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ISE Newsletter, Volume 3 Issue 2, with Photos ETHNOBIOLOGY IN 1 Volume 3, Issue 2 December 2011 ASIA INSIDE THIS ISSUE: WILD EDIBLE HERBS 1 ETHNOBIOLOGY IN ASIA: THE ROOT BRIDGES 3 LIVELIHOOD AND POTENTIAL CONSERVATION ROLES OF WILD EDIBLE HERBS OF CHERRAPUNJI Contributed by ISE member R.P. Harisha HLIB JIANGL NAOX 4 Traditional communal area resources are mostly NIEX described as open access resources and are frequently ISE Darrell Posey 6 associated with over-utilization and poor management Fellowship Program of the natural resources therein. Yet it is those’ NO NEED FOR 6 unproductive and impoverished lands’ that support and SHAME supply diverse sources of important biological VIDEO EN LAS 8 resources from which local people benefit. COMUNIDADES Over 80% of poor rural households are known to THE DARRELL POSEY 10 depend on Wild Edible Herbs (WEHs) in Indian forest ARCHIVE fringe areas. As a result, the daily usage of WEHs is a ASAPP AFTER THE 12 significant, yet underestimated component of livelihoods, biodiversity, land use and ISE DARRELL POSEY land cover. This underestimation results from the lack of monetization of the SMALL GRANT consumption of these resources at the household level, and the lack of formal LA ASAPP DESPUÉS 15 markets, and hence they are not captured in national level accounting. However, DEL DARREL POSEY they may account for a considerable proportion of the total biodiversity in natural SMALL GRANT and subsistence ecosystems. CONFERENCE AND 19 Of the over 15000 (33.1%) higher plant species in Indian tropical forest, a wide range WORKSHOP REPORTS of them are harvested for WEH purposes. In particular, dozens of plants are used as ON FOREST FOODS, A 19 wild food plants; harvested from and around arable fields, scrub wood lands, FESTIVAL AND COMMUNITY wetlands, and homesteads. Several families of plants are used, with the genera Amaranthus, Cleome, Solanum and Dioscoria being the most conspicuous. 2ND ISE EASTERN- 22 The amount of wild edible plants consumed in forest fringe areas of India are known EUROPEAN to range from 12 to over 130 kg per household per year, with a single household ETHNOBIOLOGY using as many as 25 species. However, not much information exists on the cultivation WORKSHOP and domestication of most of these wild edible plants. (continued on page 2) ANNOUNCEMENTS 23 FROM THE ISE FROM THE EDITORIAL TEAM This issue features articles If you are interested in With warm regards, from India and China, updates contributing material for a ETHNOBIOLOGIST’S 23 Leslie Main Johnson, from past recipients of the ISE future issue of the newsletter, BOOKSHELF ISE Newsletter Editor Darrell Posey Fellowship please see the guidelines on ISE MEMBERSHIP awards, conference and the ISE website. 24 Natasha Duarte, DRIVE workshop reports, and special We invite your feedback, announcements from the ISE. suggestions, and submissions. ISE Coordinator www.ethnobiology.net Page 2 ISE Newsletter ETHNOBIOLOGY IN ASIA: LIVELIHOOD AND POTENTIAL CONSERVATION ROLES OF WILD EDIBLE HERBS (CONTINUED) Contributed by ISE member R.P. Harisha conservation and the needs, which has long term environment in which they occur. repercussions for local species The biggest challenges facing the diversity and endemism. conservation of wild edible species, just as several other species, is cultivating them -ex situ, domestication, and the management practices associated with them. Conservation benefits Mr. Shivanna belongs to Soliga of herbaceous species may be community; he is living in Keernahola village place where our Community through their ability to adapt and based Conservation Center (CCC) provide ground cover with the located. He is holding Heliotropium potential to minimize soil erosion. strigosum (Kogge gida in Kannada) They may also contribute to belongs to Boraginaceae family. He has been using leaf of this plant for improving the humus content of curing ear pain and related problems. the soil through their root systems, and be ploughed to The socio-economic status of provide green manure in organic individual households (e.g., viticulture. Regrettably, Wealth, gender of household herbaceous species well adapted They are belong to Soliga head, location of community and to their local environments are community from Anehola village; culture) could potentially often classified as weeds; they they are documenting wild edible plants in the forest. He is holding influence the use of wild edible face replacement with more fruits of Dimocarpus longan plants. In the Malai Madeshwara costly non-endemic species to (Gudagan jagadi) belong to family Hills Reserve Forest of Southern meet soil and water conservation Sapindaceae which are edible. India, the mean consumption frequency of wild edible plants per household and per capita was higher for poorer households than The author and tribal people are the richer households. having seasoned In spite of the importance of wild tuber (Dioscoriea edible herbs in the complex pentaphylla) for livelihood network that involves lunch during wild edible plants survey extraction from marginal lands in middle of the and agro-ecosystems, their forest. economic and land restoration potentials are little known. Therefore, the assessment of the value of lesser-known but useful R.P. Harisha is a Research Associate, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the plant species must tally their Environment (ATREE). Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur Post. Bangalore -560064 Karnataka State, India. Email: [email protected]; Contact No: 91-80-23635555; contributions to biodiversity and Fax: 91-80-23530070; Website: www.atree.org www.ethnobiology.net Volume 3, Issue 2 Page 3 ETHNOBIOLOGY IN ASIA: THE ROOT BRIDGES OF CHERRAPUNJI: CENTURIES-OLD BRIDGES, GROWN FROM TANGLED ROOTS Reproduced with permission from Atlas Obscura them can support the weight of fifty or more people at a time. Because they are alive and still growing, the bridges actually gain strength over time - and some of the ancient root bridges used daily by the people of the villages around Cherrapunji may be well over five hundred years old. The living bridges of Cherrapunji, India are made from the roots of the Ficus elastica tree. This tree produces a series of secondary roots from higher up its trunk and can comfortably perch atop huge boulders along the riverbanks, or even in the middle of the rivers themselves. Cherrapunji is credited with being the wettest place One special root bridge, believed to be the only on earth, and The War-Khasis, a tribe in Meghalaya, one of its kind in the world, is actually two bridges long ago noticed this tree and saw in its powerful stacked one over the other and has come to be roots an opportunity to easily cross the area's many known as the "Umshiang Double-Decker Root rivers. Now, whenever and wherever the need arises, Bridge." they simply grow their bridges. These bridges were re-discovered by Denis P. In order to make a rubber tree's roots grow in the Rayen of the Cherrapunji Holiday Resort. Due to right direction- say, over a river - the Khasis use his efforts to promote interest in the bridges, the betel nut trunks, sliced down the middle and local population has been alerted to their hollowed out, to create root-guidance systems. The potential worth and kept them from being thin, tender roots of the rubber tree, prevented from destroyed in favor of steel ones. What's more, a fanning out by the betel nut trunks, grow straight new root bridge is currently being grown and out. When they reach the other side of the river, should be ready for use within a decade. they're allowed to take root in the soil. Given enough To see more photos, please visit Atlas Obscura time, a sturdy, living bridge is produced. The root bridges, some of which are over a hundred feet long, take ten to fifteen years to become fully functional, but they're extraordinarily strong - strong enough that some of www.ethnobiology.net Page 4 ISE Newsletter ETHNOBIOLOGY IN ASIA: HLIB JIANGL NAOX NIEX Contributed by ISE Member Amy Eisenberg While serving as an International rice wine. Litsea mollis are processed for its Expert in Hunan Province of Pounded glutinous rice cakes are aromatic oil, whose main southwest China at the Research prepared and shared with guests chemical constituents are citral Institute of Anthropology and for this very special occasion and and geraniol, which are used as Ethnology, Jishou University in Maid Wux' mother stored many food flavorings, cosmetics and impoverished Xiangxi large cakes in the granary of their spices. Litsea seeds also contain Autonomous Minority Prefecture, house. Glutinous rice cakes are oil and are applied as a main Maid Wux, my Hmong graduate delicious and very filling. ingredient in soaps. student took us to her high The roots, fruits and seeds of this mountain village of Hlib Jiangl in plant are all used medicinally. The the rural reaches of Guizhou seed oil is taken for stomach Province to celebrate Naox Niex, ailments, and the fruits are the Hmong New Year in employed for treating colds, as an November. anodyne and antiemetic, and for We shared some wonderful days regulating the flow of vital in her beautiful village, where the energy. Litsea imparts a light and air is cool and fresh and the water citrus-like flavor to food, which is is sweet. Hlib Jiangl is a remote Naox Niex: glutinous rice cakes very pleasing to the palate and mountain village with handsome (sticky rice), traditionally made and soothing for digestion. Zat zaid wooden Hmong traditional eaten during the new year. jiangl is an important wild plant houses where golden corn and We were invited to a number of of the region for the Hmong millet are hung to dry beneath homes for diverse and lavish people of Hlib Jiangl. the eaves. feasts of soups, meats and A central wooden totem pole or Cascading terraces of diversified vegetables.
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