1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 9601 Mr. Lincoln's word. is good enough for me .. COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The tyrant will not come to America from FOREIGN COMMERCE the request of the gentleman from across the seas. If he comes he will ride Michigan? down Pennsylvania A.venue from his inaugu­ Mr. CELI.ER. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection ration and take his residence in the White unanimous consent that H.R. 10038, to House. We have, in the last 15 months in provide civil remedies to persons. dam­ the Congress, inadvertently and carelessly aged by unfair commercial activities in STATUTORY AWARD FOR APHONIA we must assume, moved at- a hellish rate to or affecting commerce, and H.R. 10124, establish preconditions of dictatorship. The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 10066) There will be no coup d' etat. Rather, at the be referred to the Committee on Inter­ to amend title 38 of the worst, there will be an extension and vigorous state and Foreign Commerce. They Code to provide additional compensa­ exercise of the powers we have granted. were improperly referred to the Commit­ tion for veterans suffering the loss or Is the matter beyond control? I do not tee on the Judiciary. The subject mat­ loss of use of both vocal chords, with know and you're not sure. In all sadness ter of these bills should be properly be­ resulting complete aphonia. I say I do not know. The ancients tell us fore the Committee on Interstate and that democracy degenerates into tyranny. Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ We are the longest lived experiment in free­ Foreign Commerce. imous consent that this bill may be dom and its ultimate success is not guaran­ A previous bill, H.R. 4590, which is passed over without prejudice. teed. In my heart--with my faith-I do not superseded by H.R. 10038, had been re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to believe we have passe.d the point of no re­ ferred to the Committee on Interstate the request of the gentleman from turn. I know that I would not have traveled and Foreign Commerce, and the present Michigan? a. thousand miles to say these things if I bill should likewise fall within that There was no objection. thought it were. But I know it could happen category. here and I am dedicated to seeing it does not. Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, is this bill on the DISPOSAL OF CERTAIN MATERIALS ADJOURNMENT UNTIL TUESDAY present Consent Calendar? FROM THE NATIONAL STOCKPILE Mr. CELLER. No, it is not. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if The SPEAKER. Without objectio~. The Clerk called the resolution Tin is the major surplus item involved requested that the record reflect that ganese metal (26 F.R. 11508, December 5, and represents an acquisition cost in ex­ disposal plans were merely suggestions, 1961); cess of $120 million. According to the not binding, and could be changed ad­ (m) Approximately ten million pounds of ministratively at any time. contained nickel and cobalt in the form of press, the Secretary of State has assured nickel oxide powder (27 F.R. 2260, March 8, the International Tin Council that the The amendment which I offer is de­ 1962) ; United States "will consult with the signed to remove from the resolution (n) Approximately five million pounds of Council and substantially interested gov­ specific approval by Congress of the so­ molybdenum (27 F.R. 4005, April 26, 1962). ernments before tin is released from the called plans of disposal which have been SEC, 2. All funds derived from the sales stockpile." While I have no informa­ published in the Federal Register. The authorized by this concurrent resolution tion with respect to the extent to which amendment does no more than this. It shall be deposited into the Treasury as mis­ consultations have either progressed or does not in any way affect the items of cellaneous receipts. will be undertaken, the emergence of the material or the quantities of them which Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, I offer an rubber disposal pattern seems to be would be approved for disposal. Since amendment. the Congress would not be consulted in clear, and I think i~ ~P~f The Clerk read as follows : rubber, ;ay be djsp s in~:t~: :~ the event the administrative agencies Amendment offered by Mr. HARDY : On page 'clesigne to sup ort th . r change the plans of disposal it seems to 1, line 5, strike out all that follows "Stock­ an o pro ec the taxpayer's inve~­ me to be unwise for the Congress to en­ pile" down to the colon on line 7, page 1, m dorse specifically the ones which have and strike out the matter in the p arentheses --Notice of the intent to dispose of these heretofore been published in the Federal which immediately precedes the semicolon Register. at the end of each subsection in section I. materials has been published in the Fed­ eral Register pursuant to the provisions My concern is accentuated due to the Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, when the of section 3 (e) of the Strategic and Crit­ manner in which the surplus natural Consent Calendar was last called, I re­ ical Materials Stock Piling Act, and the rubber program is and has been adminis­ quested that House Concurrent Resolu­ pending resolution approves the disposal tered. I voted against House Concur­ tion 473 be passed over without prejudice. thereof "in accordance with the plan of rent Resolution 582, which authorized This was done because I felt the need for disposition published by the General the disposal of surplus natural rubber more background information concern­ Services Administration in the Federal because it was apparent to me that the ing the resolution. Certain of my mis­ Register." Congress had not been supplied with full givings had been expressed to the This is where I disagree with some of and complete information in connection Committee on Armed Services a few days my distinguished colleagues on the therewith. My misgivings have been before when the resolution was con- . Armed Services Committee. Section 3 borne out by subsequent developments. sidered by that committee. (e) of the Strategic and Critical Materi­ Within the past year, the Foreign Let me make it perfectly clear that my als Stock Piling Act clearly states that Operations and Monetary Affairs Sub­ position in this matter is not arbitrary, the notice of disposal must be published committee, of which I am chairman, but is based upon my knowledge of the in the Federal Register and that copies conducted an exhaustive study of the ex­ manner in which the surplus natural thereof must be transmitted to the Con­ ecution of the rubber disposal program rubber disposal program has been and gress and to the Committees on Armed and our report was submitted to the is being administered. I concur com­ Services of each House thereof. It is House on April 2, 1962. I suggest that pletely with the principle that all stra­ further clearly required that the notice those of you who have not read that tegic and critical ll)aterials which are shall state the reasons for the "revised report study its conclusions and recom­ surplus to defense requirements should determination" of requirements, the mendations. be disposed of as expeditiously as pos­ amounts of the materials proposed to be Up to the present time two of the sub­ sible 'i'nder the provisions of the Strate­ released, the plan of disposition proposed committee recommendations have been gic apd Critical Materials Stock Piling to be followed and the date upon which adopted entirely or in part. Neverthe­ Act. ~ On the other hand, I object to the the material is to become available for less, despite assurances that other rec­ administrative procedures which have sale or transfer. The act further pro­ ommendations of the subcommittee are­ been followed in the disposal of surplus vides: being considered there is still urgent need natural rubber, and similar procedures for improvement in the manner in which That no material constituting a >part of may very well be in prospect with respect the stockpiles may be disposed of without the surplus rubber disposal program is to other surplus materials. In my opin­ the express approval of the Congress except being conducted. ion, other surplus disposal programs where t he revised determination is by rea­ On May 21, 1962, the House passed H.R. whtch involve several billion dollars of son of obsolescence of that material for use 10595, a bill to facilitate the sale and the taxpayers' money ought not to be in time of war. disposal of Government stocks of extra handled the way surplus rubber has been In this particular case the question of long staple cotton. This bill is impor­ handled. obsolescence does not enter into the con­ tant and significant as related to the It is, of course, important to remember overall question of the disposal of sur­ that the disposal of surplus strategic and sideration. plus strategic and critical materials. It critical materials from the Government In my opinion, the wording of the act vests full and complete responsibility in stockpiles is not an undertaking designed as set forth above only requires that the Secretary of Agriculture for the dis­ to yield a profit. On the contrary, these the Congress approve the disposal of the posal of 50,000 bales of surplus long programs involve the recognized loss of material and does not require the ap­ staple cotton. While the Secretary hundreds of millions of dollars and every proval of the plan of disposition pub­ doubtlessly will, and should, consult with effort should therefore be made to hold lished in the Federal Register. other interested departments and agen­ these losses to a minimum. All disposals of surplus mate~ials are cies of the Government, the final deci­ House concurrent Resolution 473 , co_n~ucte~ by the General ~erv1?es A_d­ sion is his alone, which is as it should which was passed over without prejudice l mm1stration pursuant t? directives _1s­ be. There is no room in this bill for on May 21, 1962, approves the disposal of isue~ by the Office of Eme1gency Plannmg buckpassing since the decisions of the 14 strategic and critical materials from \1 ~h1ch ma! be and are changed: from Secretary of Agriculture are not sub­ the stockpile having an estimated cur-~ time to time. The plans of disposal ject to the approval of anytother de­ rent market value of approximately $170 which are published in the Federal Reg­ partment or agency. I think it is signifi­ million. Seven of these materials are · ister are broad in nature and perhaps cant that the Office of Emergency Plan­ surplus to currently established objec- represent no more or less than a con­ ning tried to have this bill amended in tives. The remaining seven items are sidered opinion at that time as to the de- a manner which would make the Secre- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9603 tary of Agriculture little more than a fig­ The resolution was ordered to be en­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to urehead, with the real decisions being grossed and read a third time, was read the request of the gentleman from made in other Government departments the third time and passed, and a motion Michigan? and agencies. Wisely, the Committee to reconsider was laid on the table. There was no objection. on Armed Services rejected this pro­ posal. This was a good bill. It defi­ nitely fixed responsibility, and I hope EXTENDING CIVIL DEFENSE AUTHORIZING THE ISSUANCE OF A will be used as a pattern for other simi­ EMERGENCY AUTHORITIES GOLD MEDAL TO BOB HOPE lar legislation. The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 11743) The Clerk called Senate Joint Resolu­ There is a sound reason for my ref­ to amend the provisions of title III of tion 88. erence to this particular bill. On De­ the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, There being no objection, the Clerk cember 10, 1959, the Office of Emergency as amended. read the Senate joint resolution, as Planning-then Office of Civil and De­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving follows: fense Mobilization-issued a revised De­ the right to object, may we have a brief Whereas moments enriched by humor are fense Mobilization Order V-7 captioned explanation of the bill? m om ents free from hate and conflict, and ''General Policies for Strategic and Crit­ Mr. HEBERT. Yes. This bill merely therefore valued by mankind; and ical Materials Stockpiling," which was Whereas Bob Hope has given to us and extends the date that has been twice to the world many such treasured moments; published in the Federal Register on extended to the President since 1950. December 19, 1959. Under the provisions and The purpose of the bill was set forth in Whereas he has done so unstintingly and of this order, the disposal of surplus the reno rt as follows : unselfishly, with heavy demands on his time, materials was, among other things, made The purpose of the proposed measure is t alent, and energy; and subject to the "approval of the Depart­ to provide for the continuation of the Presi­ Whereas his contributions over a long ments of the Interior, Commerce, State, dent's current standby authority to deal with period of years to the morale of millions of Agriculture, and Defense and other gov­ the effects of an enemy attack upon this members of the United States armed services, ernmental agencies concerned." Al­ Nation. Under section 307 of the Federal in addition to those of our friends and allies, Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended (50 have been of immediate and enduring value; though statutory responsibility for the and U.S.C., app. 2297), these emergency powers disposal of surpluses is vested exclusively Whereas these contributions have been in the Office of Emergency Planning, that would terminate on June 30, 1962. made during Christmas and at other times Office through the above policy decision HISTORY by personal contact in countless miles of divested itself of this responsibility by As originally enacted, the Federal Civil travel around the globe, to the farthest out­ making its disposal decisions conditioned Defense Act of 1950 provided that these posts manned by American youth, during on the approval of other Government standby emergency powers would terminate times of peace and war, often under danger­ departments and agencies. The exercise on June 30, 1954, or such earlier date as ous conditions and at great personal risk; might be prescribed by concurrent resolu­ and of this authority by the Department of tion of the Congress. This termination date Whereas while at home he has given firm State made it possible for that Depart­ was extended to 1958 in 1954 and to June 30, and imaginative support to humanitarian ment to dominate the natural rubber 1962, by Public Law 85-514, dated July 11, causes of every description; and disposal program and contributed to 1958. Whereas in all this Bob Hope has rendered the unsatisfactory and disturbing con­ an outstanding service to th~ cause of de­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I with­ mocracy, as America's most prized "Ambas­ ditions which exist today. sador of Good Will" throughout the world: The report of the Committee on Gov­ draw my reservation of objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Therefore be it ernment Operations, to which I have al­ Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ ready referred, was critical of the pro­ the present consideration of the bill? resentatives of the United States of America visions of Defense Mobilization Order There being no objection, the Clerk in Congress assembled, That the President No. V-7, and it seems noteworthy that read the bill, as follows: is authorized to present in the name of the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of people of the United· States of America a this order was amended on April 25, gold medal of appropriate design to Bob Hope 1962. Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section in recognition of his aforesaid services to Under the amended order, however, 307 of the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, his country and to the cause of world peace. the Office of Emergency Planning is ap­ as amended (50 U.S.C., app. 2297), is further The Secretary of the Treasury shall cause parently still unwilling to exercise its amended by striking out the date "June 30, such a medal to be struck and furnished to statutory responsibility, and its disposal 1962" and inserting in lieu thereof the date the President. There is hereby authorized decisions are now subject to the approval "June 30, 1966." to be appropriated the sum of $2,500 for this purpose. of the Departments of State or Interior The bill was ordered to be engrossed or· perhaps the President himself if the and read a third time, was read the third The Senate joint resolution was or­ heads of these agencies acknowledge time, and passed, and a motion to re­ dered to be read a third time, was read their incompetence to decide on dis­ consider was laid on the table. the third time, and passed, and a motion posals in the best interest of the United to reconsider was laid on the table. States. I am seriously concerned over the en­ THE 1202D CIVIL AFFAIRS GROUP tire question of disposal. The Congress RELIEF OF CERTAIN MEMBERS OF The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 9199) THE U.S. MARINE CORPS approves the disposal of taxpayers' prop­ for the relief of certain officers and en­ erty valued at hundreds of millions of listed personnel of the 1202d CiVil Affairs The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 9522) dollars, but at· the present time the Group (Reinforcement Training), Fort for the relief of certain members of the agency of the Government possessing the U.S. Marine Corps who incurred losses statutory authority to carry out the will Hamilton, Brooklyn, N.Y. Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving pursuant to the cancellation of a perma­ of the Congress has failed to fully exer­ nent change of station movement. cise its responsibility and the Congress the right to object, I would like to make a statement at this point not only in There being no objection, the Clerk has no authority or control over the pro­ read the bill, as follows: cedures which may be adopted. I am reference to this bill, H.R. 9199, but also with reference to H.R. 9522. On the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of inclined to the opinion that the basic Representatives of the Unitea States of act ought to be amended so that the Con­ surface it would appear that there is a great deal of similarity between the two America in Congress assembled, That the gress can at least definitely pinpoint the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby author­ responsibility for these de.terminations in situations. As a matter of fact, the cir­ ized and directed to pay, out of any money one specific department or agency of the cumstances are quite different. It is in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, Government. therefore my intention to ask that the to each member, of the First Light Anti­ Meanwhile, Mr. Speaker, we have be­ bill H.R. 9199 be passed over without Aircraft Missile Battalion (Reinforced), prejudice, and to approve consideration United States Marine Corps, who was issued fore us this resolution to approve the on or about July 1, 1961, a certificate in lieu sale of surplus materials from the stock­ of the bill H.R. 9522. of orders for a classified deployment and who pile. I favor the resolution, but it needs Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent actually dislocated his family, as designated to be perfected by my amendment. that this bill be passed over without by the Commandant, United States Marine The amendment was agreed to. prejudice. Corps, the following allowances computed 9604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 'in accordance with law and the then ap­ southern interstate nuclear compact, and "(f) The Board may establish and main­ plicable regulations: for related purposes. tain, independently or in conjunction with ( 1) One dislocation allowance; and any one or more of the party states, a suit­ (2) Travel allowance for dependents travel There being no objection, the Clerk able retirement system for its full-time em­ performed to-and from the locations to which read the bill, as follows: ployees. Employees of the Board shall be dependents actually moved pursuant to the Be it enacted by the Senate and House eligible for social security coverage in respect certificate. of Representatives of the United States of of the old-age and survivors insurance pro­ SEC. 2. Travel, transportation, and dis­ America in Congress assembled, That it is vided that the Board takes such steps as may location allowances paid pursuant to the hereby declared to be the national policy be necessary pursuant to Federal law to par­ certificates before the effective date of this to encourage and recognize the performance ticipate in such program of insurance as a Act which were free from fraud and collusion of functions by the States with respect to governmental agency or unit. The Board axe hereby validated. the peaceful use of nuclear energy in its may establish and maintain or participate SEC. 3. In the audit and settlement of the several forms. The Federal Government in such additional programs of employee accounts of any certifying or disbursing of­ recognizes that many programs in nuclear benefits as may be appropriate. ficer of the United States, full credit shall be :fields can benefit from cooperation among "(g) The Board may borrow, accept, or given for all amounts for which liability is the States, as well as between the Fed­ contract for the services of personnel from relieved by section 2 of this Act. eral Government and the States. The any state or the United States or any sub­ SEC. 4. Payments made pursuant to this importance of the interstate compact as one division or agency thereof, from any inter­ Act may not exceed more than $25,000 in the means for promoting such cooperation is state agency, or from any institution, per­ aggregate. hereby declared as part of the intention of son, fl.rm, or corporation. · SEC. 5. Payments authorized by this Act Congress, already expressed in part in Public "(h) The Board may accept for any of its may not be made to or received by any agent Law 86-373, to facilitate the use of State purposes and functions under this compact or attorney on account of services rendered jurisdiction in and over portions of the de­ any and all donations, and grants of money, in connection with these claims, and the velopment and regulatory nuclear field. equipment, supplies, materials, and services same shall be unlawful, any contract to the SEC. 2. The Congress hereby consents to ( conditional or otherwise) from any state contrary notwithstanding. Any person vio­ the Southern Interstate Nuclear Compact, or the United States or any subdivision or lating the provisions of this Act shall be which compact is as follows: agency thereof, or interstate agency, or from deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon any institution, person, firm, or corporation, conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum "ARTICLE I. POLICY AND PURPOSE and may receive, utilize, and dispose of the not exceeding $1,000. "The party states recognize that the proper same. employment of nuclear energy, facilities, "(i) The Board may establish and main­ With the following committee amend­ materials, and products can assist substan­ tain such facilities as may be necessary for ments: tially in the industrialization of the South the transacting of its business. The Board Page 1, line 5, strike "member" and insert and the development of a balanced econ­ may acquire, hold, and convey real and per-· "member, as designated by the Commandant, omy for the region. They also recognize that sonal property and any interest therein. United States Marine Corps,". optimum benefit from and acquisition of "(j) The Board shall adopt bylaws, rules, Page 1, lines 9 and 10, strike " , as desig­ nuclear resources and facilities requires sys­ and regulations for the conduct of its busi­ nated by the Commandant, United States tematic encouragement, guidance, and as­ ness, and shall have the power to amend and Marine Corps,". sistance from the party states on a coopera­ rescind these bylaws, rules, and regulations. tive basis. It is the policy of the party The Board shall publish its bylaws, rules, The committee amendments were states to undertake such cooperation on a and regulations in convenient form and shall agreed to. continuing basis; it is the purpose of this file a copy thereof, and shall also fl.le a copy The bill was ordered to be engrossed compact to provide the instruments and of any amendment thereto, with the appro­ and read a third time, was read the third framework for such a cooperative effort ·to priate agency or officer in each of the party . improve the economy of the South and con­ states. time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ tribute to the individual and community sider was laid on the table. "(k) The Board annually shall make to well-being of the region's people. the governor of each party state, a report "ARTICLE II. THE BOARD covering the activities of the Board for the BASIC SALARY IN CASES OF AS­ "(a) There is hereby created an agency of preceding year, and embodying such recom­ SIGNMENTS OF POSTAI,i EM­ the party states to be known as the South­ mendations as may have been adopted by the Board, which report shall be transmitted to PLOYEES ern Interstate Nuclear Board (hereinafter called the Board). The Board shall be com­ the legislature of said state. The Board may The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 10265) posed of one member from each party state issue such additional reports as it may deem to authorize the Postmaster General in designated or appointed in accordance with desirable. his discretion to pay increased basic the law of the state which he represents "ARTICLE III. FINANCES salary to postal field service employees and serving and subject to removal in ac­ "(a) The Board shall submit to the execu­ for services performed before the expi­ cordance with such law. Any member of tive head or designated officer or officers of ration of 30 days following their assign­ the Board may provide for the discharge each party state a budget of its estimated to of his duties and the performance of his expenditures for such period as may be re­ ments duties and responsibilities of functions thereon ( either for the duration quired by the laws of that jurisdiction for higher salary levels, and for other pur­ of his membership or for any lesser period presentation to the legislature thereof. poses. of time) by a deputy or assistant, if the "(b) Each of the Board's budgets of esti­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to laws of his state make specific provisions mated expenditures shall contain speci:flc the present consideration of the bill? therefor. The Federal Government may be recommendations of the amount or amounts Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving represented without vote if provision is made to be appropriated by each of the party the right to object, it is my understand­ by federal law for such representation. states. One half of the total amount of each ing, based on the committee report, that " ( b) The Board members of the party budget of estimated expenditures shall be the cost of this proposal is approximately states shall each be entitled to one vote apportioned among the party states in equal on the Board. No action of the Board shall shares; one quarter of each such budget $250,000 annually in the future. In ad­ be binding unless taken at a meeting at shall be apportioned among the party states dition, the accrued or accumulated cost which a majority of all members represent­ in accordance with the ratio of their· popu­ for years past is approximately $1,330,- ing the party states are present and unless lations to the total population of the entire 000. Obviously, on its surface, this bill a majority of the total number of votes on group of party states based on the last does not qualify for the Consent Cal­ the Board are cast in favor thereof. decennial federal census; and one quarter of endar. " ( c) The Board shall have a seal. each such budget shall be apportioned among Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent "(d) The Board shall elect annually, from the party states on the basis of the relative that this bill be passed over without among its members, a Chairman, a Vice average per capita income of the inhabitants prejudice. Chairman, and a treasurer. The Board shall in each of the party states based on the appoint an Executive Director who shall. latest computations published by the fed­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to serve at its pleasure and who shall also act eral census-taking agency. Subject to ap­ the request of the gentleman from as secretary, and who, together with the propriation by their respective legislatures, Michigan? treasurer, shall be bonded in such amounts the Board shall be provided with such funds There was no objection. as the Board may require. by each of the party states as are necessary to provide the means of establishing and "(e) The Executive Director, with the ap­ maintaining facilities, a staff of personnel, GRANTING CONSENT TO THE proval of the Board, shall appoint and re­ and such activities as may be necessary to SOUTHERN INTERSTATE move or discharge such personnel as may fulfill the powers and duties imposed upon NU- be necessary for the performance of the CLEAR COMPACT and entrusted to the Board. Board's functions irrespective of the civil " (c) The Board may meet any of its obli­ The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 10618) service, personnel, or other merit system gations in whole or in part with funds avail­ granting the consent of Congress to the laws of any of the party states. able to it under Article II{h) of this com- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9605 pact, provided that the- Board takes specific . "(i) Prepare, publish and distribute (with . "(c) Alter the relations- between -and re­ action setting aside such funds prior to the or without charge) such reports, bulletins, spective internal responsibilities of the gov­ incurring of any obligation to be met in newsletters or other material as it deems ernment of a party state and its subdivisions. whole or in part in this manner. Except appropriate. "(d) Permit or authorize the Board to where the Board makes use of funds available "(j) Cooperate with the Atomic Energy exercise any regulatory authority or to own to it under Article Il(h) hereof, the Board Commission or any agency successor thereto, or operate any nuclear rea-etor for the genera­ shall not incur any obligation prior to the any other officer or agency of the United tion of electric energy; nor shall the Board allotment of funds by the party jurisdictions States, and any other governmental unit or own or operate any facility or installation for adequate to meet the same. agency or officer thereof, and with any pri­ industrial or commercial purposes. "(d) Any expenses and any other costs for vate persons or agencies in any of the fields of its interests. "ARTICLE VllI. ELIGIBLE PARTIES, ENTRY INTO each member of the Board in attending FORCE AND WITHDRAWAL Board meetings shall be met by the Board. "(k) Act as licensee of the United States " ( e) The Board shall keep accurate ac­ Government or any party state with respect "(a) Any or all of the states of , counts of all receipts and disbursements. to the conduct of any research activity ~rkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Ken­ The receipts and disbursements of the Board requiring such license and operate such tucky, , Maryland, , shall be subject to the audit and accounting research facility or undertake any program North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, procedures established under its bylaws. pursuant thereto. Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Vir­ However, all receipts and disbursements of ~inia shall be eligible to become party to this "(l) Ascertain from time to time such compact. funds handled by the Board shall be audited methods, practices, circumstances, and con­ yearly by a qualified public accountant and ditions as may bring about the prevention "(b) As to any eligible party state, this the report of the audit shall be included in and control of nuclear incidents in the area compact shall become effective when 'its leg­ and become part of the annual report of the comprising the party states, to coordinate islature shall have enacted the same into Board. the nuclear incident prevention and control law: provided that it shall not become ini­ "(f) The accounts of the Board shall be plans and the work relating thereto of the tially effective until enacted into law by open at any reasonable time for inspection. appropriate agencies of the party states and seven states. · "(c) Any party state may withdraw from "ARTICLE IV. ADVISORY COMMITTEES to facilitate the rendering of aid by the party states to each other in coping with nuclear this compact by enacting a statute repealing "The Board may establish such advisory incidents. The Board may fonnulate and, the same, but no such withdrawal shall be­ and technical committees as it may deem i~ accordance with need from time to time, come effective until the governor of the necessary, membership on which to include revise a regional plan or regional plans for withdrawing state shall have sent formal but not be limited to private citizens, expert coping with nuclear incidents within the notice in writing to the governor of each and lay personnel, representatives of indus­ territory of the party states as a whole or other party state informing said governors try, labor, commerce, agriculture, civic asso­ within any subregion or subregions of the of the action of the legislature in repealing ciations, medicine, education, voluntary geographic area covered by this compact. the compact and declaring an intention to health agencies, and officials of local, State withdraw. "ARTICLE VI. SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENTS and Federal Government, and may cooperate "ARTICLE IX. SEVERABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION "(a) To the extent that the Board has not with and use the services of any such com­ "The provisions of this compact and of mittees and the organizations which they undertaken an activity or project which would be within its power under the provi­ any supplementary agreement entered into represent in furthering any of its activities hereunder shall be severable and if any under this compact. sions of Article V of this compact, any two or more of the party states ( acting by their phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this "ARTICLE V. POWERS duly constituted administrative officials) compact or such supplementary agreement "The Board shall have power to--- may enter into supplementary agreements is declared to be contrary to the constitution "(a) ascertain and analyze on a continuing for the undertaking and continuance of such of any participating state or of the United basis the position of the South with respect an activity or px:oject. Any such agreement States or the applicability thereof to any to nuclear and related industries. shall specify its purpose or purposes; its dur­ government, agency, person, or circumstance "(b) encourage the development and use ation and the procedure for termination is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of nuclear energy, facilities, installations, thereof or withdrawal therefrom; the method of this compact or such supplementary and products as part of a balanced economy. of financing and allocating the costs of the agreement and the applicability thereof to "(c) collect, correlate, and disseminate in­ activity or project; and such other matters any government, agency, person or circum­ formation relating to civilian uses of nuclear as may be necessary or appropriate. No stance shall not be affected thereby. If this energy, materials, arid products~ · such supplementary agreement entered into compact or any supplementary agreement "(d). conduct, o~ cooperate in conducting, pursuant to this article shall become effec­ entered into hereunder shall be held con­ programs of training for State and local per­ tive prior to its submission to and approval trary to the constituti,:m of any state par­ sonnel engaged in any aspect of- by the Board. The Board shall give such ticipating therein, the compact or such sup­ "(l) Nuclear industry, medicine, or educa­ plementary agreement shall remain in full approval unless it finds that the supplemen­ force and effect as to the remaining states tion or the promotion or regulation thereof. tary agreement or the activity or project con­ and in full force and effect as to the state "(2) The formulation or administration of templated thereby is inconsistent with the ·affected as to all severable matters. The measures designed to promote safety in any provisions of this compact or a program or provisions of this compact and of any sup­ matter related to the development, use or activity conducted by or participated in by plementary agreement entered into pursuant disposal of nuclear energy, materials, prod­ the Board. hereto shall be liberally construed to effec­ ucts, installations, or wastes. "(b) Unless all of the party states partici­ tuate the purposes thereof." " ( e) Organize and conduct, or assist and pate in a supplementary agreement, any cost cooperate in organizing and conducting, SEC. 3. Pursuant to article II(a) of 1;he or costs thereof shall be borne separately by Southern Interstate Nuclear Compact, there demonstrations of nuclear product, mate­ the states party thereto. However, the Board shall be one representative of the Federal rial, or equipment use and disposal and of may administer or otherwise .assist in the Government on the Southern Interstate Nu­ proper techniques or processes for the appli­ operation of any supplementary agreement. clear Board. The representative shall be ap­ cation of nuclear resources to the civilian "(c) No party to a supplementary agree­ pointed by the President and he shall report economy or general welfare. ment entered into pursuant to this article "(f) Undertake such non-regulatory func­ shall be relieved thereby of any obligation or to the President either directly or through tions with respect to non-nuclear sources of duty assumed by said party state under or such agency or official as the President may radiation as may promote the economic pursuant to this compact, except that timely specify. His compensation shall be in such development and ,general welfare of the and proper performance of such obligation amount not in excess of $100 per diem, as the region. or duty by means of the supplementary President shall specify, but the total amount "(g) Study industrial, health, safety, and agreement may be offered as performance of compensation payable in any one calendar other standards, laws, codes, rules, regula­ pursuant to the compact. year shall not exceed $15,000: Provided, That tions, and administrative practices in or "ARTICLE VII. OTHER LAWS AND RELATIONS if the representative be an employee of the related to nuclear fields. United States, he shall serve without addi­ "Nothing in this compact shall be con­ "(h) Recommend such changes in, or tional compensation. The compensation, amendments or additions to the laws, codes, strued to- " (a) Permit or require any person or other travel expenses, office space, stenographic, rules, regulations, administrative procedures and administrative services of the repre­ and practices or ordinances of the party entity to avoid or refuse compliance with any _law, rule, regulation, order or ordinance of a sentative shall be paid from any available states in any of the fields of its interest and appropriations selected by the head of such competence as in its judgment may be party state or subdivision thereof now or appropriate. Any such recommendation hereafter made, enacted or in force. agency or agencies as may be designated by shall be made through the appropriate state "(b) Limit, diminish, or otherwise impair the President to provide such expenses. agency with due consideration of the jurisdiction exercised by the Atomic Energy SEC. 4. The Atomic Energy Commission; desirability of uniformity but shall also give Commission, any agency successor thereto, or the National Aeronautics and Space Admin­ appropriate weight to any special circum­ any other Federal depa.rtment, agency or istration; the Secretary of Health, Education, stances which may justify variations to meet officer pursuant to and in conformity with and Welfare; the Secretary of Commerce; local conditions. any valid and operative act of Congress. the Secretary of Labor; the Secretary of 9606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 Agriculture; and the heads of other depart­ "For the keeping of property attached (in­ As the attached editorial so clearly ments and agencies of the Federal Govern­ cluding boats, vessels, or other property at­ states: ment · are authorized, within available tached or libeled) actual expenses incurred, appropriations and pursuant to law, to coop­ such as storage, moving, boat hire, or other Under such a national policy Colorado erate with the Southern Interstate Nuclear special transportation, watchmen's or keep­ River power, now used extensively in Cali­ Board. ers' fees, insurance, and $3 per hour for fornia, could be withdrawn at the expira­ SEC. 5. Coples of the annual reports made each deputy marshal required for special tion of existing contracts and used exclu­ by the Southern Interstate Nuclear Board services, such as guarding, inventorying, sively in the area of the Colorado River. pursuant to article II(k) of the Southern "moving, and so forth. The marshals shall It is my understanding that similar Interstate Nuclear Compact shall be trans­ >collect, in advance, a deposit to cover the mitted to the President and to the Joint initial expenses for such services and periodi­ sentiments were expressed during the Committee on Atomic Energy of the Con- cally thereafter such amounts as may be hearings on S. 3153 before the Senate necessary to pay such expenses untll the Interior Subcommittee on May 21. gr;~~- 6. The consent to the Southern Nu­ litigation is concluded; The San Bernardino Evening Tele­ clear Compact given by this Act shall extend "For copies of writs or other papers fur­ gram editorial follows: to any and all supplementary agreements nished at the request of any party, 30 cents NORTHWEST POWER entered into pursuant to article VI of such per folio of one hundred words or fraction Compact: Provided, That any such supple­ thereof; California has been planning on the use of mentary agreement ls only for the exercise "For all services in a criminal case except surplus power from the Federal plants in the of one or more of the powers conferred upon for the summoning of witnesses, a sum to Northwest in connection with the Feather the Southern Interstate Nuclear Board by be fixed by the court not exceeding $25 where River State water plan. Pumping of the wa­ article V of such compact. conviction ls for a misdemeanor and not ter south from the Sacramento River delta SEC. 7. The right to alter, amend, or repeal exceeding $100 where conviction ls for a will require more power than project itself this Act is expressly reserved. felony; can develop. SEC. 8. The right ls hereby reserved to the "For necessary travel in serving or en­ Under the existing law, California is en­ Congress or any of its standing committees deavoring to serve any process, writ, or order, titled to preferential use from the Pacific to .require the disclosure and furnishing of 12 cents per mile, or fraction thereof, to be Northwest. such information or data by the Southern computed from ·the place where service ls But now comes Senate b111 3153 to pro­ Interstate Nuclear Board as is deemed ap­ returnable to the place of service or en­ vide that the area of the Pacific Northwest, propriate by the Congress or any such deavor; or, where two or more services or both public and private users, could recall Committee. endeavors, or where an endeavor and a serv­ power used in California and put it to the ex­ clusive use of the Northwest. The bill was ordered to be engrossed ice, are made in behalf of the same party in the same case on the same trip, mileage shall California is resisting the proposal. Hear­ and read a third time, was read the be computed to the place of service or en­ ings are underway this week before a Senate third time, and passed, and a motion to deavor which ls most remote from the place committee in Washington. reconsider was laid on the table. where service is returnable, adding thereto Thus, there ls to be decided a new and any additional mileage traveled in serving strange national policy: Even if the people of or endeavor.Ing to serve in behalf of that the entire country pay for the construction U.S. MARSHALS' FEES party. When two or more writs of any kind, of the Federal powerplants (such as in the Pacific Northwest) , the area could claim the The Clerk called the bill

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Income Disbibution of the Tax Provi­ ing 1954 income distributions. If you in gross receipts of almost $15 million wanted to visualize these at current income sions ·of the King-Anderson Bill levels, it would be reasonably accurate to in 1961. The profit accruing to the Uru­ use the same percentage figures and raise guay treasury was close to $5 million. These funds were earmarked for unem­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS each of the income class items by 25 per­ cent, that is, the figures in the top row ployment benefits, physical education, OF would genera.Uy apply to the income class and for that nation's fight against TB. HON. HERMAN T. SCHNEEBELI in 1962 of zero to $2,500. Mr. Speaker, this South American OF PENNSYLVANIA Percentage share of tax burden by . income country has the sense to realize that classes, social-insurance contributions, great benefits may be derived from a na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES personal income taxes, and all other Fed­ tional lottery. We, too, can realize a Monday, June 4, 1962 eral taxes, 1954 tremendous benefit here in the United Mr. SCHNEEBELI. Mr. Speaker, be­ States with our own Government-run All Fed­ lottery. ing under· the general impression that Soclal­ Federal eral taxes the workingman would be contributing insur­ indi­ excluding A national lottery in the United States Income class nnce vidual social in­ can produce over $10 billion a year in more percentagewise for medical ex­ contri­ income surance pense aid available under the Kin·g-An­ bution tax contri­ additional income which can be used to derson bill than he would contribute to bution cut taxes and reduce our national debt. funds available · through the present ------1- - - ·------What a lift this would be to Mr. and Kerr-Mills legislation, I asked the Ways 0 tq $2,()()() __ · ------· 6. 8 1. 6 3.2 Mrs. American Taxpayer. $2,000 to $3,000 ______10. 3 3. 7 4. 9 and Means Committee counsel to pre­ $3,000 to $4,000_. ______17.9 8.0 8. 5 pare for me memorandum indicating $4,000 to $5,:)00 ______18. 5 10.2 9. 8 a $5,000 to $7,600 ______28. 6 28.3 23.9 how various income groups contributed $7,600 to $10,000 ______8. 6 13. 9 11.0 Over $10,()()() ______Washington Report to the general tax fund as wel~ as ~pecifi­ --9-. 1 - - 34.3- - --38. 7 cally to the social security funds. My TotaL ___ -··---·-· 100 100 100 initial opinions were substantiated, since EXTENSION OF REMARKS the workingman is contributing at least The table indicates that the burden of OF twice as much to the social security fund financing social insurance legislation is con­ percentagewise than to the General centrated fQJ' more heavily in the lower HON. BRUCE ALGER Treasury. . . brackets than in the rest of the Federal tax OF TEXAS Figures submitted with the quoted structure. At 1962 levels, one could say that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES individuals above $12,500 of income pay only memorandum indicate that on the rev­ Monday, June 4, 1962 enue table, 53.5 percent of all social se­ about 9 percent of the cost of social security curity income is secured from persons but they pay a.bout one-third of ·the Federal Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, under individual income taxes and almost 40 per­ leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ with incomes of $5,000 per year and less. cent of the total burden of Federal taxes ex­ This same income group on the other cluding social insurance contributions. ORD, I include the following newsletter hand contributes only 26.4 percent of This table is based upon the assumption of June 2, 1962: the general tax fund from which Kerr­ that the employer part of the social security WASHINGTON REPORT Mills legislation secures its funds. Ac­ taxes is reflected in the price of the products ( By Congressman BRUCE ALGER, Fifth District, cordingly, the workingman then con­ that they sell and consequently the burden Texas) tributes more than twice as much for of the employer tax is distributed generally Is consistency a virtue? Is it important the same dollar's worth of medical as­ in the manner of a. general sales tax. that a man stand for something? Should a sistance under the King-Anderson bill Member of Congress vote his convictions or as he would through the present Kerr­ not? Should men in public office be truthful Mills legislation. It appears that this with constituents or should men be political, The Uruguay National Lottery · defined (by some) as taking both sides of an argument has not been emphasized issue or dodge the issue entirely? In elec­ enough in our discussion of this con­ tions, should people support one candidate troversial legislation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS or both opposing candidates so as to be a The memorandum referred to follows: OF supporter of whomever wins? Does intellec­ This memorandum is in response to your tual honesty make any difference today~ One request to Leo Irwin for some statistics HON. PAUL A. FINO may well ponder these questions and their relating to the income distribution of the OF NEW YORK answers. There is even danger of being t ax provisions of the King-Anderson bill. IN THE HOUSE-OF REPRESENTATIVES branded prudish or "holier than thou" if· a The following table on percentage share strict standard of public service is followed. is based on the paper on the ."Income Dis­ Monday, June 4, 1962 To continue the worksheet o! a conserva­ tribution of the Tax Burden" by Prof. Mr. . FINO. Mr. Speaker, I would like tive theme (newsletter, May 19). To docu­ Richard Musgrave submitted to the Fiscal ment the statement "A conservative does' not Policy Subcommittee of the Joint Economic to apprise the Members of this House believe our Federal Government is designed Committee during their 1955· panel on· Fed­ with the Uruguay national lottery. to nor can successfully !eed, clothe, house, eral tax policy for economic growth and . In· this small country· of some 3 mil­ provide Jobs and basic necessities," let''s ·re­ statistics. These are based on data reflect- lion people, the national lottery brought call today's legislation and · the direction of 9622 ~0~9"RESSIONAL RJ3:CORD - HOUSE June 4 this administration. Food-farm program, facts to create fiction. In 1960, Kennedy could move 84 troops with 40,000 pounds Public Law 480, food distribution both at made a television film with an elderly man of cargo, or 108 troops with 24,000 home and worldwide, school lunch ·and milk in Kentucky. The man claimed he had pounds of cargo. programs, surplus foods combined with wel­ used up his life savings of around $900 to As to the long-range value of this air­ fare programs. Housing-public housing by pay for treatment of a hip injury. He ended craft, consider a flight from McChord the millions, urban renewal, area redevelop­ the program with a plea for social security ment. Jobs-public works, area redevelop­ medical care. Investigation revealed: (1) Air Force Base in my State of Washing­ ment, wage setting (Davis Bacon-Walsh The man had a private health insurance ton to Tokyo, Japan. That represents a Healey). Clothing-public assistance. Basic plan. (2) He spent only $80 (would have distance of 4,860 miles. On a nonstop necessities-public power, peacetime GI in­ spent only $50 ,except he wanted a semi­ flight, one _of these planes could carry surance, small business loans, medical care, private room) .' (3) He had told Kennedy 43,000 pounds of cargo from McChord to etc. These are but a few examples. Under about the private health care plan, but was Tokyo, or 160 battle-equipped troops. foreign aid, of course, we are engaged in all warned not to mention it on the program. This aircraft, in other words, is unique areas overseas. For my part, I shall continue The money-laden Kennedy distributed this consistently to interpret the Constitution as film copiously through TV stations all over in this capacity, as no other aircraft llmited government of checks and balances the country. The big lie was brazen, cal­ could fulfill such a mission. between Federal-State with residual power culated and deliberate." Issue of the day, The new Boeing all-cargo jets, whose in the people and between executive, legisla­ National Republican Congressional Commit­ construction is giving further impetus to tive, and Judicial. tee) . Many people say that people get the the economy of the Northwest, will sym­ · The effect o! the President's dictatorial kind of government they deserve. Do the bolize the introduction of truly mass suppression of the steel industry has spread people of the United States deserve the kind of government they're getting today? What transport of cargo by air. An ultimate throughout the entire Nation's business, evi­ result could be a reduction in cargo rates denced by the stock market plunge. It is do you think? interesting to observe the President's eco­ and, by making possible a reduction of nomic adviser, Mr. Heller, as he flounders inventories-and the elimination of ware­ around trying to explain the market with­ housing, a new concept of distribution. out crediting the President's action as the Breakthrough for U.S. Air Capability It is gratifying also to learn that Pan cause. (Subject: "Now they're lying about American continues in its diligent sup­ economics": "Walter Heller, President Ken­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS port of our military services and again nedy's top economic adviser, t ried to explain is pioneering in the development of com­ away the crash in the stock market by claim­ OF ing that the American people have so much mercial air cargo. The company is to be confidence in the administration's ab111ty HON. THOMAS M. PELLY congratulated on this farsighted move to hold the economy ln line that they are OF WASHINGTON and for being the first to ,take delivery selling stocks in the knowledge that inflation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on this splendid airplane. The acquisi­ 1s a thing of the past. This woolly headed tion of the Boeing 707-321C's by our thinking illustrates the confusion at the Monday, June 4, 1962 commercial air carriers will indisputa­ White House. Heller, in a speech Monday, Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, we recently said consumer prices have held steady since bly-result in further aid to our defense the administration came into office. This had a striking example of the way in posture and, by increasing international ls a lie. The fact ls that consumers prices which our Nation's military capability trade, mean an improvement in the Na­ rose again in April to an alltlme high of will be aided by bold leadership on the tion's balance of payments. 105.2. They have jumped 0.7 percent this part of private American enterprise. year, already as much as they rose last year­ I am referring to the fact that Pan a total of 1.4 percent since Kennedy came American World Airways has announced into office. • • • Heller said the stock mar­ the purchase of two American-built, all­ ket is no indicator of business conditions, Reduction of the National Debt that conditions are Just fine, and that the cargo jet aircraft. Designated the 707- 'recovery' will extend well into 1963." Issue 321C and manufactured by the Boeing EXTENSION OF REMARKS of the day, National Republican Congres­ Aircraft Co. of Seattle, they are the OF sional Committee) . This ls the adviser latest products of which America's vital whose advice West Germany categorically aircraft industry can be proud. HON. PAUL G. ROGERS turned down as it went instead to private When the potentialities of this air­ OF FLORIDA enterprise as the answer and soared to new craft purchase _are realized, we will find IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES heights. Perhaps the President's strange that it represents an advance in both outlook on the role of government in our Mo_nday, June 4, 1962 lives was best stated by him in his New military and commercial cargo trans­ York medlcare speech. "The fact of the portation comparable to the transition Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak­ matter ls that what we are now talking from propeller to jet aircraft in the field er, the Ways and Means Committee is about doing, most of the countries of Europe of passenger transportation. currently considering the question of did years ago. The British did it 30 years Let us consider what thif> purchase temporarily increasing the national debt ago. We are behind every country, pretty means to the national defense. Since ceiling. I have submitted testimony in nearly, in Europe, in this matter of medical care for our citizens." Imagine such a state­ these new cargo jets will be enrolled opposition to this increase, and in my ment from the man heading the Government in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet, the Armed testimony also called for adoption of a of the Nation that has the finest medical Forces, for the first time, will have on plan to provide for systematic reduction care in the world, where no one is denied call truly modern all-cargo jet aircraft, of the debt itself. Under leave to extend medical care for lack of money, a country which are financed, operated, and main­ my remarks, I hereby include my state­ whose health and freedom has resulted in tained by a commercial air carrier at ment at this point in the RECORD: pouring our wealth into these countries the no expense to the Government. President would emulate. Well, Hitler, STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE PAUL G. Mussolini, Fascists, Communists, and Social­ With the speed, range, and carrying ROGERS, MEMBER OF CONGRESS FROM FLOR­ ists have abounded in these countries and capacity of these jets, a major contribu­ IDA, BEFORE THE HOUSE WAYS AND MEANS they haven't given up trying to make us tion will be made to our military Reserve COMMITTEE, JUNE 1, 1962, ON THE NATIONAL over. They've been trying since before 1776, in times of emergencies. These Boeing DEBT but we've been helping them only the last cargo jets will be able to fly nonstop to Mr. Chairman and members of this dis­ 30 years-since the beginning of the New almost any of the world's trouble spots, tinguished committee, thank you very much Deal. President Kennedy is accelerating this carrying troops or material, or a com­ for the opportunity to present my views on change. Ironically, it 1s true that we can­ the proposal to provide a temporary increase not be made over from without, but only bination of both. They will be capable in the national debt. Let me say, with all from within. The changes are going on be­ of carrying missiles, trucks, ambulances, due respect to this great committee, that I fore our eyes. The question is will people and other mobile equipment used by an am opposed to an increase in the national see it in time to stop it. Here's another airborne battle group. debt, and that I urge the committee to dis­ account of what's happening to us. (Sub­ One of these planes alone can trans­ approve any such increase. Further, I ject: The big Ile-Kennedy's technique: port 82 percent of the daily rations of an respectfully request that the committee give "Even though he got caught in a medical airborne division. On a flight between its most serious consideration to reduction care lie during the 1960 campaign, President of the debt. This purpose could be accom­ John F. Kennedy apparently didn't learn Travis Air Force Base and Hickham plished by H.R. 1080, a bill which I intro­ anything, or 1s too indifferent toward the Field, Hawaii, for example, this would duced to provide for systematic repayment truth to care. On Sunday he spun another mean the delivery of almost 600,000 of the national debt. fabrication in his rally plea for medical care pounds of cargo per week. As an illus­ H .R. 1080, if enacted, would require the under social security. Again he trampled tration of the planes' flexibility, each Secretary of the Treasury to apply a sum 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9623 equal to 1 percent of the national debt an­ be reduced to •232 billion in 20 years, and the citation in behalf of my colleagues in nually in payment on the debt principal. A $172 billion in 60 years. This reduction in the Congress. system such as this _one would guarantee the principal would result 1n a saving of "The principal merit of our refugee legis­ payment on the debt, and there is no such nearly $19 billion in interest alone for the lation-in my opinion-lies in the fact that statutory provision for planned payment of first 20 years, and a saving of nearly $100 it realistically addressed itself to an existing the debt at this time. billion in interest over 60 years. problem. Assistance and resettlement op­ The national debt now stands at approxi­ I urge this distinguished committee to ap­ portunities were extended to specified mately $298 billion as a result of the tem­ prove this plan for systematic reduction of people and available in the area where as­ porary increase enacted last year. When the national debt as soon as possible. We sistance was needed. this increase expires July l, 1962, the debt must face up to fiscal responsibility some­ "Looking at the situation facing all of ceiling will return to $285 billion, unless time. We ought to start now. us-the Government of the United States otherwise altered by legislation. As this and the American voluntary agencies-at the committee knows, a debt ceiling is a bra.ke present time-I wonder whether we have not on Government spending, and we are spend­ somewhat deviated from this principal fea. ing too much. Refugees in Europe and Refugees in Dade ture of our joint activities. Any proposal to increase the national debt "Let me convey to you, in the spirit of true must also involve the reduction of the debt. County, Fla. friendship and frankness, a few thoughts There is a correlation between the size of the and a few figures. national debt and the interest burden it "It appears to me that there exists at this carries. As the debt grows larger, the public EXTENSION OF REMARKS time a striking difference between the refu­ is saddled with higher taxes to support its OF gee problem in Europe and the problem obligations. of refugees in the United States. What I As you can see, there must be repayment HON. HALE BOGGS have in mind is the difference between the on the debt itself. Morally, each American OF LOUISIANA situation existing today in the traditional has been taught that he must meet his fi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES area of our efforts and expenditures--coun­ nancial obligations. When we borrow tries like Western Germany, Italy, Austria, money, we do so in good faith, and it is Monday, June 4, 1962 on the one hand, and just one area of the only fitting that we pay it back. The eco­ Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to United States-Dade County, Fla., on the nomic realities of life demand that we repay include in the RECORD the text of a cita­ other. our debts if we are to maintain good credit. "I have done some homework lately-here In the business world, debt repayment is tion awarded the distinguished gentle­ and abroad-and I am startled with the essential to our national economy. Yet in man from Pennsylvania, Mr. FRANCIS E. results. the biggest business this Nation has-the WALTER, by the U.S. Committee on Ref­ "In the course of last year, approximately business of Government-there is no specific ugees and the text of an address made 100 escapees from behind the Iron Curtain provision for planned repayment of our by Mr. WALTER on that occasion: appeared in the free countries of Western debts. WALTER AWARDED CITATION FOR MERITORIOUS Europe per month. Twice that number of The Federal budget for fiscal year 1963 con­ SERVICE BY U.S. COMM ITTEE FOR REFUGEES­ Cuban refugees enter Florida per day. tains an item in the amount of some $9.4 APPEALS FOR EFFORT TO RESETI'LE CUBAN "The entire caseload of the U.S. escape billion for interest on the national debt. REFUGEES OUTSIDE OF FLORIDA program (USEP) in Europe and the Near This amount represents an interest rat e of East, as of last month, was less than 6,000 3.2 percent as of April 30, 1962. Yet no­ The U.S. Committee for Refugees at its annual meeting held in Washington, D.C., persons. This is the equivalent of 1 month's where in the Federal budget is there an item influx of Cuban refugees into Florida. marked for payment on the debt itself. on May 22, 1962, awarded Representative FRANCIS E. WALTER, Democrat, of Pennsyl­ "However, this small USEP caseload is in­ In 1790, the national debt' could have been flated by over 2,200 Yugoslavs with more completely satisfied had each American p aid vania, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Immigration and Nationality, the follow­ than questionable claims to political refugee $19 into the U.S. Treasury. At the end of status. Further, USEP caseload appears to the War of 1812, that figure would h ave been ing citation for meritorious service: "Citation for outstanding work on behalf suffer from a little temporary swelling by the $15. Just after the Civil War, a payment of inclusion of emigrants in transit from one $78 from every American would have satis­ of the world's homeless is awarded to the Honorable FRANCIS E. WALTER, Member of the or two countries behind the Iron Curtain fied the debt. After World War I , $240 was to the hospitable Republic of Israel. needed. Today, with the public debt total­ House of Representatives, Congress of the United States, in which his long service has "I hope that steps undertaken under con­ ing some $298 billion, a payment of $1 ,604 sistent congressional prodding will soon lead would be needed from every living American been marked by deep concerns for the prob­ lems of migrants and refugees-as a Mem­ to the much .. needed pruning of USEP's ca,se­ to satisfy it. This would be a payment over load. If this is done, the number of those and above the taxes collected each year to ber of the House Judiciary Committee, the Joint Committee on Immigration and Na­ who may, at least with some degree of justi­ keep the Government running. fication, claim political refugee status, would This Nation is engaged in a great stru ggle tionality Policy, Delegate to the Council of Intergovernmental Committee for European certainly drop to 1,500 or 2,000 persons in for the survival of its freedoms. The great the entire area of USEP's operations. This global conflicts which the United States has Migration and the author of basic refugee legislation, whose most recent bill providing is precisely the number of Cuban refugees experienced in recent years are certainly entering Florida each week. major factors in our increasing indebtedness. for continued support of international refu­ gee and migration programs reflects the "In the course of almost 2 years' operation Today our resources are tapped with needs conducted by the Immigration and Naturali­ for huge armies and explorations into outer broad humanitarian approach to which his countrymen are by tradit ion committed. In zation Service pursuant to the 1960 Fair space. Our national economy is fortunately Share Act, only 11 ,246 refugees were found able to accommodate most of these essential grateful appreciation, "MAXWELL M. RABB, in Europe and the Near East to be qualified expenditures. for entry into the United States. As you However, there are m any programs which "President. "WILLIAM L. BREESE, know, no effort was spared by the administra­ are not essential to the survival of democ­ "Secretary." tors of the law and by the voluntary agen­ racy. It is this sort of nonessential spend­ cies to find more refugees qualifying for ing which I believe to be against the best In accepting the citation, Representative entry. Those efforts notwithstanding, it is interests of our Nation's welfare. Foreign WALTER made the following address: impossible to reach the statutorily author­ aid is a prime example of the kind of program "Mr. Chairman, I accept this splendid ized fair share which is 16,490. One of the which could be reduced immediately. Last citation with gratitude and humility. I ac­ most characteristic figures which I obtained year, the foreign aid program came to nearly cept it not as honoring myself only but ad­ is t he figure of some 2,000 refugees in Europe half of the interest on the national debt dressed to all my colleagues on the Commit­ who, after having registered for entry into itself. The American taxpayer would be tee on the Judiciary, and in the House of the United States, have changed their minds, greatly relieved, I am sure, if we were to Representatives itself, who made it possible withdrawn their petitions when invited for substitute an item in the Federal budget to interviews by our immigration officers, and apply as payment on the national debt in for the humanitarian legislation you refer to, to be placed on the statute books of the informed them that they preferred to remain place of the excessive billions spent on for­ in economically prosperous Europe. eign aid. What priority does debt reduction United States. "The contrast between this picture and the have in our Government when every con­ "The sentiments expressed in the citation refugee situation in this country is striking, ceivable program comes first? are obviously directed to all of those in the indeed. Official figures submitted to me just Mr. Chairman, the reduction of the na­ Congress of the United States who since the 3 days ago indicate that while we were beat­ tional debt must be done on an orderly, end of World War II have seen to it that ing the bushes to find, in Europe, refugees programed basis. Should this committee their country is at all times equipped with desirous of coming to the United States, the approve legislation to apply 1 percent of the legal instrumentality permitting to extend number of Cuban refugees already in this debt as payment on the national debt itself a helping hand to victims of totalitarian country had reached 114,000. The Depart­ with no change in the current permanent persecution who had to flee their lands. It ment of State is issuing entry permits for debt ceiling of $285 billion, the debt could is in that context that I am proud to receive Cuban refugees at the rate of 700 per day, 9624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 or 3,500 per week. The current rate of new sentatives. Participation in the poll was· proportion of those making comments applications for entry is 20,000 each month. not limited to any special group. Through expressed serious concern and outspoken There are, at the present time, 160,000 entry the mailing of a questionnaire and the permits stacked up in the immigration office opposition to increasing the powers of at Miami International Airport awaiting the cooperation of district newspapers, which the President and greater Federal ex­ arrival of more Cuban refugees. kindly reprinted the questionnaire as a· penditures that are producing mounting "At this rate-and nothing indicates that public service, the opportunity to par­ deficits and adding to· the burden of the the influx will abate-we will have by the ticipate was made available to all of national debt. end of this year 160,000 Cuban refugees in those interested in expressing their this country and we will double this figure, views. Following are the detailed results of or at least bring it to 300,000 in 1963. The poll contained 18 questions re­ the poll: "Why did I seize upon this festive occasion to swamp you with these facts and figures? lating to matters of domestic and for­ eign policy. The results of this opinion No The answer is simple: I wish to appeal to Yes No opin­ you for help. survey are now available. It is surpris­ ion "I wish to join my friend, Secretary Ribi­ ing that the tabulation indicates such coff, who appeared last week with a similar definite trends in the thinking of the 1. Do you approve the President's appeal before the conference of mayors re­ people of the district. The results show request for authority to buy questing their help in providing for resettle­ that opinions on half of the questions $100,000,000bonds? ______in United Nations _ ment of Cuban refugees, the many thou­ 27. 5 66.3 6.2 registered more than 75 percent support 2 • •\re stronger laws needed to sands who are already in Florida, and those assure safety and effcctivene~s who will soon arrive there, so that the bur­ or opposition. of drugs and cosmetics offered den might be shared rather than kept on The poll expressed great concern over for sale? ______------83.6 11. 2 5. 2 the shoulders of one community or one the national debt, approving by 89.4 per­ 3. 8hould the United States resume atomic testing in the atmos- county. cent the proposal that the annual Fed­ phere?. ______------63. 7 25.3 11.0 "I simply wish to appeal to you to con­ eral budget should include funds for a 4. Do you favor thi> President's centrate your efforts on the area where there systematic reduction of the national request for greater authority 1s a most difficult problem, a problem stead­ to lower or abolish tariifs? ____ _ 19. 7 70. 8 3. 5 debt. Other issues included approval 5. Should U.S. foreign aid funds ily increasing in scope and fraught with and surplus food be made economic and social compllca tions and of stronger laws to assure safety of drugs available to the Communist and cosmetics, 83.6 percent; opposition government,s of Poland and dangers. Yugoslavia? ______"The U.S. escapee program in Europe and to the President's request for tariff­ 11. 5 82.2 6. 3 6. Do you agree with the Presi­ in the Near East, is spending considerable cutting authority, 76.8 percent; opposi­ dent's plan for higher price sums of money, taxpayers' money, not money tion to foreign aid or food for Poland support,s for farm commodities coming from voluntary contributions, for and more stringent Federal and Yugoslavia, 82.2 percent; opposition controls on farm_production? __ _ 13. 3 81.8 4. 9 maintaining offices and staffs counseling­ to high price supports and more strin­ 7. Should the Fi>deral budget each under contracts-the steadily dwindling year include funds for a system­ number of refugees on a variety of subjects, gent Federal controls over farm produc­ atic reduction of the national including the problem of where to obtain tion, 81.8 percent; approval of the pro­ dcbt?------89.4 6.1 4. 5 posal to require, by law, disclosure of 8. Should servicC'men be granted an immigrant visa which the refugee is re­ educational and home loan luctant to apply for anyway, because he interest rates at the time loans are made benefit.c; similar to those pro­ found employment and housing in the coun­ or installment credit is granted, 84.9 vided for World War II and try which gave him asylum. Korean veterans? ______55.8 37. 8 6.4 percent; opposition to granting power to 9. Should it be ri>quired by law that "The situation in Florida is just the re­ the President to adjust income taxes, lenders and vendors disclose in verse. The number of Cuban refugees who-­ 88 percent; and approval of the use of advance actual interest rates as time progresses--desire more and more to credit?on lo ans______and______installment______be removed from the shores of Florida into wiretap evidence by the Federal Gov­ 84. 9 10. 3 4. 8 10. Should Congress approve tne communities where they may not have to ernment for certain serious offenses, President's request for $2,000,- rely on welfare assistance provided by Secre­ 85.1 percent. 000,000 for standby public works programs in case of a tary Ribicoff's agency, 1s steadily increasing. The question of sending U.S. troops to recession? ______They are the ones who need counseling, the 38.9 56.1 5.0 Vietnam and other countries of southeast 11. Should Congress give the Presi­ communities that might accept them need Asia to def end this area from Communist dent power to raise and lower counseling, and potential American employ­ income taxes? ______8.0 88.0 ,.o ers need counseling. penetration showed the narrowest di­ 12. Should the Federal Government vision of opinion-40.1 percent in favor be em powered to me wiretap "I am convinced that if the American vol­ evidence iu cases involving se­ untary agencies would expend in Florida just and 44.9 percent opposing. It also re­ curity, organi1,ed crime, and a fraction of the funds and efforts spent in flected the greatest indecision with 15 other serious off.enses? ______85.1 10.2 •. 7 Western Europe, Secretary Ribicoff's appeal percent registering no opinion. The sec­ 13. Do you support the President's proposal for $747,800,000 in Fed­ would begin to bear fruit very soon. ond closest division related to whether eral aid to improve the quality "Your committee, I am sure, wlll not deny stronger civil rights laws are needed. On oftion? grade ______and high school educa-______us its support and join the efforts designed 36. 5 57. 7 5.8 to have the American voluntary agencies this issue 48.5 percent favored stronger 14. Are you in favor of tax deduc­ laws, 37 percent opposed and 14.5 per­ tions !or parents to assist them and civic groups concentrate on the most in pllying college tuition cost,s preMing refugee problem-the problem of cent expressed no opinion. for their children? ______60.9 35. 3 3.8 refugees in the United States." In the debate over medical care for the 15. Do you approve tbll President's request for $4,870,000,000 for the aged, the poll indicated widespread pop­ foreign aid program during the ular concern about both the issue and the next 12 months? ______16.1 75.1 8.8 problem underlying it. A total of 22.2 16. Do you believe tho United States should send troops to defend Results of 1962 Public Opinion P·oll percent favored the social security ap­ Vietnam or other countries in proach taken in the King-Anderson bill. southea~t Asia from Commu- nist penetration? ______40.1 44. 9 15. 0 EXTENSION OF REMARKS The philosophy of the Kerr-Mills Act, 17. Are stronger civil rights Jaws embodying Federal-State assistance needed? ____ ------48. 5 37.0 14. 5 OF 18. Which one of the following plans based on need, was favored by 19.2 per­ for medical care for the aged HON. TOM V. MOOREHEAD ·cent. · A voluntary program of medical do you approve: A. A compulsory Federal pro­ OF OHIO insurance, with costs shared by private gram of boQpita!ization IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES individuals and the Federal Government, and nur43ing home care to received the support of 17 .2 percent. persons ovi>r 65 eligible Monday, June 4. 1962 for social security, psid Private hospitalization insurance and no for by increased social se- Mr. MOOREHEAD of Ohio. Mr. Federal participation was favored by curity tax,:,s? ______22. 2 , B .•\ Federal-State program of Speaker, for the past 2 months, I have 33.2 percent. assistance based on need, been conducting a public opinion poll in Many hundreds of persons returning finan<>ed from general rev­ enues?______19. 2 the 15th Congressional District of Ohio, the questionnaire added comments dis­ C. A voluntary program of which I have the honor to represent here. cussing the issues. Although these com­ wedical insurance, with ----·· 8. 2 · _costs shared by the Fed- It hu been my purpose to solicit the ments are extremely-helpful to me in as­ eral Government and in- opinions of a large segment of the people sessing the feelings of the people of the dividual beneflclarles? ____ 17. 2 of southeastern Ohio to determine their district, it is not possible,-unfortunately, D. Pflvate hosplt(llizatlon In­ surance and no Federal f eellngs about important issues that are to reflect them in statistical form. How.:. - · participat1onL.-~-~------33. 2 awaiting action by the ·House of Repre- ever, I wish to point out tliat ~ very large -- ' 1962 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9625 Smoking and Health resents merely a review -and evaluation of apparently more susceptible to lung cancer, certain preexisting data already published or to many other types of cancer. Evidence and considered. That the report 1s no more continues to accumulate to show that lung EXTENSION OF REMARKS than a summary and critique of previously cancers often a.rise around old lung damage OJ' available evidence ts admitted by its authors. scars. These leads need further research at­ The scientific situation regarding what is tention t,o learn if previous lung ailments HON. WATKINS M. ABBITT known and what is not known about lung may provide a clue to susceptibility in lung OF VIRGINIA cancer and other diseases under considera­ cancer. . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.8 tion remains as it was before the Royal Col· If smoking does have a role in the develop­ lege report. These diseases are exceedingly ment of lung cancer, by what mechanism Monday, June 4, 1962 complex problems. does this occur? Most theories originally Mr. ABBI'IT. Mr. Speaker, in recent In dealing with biological problems, espe­ advanced on this question have been either cially those involving .basic life processes, tt abandoned or extremely modified. In dis· days there has been considerable dis .. is difficult but essential to distinguish be­ cussing this question in January 1962, the cussion of the question of the causes of tween what is actually known, what is ad­ British publication the Lancet observed: "No lung cancer. Certain statements have vanced as theory or deduction, what is classical carcinogen ( cancer-producing been made that reflect adversely upon opinion, and what is actually not known. agent) has been found in adequate concen­ the tobacco industry in a most unfair This applies directly and importantly to tration in tobacco smoke; no genuine lung manner. cancer. eancers have been produced. experimentally; In an effort to clarify some of the When emotional attitudes become in· and, though tobacco tar produces cancer valved, as they most certainly do in the when painted in mouse skin, it ts a slow and points raised, I have communicated with tobacco and health situation, thes~ essential ineffective agent by all ordinary standards." Dr. Clarence Cook Little, scientific di­ differences become even more difficult to dis­ In discussing this fact, the Lancet, which rector of the tobacco industry research tinguish. accepts the cigarette theory of lung cancer committee, asking his informed views on The Royal College of Physicians report is causation, can only speculate as to a pos­ the subject. Dr. Little, a cancer sci­ .a serious document that selects and presents sible role for smoke as a promoting agent entist for 53 years, is former president some known facts, considerable theory and or cocarcinogen. But this leaves the realm of the Universities of Michigan and deduction, much opinion, and even a little of the known fact and ventures into the Maine, and founder of the Jackson Me­ of what is not known. It does this in such area of the uncertain opinion. a manner as to advance the hypothesis that Why do pathologists, tn their studies of morial Laboratory 1n Maine. He is an cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung lung tissues ·and lung cancer sections, dis• emµient scientist who is widely respected cancer, and may be involved in other dis· agree on such basic questions as how much both in this country and around the eases. The authors thereupon urge restric­ increase there has been in lung cancer? world. tive measures against cigarettes. What kinds of lung cancer are the predomi­ I include herewith my letter to Dr. For the research scientist, this approach nant problem? Where · do lung cancers Little and his reply. and commend this leaves too many questions unanswered. The originate 1n the main passages (bronchi) to the reading of the Members of the purpose of research ts to find out what is not where all inhalation hits or in the more re­ known. What are some of the questions and mote parts (peripheries) of the lung? Firm House: knowledge on questions such as these could MAY 28, 1962. basic information which the Royal College of Dr. CLARENCE CooK LlTl'LE, Physicians report either does not answer or affect the scientific world's whole attitude Scientific Director, Tobacc9 Industry Re­ . neglects? It may be well to remind ourselves toward the problem of lung cancer. A num­ search Committee, New York, N.Y. of what is and ls not known. ber of recent studies, either omitted from or DEAR DR. LrrrLE: I have noticed·much dis­ Statistical data, upon which the Royal given scant attention In the Royal College cussion on the recent report on· "Smoking College of Physicians report and earlier sim• of Physicians• report, have demonstrated and Health" by the Royal College of Physi­ ilar reviews chiefly rely, may help point out that the answers even to such fundamental cians in England. The Impression has been a problem; they do not provide the solution. questions as these are not known, and may given that there has been a major change This ts clearly brought out by a comment well not be as previously supposed. in the situation involving smoking and on statistical and epidemiological data in a If even the nature and the_ origin of the health. U.S. Public Health Service monograph on problem are not known, how is it possible Because of your long experience as a can­ cancer morbidity published in 1959: to define, much less be precise, about a role cer scientist and your position as scientific "In the study of cancer, a disease that ap­ of any single factor or combination of director of the tobacco Industry research parently can be induced by a multiplicity of factors? committee, I would iike your views about etiological agents, one cannot realistically Why is it, as the Royal c .ollege of Phy· some questions tbat are being raised. expect to do more than identify factors that sicians' report states, that tobacco is some­ Does this English report contain new find­ appear to be frequently associated with ean• thing "most smokers enjoy without injury ings that affect the situation regarding cer. The proof -0f an etiological relationship to their health?" We need t,o learn more smoking? Should there be a reexamination must then be sought through more intensive about the differences between those people, or changes in the research programs being clinical or experimental studies." including the majority of smokers, who do conducted inoo smoking and health ques• The answer t,o the question, "What are the not appear t,o incur a risk of .certain diseases tions? basic causes of lung cancer?" must be sought and those who, according to statistical Your comments .on this matter will be re­ by methods other than statistical studies. studies, apparently Incur a greater health ceived with tnterf!st. What are some of the more specific questions risk for those diseases. With kindest regards, I am that are in need of research-attention? We should seek to learn more about the W. M. ABBITT. Why has there been consistent and uni­ differences between the person who becomes versal !allure ln every effort t,o induce lung a heavy smoker and one who does not smoke. ToBACCO INDUSTRY RESEARCH CO:ID,HTTEE, cancer in animals by having them inhale Several studies already made 1n this area New York, N.Y., May 31, 1962. tobacco smoke during their entire lifetimes? strong1y suggest that important personality Hon. WATKINS M. ABBiTT, Experimental animals can develop lung. can­ and constitutional traits are distributed dif­ Congreu of the Unitett States, H01LSe of cer under certain experimental challenges. ferently in smoking populations than in non­ Representatives, Washi-ngton, · D.C. · This has been done with certain viruses and smoking groups. Is lt not worth further DEA.a CONGJtESSKAN ABBITT: This ts in re­ with viruses in combination with such - Investigation to determine whether the sponse to your Inquiry whether the scientific aerosols as synthetic smog. sm.oking pattern ls a reflection of these dif­ situation regarding questions of tobacco use What, if any, is the role of viruses in lung ferences? Might it be that the genetic, . and health is changed as the result of the cancer? An increasing amount of scientific hormona1, emotional and other internal influ­ report by the Royal College of Physicians and research suggests the possibllity that viruses ences are the clues t,o differences in health of the subsequent publicity given the report may be involved in the causation of some risks? in E~gland and in this country. · tY})es of cancer. They are known to be so in­ These are just some of the important ques­ Also, you ask whether the report contains volved in some cancer in animals. Many tions to which the research scientist does any new facts that should bring about a studies -have shown that lung damage result­ . not know the answers. There are many reexamination o! the research on this prob­ ing from virus infections may possibly pre­ others. That some may be difficult ques­ lem being supported by the tobacco industry dispose to lung cancer. Experimental work tions t,o deal with is recogn!Y.ed, but it :is research committee as well as other organiza­ In this field is now rapidly opening up new nonetheless important that research atten­ tions. leads and methods of investigation. The briefest answer to your ·questions is How much lung cancer artseg as a result, tion be directed to them. "no." or in areas. ot previous lung damage from In developing -the research program for the The British Medical Journal, ·1.mpressed by such bact.ertal diseases as tuberculosis and tobacco industry research committee during the report, nonetheless says. "The. report does pneumonia? Within a generation we have the past 8 _ye~. !PY colleagues on the scien­ not present any new unpublished facts." seen the death rates from such infectious tific advisory board have always been guided The report does not include any original lung diseases decrease sharply. Thia means by a major policy point: We do not take any findings of investigations caTried out by the the survivors of such mnesses are now Uving . position that we are attempting to prove or Royal College or under· its auspices. It rep- inoo the older age brackets when they are disprove; rather we seek ·to flnd the answers CVIII-606 9626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 4 to the health problems that are being stud­ are maintained and implemented at this woman, and child in this country in every ied. The research grants made by the board school. walk of life. now total over $5 million and have been The members of the graduating class have The nuclear facts of life demand a defense made to independent scientists in the search devoted 4 years of hard effort to the develop­ posture which requires more appropriations for facts. We have not been restricted in ment of mental, spiritual, and physical ex­ and takes a bigger bite out of the tax dollar any way, either by industry request or lack excellence as prescribed in John Brown's than all the other functions of government of funds, in being able to support research famous axiom-Head-Heart-Hand. Never in combined. Defense t ·uches every pocket­ work that we believe necessary to help ac­ his history has man been so urgently pressed book and every bank account. Defense con­ quire the knowledge needed, to bring every faculty into play and to de­ sumes a lion's share of our industrial output. In 1960, the entire scientific advisory board velop every human resource. The philos­ Defense, in theory at least, is the moving agreed in a statement that the "most signif­ ophy of your school is designed to prepare force behind Russia's absolute regimentation icant development has been the general rec­ its graduates to enter a world filled with of all her resources. ognition that we do not yet have the answers, challenges-many of them unknown and The picture I have painted, if gloomy, is that an association between the extent of undefined. nonetheless realistic. The world has never tobacco use and the incidence of lung can­ A few days ago in the Speaker's office in known such broad potentialities for evil as cer does not prove a causal relationship, that the Capitol in Washington, D.C., I had the exist today. Nor has it ever had within arm's experimental verification is essential, and privilege of having a brief conversation with reach such tools for good. that there are a number of other factors Titov and John Glenn, both of whom within Potentially a killer, the atom can also be which need to be considered." This position the year had the experience of circumnavi­ humanitarian. Potentially devastating, it is has not been changed. gating the globe at a speed many times as equally capable of constructive effort. New significant research findings are ea­ fast as the sun and at altitudes never reached The atomic age has given mankind his gerly examined to see how they add to our by man before. Reduced to human terms, greatest weapons for his war against disease knowledge or may open up new avenues of these flights symbolize the contest for mili­ and hunger. Atomic energy offers us a investigations. Reviews such as that issued tary and scientific superiority between two chance to win the fight against poverty. by the Royal College of Physicians may help great powers. These two young men repre­ Over one-half the people of the world go to bolster opinion, but they do not add scien­ sent a struggle between conflicting ways of to bed hungry every night. tific facts. life: the one was reported to have said he Atomic radiation and radioisotopes offer Much research reported in the past few trusted God in his flight; the other that he new opportunities in the field of food pro­ years has tended to weaken, rather than to never did think about God. The outcome duction. The free world envisions as a fea­ support, the hypothesis that cigarette smok­ of this struggle will influence the ultimate ture of the new force an applied knowledge ing ls a causative factor in lung cancer. destiny of mankind more than any event of photosynthesis which will permit the Further research may bring about other since the Resurrection. production of enough food to feed the starv­ changes in knowledge about lung cancer and The school years of this graduating class ing masses of Asia and Africa. The promise in the approaches to research on this and span an era of spectacular scientific achieve­ of universal abundance automatically re­ other forms of cancer. For cancer ls not ment which has brought new dimensions to moves one of the major causes of war. More just a single disease, but one of many shapes power and space. In 1942 when the mem­ important, it holds out the hope that every and faces, of delicate complexity, and in­ bers of this class were scarcely more than man born of woman may live a happy, useful volves many mechanisms that are a part of infants, Enrico Fermi, an Italian immigrant, life, walking erect among his fellow men as our body and our growth processes. working in a squash court at the University befits the dignity of the image of God. If science is to have the opportunity to of Chicago, produced the first nuclear chain One of the main obstacles to the develop­ solve the problem of cancer, or similar dis­ reaction. In a coded message sent to Dr. ment of many of the backward countries of eases, we must be skeptical of claims for James B. Conant in Washington, D.C., Dr. the world has been the lack of local sources simple solutions. Continued research is the Arthur Compton heralded the atomic age by of power. At present the average man in only route to scientific truth. saying, "The Italian navigator has arrived North America has about 20 times a-s much Sincerely yours, at the shore of the New World." him in CLARENCE C. Lrrn.E, Sc.D., energy to work for as a. man Asia. Scientific Director. And so he had. Now, in one pound of uranium containing Fifteen years later on October 4, 1957, when energy of 3 million pounds of coal, the under­ most of this graduating class was in its third privileged peoples of the world have within year of high school Russian scientists. per­ reach the key to unlock the door to a new formed the felil,t of hurling the first earth age of abundance. Hon. satellite around the world at 20 times the Thus while atomic bombs make the head­ speed of the f!Un. lines, atomic energy furnishes us with an­ Not since the industrial revolution have other tool in the battle against disease. EXTENSION OF REMARKS the circumstances of life been so changed in While atomic war threatens the desolation OF such a short period of time. Hiroshima and of every countryside, atomic peace satisfies Nagasaki revolutionized the very concept of man's need for food, water, and power. HON. JAMES W. TRIMBLE war; and ever since, the memory of the While hydrogen bombs throw out radioactive OF ARKANSAS mushroom shadow has been a silent arbiter dust, radioisotopes are at work in our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at every conference of major powers and in laboratories rolling back the frontiers of every international negotiatiqn. science. Monday,June4,1962 When the first atomic explosion was set The problems of the atomic age are two­ Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ off at Alamogordo, N. Mex., in the summer fold. First, there is the problem of gearing urday, May 26, it was my good fortune of 1945, two eminent scientists who witnessed our technical capabilities to its potentialities. its mighty blast are reported to have caught Second, there is the problem of trying to and great honor to be present at the from the fury of its flames what might have avoid all-out atomic war. Both problems graduating exercises of the John Brown been prophetic glimpses. One of them said are related and both are complicated by the University of Siloam Springs, Ark., in he thought he saw what the last man on growing milltary might of the Soviet Union. the district which I am honored to rep­ earth would see at the end of time. The Russia's scientific gains have forced us to resent. This is a great institution, and other said he thought he caught a trace of an auditing of our past and to a redesign of its imprint will last through the ages. the great light that heralded the creation. our plans for the future. This job must be One of the highlights of the graduat­ Doomsday or creation, twilight or dawn, carried on by your generation and its difficul­ ing exercise was the commencement atomic war or atomic peace-what does the ties cannot be minimized. But the difficulty atomic future hold for mankind? Will it of the task is the measure of your opportu­ address delivered by our colleague and mean a tower of strength, prosperity, and nity. friend, the majority leader, the Honor­ happiness or an abyss of submission, de­ Theodore Roosevelt once said: "The right able CARL ALBERT, of Oklahoma. He was struction, and defeat? to live softly is in the end a right not worth given an honorary degree of doctor of No realistic sketch of the potentialities nf having. • * • I have never in my life laws at the graduation ceremonies. His the atomic age can be drawn without pic­ envied a human being who led an easy life; inspiring address to the· graduates is in­ turing on one side the possibility of all-out I have envied a great many people who led cluded as a part-of my remarks: atomic war. This threat figures in the mlll­ difficult lives and led them well." tary policy of every nation of the world. The potentialities of the atomic age call for POSITIVE ASPECTS OF THE NEW AGE IN SCIENCE Every country having the capability to com­ an enormous expansion of our scientific, in­ (By Hon. CARL ALBERT, of Oklahoma) pete has a crash program aimed at develop­ dustrial, business, and professional skills. Dr. Brown, faculty members, graduates, ment of a system of long-range ballistic All the great occupations and professions are ladies and gentlemen, it is a great honor to missiles carrying thermonuclear warheads. begging for men and women of training and be the speaker chosen to make your first When this ultimate weapon has been de­ ability. Tliis gives your generation opportu­ commencement address since the accredita­ veloped, every city in the world will have nities to use its talents never before offered tion of John Brown University by the North become a potential target subject to total to the young people of any era. Central Association. I congratulate you destruction. Russia is a · formidable contestant for upon having won this important recognition. Directly or indirectly, missiles and nuclear leadership in the field of scientific educa­ I know that the high standards it required weapons touch the daily lives of every man, tion. By dictatorial allocation of priorities 1962 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- SENATE 9627 and benefits, she is graduating enormous in technological fields we may uncover the They have not ·changed his relationship with numbers of physicists and chemists. This -secret to survival ln the atomic age. his Creator. With all the astounding poses a real challenge for business, for Gov­ Our competition from Russia in this dan­ achievements made or foreseen or foresee­ ernment and for our educational system. In gerous age calls for high skills. It calls also able in the age of nuclear power and outer speaking of Fermi's feat, the great nuclear for courage. It calls especially for moral space, man's spirtual ideals remain tran­ scientist, Dr. Willard F. Libby, said: "We courage. This Nation. was born under a scendent. The teachings of Christianity still could afford to double our present educa­ resolution that demanded liberty or death. reach infinitely beyond the realms of outer tional expenditures if it would give us just Survival is not the end of existence. space. one more Fermi per generation." Not only To be worthy to survive as a Nation we We have come a long way since the days the colleges and universities, but the Amer­ must be willing to risk our survival if need of Moses. We have replaced slingshots with ican people are challenged to renew and to be for the freedom and independence of rockets, pushcarts with jetplanes, row­ redouble their dedication to higher educa­ our people. boats with atomic ships, but in all this we tion. Such education, to equip us for life in We cannot win the cold war by retreat­ have found no substitute for the Ten Com­ the atomic age, must not be limited to the ing. We cannot win it by appeasement. mandments. development of scientific talents necessary to When principles are at stake we must be We have changed the foundations of phys­ keep us in the forefront of world wide tech­ willing to stand our ground at whatever ical theory; we have challenged the axioms nological developments. Of equal, if not of cost. There is no future in submission. If of geometry and disproved them, but the greater, importance is the necessity of learn­ we cannot survive with honor, we cannot Sermon on the Mount remains as immuta­ ing to live in the world which our technicians survive at all. ble as the "Rock of Ages." The changes in are creating. This calls for the development The true spirit of man, without reference to his ideologies, is committed to building science have served to emphasize, not to un­ of our talents on all fronts, the arts and the the tower. It is man's wandering from his dermine it. The Golden Rule was important humanities as well as the sciences. The one higher purpose which leads him to the abyss. to the individual in the bow and arrow age; sided, if not warped, trend in Russian educa­ The hydrogen bomb and tlie intercon­ in the age of atomic weapons it is indis­ tion may be the beginning of an over special­ tinental ballistic missile have posed tremen­ pensable to the survival of man. ization which may eventually lead to her dous problems in the realms of science, state­ As graduates of a great Christian universi­ breakdown. If we can sustain and broaden craft, and war. They have not, however, ty you have a rendezvous with destiny. With the base of our culture and still set the pace altered the basic duties or destiny of man. God's help, you wm not fail that rendezvous.

transmitted to the Senate the Interna­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE SENATE tional Wheat Agreement, 1962, Execu­ tive D, 87th Congress, 2d session. As in A message from the House of Repre­ TUESDAY, J UNE 5, 1962 sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its executive session, I move that the in­ reading clerks, announced that the The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, junction of secrecy be removed from the House had passed, without amendment, and was called to order by the Vice Presi­ agreement, that the agreement, to­ the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 88) au­ dent. gether with the President's message, be thorizing the issuance of a gold medal to The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown referred to the Committee on Foreign Bob Hope. Harris, D.D., offered the following Relations, and that the President's mes­ prayer: sage be printed in the RECORD. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT Eternal God, out of our partial and jection, it is so ordered. RESOLUTION SIGNED fragmentary conceptions, knowing that The message from the President is as The message also announced that the we see as through a glass darkly, we turn follows: to Thee, sure of no light but Thine, no Speaker had affixed his signature to the refuge but in Thee. To the Senate of the United States: following enrolled bills and joint resolu­ We acknowledge our share in the With a view to receiving the advice tion, and they were signed by the Vice world's sin, our love of ease, our pride and consent of the Senate to ratification, President: of race and place and possession, our I transmit herewith a certified copy of H.R. 1347. An act for the relief of Adolf M. ruthless competition, our failure to take the International Wheat Agreement, Bailer; H.R. 5652. An act for the relief of Kevork account of the needs of others, at home 1962, in the English, French, Spanish, Toroian; and and half a world away, and to realize and Russian languages, formulated at H.J. Res. 638. Joint resolution for the relief that in very truth humanity is one. the United Nations Wheat Conference of certain aliens who are serving in the This white altar reared at the gates of which concluded at Geneva on March U.S. Armed Forces. the morning speaks to us ever of our 10, 1962. The agreement was open for final reliance on the supreme spiritual signature in Washington from April 19 LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING forces--! aith, hope, and love-which through May 15, 1962. It was signed alone abide, and on which our salvation in behalf of the Government of the MORNING HOUR in the end depends. United States of America and the gov­ On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and Harken to the prayers of our hearts ernments of 34 other countries. by unanimous consent, statements dur­ when, in our highest moments, we forget I transmit also, for the information of ing the morning hour were ordered lim­ ourselves and think of Thee. the Senate, the report of the Secretary ited to 3 minutes. In the spirit of Christ we Jift our of State regarding the Agreement. At­ prayer. Amen. tention is invited particularly to the last paragraph of that report. It is my hope COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE SESSION THE JOURNAL that the Senate will find it possible to give early consideration to the Agree­ On request of Mr. SPARKMAN, and On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by ment so that, if the Agreement be ap­ by unanimous consent, the Finance unanimous consent, the reading of the proved, ratification by the United States Committee was authorized to meet dur­ Journal of the proceedings of Friday, can be effected and an instrument of ac­ ing the session of the Senate today. June 1, 1962, was dispensed with. ceptance deposited by July 16. JOHN F. KENNEDY. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT THE WHITE HOUSE, June 5, 1962. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, Messages in writing from the Presi­ ETC. dent of the United States were com­ EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED The VICE PRESIDENT laid before municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, the Senate the following letters, which one of his secretaries. As in executive session, were referred as indicated: The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the REPORT ON CONTRACTS FOR EXPERIMENTAL OR Senate messages from the President of RESEARCH WORK INTERNATIONAL WHEAT AGREE­ the United States submitting sundry MENT, 1962-REMOVAL OF IN­ A letter from the Administrator, National nominations, which were referred to the Aeronautics and Space Administration, JUNCTION OF SECRECY Committee on Armed Services. Washington, D.c~, transmitting. pursuant to Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the (For nominations this day received, law, a report on contracts negotiated by that President of the United States today see the end of Senate proceedings.) Administration for experimental or research