been involved in lawlessness. They put their money out on Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, today I this outstanding and laudatory endeavor. interest instead of investing it to produce have introduced legislation which would While its main concern in the past has goods. Thls creates additional inflationary provide pasta! authorities with decisive been the development of the spirit, mind pressures and also pushes up the inflated powers to crack down on dealers in and body of Island youngsters who prices of common stocks. sought to avail themselves of its facili When we combine the fear of rapidly ris Pornography who increasingly are using ing wages which some people think wlll go the U.S. mails as a pipeline for the un ties, the Honolulu YMCA, according to to the 10% level by the end of 1969 and conscionable flow of smut and obscenity Henry B. Clarke, Jr., its president, has when we recognize the encouragement this tomlnors. now pledged to "go out to seek those who gives to foreign competition in America and Last year alone the Post Office Depart need its services." accordingly, the squeeze that may be expected ment received over 165,000 formal com Projecting an exciting new role for the on profits, a squeeze made still more serious plaints from recipients of unsolicited of Y, Mr. Clarke In his centennial message by rising taxes; and when we recognize the tremendous pressure from big government fensive mailings and I am advised that promises that the Honolulu YMCA work spending and when we recognize the fears the volume of complaints is growing each ers in the future will become "mobile from crime and lawlessness, we can see much month. vendors of a Y idea." to restrain American capital from investing The bill that I have introduced is The work of the YMCA in Honolulu in the production of goods, all of which tends aimed squarely at the odious creatures began 100 years ago when 10 men signed to increase purchasing power faster than de In our society who deal In pornography. the rolls of the first meeting. The work sirable goods are being produced. First, the measure would prohibit mail then consisted of prayer meetings, help This can be very, very serious !or America's order sales of obscene materials to chil future. It ls high time the entire American ing with Sunday schools and the mainte public take note of these serious problems dren of school age; second, it would nance of a reading room in the Seaman's and move for their correction. make the unsolicited mailing of "hard Home in Honolulu. The association later America one time wa.s 85 % agricultural. core" pornography, or offers to sell came to the aid of immigrant Chinese Today, only 6% of the American people live "hard core" pornography, to any family laborers who arrived in Hawaii In large on !arms and less than 6% of the national with children under the age of 16 a Fed numbers. It will not until 1883, however, income is from agriculture. We are an in eral crime punishable by fine and jail that the Honolulu association was able dustrial nation. Our employers and the 70 sentence. million employees are the very backbone of to erect its first permanent two-story the nation. This is the only country in the Unlike previous Federal legislation de brick building. Later, after a gymnasium world where an employee on hourly wages signed to regulate the distribution of ob was added, classes were held and work can look forward to owning a home, an auto jectionable sexual materials, the measure with boys was undertaken. Since those mobile, a radio, a TV, and sending hls son being introduced today is specifically early meager years the YMCA in Hono to college. Employees fare better here than directed to the protection of children. It lulu has grown to the point where it was anywhere else in the world. Personally, I'd therefore does not attempt to employ necessary to establish branches in the like to see these superior wages that make the typical criteria of obscenity set forth possible superior living conditions long pre outlying areas. vail in our country but lf the inflationary by the Supreme Court Roth decision but On April 30, 1969, the Honolulu YMCA pressures mentioned above are long con instead sets forth with particularity the will observe its first 100 years of prog tinued, these good jobs wlll be destroyed and materials proscribed for mailing to chil ress. Since those simple beginnings in America wlll be reduced to mediocrity. dren or families with children; namely, 1869, the Honolulu association has con As the results of these problems are be explicit portrayals of sexual intercourse, tinually kept pace with the Increasing coming better and better recognized, I think sodomy, homosexuality and sadomaso needs of the Island community. As a for we may feel assured that attempts will be chistic abuse, with no artistic purpose made for a reasonable solution to the im mer member of the board of governors of balance between wages increases and produc other than appeal to prurient interests. the Kaimuki branch, YMCA, I commend tivity, for reductions in extensive govern I want to emphasize that my bill does all who have played a part in the growth ment spending, and for reduction of crime not seek to limit freedom of speech or of the Honolulu YMCA. and lawlessness. expression in the adult world. It does, Mr. Speaker, my colleagues and other Whether these efforts !or improvement can however, place responsibility for unso readers of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD will succeed or not will depend upon the general licited offensive mailings to children and find of interest, I am sure, the editorial atmosphere in the n ation. If we can create a families on obscenity racketeers who ob general atmosphere in which these problems on the Honolulu YMCA centennial which are properly recognized and in which solu viously are little concerned by artistic appeared in the January 24, 1969 edition tions are really desired, then improvements values. By requiring smut merchants to of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin: will come. If, on the contrary, the general determine whether their mailing lists In uyu CENTENNIAL public has no realization of the problems and clude the names or rammes with school consequently, the problems continue to grow age children, traffic In obscenity-espe A hundred years ago next April 30, the instead of being solved, then the efforts !or Honolulu YMCA came into being with 10 cially through the mails-will be members. They had been called together by improvement w1ll fall and America will go substantially reduced and perhaps all on moving in the same direction in all three Peter Cushman Jones, Thomas Rain Walker of these areas, which will be very, very detri but eliminated. and Sanford Ballard Dole who became the as mental. It is high time for Congress to take sociation's first president and was later to Therefore, I appeal to the American public meaningful action of this kind. write history as Hawaii's chief executive in February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2471 the turbulent years following the overthrow election, using the power of the office to in recent days. The Task Force Report on the of the monarchy. CO'Urts issued by the President's Commission get one's own pay increased. on Law Enforcement and Administration o/ Around the triangle that ls its symbol it I feel that if any pay raise is made built a program of physical, mental and spir Ju.stice reflects an awareness of the magni itual development. that it should not be effective during the tude of this problem. In the words of that one of its earliest decisions was to prove term of office for which the Members of Report: of profound importance in setting the tone Congress have been elected. "It is clear that existing programs do not for Hawaii's human relations. It offered help Considering the economic condition meet the need for prosecutor training tech to the Chinese who were coming to the Is of our Government at this time, I feel niques in the investigative, administrative, and broader law enforcement policy roles lands in large numbers, encouraging them to that the proposed pay raise is not to the become a part of the total community. played by the prosecutor. These matters have best interest of our country. not been seen as suitable subjects for the A little over half a century ago, the estab Therefore, I urge that you support the lishment of the Nuuanu YMCA advanced this attention of law schools and the legal program. Its mission was to carry on work resolutions which would prohibit the in scholarly community .. . the problems posed in the native tongues of the older Japanese, crease in salaries for the members of the are challenging, and their resolution should Chinese and Korean generations as well as in U.S. Supreme Court, Members of Con be the object of federal, local and profes English for their Hawaii-born children. Here gress, and members of the executive sional projects." (p. 74). The number of existing, formalized law as much as anywhere was rooted the strong branch of the Government. tree of a fully integrated Hawaii. Indeed, school-afflllated programs to train potential Nuuanu Y leaders were prominently identi career prosecutors is indeed spare. Northwest fied with the resolute stand Hawaii took ern University has a short one-week course when efforts were made to organize the first for those who are already prosecutors. Har Lions club here. They insisted that the Lions A GRADUATE PROSECUTOR FEL vard Law School encourages its undergrad open membership to all races. This was done LOWSHIP PROGRAM PROPOSED uate law students to engage in service in and the Lions became the worldwide orga BY PROFESSOR STARRS the local prosecutor's offices under a unique nization it now is. Massachusetts rule allowing law students to Today, the YMCA is as alert to contem practice as prosecutors in llmited situations porary needs as it was 100 or 50 years ago. without formal bar admission. But there is HON. PAUL G. ROGERS not yet in existence any graduate law pro In the words of Henry B. Clark, Jr.. president OF FLORWA of the YMCA of Honolulu, the Y "is now gram designed for career prosecutors which caught up in the continuing revolution of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wlll enable them to obtain on-the-job train our time. Even as we attack our decaying Monday, February 3, 1969 ing in conjunction with regular attendance environment, and encounter problems re at law sc.hool classes, all of which wm lead quiring vast concentrations of power to Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, towards a master of laws degree. The pro solve, we must also create new institutions the District of Columbia is experiencing posed Prosecutor Fellowship Program is in and energize old ones like the Y. a serious crime wave and many public tended as one effort to remedy the inade quacies In the professional training of prose "The basic need is human energy-the and private citizens have rallied to the Liberation of inventive intelligent, flexible cutors which are described in the Task Force call and submitted suggested solutions Report of the U.S. Crime Commission. energy and its use to develop new processes to meet the problem now, and to prevent to meet human need. Relevancy is the mod The dearth of programs designed to train ern word and this may be what we are its recurrence. prosecutors is all the more disturbing In searching for . . . " One such individual is Mr. James E. light of the development of numerous pro Since the early 1950s, the Y has been work Starrs, professor of law, George Wash grams geared to train lawyers on the defense ing to bridge the "generation gap" with its ington University, the National Law side of a criminal case or to prepare lawyers to undertake the representation of the in father-and-son Y-Indlan Guides program. It Center, who has proposed the establish h as leaped across the Paclflc to share a stu digent in civil and criminal litigations in gen ment of a graduate prosecutor fellow eral. This proposal in no way challenges the dent exchange program with mroshima in ship program to expand the expertise of Japan. It provides a training ground for citi legitimacy or necessity of those programs. zenship in its Model Legislature. It stimu those who must prosecute the criminal But 1f effective justice is to be achieved a lates brotherhOOd through its world service defendant. balanced perspective must be sought so that program. It sends workers out of its build I insert Professor Starrs' proposal at both sides in any adversary proceeding are ings to bring help to "disadvantaged" youth this point in the RECORD for the benefit at their optimum with respect to competence and responsib111ty. As Mr. Justice Cardozo in their own neighborhoods. of my colleagues: once put it: What of the future? Arthur J. Jackson the A PROPOSAL OF THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNI "Justice, though due to the accused, is metropolitan executive, puts it this way: VERSITY NATIONAL LAW CENTER FOR A "Our future, to be worthy of the pa.st, can due to the accuser also. The concept of fair GRADUATE PROSECUTOR- FELLOWSHIP PRO ness must not be strained tlll it ls narrowed not be envisioned in buildings, services, GRAM to a filament. We are to keep the balance budgets, public image, or the numbers of true. Snyder v. Massachusetts, 291 U.S. 97, people engaged in activities. It must be (Presented by James E. Starrs, professor of sought in more subtle fashion-In the qual law, George Washington University, the 122 (1934)." National Law Center) In short, justice will not be served by ity of llfe for which we influence youth training defense counsel to the exclusion of and it has to be matched by knowledge of 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION prosecutor training programs. This proposal program, materials, and training toward con It is proposed that the George Washing is intended to be a medium tor keeping the crete objectives-goals in terms of what we ton University National Law Center inaugu balance true between prosecution and de stand and work tor." rate a graduate course of training for per fense in any criminal proceeding. The YMCA occupies an honored place in sons interested in a career as public prose The necessity for righting the imbalance the social fabric of Hawaii. It has earned cutors. This training program shall involve high rank and seems intent upon going even a two year program involving evening at which presently exists in the tralnlng of higher by keeping pace with the changing prosecutors vis-a-vis defense attorneys was tendance at classes at the National Law recently alluded to in the Report of the Pres needs of a changing community. Center and dally assignment for in-service ident's Commission on Crime in the D istrict training to the office of the U.S. Attorney for of Columbia (D.C. Crime Commission Re the District of Columbia. Quallfled persons port). That report states: shall, upon acceptance into this program, be "The improved tralnlng for defense coun PAY INCREASES designated Prosecutor Fellows and shall be awarded a stipend for tuition and expenses sel through criminal law seminars, law which shall be sufficient to enable them to school programs, and coordinated planning HON. TOM BEVILL devote their full-time efforts to the in-serv by the Legal Aid Agency offers a challenge to ice and academic phases of the program. prosecution in the District of Columbia OF ALABAMA which must be met." (329) (emphasis sup BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OJ' THE PROGRAM IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES p~~ . As early as 1931, the Wickersham Com As an incidental matter, it is interesting to Monday, February 3, 1969 mission referred to the prosecutor as "the note that the DI.strict of Columbia now hosts Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, I support pivot on which the administration of crimi one of the most seasoned and well-recognized nal justice ... turns." (National Commis training programs for defense counsel in the the pending resolutions which would pro sion on Law Observance and Enforcement, nation. Reference ls made, of course, to the hibit the pay increases of the members of Report on Prosecution 11). But the paucity Georgetown University Prettyman Fellows. the legislative, judicial, and executive ot available programs tor intensive training To have a Prosecutor Fellowship Program branches of our Government. In my opin of persons who are interested ln a career as functioning ln the same community might ion, it is wrong to seek an office knowing public prosecutors, either on the state, local provide an ideal opportunity to evaluate the the salary that it pays, and then, after or federal level, has been glaringly apparent long-range impact of such training programs 2472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 upon the operation of the criminal Justice pllcant conditioned on his later completing theinselves to projects which have a reallstlc system. this requirement. and meaningful relation to the real world of It is, of course, an essential, although some 4. Acceptance for the program approved by the prosecutor's office. what collateral, objective of this proposal to the United States Attorney for the District (b) Specific courses of study encourage prosecutors to engage in a con of Columbia or the Department of Justice or tinuing program of training in new develop both. The course offerings available to the Prose ments of law, science and practice related to 5. Admission to practice before the highest cutor Fellows will include seminar courses, their functions. The implicit expectation is court of any state or the Dlstrlct Court for courses in inter-disciplinary matters and ad that the Prosecutor Fellows who complete the District of Columbia. This requirement vanced courses In the established curriculum this program's course of study will depart can be satisfied by admisslon -to practice of the National Law Center. It will also in with a recognition ot "the importance of su shortly after acceptance as a Prosecutor clude the development o:f new courses for the perior training programs" (D.C. Crime Com Fellow. National Law Center which shall be open to mission Report, p . 328) in the future on a 6. A demonstrated interest in such a pro Prosecutor Fellows as well a.s other graduate parallel to that which they have Just under gram or in a career ot public service as evi students or, when permitted by the Law Cen taken. denced by the successful completion of spe ter's applicable rules, under-graduate law This proposal is submitted, furthermore, in cialized courses in undergraduate law school students. the recognition that the training of a skilled in related areas, such as advanced courses The existing courses in the National Law and competent prosecutor requires more in Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, Center for which the Prosecutor Fellows shall than in-classroom time "book learning") participation in Legal Aid or public prosecu be eligible, including a brief description of but must involve simultaneous activities in tor activities at the law student level, etc. their contents (as abstracted from our cur service in the prosecutor's office. Indeed, rent bulletin) are: these duties outside the classroom must be a c. Duration of the program "1. Appellate Practice and Procedure (2 concrete and exacting effort to learn while Each Prosecutor Fellow shall be expected credits). on the job. And the work experience, we be to be in full-time residence in the program "Students participate In preparing an ac lieve, should include exposure to police prac for two years commencing in the fall of the tual criminal case on appeal, starting with tices and procedures by tours of police pre year in which selecied and terminating two review of trial transcript and culminating cincts and the like, where feasible. The bene years later. This full-time residence require with preparation of brief and oral argument fit in this suggestion is obvious. The poUce ment shall include assignment to the Office before U.S. Court of Appeals for the District prosecutor relation will be improved and of the United States Attorney of the Dis of Columbia Circuit or the U.S. Supreme strengthened by the increased insights each trict of Columbia, where the Prosecutor Fel Court. Appellate practice and procedure will gain of the operations and responsibili low will be employed, on a full working day's studied through texts; consultation with ap ties ot the other. basis, in those tasks or divisions to which pellate Judges, law clerks, and attorneys with In addition, we hope to familiarize the he shall be directed by the U.S. Attorney. cases pending on appeal; observation of argu Prosecutor Fellows with the services of the d. Fellowship sti pend ments In the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals. Admission by permission of the Federal Bureau ot Investigation which are Each Prosecutor Fellow shall be awarded available to qualified State, county and mu Instructor. an annual stipend in an amount not less "2. Forensic Medicine (2 credits). nicipal law enforcement agencies without than $5000 nor more than $7000, the exact charge. This feature of the program will In "Examples drawn from the range of prob amount of which to be determined by his lems arising when the professional interests clude a tour of the F .B.I. facilities and an prior experience and present circumstances explanation of the functions ot that agency of lawyers and physicians overlap. Problem of financial necessity. This amount Is ex contexts Include malpractice, personal in and the ways in which the F.B.I. can be most pected to cover the fellow's living expenses useful to these fellows as career prosecutors jury litigation, llcensure and discipline, for the year for which awarded. In addition ethics and economics, hospitals and other in the future. We are fortunate in having to this stipend, each fellow shall be allowed ready access to the national offices of the institutions of practice, and compelled treat to complete the In-classroom phase of the ment. Open to third-year medical students. F.B.I. in downtown Washington, D.C. program without the payment of tuition or We will also att empt to develop closer ties "3. Administration of Criminal Justice (2 fees. credits) . with the F.B.I. by establishing a continuing 3 . THE PROGRAM OF TRAINING working relationship between the F.B.I. Lab "Consideration and analysis of selected ad oratory and our Prosecutor Fellows. Such a 1. In-classroom phase. vanced problems in the admtnistratlon of relationship could be of great benefit to the a. In general criminal justice. The subject matter cov fellows by integrating the most advanced Each fellow wm be required to complete ered will vary from year to year, with con scientific investigation techniques and mate 24 semester hours of courses listed In the centration In areas of current Interest and rials with their academic work and making dynamic change (e.g., right to counsel, arrest George Washington University Bulletin for and interrogation, search and seizure, them familiar with the most advantageous the National Law Center as 300 or 400 series prejudicial publicity, discovery, electronic in methods of presenting this type of evidence (advanced courses) or when special permis terception, mental impairment) . Emphasis to the judge or jury in a trial court. The fact sion Is received, 200 series elective courses will be placed on the role and professional that the F.B.I. Laboratory is located In close with a mtnimum average of 75(B). Ordinarily, responsibilities of prosecutor and defense proximity to the National Law Center makes each fellow will be ill attendance at classes it very feasible to undertake such a coordi commencing at 5:50 P.M. and ending at counsel and on developmental trends in the nated program. law. 7:40 P.M. Attendance at three such sessions "4. Seminar: Constitutional Law (2 2 . SPECIFICS OF THE PROGRAM per week will fulfill the classroom require ments for six semester hours. In exceptional credits). a. The number of prosecutor fellows: "Group study of contemporary problems in circumstances, a fellow may be permitted to constitutional law; process of constitutional Eleven qualified applicants will be selected undertake more than six semester hours but for the program. To insure geographical normally six semester hours will be the max litigation; problems of effectuating constitu diversity among the applicants, an attempt tional guarantees. imum allowable. "5. Post-conviction Dispositions-Dynam shall be made to accept an applicant from Assuming that a fellow undertakes a each of the Judicial Circuits. However, the ics of the Law of Criminal Corrections (2 course of study Involving six semester hours credits) . primary standard of acceptabllity will be of training per semester for the required two competence and enthusiasm not geography. "Study of the statutes, practice, problems, year fellowship period, he will be able to and potentials of the alternatives facing a Since the total number of fellows is not in complete his course-study requirements for defendant Including: mental fitness to tended to exceed eleven during any one year his LL.M. (master of laws degree) In two proceed to trial, probation, sentencing, pa and since the program Is to have a two year years. Variations from this procedure will be role, correctional institutions, rights of duration, five applicants will be accepted for permitted where the fellow wishes to reduce prisoners. the first year and six the following. Succeed his individual course selections in any one "6. Law and Criminology I : Search for ing years, assuming the program continues or more semester It he Intends to take other the Causes of Criminal Behavior (2 credits). beyond the proposed two year term, will be courses during the summer school sessions at "Role which criminological knowledge of on a five-six applicant rotation basis. the National Law Center. crime causation may play in assisting law In addition, the fellow may, with the con b. Qualifications of prosecutor fellows: yers to appraise the effectiveness of various sent of the U.S. Attorney and the Director of alternative social and legal devices in con Each applicant in order to qualify for ac this program at the National Law Center, re trolling deviant behavior. The search for fac ceptance as a fellow must fulfill at least the ceive credit towards his masters degree for tors related to criminal ,behavior will be de following minimum qualifications: substantial research projects undertaken for veloped historically, with emphasls on cur 1. The award of a basic degree ( either LL.B. and under the supervision of the U.S. Attor rent causal theories developed by various or J.D.) from an ABA and AALS approved ney or his assistants. A m aximum of four disciplines. Model as well as operational and ·accredited law school. credit ho'.ll's will be allowed for this type of penal codes, sentencing and probation prac 2. A '.aw school class standing in the top endeavor. The purpose of this provision Is to tices, and specialized facilities will be ana 20% of their class. encourage the fellows to make a positive and lyzed in terms of their relationship to such 3. The receipt of any required F.B.I. or constructive contribution of a significant causal theories. police clearances. In certain cases, condi nature wit hin the Office of the U.S. Attorney "7. Law and Criminology II: Society's Re tional acceptance will be extended to an ap- as well as to enable the fellows to devote sponses to the Criminal Offender (2 credits). February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2473 "Study of the development and current Problems in Professional Responslbillty, It ls I will leave it to others to recount the use o! society's three major approaches to our conviction that this overlap will not de remarkable involvement and prodigious the handling of offenders: punitive, mechan tract from the independent value of this contributions of Mr. Harriman to the ical, and correctional. Emphasis on society's course. This course shall cover matters of ·cause of world peace and domestic changing responses to crlminal and delin strategy in the presentation of the govern progress. quent behavior, and research findings con ment's case and in cross-examining wit Suffice it to say that Mr. Harriman cerning effectiveness o! these responses. An nesses. Coverage shall extend from the pre alysis o! treatment strategies to facilltate liminary hearing to the sentencing phase and was at the arm of every Democratic ,communication between members of the shall Include situations as basic as prepar President from Franklin Roosevelt to legal profession and behavior scientists ing witnesses for trial to somewhat more Lyndon Johnson, offering sage counsel, charged with effectuating these strategies. complex matters, such as the prosecutor's boundless energy, incisive wit, and total "8. The Pollce and the Community (2 opening and closing statements." dedication. credits) . 2. Field work phase : Whether at Yalta, Teheran, or Pots "Analysis of the variety, prevalence and Each fellow will be assigned t o the Office dam; in Geneva on a Laos cease-fire; or causes of urban crime forces and proposals of the U.S. Attorney for the District of Co for improvement; the exercise of discretion, lumbia and will be under the direct super in Paris on a Vietnam peaoe, Averell Har abuse or "brutallty" at the time of arrest; vision of that office for his two year fellow riman was an elegant, effective states problems of pollce-community relations and ship period. Each fellow will be expected man. He is in fact one of the few men in the role of review boards; crimes of the ur to give his full-time at tention to the duties history who in achievement and in abil ban poor (such as vagrancy, "failure to move and responsibillties assigned to him by the ity, and not merely in title, deserved the on," and public drunkenness and their re Office of the U.S. Attorney. "rank and status of Ambassador Extraor lationship to more serious criminal activity; It is anticipated that the fellows will be dinary and Plenipotentiary." the poor as victims as crime and efforts to assigned for varying periods, according to a protect t hem other than by pol!ce activity system of rotation designed by the U.S. It was my great pleasure to work with (e.g., compensation for victims of crime and Attorney to any of the various branches of Ambassador Harriman on problems of crime prevention through minimization of the U.S. Attorney's office to which the U.S. East-West trade during and subsequent opportunity). Attorney may find It desirable and timely to to an American Assembly at Harriman " 9. Interdisciplinary Seminar on the Ju appoint them. The presently existing divi House and to consult with him frequent venile Court (2 credits). sions of the U.S. Attorney's office are t he ly while he served at the Department of "Lectures and reading materials include Grand Jury, Criminal Trial, Appellate, Gen sociological, psychological, and psychiatric State. eral Sessions and Special Proceedings Divi A man of Mr. Harriman's enthusiasm views on prevention, diagnosis, and treat sions. The listing of these divisions ls not ment in addition to analysis of statutes, intended in any way to bind the U.S. Attor and intelligence will be missed in public court rules, and reported cases pertaining ney to assign any or all of the fellows at life. But he will not be able to retire en to delinquency, dependency, custody, and any time to any one or more of these divi tirely from public life. His ideas and ad child abuse. Emphasis on the role of the sions. However, it does now seem necessary vice will be of large value to the Nation. lawyer in this court. for these Prosecutor Fellows to receive in I think, from past experience, that we "10. Seminar: Law and Psychiatry (2 terim appointments to the U.S. Attorney's credits) can expect that we have yet to see the Office for t he District of Columbia, as spe last of Averell Harrtman's contributions "This seminar ls designed ( 1) to expose the cial assistant U.S. Attorneys. This would lawyer to some of the constructs of dynamic seem to be both a legal and practical pre to the United States of America and the psychiatry dealing with human personality requisite to their performing their tasks In people of the world. and behavior, and to relate them to prob that office. Discussions are now underway lems encountered in legal practice; (2) to with members of the Department of Justice provide information-both psychiatric and for the purpose of obtaining the approval of legal-bearing upon such topics as mental the U.S. Attorney General on this matter. CHICAGO SUN-TIMES MAKES TWO mness and tort liabillty ("traumatic neu More complete and specific details on this rosis," malpractice, commission of torts by phase of the program will, It ls anticipated, EXCELLENT PROMOTIONS mentally 111 persons); hospitalization of the be proposed by the Office of the U.S. At mentally 1ll and mentally retarded; guardian torney and made a part of this proposal. ship; ad hoc determinations of incompetency Estimated budget HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI (testamentary, contractual, and donative OF ILLINOIS capacity; capacity to marry, have custody of 1st year : children; mental Illness as a ground for di Fellowship stipends: at an average IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of $6,000 per annum for 6 vorce; eugenic 11terlllzatlon); mental 1llness Monday, February 3, 1969 and the criminal law (psychiatric evalua persons ------$36, 000 tions in criminal cases, determinations of Tuition and fees : at $760 per stu- Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Chi competency to stand trial, criminal respon dent ------4, 500 cago Sun-Times announced over the Faculty support of program at Bibillty); and (3) to examine the role of weekend two promotions which I believe psychiatry in legal settings, Including the Y:i salBrY------7, 000 Preparation o! course materials___ 3, 000 wm bring to Midwest journalism two effective use of the psychiatrist and psychol Printing and mailing______1, 000 outstanding journalists in management ogist as expert witness." Other courses which would be specially Miscellaneous expenses------2, 500 positions. designed and offered to fulfl.11 the objectives The Sun-Times has promoted its city of this program would include at least the Total ------64, 000 editor, Kenneth D. Towers, to the posi 2d year : tion of assistant managing editor in following subjects as described: Fellowship stipends: at an average "1. Advanced Evidence (2). of $6,000 per annum for 11 per- charge of administration and its as "The examination of expert witnesses on sons ------66, 000 sistant city editor, James Peneff, to the scientific m atters would be the pre-eminent, Tuition and fees : at $800 per stu- position of city editor. although not the exclusive, concern of this 8,800 The announcements made by James F . course. (It ls to be hoped that experts from dent ------Faculty¥., salary support ______of __program______at__ Hoge, Jr., editor of the Sun-Times, are the F.B.I. Laboratory will be able to partici 11 , 000 pate in structuring and presenting this Printing and maillng______particularly welcome to me since it has 1,000 my course. I! this possibillty materializes, It ls Miscellaneous expenses ______2,600 been great pleasure to know both expected that experts from the F.B.I. would Mr. Towers and Mr. Peneff for many, be available to discuss document examina many years and consider both of them tion, serology, petrography, show and tire ex Total ------89, 300 newspapermen's newspapermen. aminations, etc.) 2-year totaL ______143, 300 I am extremely happy to see both Mr. "2. Problems in Professional Responsibiltty Towers and Mr. Peneff promoted and I (2) . believe this is in keeping with a policy "This course will Include an evaluation of TRIBUTE TO AVERELL W. started by the Chicago Sun-Times some the prosecutor's discretion In charging and HARRIMAN dismissing offenses as well as the methods years back in attracting to its manage used In the presentation of his case. Mat ment team working newspapermen who ters of current concern and controversy such HON. JEFFERY COHELAN know from their own experience the as the discovery of evidence or information In OF CALIFORNIA day-to-day problems of running a mod the possession of the prosecutor will be dis ern newspaper. cussed. The Canons of Ethics and other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This policy of promoting from within sources will be employed. Wednesday, January 29, 1969 "3. Criminal Trial Tactics (2) . has raised the Chicago Sun-Times to "Although there ls bound to be some Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, I join to one of the most highly respected news dupllcatlon between this course and the day in paying tribute to an extraordinary papers in American journalism and it ls materials offered In Advanced Evidence and man, Mr. Averell Harriman. not by accident that this fine publica- 2474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 tion ls today called-with a considerable GUNNAR MYRDAL ence. From me you must expect rather an degree of pride--the bright one. attempt to sketch in broad outlines the gen Mr. Towers and Mr. Peneff join an eral problems o! development in the under excellent management team at the Chi HON. DON EDWARDS developed countries of the region and, more OJ' CALD'ORNIA particularly, the role the public services play, cago Sun-Times and I am sure their and could play, 1n planning. In my opinion promotion will add to the paper's stat IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES that role ls important. ure and growth. Monday, February 3, 1969 Although the title of my lecture ls more It is my privilege today to place in the encompassing and although underdeveloped RECORD Mr. Hoge's official announcement Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. countries in the whole world have problems as published in the Sunday editions of Speaker, Gunnar Myrdal is probably the in common, I will be speak1ng primarily the Chicago Sun-Times. I wish both Mr. best known sociologist in the world. The about the region I call South Asia-including Swedes are known for excellence in many Southeast Asia-stretching from Pakistan in Towers and Mr. Peneff the very best of fields and Gunnar Myrdal year after year the West to the Phillpplnes In the East. That success in their difficult assignment. delimitation includes the majority of the American journalism benefits when men has added to that reputation. His work countries actually represented here and of of their caliber are promoted to respon on the Negro in America which deline those whose presence should have been de sible management positions. ated problems few of our social scientists sirable and appropriate. About the problems The Sun-Times article follows: recognized at the time, established his In West Asia-what ls commonly called the reputation in this country many years "Middle East" or "Near East"-Northern Asia, TOWERS NAMED AN ASSISTANT MANAGING EDI ago. Last year, social scientists and stu including Russian Siberia and China, or East TOR-PENEFF Is APPOINTED CITY EDITOR dents of world problems anxiously re Asia with Japan, Korea and Formosa, my The promotion of Kenneth D. Towers to knowledge ls more scanty. assistant managing editor-administration ceived his great new three-volume work, For substantiation of what I have to say, was announced Sunday by James F. Hoge "Asian Drama: An Inquiry Into the Pov I refer to a work of mine published this Jr., editor of The Sunday Times. erty of Nations." It was the product of spring under the title Asian Drama, An In Hoge also announced that James Peneff many years of study and observation in quiry into the Poverty of Nations (Twentieth has been promoted to city editor, succeed Asia. Century Fund and Pantheon Books, New ing Towers in that post. Peneff formerly was Mr. Speaker, I have had the honor of York; Penguin Books, London). first assistant city editor. knowing this brilliant and charming n "These appointments reflect the continued man, and it gives me great pleasure to growth of The Sun-Times and the conse Except for Thailand, the countries in the quent need of an expanded executive struc insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a re region were not countries at all until after ture," Hoge said. cent trenchant and down-to-earth state the Second World War but were colonial de "In addition to his wide-ranging admin ment made to the second Asian Regional pendencies of one appellation or another, and Conference on the subject of the public they were commonly referred to as "back istrative duties, Ken Towers will participate ward areas." After their gaining independ 1n editorial planning and supervise special work force in the so-called underdevel news projects that take advantage of his ence, a political revolution that went forward oped countries. I trust that not only my as an avalanche in the wake of the war, this knowledge of Chicago and of the newspaper colleagues will read Mr. Myrdal's analy business. static term became changed into a dynamic sis, but that our AID and State Depart one: they characterized themselves, and AWARD WINNER ment people will do likewise: were generally recognized, as "underdevel "Jim Peneff brings to his new post the oped countries." The later terminological repertorlal understanding of an award THE ROLE OF THE PuBLIC SERVICES IN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES change to "developing countries" represents winning labor correspondent and the admin in my view confusion of thought. Their istrative know-how of an excellent assistant (Lecture at the Second Asian Regional Con problem ls not that they are "developing" city editor." ference of Public Services International In some are actually not, others are not devel Towers, 33, who has served as city editor Singapore, November 14, 1968, by Gunnar Myrdal) oping very rapidly or in the right dlrection since 1967, began his newspaper career as but that they are underdeveloped and have copy boy for The Sun-Times. He worked as I set as their goals to develop by means of a reporter and rewrlteman for 10 years be I would first like to express my great ap state plannlng.1 fore he was named assistant city editor in preciation for having been invited to appear This matter of terminology ls not alto 1965. before this important assembly to express gether unimportant. The term "developing As a reporter, Towers won a Chicago my views on the role of the Public Services countries•' signifies a deeper tendency to Newspaper Guild award for the best feature 1n the efforts to spur and direct development severely biased thinking about their devel story of 1959-an account of how a steel In underdeveloped countries through plan- opment problems. In both the highly devel worker's family weathered a long strike. oped and the underdeveloped countries, the ni~ghave read with great interest the Report problems we are facing together would be NATIVE CHICAGOAN ot Proceedings of the First Asian Confer Towers ls a native Chicagoan and the very much less serious if this "diplomacy in ence of the Public Services International held terminology," as I have called it, actually holder of a bachelor's degree in philosophy at Kuala Lumpur In September 1965. That from Northwestern University. represented a realistic view.• Report has increased my insight into the This opportunistic-and generally over He and his wife, Rita, live in the South practical problems in the several countries of Shore district. the region that are meeting the drive to optlmlstlc-blas in appraising the situation of the underdeveloped countries ls strength Peneff, 57, ls marking his 25th year with organize the public employees: in regard to this newspaper. He started with The Chi freedom of association, methods of fixing ened by the tendency to use the concepts, cago Times, a predecessor of The Sun-Times conditions of employment and settling dis models and theories we have forged for the in 1944 and quickly won a reputation as a putes, unifying the organizations by counter analysis of the economic problems of the top labor reporter. highly developed countries, without ques acting splits along ethnic and religious lines, tioning whether they are adequate to reality WIDE EXPERIENCE making the unions instruments for educa tion and entertainment of the members and in South Asia. Most of these conceptual tools He received a Chicago Newspaper Guild their fainllies, and bringing about the par are meaningless, or nearly so, for the larger award in 1946 for a series of articles on the ticipation of the unions and their members part of the economic life in this region. life of a coal miner, Peneff took a job in a in planning, and so on. I have also noted When 1n the entire economic discussion and mine to get the story. the importance to them ot being affiliated In all plans we reason 1n terms of national In addition to labor coverage, he has with the Public Services International and product or income, savings, investment, em worked as a rewrlteman and on a wide of their bringing to use the activity ot the ployment and underemployment, markets, variety of general assignments. International Labor Organization. The de prices, and technical coefficients, and so on, Peneff' has been first assistant city editor liberations of this conference, like the one what we are abstracting from ls attitudes, since 1967 and served as an assistant city three years ago, have been focussed upon institutions, and the productivity-depressing editor for seven years prior to that promo these practical problems, and to listen in effects of substandard levels of living. We tion. today and yesterday has contributed to my have the right to make this slmpllficatlon He attended Crane Junior College from continuing strivings to inform myself of the in highly developed countries-although in 1929 to 1931 and Lewis Institute (now n development problems of the region. my oplnlon less completely than most of my llnols Institute of Technology) from 1931 I have not understood my function at this colleagues believe-but in the underdevel to 1933, majoring in chemistry. conference to be to discuss those specific oped countries this abstraction ls closing our Peneff and his wife, Jean, live in Mount problems that tor natural reasons have pri Prospect. They have three children. ority when you meet for a regional confer- Footnotes at end of speech. February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2475 eyes to some of the peculiar traits that raise ties"; but a study of what actually Is taking are the rule almost everywhere at the lower difficulties for development. place in the two types of countries does not levels of public services and often also at A realistic analysis must be ln terms of show too great differences.• All countries, the highest levels, particularly in those institutional economics and must account though to a dUferent degree, must control countries of the region which have not been also for levels of living, attitudes and insti private enterprise 1n various respects.• British dependencies and which after lib· tutions. And planning for development must The state both as entrepreneur and when eratlon adhered to the British tradition of include policies directed upon changing these controlling private enterprise has to rely on paying higher officials generously. At the elements of reality that are excluded In the public services as the instrument of carry lower levels the low wages p,nd also the over conventional economic analysis. ing out Its policies. The very fact of planning, stafflng In the public services are related Let me add here that If I thus Insist that therefore, enhances very decisively the role to the underutilization of labor generally the analysis of the underdeveloped countries of the publtc services for development. These in these economies and the cheapness of In the region, in order to be realistic, must countries will have ltttle chance of rapid labor that Is a main characteristic of under take into account factors that are irrational and continuing development, If they do not development In all the countries of the re from a modernization point of view, this succeed to build up an efficient cadre of gion.• does not Imply that the value premises publtc servants, reaching from the highest Related to both overstaffing and low wages should not be the modernization Ideals.• As positions tn the state clvl! service down to ts tnfertor competence for fulfilling their we all know, these ideals-and among them, the local men in the police forces, the duties, due to deficient education and train In the first hand, the gradual breaking down teachers in the schools, and all the others ing. Better trained personnel in public serv of the Inegalitarian social and economic employed by public authorities. ices would decrease the need-and the ex stratification inherited from colonialism and cuse-for having the overgrown staffs and rv would, at the same time, motivate higher before that from the traditional society-have The role of public services ln development become a sort of modern state religion and wages. have determined the conceptual frame and is thus to be the executors of publtc policies, Having better trained but fewer employees the vocabulary of all present discussion of and this role ls becoming ever more Impor even at higher wages would not only raise public issues In countries of the region. tant as these countries find themselves under the efficiency of the publtc services in the the deslrablltty and, indeed, necessity of interest of development but would in the Moreover, all these countries have in one planning for development. Let me on this sense passed the point of no return. With normal case actually Imply an economy in point first stress that the organization of the the total costs for public services. Reforms the present and for decades foreseeable de publtc services in unions should from a velopment of the population and the labor in these directions would be easier to carry planning point of view be viewed as a mighty out If there was not that tremendous pres· force, a rather rapid modernization of these vehicle for progress. societies is necessary not only to speed devel sure of unused, or underut111zed, cheap labor It ls an experience from all over the world in the whole economy that now characterizes opment but to prevent a turn towards in that when workers in a particular profession creased misery. these countries. It ts a main goal of plan or trade organize themselves in an associa ning for development to reach a higher level m tion, this has regularly led to building up of the utilization of the labor force, but a There are several reasons why conditions pride in their responsibillty and t.helr work, main policy Instrument in the planning for in the underdeveloped countries in South the demand for proper education and train that development Is an Improvement of the Asia are very much less favorable to devel ing, and generally the raising by collective public services. opment than they once were In the now efforts of standards of work being done and This ls the type of circular causation that highly developed countries.• the status In society of the workers. As I wlll ts sometimes characterized as a vicious cir The climate in the tropical and subtropical come to develop later, even the raising of cle, holding down an underdeveloped coun zones implies on the whole for many rea levels of remuneration in the publtc services try in continued relative stagnation. But it sons greater inhibitions for development. in the region, if that becomes an effect of should be remembered that the circle can Generally speaking, the resource basis in the organization, will in the ordinary case imply be changed into becoming a virtuous one. region is poorer. The trading position of greater efficiency and even higher economy in This ls actually what we mean by develop these countries has on the whole been dete the longer run. ment, In this case Implying an Improvement riorating almost since the First World War. When the political authorities in some of of the public services part passu with a bet· The population increase ls two or three times the countries in South Asia have not under ter utilization of the labor force all around.'• faster than it ever was in Europe. stood this, but tried to restrict freedom of Conditions vary, of course, as between di!· Although there ls a very much improved association of publtc employees, to evade ferent countries. And there are also partial technology that can be borrowed-which by the settlement of wages and other conditions exceptions to the above broad generaliza· itself should imply a comparative advan of employment by collective bargainlng, and tlons. The schools, for instance, are not over tage-its adjustment to local conditions tn to counteract the efforts to strengthen and staffed by teachers, and certainly not if we South Asta meets various difficulties. More centralize the unions, they have acted against count only the qualified ones.u Particularly important ls, however, the dynamic effect the true national interest In development. in the largest and poorest countries of the of the fact that the development of science They have ,then not understood that, by It region, Pakistan and India, a main deterrent and technology to the very largest extent is self, the organization of the public servants for choosing the teaching profession and also directed upon the further development of In unions represents a change towards the a hindrance for the teachers to win the social the highly developed countries, whose gov realization of the modernization Ideals that status In their communities necessary for ernments, universities and industries are are the basic value premises for planning for having the beneficlent influence that from a paying for it. When for natural reasons tt Is development, a change that should be the development point of view they should have, steered by interests in those countries, tt more important because of the crucial role In is the exceedingly low wages. Also when tax often works to the detriment of the under the development process of the public assessment and tax payment 1s deplorably developed countries. The continuous sub services. inefficient In the countries of the region, part stitution of synthetic products for tradi v of the explanation ts that both the number tional exports from the region ls one ex The student can detect several serious and and the competence of officials engaged for ample. systematic deficiencies in the functioning this purpose have been kept down by the In view of the facts I have thus hinted at of the publtc services present to a varying vested interests of people who want to avoid the presently underdeveloped countries ti:i degree in all South Asian countries. These as much as possible paying taxes; keeping South Asia cannot expect to develop rapidly deficiencies are all Interrelated and they are the salaries low also has made the officials and continuously by leaving their economies all signs of, or rather elements in, these more amenable to corruption (see below) .u to ,the free evolution of economic forces, as countries' state of underdevelopment. With One Important cause of deficiencies in pub was largely true in the now highly developed the crucial role of the public services in the lic services ts the extended and complicated countries during the liberal era. They need development process, the overcoming of these system of rules and regulations in these state planning, which means the instigation deficiencies becomes a particularly Impor countries and generally their excessive bu of coordinated state policies aimed at spur tant part in the policies to spur and direct reaucracy. Part of this characteristic Is an ring and directing developments, and as I development by planning. inheritance from the paternaltstlc colonial have already mentioned, these policies must One common deficiency of the publtc serv regimes that preceded the present politically Include systematic efforts to change atti ices ls ooersta:tfing, particularly at the lower independent governments. To most of those tudes and tnstttuttons in the direction of levels.• They are overstaffed at the present, newly independent governments, and of all modernization.• Irrationally extensive and compltcated sys individual persons stepping into responsibil· tem of rules and regulations (see below) and lty, doing the things the foreign rulers had Planning tn this sense of coordinated poli would be still more so in a more rational been doing, and exerting the controls they cies will imply the state Itself going into system of admlnlstratlon. The tremendously had exerted, was seen to be the essence of enterprises and investment in public utllt their countries' independence. Generally, the tles of all sorts, banking, sometimes trading, rapid Increase of persons employed in public services since ltberatlon ls generally known. proltferatlon of regulations In every section and even in manufacturing industry. Some The great numbers of "hangers around", who of national life and on every level became countries In the region prefer to call their do little useful work, in offices and the low their ambition, as again can be observed even policies "socialistic", while others charac efficiency generally in work performance ts 1n a superficial contact with these countries. terize themselves as "free enterprise socle- apparent at even a superficial inspection. Meanwhile the adminlstrative services on the The low wages paid publtc employees ls higher level had been severely depleted by Footnotes at end of speech. related to overstafflng. Exceedingly low wages the expatriation of the colonial officials, par-, CXV--157-Part 2 2476 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 t1cularly 1n countries like Burma and In vz 1ng Is nothing but the general theory of the donesia where 1n colonial time few of the The deficiencies in the publlc services rep elfects of unionization which has been tested Indigenous peoples had been permitted to resent serious impediments blocking and in many countries for long times. 68p1re to entrance to the services on that slowing down development in the South In such a development the organizations level, but even in Pakistan where the great Asian countries. As they are rooted in the and their leaders will undoubtedly encounter majority o! them opted for India. present state of underdevelopment and have confilcts of interest. One obvious case is to In regard to economic planning, all the become fastened upon society by a long his· what extent they shall defend those em· countries in the region-although to a vary tory, they are not easily remedied. ployees who should Jose their jobs in any ing degree--have preferred what I call dis The general underut111zatlon of labor 1n effort to counteract overstaffing or the en cretionary operational controls over pri these countries and, of course, the misdirec forcement of stricter competence require· vate enterprise before non-discretionary tion of education resulting in the phenome ments. Such efforts conflict, of course, with ones carried out through price policy meas non known as the "educated unemployed" the interests to press up wage levels. It ls my ures and other non-discretionary measures.1• raise hindrances against overcoming the gen opinion that the latter interests should be They usually institute all sorts of what I eral overstaffing in the public services. With given precedence although I am aware of the call positive controls in order to promote out a radical reform of the direction and fact that often union policy will have to private enterprise and investment, such as content of education 1t ls also dlfll.cult to strike a compromise and move by gradual import controls and other protective meas raise competence levels in the public services. steps. ures, low interest rates, tax holidays, et Higher wage levels are difficult to press Generally speaking, I believe that the cetera, and they do it so much that they through In countries with sPVerely strained policies of the public employees unions, in then have to counteract their effects by nega publ!c :finances and with cheap labor avail order to be maximally successful over the tive controls. able all around. The rat!onallzatlon of the longer stretch of time, need to keep them· This is like driving a car with the acceler overextended system of rules and procedures selves aware of the broader problems of plan· ator to the floor and all brakes on, which ls and of bureaucracy assumes a rather funda ning for development and the need to fashion not an economic way o! getting it to move mental change In people's ideas about poll· their own policies to flt the wider goals of at the desired speed and in the desired di cles and administration and, what is even development. I can see few confilcts between rection. In the present context, the impor more difficult to bring about, the gradual the true interests of public employees and tant thing is that this type o! planning overcoming of the "soft state". Part of this the development interests of the wider so economic development is severely overtaxing huge practical problem Is the eradication of ciety, lf both types of interests are viewed in the administrative resources, which are weak corruption as a widespread pattern of life the broader and longer perspective and con to begin with. and work. ceived in the light of a more accompUshed All the countries in the region are soft theory o! underdevelopment, development 1 I am then In condensed form formulating states, again to a varying degree. • By that some Important tasks for planning for de and planning for development than the con term I want to characterize a general lack o! ventional one. social discipline, slgnifled by deficiencies in velopment which are generally overlooked In When In this as In the first Asian Con· their legislation and, in particular, in law most economic 11terature, which is focused ference o! the Public Services International observance and enforcement, lack o! obedi on Investment, Including the most recent the demand has been raised for participa ence to rules and directives handed down to contributions that are also E THE COST OP' FOREIGN Am The per capita American growth rate ls about any publlc employe engaging In a strike be {By William R. Frye) 5 per cent. summarily fired. MAYAGUEZ.-The greatest challenge, and Public dissatisfaction with foreign aid, es After the particularly frustrating transit the greatest opportunity, facing President pecially In leading donor countries, Is a drag strike o! early 1966, Gov. Rockefeller urged elect Richard M. Nixon , In the eyes of many on development and a serious challenge to revision of the law, and appointed a commit foreign observers, Is not the Middle East or the second Development Decade (1971-1981). tee headed by Prof. George W. Taylor of the Vietnam or Soviet-American relations. It Is The United States no longer Is the world's University of Pennsylvania to suggest the need to recover lost momentum In the principal donor country. In proportion to changes. The committee recommended doing area of foreign aid. GNP, it ranks seventh. away with the mandatory provision for dis The extent to which development assist The American contribution has sllpped missal but proposed tha t courts be able to to 0.7 per cent of the GNP (1967 figures) as Impose unlimited fines against unions and ance (as they call It) dominates the mental against 1.24 per cent for France and 1.01 deprive them of their dues checkoff privilege horizons of m1111ons of people In a phenome per cent for the Netherlands. Germany, Brit [whereby the employer deducts union dues non Utt le appreciated In the richer parts of ain, Belgium and Australla also devote more from paychecks and turns the money over to the world. To poor countries, there Is no of their GNP to development aid than the the union) for an unlimited period. preoccupation that remotely approaches It In United States does, though in several cases The unions denounced these proposals and importance and urgency. "aid" Is broadly defined. The figure for the demanded a law, If it can be called that, I have just had this fact brought home to Soviet Union is roughly 0.1 per cent. without any penalties at all. The haggling me, once again, here at an Inter-American Roughly 85 per cent of the cost of develop went on for two months, until the threat of "Water for Peace" conference at the Maya ment has been paid, and must be paid, Hoff a police and fire strike In New York City guez Hilton Hotel, a pleasant country-club man says, by the people of the developing brought passage of a compromise blll backed sized resort on the attractive but Uttle-vis countries themselves. The remaining 15 per by Gov. Rockefeller. The Taylor law, as it Is lted west coast of Puerto Rico. cent, while relatively small, ls indispensible called, limits the maximum fine against a Of the 35 governmental and private ex "if we are to compress within 30--40 years the union to $10,000 a day and limits the dues perts from 22 countries and seven Interna process of development which took the west checkoff suspension to 18 months. tional organizations here to study ways of ern world 200 years." The strikes against the public have gone using water more effectively In economic de Growing recognition that this goal must be on as usual. The garbage collectors are ap· velopment, eight approached me In the first reached, he says, Is "one of the most Impor pealing a fine of $80,000 against the union 24 hours to ask anxiously and earnestly tant developments in the history of man and $250 against their president, but even if what Nixon would do about foreign aid. kind." If so, he Is having a great deal to do they lose, the amount involved is too small to They are well aware t h at In recent weeks with making history. be an adequate deterrent. Teachers, transit two major American study groups have re workers, and hospital workers, too, have leased comprehensive reports, after long In walked off their jobs. In all, there have been quiry, urging a revamping and revitalization nine Ulega1 strikes since the Taylor law was of the foreign-aid program. STRIKES AGAINST THE PUBLIC enacted. Dr. Taylor lamented that New York But, they ask, will Nixon's heart be In It? was setting a bad example for other states Does he understand Its importance? If so, which face the same problem. can he get It through Congress? Have the HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK What is wrong? Gov. Rockefeller asked the American people Irrevocably soured on for committee to study the matter again, and the eign aid? Oli' OHIO committee reported that the Taylor law is There are no ready answers. Nixon has not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES too weak. It repeated its original recom shown his hand; he may not have given the Monday, February 3, 1969 mendations with respect to fines and dues subject much thought. It probably has low checkoffs. Gov. Rockefeller says that the rec priority with him. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, recent ommendations will be put before the legis The President-elect was exposed during a experiences in the area of strikes by lature, and we can expect another long verbal UN visit last month, to the highly persua public employees illustrate that not battle In Albany. sive and superbly Informed commander-in only is there required adequate laws to New York's trouble should serve as an ex chief of the UN's war on poveTty, Paul G. discourage this disruption of public serv ample for the Illlnois legislature, which is Hoffman. Nixon came away sounding Im going to have to face the problems of strikes pressed. ice but firm authorities fully prepared against the publlc here. Already there have Hoffman ls still the grand old man of eco to punish violators. As the Chicago Trib been strikes by teachers and bus drivers. The nomic development . Despite all rebuffs for une noted in one of its editorials of Feb Supreme couTt has ruled such strikes 111egal, the UN's first "Decade of Development" ruary 3, the State of New York has had but a law is still needed to provide for pro (1961-1971), he refuses to take a defeatist its share of difficulties in trying to cope cedures and penalties to aveTt them. view. with strikes of public employees. The New York's experiences should help our It took a generation for the idea of con Condon-Wadlin law of 1947 was con legislature to draft the best law possible. But servation to catch on with the American sidered too harsh and was replaced in they should a.Jso serve as a reminder that the people he recalls. When first broached by best law possible is not going to stop strikes Gifford Pinchot In 1912, it was scorned as New York by the Taylor law. Since this by public employes unless local authorities nonsense. Two hundred years may be neces law went into effect in 1966 there have are determined to enforce it. The unions in sary before everyone pitches in to help with been nine illegal strikes to date, the stat New York have made up their minds that development, he says. ute has been described as too lenient, they are going to strike when they want, no Things are moving somewhat faster than and at the present time corrective legis matter who Is huTt or what the law says, that. lation is again being considered. and neither Gov. Rockefeller nor Mayor Lind Ten years ago, when Hoffman first joined As the controversy continues in New say has done very much to cure them of their the UN's humanitarian "general staff," there arTOgance. was exactly $26.5 million a year to spend on York as to best protect the public welfare helping two-thirds of the world-2 billion against strikes by those on public pay people-lift themselves by their bootstraps. rolls, it would behoove other States Now the UN Development Program has a throughout the Nation to review their yearly budget of $180 million. This is still legislative machinery for coping with A TRIBUTE TO A LEADING peanuts, but it is a lot more than it was. similar eventualities. New York's recent CLEVELAND CITIZEN It Is not enough to Win the war. Popula history regarding public employee strikes tion growth In many of the poorer countries is eating up so much of the increase In gross should be a warning that this issue is fraught with potential strife in which, it HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN national product (GNP) that the average net OF OHIO per capita Improvement is something like 1.5 seems, the public has suffered the most. per cent--roughly $1.50 a year, the average I include the above-mentioned edi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES per capita Income In two-thirds of the world torial, "New York's Quest for Labor Monday, February 3, 1969 being $100 a year or less. Peace," from the Chicago Tribune of Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, some But that ls not the full story. In 25 of the February 3, 1969, in the RECORD at this 44 countries getting the most UN aid, the weeks ago, an old and dear friend, Judge unadjusted growth rate has been boosted to point: Felix T. Matia, of the court of common 5 per cent or more, and in two (South Korea NEW YORK'S QUEST FOR LABOR PEACE pleas, Cleveland, Ohio, celebrated his and Malawi) it Is over 10 per cent. When ad Nothing that New York state does, as it 78th birthday. This festive occasion justed to population, economic growth in the thras:b.es about in search of a law which will served to remind us in Cleveland how 25 countries averaged 3 per cent per capita. stop a crippling series of strikes by public This is not sensational; it is nowhere near employes, seems to work. fortunate we are that our city can claim good enough. But it represents some progress, The Condon-Wadlin law, passed in 1947 a man of Judge Matia's talent. and proves that poverty can be licked. when Thomas E. Dewey was governor, was Since Judge Matia has over 50 years If the birth rate could be kept under rea never wholeheartedly enforced. Its failure of dedicated public service to his credit, sonable control, the results would be good. was blamed on its severity. It required that together with a host of other laudable February 3, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2487 endeavors, I thought my colleagues would student stations ln towns such as Albuquer He said some of the demonstrators are que; Portland, Oreg.; St. Louis, Ea.st Orange, "pa.ranoics," but that "there are no more certainly want to share in a most deserv N.J.; and Buffa.lo, Mo. But these a.re FM sta para.noics a.round than before, but now the ing tribute to a man of great stature and tions, which limit student participation. mass media give them more attention." intergrity. WRHS ls an AM station, whose signal is fed Bettelhelm, professor o! education, psy Judge Matia has been a longtime lead into power lines, which a.ct as antenna. Un chology, and psychiatry at the university, is er of the Polish community and Greater der Federal Communications Commission a well known authority on child psychology. Cleveland. When city parks director, he rules, students can handle any job on such He sa1d the leaders of the demonstrators vigorously championed thoughtful and a station with limited range. a.re "very ra.t1ona.l people who are trying to innovative programs to benefit Cleve WRHS' key ls student involvement. They foment a revolution." write many of the programs, do all the an "They use the mass of irrational students land's residents. Judge Matia made an nouncing, and learn the electronics skills to gain this end," he said. "What they want enviable record as city prosecutor. He needed to run a radio station. For the pa.r ls Maoism, nihlllsm, and anarchy." performed ably as a member of the board ents, of course, there ls news, cultural en He said he hoped that the university ad of elections and his chairmanship of the richment, and a chance to catch up on some ministration will not try to use force to executive and central committee was of their own missing education. clear the six-story administration building noteworthy. WRHS' success has brought inquiries from of the protestors who have taken it over and Judge Matia participated actively in scores o! towns in North Carolina., Ohio, held it since Thursday noon. Florida, Georgia, and Colorado, all of which I "I don't believe in violence and I don't want our military efforts during World War see campus radio as a useful educational to make martyrs out of anyone," he said. as a lieutenant in the Cavalry and has tool. unceasingly continued to work for the SYMPATHY REACTION NOTED ideas and aims that have helped to make He said universities in all countries a.re DR. BETTELHEIM CALLS UNIVER "soft spots" in society because students get this country great. public sympathy when they a.re involved in Cleveland is proud of him and I am SITY OF CHICAGO REBELS PARA NOIC a "confrontation" with police. proud to have him as my friend. He said the ringleaders of anarchy often go to universities to breed revolt because HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI "one, there are lots of young people who are STUDENT STATION WRHS OPENS OF U.LINOIS excitable, two, universities won't call in po EDUCATIONAL DOORS lice, and three, 1! police a.re called they won't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shoot." Monday, February 3, 1969 Students attending the university enter HON. ROY A. TAYLOR 1nto a contra.ct with the school, he said, and OJ' NORTH CAROLIN A Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Mr. "1! a student disrupts this university, then, Bruno Bettelheim, the very distinguished in my opinion, he is guilty of a breach of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES psychologist and educator who teaches contract." Monday, February 3, 1969 at the University of Chicago, said during Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, the fol a press conference in Chicago this week lowing article from the National Ob end that student demonstrators are HON. WILBUR J. COHEN RETURNS server of January 20, 1969, tells an in "sick and in need of psychiatric treat TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHI teresting story of a unique radio sta ment." GAN tion serving the town of Robbinsville, Professor Bettelheim, who was in Ger N.C., located near the Smoky Mountains many during the 1930's and saw the rise National Park. of Adolf Hitler and fascism, said the HON. WILLIAM D. FORD This radio station is unique because demonstrators at the University of Chi OF MICHIGAN it was built and is operated by students cago remind him of student unrest in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Robbinsville High School, assisted by that country. Monday, February 3, 1969 two faculty members. The students pre Dr. Bettelheim personally endured in pare educational and community inter describable brutality and terror at the Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, est programs, do the announcing, and hands of the Nazis and he speaks today the tremendous contributions of Wilbur operate the technical equipment. On two of their brutal tactics with a voice of J. Cohen to this Nation for the past 35 occasions I was interviewed on this sta bitter experience. years were climaxed by his appointment tion by student announcers, and I was I am placing in the RECORD today the last year as Secretary of Health, Educa impressed by their dedication and skills interview with Dr. Bettelheim as printed tion, and Welfare. His 9 months as Sec and knowledge of government. I know in Sunday's Chicago Tribune. cretary served to emphasize Mr. Cohen's of no better example of the energy and I call my colleagues' attention par great insight into the problems of our creativity of youth being channeled into ticularly to that statement by Dr. Bettel country, and his amazing ability to find a worthwhile operation. heim in which he points out that the ways of solving them. The article follows: leaders of the demonstrations are "very Mr. Cohen has returned to the Univer sity of Michigan faculty as dean of the VU.LAGE VOICE: STUDENT STATION WRHS rational people" who use the mass of OPENS EDUCATIONAL Dooas "irrational students" to gain their ends. School of Education, but he has left an Among the giants o! broadcasting, radio Dr. Bettelheim's observations follow: indelible mark on the history of this station WRHS speaks with a whisper, but DB. Bl!:rTELHEIM CALLS UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Nation. Its voice ls having an unmistakable impact REBELS PARANOIC Judith Randal, in an article in the in Its community. Through the interest the Dr. Bruno Bettelheim, widely known Uni Washington Star, commented: station has a.roused, Its voice ls echoing too versity of Chicago educator and psychologist, Cohen has so long been the workhorse of in dozens o! other communities in other said yesterday that student demonstrators HEW that it ls ha.rd to rea.llze he ls gone. states. a.re "s1ck and in need of psychiatric treat WRHS ls a year-old campus radio station ment." We in Michigan are exceedingly proud designed and built by two teachers and Prof. Bettelhelm, who was in Germany of Wilbur J. Cohen. Miss Randal's arti staffed by students at Robbinsvme, N.C., during the 1930s and the rise of Adolf mtler cle, reprinted January 26 by the Detroit High School. WRHS is on the air six days a and facism, said the demonstrations at the News, gives an excellent analysis of his week, providing educational programs to U. of C. remind him o! the student unrests in many contributions, and I insert it at this schools and news and features to 3,000 o! that country. Graham County's residents who can tune in "I saw the same thing in German univer point in the RECORD: within its seven-mile range. It is the county's s!t!es which spearheaded the fa.cist govern CAPITAL APPLAUSB SPEEDS COHKN TO UNIVER only radio station. ment which led to the rule of mtler," he sa1d. SITY OJ' MICHIGAN By itself, WRHS would be only an inter "More disturbing than the minorities who (By Judith Randal) esting and minor exercise in ingenuity in a.re trying to take over the universities is the WASHINGTON.-Probably no top-ranking the vlllage of 587 isolated in the Smoky attitude o! the nation which promotes 1t." Mountains. But speech teacher Henry W. official involved in the Democratic exodus Lamb, Jr., hit upon the radio station as a SPEAKS FOR HIMSELF from Washington evoked so much affection way to motivate the students to learn better Bettelheim, who called a press conference ate respect from his staff as the nation's speech. He and electronics-teacher Walter to give his views on the student sit-in which eighth secretary of health, education and Denton wangled $2,000 from the Graham has halted the activities of the school's ad welfare. County school system, and built the station. ministration offices, emphasized that he was Wilbur J. Cohen ca.me to Washington in The idea, o! course, isn't new. There are speaking only !or himself. 1934 as a $1,600-a.-year aide to help draft the 2488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 3, 1969 original social security legislation. He re should he) lean toward any lndlvldual Soybeans: Baldwin $5.0; Morgan $1.9; Es mained here almost continuously for a third specialty or group," he has written. cambia 1.5; Marengo $1.5; Jackson fl.4. of a century, in the last eight years guiding Wllbur Cohen obviously believes that the Timber: Monroe $5.5; Covlngton $5.4; HEW as a top echelon adviser to a succession stewardship of the nation's largest agency Clarke $5.3; Moblle $3.9; Tallapoosa $3.7. of polltlca.lly appointed superiors. concerned with domestic matters should be (Cohen, on the University of Michigan an end ln itself. As he remarked rather wist faculty since 1955 but on leave since 1961, fully to an acquaintance just before leavlng ls returning to Ann Arbor as the new dean office: "Had it been possible, I would have of the School of Education.) THE SUPREME COURT AND ITS paid government for the prlvllege of having WEffiD DECISIONS "It's too ba HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, February 4, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. THE JOURNAL the National Commission on Consumer The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, The Journal of the proceedings of yes- Finance the following Members on the D .D ., offered the following prayer: terday was read and approved. part of the House: Mr. PATMAN, Mrs. This I command you, that you love one SULLIVAN, and Mr. HALPERN. another.-John 15: 17. Dear Lord and Father of mankind, our APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF THE APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF spirit's unseen friend, we pray for every AMERICAN REVOLUTION BICEN- THE NATIONAL FOREST RESER- effort which is being made for peace and TENNIAL COMMISSION VATION COMMISSION justice, for brotherhood and good will in The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro our Nation, and throughout the world. visions of section 2(b), Public Law 89- The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro Breathe Thy spirit into every human 491, as amended, the Chair appoints as visions of title 16, United States Code, heart that men may brothers be, and members of the American Revolution Bi section 513, the Chair appoints as mem learn to live together in love, with under centennial Commission the following bers of the National Forest Reservation standing, and for the benefit of all Thy Members on the part of the House: Mr. Commission the following Members on the part of the House: Mr. COLMER ana creatures. DoNOHUE, Mr. MARSH, Mr. SAYLOR, and Bless Thou our President, our Speaker, Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. SAYLOR. the Members of this House of Represent atives, and all who labor under the glow ing dome of this glorious Capitol. Pre APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF APPOINTMENT AS MEMBERS OF serve their health, give them wisdom, THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE ADVISORY COMMISSION ON CONSUMER FINANCE INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELA broaden their vision, and guide their as TIONS pirations that together we may seek the The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro good of all mankind. visions of section 402 , Public Law 90- The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provl- In the Master's name we pray. Amen. 321, the Chair appoints as members of slons of section 3 , Public Law 86-380,