TUESDAY, M Y 1, 1962 the President Met with the Following of The
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2/1/75 - Mardi Gras Ball” of the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 2, folder “2/1/75 - Mardi Gras Ball” of the Betty Ford White House Papers, 1973-1977 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Betty Ford donated to the United States of America her copyrights in all of her unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. A MARDI GRAS HISTORY Back in the early 1930's, United States Senator Joseph KING'S CAKE Eugene Ransdell invited a few fellow Louisianians to his Washington home for a get together. Out of this meeting grew 2 pounds cake flour 6 or roore eggs the Louisiana State Society and, in turn, the first Mardi Gras l cup sugar 1/4 cup warm mi lk Ball. The king of the first ball was the Honorable F. Edward 1/2 oz. yeast l/2oz. salt Hebert. The late Hale Boggs was king of the second ball . l pound butter Candies to decorate The Washington Mardi Gras Ball, of course, has its origins in the Nardi Gras celebration in New Orleans, which in turn dates Put I 1/2 pounds flour in mixing bowl. -
John E. Nolan Oral History Interview – RFK#2, 07/24/1970 Administrative Information
John E. Nolan Oral History Interview – RFK#2, 07/24/1970 Administrative Information Creator: John E. Nolan Interviewer: Roberta W. Greene Date of Interview: July 24, 1970 Place of Interview: Washington, D.C. Length: 20 pages Biographical Note Nolan was the administrative assistant to the Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy [RFK], from 1963 to 1964. In this interview Nolan discusses RFK as “very sparing... [with] his own opinions;” the meeting in New York on March 13, 1968, to discuss RFK’s presidential candidacy; Nolan’s return to California and setting up RFK’s campaign headquarters and staff there; decisions about purchasing campaign materials and printing petition forms; picking a California delegation for RFK; and bringing people into the campaign, among other issues. Access Open. Usage Restrictions According to the deed of gift signed January 8, 1991, copyright of these materials has been assigned to the United States Government. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. -
Cenotaphs Would Suggest a Friendship, Clay Begich 11 9 O’Neill Historic Congressional Cemetery and Calhoun Disliked Each Other in Life
with Henry Clay and Daniel Webster he set the terms of every important debate of the day. Calhoun was acknowledged by his contemporaries as a legitimate successor to George Washington, John Adams or Thomas Jefferson, but never gained the Revised 06.05.2020 presidency. R60/S146 Clinton 2 3 Tracy 13. HENRY CLAY (1777–1852) 1 Latrobe 4 Blount Known as the “Great Compromiser” for his ability to bring Thornton 5 others to agreement, he was the founder and leader of the Whig 6 Anderson Party and a leading advocate of programs for modernizing the economy, especially tariffs to protect industry, and a national 7 Lent bank; and internal improvements to promote canals, ports and railroads. As a war hawk in Congress demanding the War of Butler 14 ESTABLISHED 1807 1812, Clay made an immediate impact in his first congressional term, including becoming Speaker of the House. Although the 10 Boggs Association for the Preservation of closeness of their cenotaphs would suggest a friendship, Clay Begich 11 9 O’Neill Historic Congressional Cemetery and Calhoun disliked each other in life. Clay 12 Brademas 8 R60/S149 Calhoun 13 14. ANDREW PICKENS BUTLER (1796–1857) Walking Tour As the nation drifted toward war between the states, tensions CENOTAPHS rose even in the staid Senate Chamber of the U.S. Congress. When Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts disparaged Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina (who was not istory comes to life in Congressional present) during a floor speech, Representative Preston Brooks Cemetery. The creak and clang of the of South Carolina, Butler’s cousin, took umbrage and returned wrought iron gate signals your arrival into to the Senate two days later and beat Sumner severely with a the early decades of our national heritage. -
2138 February 8 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS HON
2138 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 8 trained together for months. He be grounds by the hundreds. Mrs. Hruska train the young in that physical, mental, lieved that the entire nation-men, and I and our three children all received moral, and spiritual strength that is the women and children-should consist Sokol training. bulwark of a nation. ently exercise from early childhood past Within the past few years, units have It is with pride that I claim member their maturitY~ built new or expanded their old gym ship and activity in the American Sokol All of this for neither profit nor glory. nasiums in Baltimore, Md.; Cleveland, organization since boyhood. Mrs. All of this as a dedication to their na Ohio; Dallas, Tex.; and Los Angeles, Hruska and all our children have like tion, an enlightened member of the fam Calif. Many more are planning new im wise profited by the activities and bene ily of nations, conscious of their rights proved facilities in dozens of localities. fits available through participation. All and their duties and obligations. Dr. The Sokols are respected in every land of us are grateful for Sokol. Tyrs knew that the battle is won or that is free. And all Sokols everyWhere proudly lost long before the battlefield is reached. In captive nations they were the first view its sound and meaningful record His thinking, his training of his nation organizations to be dissolved by the Nazi of achievement as they join in celebrat provided the legions for Thomas G. and Communists wherever they usurped ing the 100th anniversary of this splendid Masaryk in World War I. -
Cument Is from the Collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas
This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu ----- EGACY bruary 26, 1986 Senator Robert J. Dole 141 Senate Hart Office Building 2nd Street & Constitution Avenue N.E. Washington, D.C. 20510 Dear Bob: ; · .', ' This is to confirm with you our plans to proceed with the national kick=o.ff_ o_f the HU1!!J?.hrey Commemorative Exhibit campaign on Thursda~> ~~r'?~ -- 2 _ ¢_;- T~flf6. --It w11r-n-e-·a - cocktail and buffet event from 6 - 8 p.m., and will be held int~ conference room of the Hall of States building, 444 North Capitol street, was_E.1~9-ton- ~ -o-:-c:·-- ·· ··----- - -------- ------- The invitation will go out over your signature and that of Walter Mondale, to approximately 400 major donor prospects plus spouses and guests, mainly from the East Coast. It will be preceded by a Mailgram, due to time constraints. By way of follow-up, we will contact by phone and letter those who cannot attend. Jane Freeman will serve as hostess, assisted by Bill Riggs for logistical arrangements. They have arranged for office space at the Hall of States (State of Minnesota rooms) and have a '·'.; .... telephone (202/624-5871) for use during the interim. Bill will be in touch with your off ice very soon to get your approval and signature on the letter. At an appropriate point during the affair Jane will welcome guests, note the purpose of the event, and introduce the Dean of the Humphrey Institute, Harlan Cleveland. He will call attention to the Exhibit project, and then introduce you and Walter Mondale as the project's distinguished national co-chairs. -
Working Paper: Do Not Cite Or Circulate Without Permission
THE COPENHAGEN TEMPTATION: RETHINKING PREVENTION AND PROLIFERATION IN THE AGE OF DETERRENCE DOMINANCE Francis J. Gavin Mira Rapp-Hooper What price should the United States – or any leading power – be willing to pay to prevent nuclear proliferation? For most realists, who believe nuclear weapons possess largely defensive qualities, the price should be small indeed. While additional nuclear states might not be welcomed, their appearance should not be cause for undue alarm. Such equanimity would be especially warrantedWORKING if the state in question PAPER: lacked DO other attributesNOT CITE of power. OR Nuclear acquisition should certainly notCIRCULATE trigger thoughts of WITHOUT preventive militar PERMISSIONy action, a phenomena typically associated with dramatic shifts in the balance of power. The historical record, however, tells a different story. Throughout the nuclear age and despite dramatic changes in the international system, the United States has time and again considered aggressive policies, including the use of force, to prevent the emergence of nuclear capabilities by friend and foe alike. What is even more surprising is how often this temptation has been oriented against what might be called “feeble” states, unable to project other forms of power. The evidence also reveals that the reasons driving this preventive thinking often had more to do with concerns over the systemic consequences of nuclear proliferation, and not, as we might expect, the dyadic relationship between the United States and the proliferator. Factors 1 typically associated with preventive motivations, such as a shift in the balance of power or the ideological nature of the regime in question, were largely absent in high-level deliberations. -
The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy. -
The Air Force and the Cold
THE AIR FORCE A N D T H E COLD WA R A P I C T O R I A L H I S T O RY COVER AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION The Air Force and the Cold War 1 The Air Force Association THE AIR FORCE The Air Force Association (AFA) is an independent, nonprofit civilian organization A N D T H E promoting public understanding of aerospace power and the pivotal role it plays in the se- curity of the nation. AFA publishes Air Force Magazine, sponsors national symposia, and disseminates information through outreach programs of its affiliate, the Aerospace Educa- tion Foundation. Learn more about AFA by visiting us on the Web at www.afa.org. COLD WA R The Aerospace Education Foundation The Aerospace Education Foundation (AEF) is dedicated to ensuring America’s aerospace excellence through education, schol- arships, grants, awards, and public awareness programs. The foundation also publishes a series of studies and forums on aerospace and national security. The Eaker Institute is the public policy and research arm of AEF. AEF works through a network of thousands of Air Force Association members and more than 200 chapters to distribute educational material to schools and concerned citizens. An example of this includes “Visions of Exploration,” an AEF/USA Today multidis- ciplinary science, math, and social studies program. To find out how you can support aerospace excellence, visit us on the Web at www.aef.org. © 2005 The Air Force Association Published by Aerospace Education Foundation 1501 Lee Highway Arlington VA 22209-1198 Tel: (703) 247-5839 Produced by the staff of Air Force Magazine Fax: (703) 247-5853 Design by Darcy Harris THE AIR FORCE A N D T H E COLD WA R A P I C T O R I A L H I S T O RY AIR FORCE ASSOCIATION DECEMBER 2005 By John T. -
Feature Multiple Means to an End: a Reexamination of President Kennedy’S Decision to Go to the Moon by Stephen J
Feature Multiple Means to an End: A Reexamination of President Kennedy’s Decision to Go to the Moon By Stephen J. Garber On May 25, 1961, in his famously special “Urgent National Needs” speech to a joint session of Congress, President John E Kennedy made a dramatic call to send Americans to the Moon “before this decade is out.”’ After this resulted in the highly successful and publicized ApoZZo Program that indeed safely flew humans to the Moon from 1969-1972, historians and space aficio- nados have looked back at Kennedy’s decision in varying ways. Since 1970,2 most social scientists have believed that Kennedy made a single, rational, pragmatic choice to com- CHAT WITH THE AUTHOR pete with the Soviet Union in the arena of space exploration Please join us in a “chat session” with the au- as a way to achieve world prestige during the height of the thor of this article, Stephen J. Garber. In this “chat session,” you may ask Mr. Garber or the Quest Cold War. As such, the drama of space exploration served staff questions about this article, or other ques- simply as a means to an end, not as an goal for its own sake. tions about research and writing the history of Contrary to this approach, some space enthusiasts have spaceflight. The “chat” will be held on Thursday, argued in hindsight that Kennedy pushed the U.S. to explore December 9,7:00CDT. We particularly welcome boldly into space because he was a visionary who saw space Quest subscribers, but anyone may participate. -
America's Challenge Waging Counterinsurgency Warfare
Losing By Winning: America's Challenge Waging Counterinsurgency Warfare Author: Lee Allyn Lukoff Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104358 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2014 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Department of Political Science LOSING BY WINNING: AMERICA’S CHALLENGE WAGING COUNTERINSURGENCY WARFARE A Case Study Analysis of the American Experience with Counterinsurgency Warfare in the Philippine-American, Vietnam and Iraq Wars A Thesis By LEE A. LUKOFF Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts © Copyright LEE ALLYN LUKOFF 2014 Abstract: Losing By Winning: America’s Challenge Waging Counterinsurgency Warfare is an analytical study of America’s experience waging counterinsurgency warfare in the Philippine- American, Vietnam and Iraq Wars. In each war, counterinsurgency warfare was applied to achieve the strategic objectives of American Foreign Policy as outlined by the President of the United States at the outset of each war. Initially, large swaths of the American electorate and political class favored achieving the strategic objectives of each war studied. Over time, as counterinsurgency tactics were put to use, and made headway towards achieving the strategic objectives of the conflict, public support for each war precipitously declined over time and either jeopardized the ability of the United States to complete its counterinsurgency campaign or lose them altogether. This occurred because images of atrocities and perceptions of violations of the laws of warfare (both real or imagined) were formed in the minds of Americans which created a political dynamic where the American public and their elected leaders in Washington D.C. -
The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited Author(S): Stephen G
The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited Author(s): Stephen G. Rabe Source: Irish Studies in International Affairs, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1991), pp. 59-66 Published by: Royal Irish Academy Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30001786 Accessed: 10-10-2016 09:38 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Royal Irish Academy is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Irish Studies in International Affairs This content downloaded from 95.183.180.42 on Mon, 10 Oct 2016 09:38:09 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited* Stephen G. Rabe Mary Ball Washington Professor of American History, University College, Dublin On 14 October 1962, a US surveillance plane, the U-2, photographed medium- range (approximately 1000 miles) missile sites under construction in Cuba. The revelation marked the beginning of a thirteen-day crisis that saw the United States deliver a public ultimatum to the Soviet Union, saw Soviet and US warships come close to tangling on the high seas and, indeed, saw the world verge on a nuclear holocaust. The British historian A.J.P. Taylor characterised the Cuban missile crisis as the two most important weeks in human history. -
Nber Working Paper Series Henry Agard Wallace, The
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HENRY AGARD WALLACE, THE IOWA CORN YIELD TESTS, AND THE ADOPTION OF HYBRID CORN Richard C. Sutch Working Paper 14141 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14141 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2008 Thanks to Connie Chow and Hiroko Inoue for research assistance, to Susan B. Carter for critical advice, to Mason Gaffney for prodding questions that stimulated much further research, and to Norman Ellstrand for assistance with the plant biology. Financial support was provided by a National Science Foundation Grant: “Biocomplexity in the Environment, Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.” Administrative support was provided by the Biotechnology Impacts Center and the Center for Economic and Social Policy at the University of California, Riverside. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Richard C. Sutch. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Henry Agard Wallace, the Iowa Corn Yield Tests, and the Adoption of Hybrid Corn Richard C. Sutch NBER Working Paper No. 14141 June 2008 JEL No. N12 ABSTRACT This research report makes the following claims: 1] There was not an unambiguous economic advantage of hybrid corn over the open-pollinated varieties in 1936.