Wheat-To-Bread Infrastructure in Southern Syria

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wheat-To-Bread Infrastructure in Southern Syria Syria Wheat-to-Bread Infrastructure in Southern Syria July 2017 Contents Acknowledgements 3 Executive Summary 4 Background 5 Objectives 5 Objectives: Research Questions 6 This survey endeavored to answer the following questions 6 Methodology 6 Limitations 7 ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (Market Mapping) Market Mapping 9 Market environment 9 Types of Flour and Wheat 10 Market chain 11 Bakery Operation Modalities 13 ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (Infrastructure Mapping) Infrastructure Mapping 15 Southeast Dar’a 16 South Central Dar’a 16 Northeastern Dar’a 17 Southwest Dar’a 18 Northwest Dar’a/Quneitra 19 Dynamic Systems 19 ASSESSMENT FINDINGS (Silo, Mill and Bakery Facility Assessments) Silos 21 Mills 21 Bakeries 22 Focus on Fuel 23 CONCLUSIONS Key Observations 26 Further Assessments 27 Programming Recommendations 27 Annex I Price Volatility Monitoring 28 2 Acknowledgements The Regional Food Security Analysis Network (RFSAN) is a joint project between iMMAP and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/ Food for Peace (FFP). This survey was conduct- ed with the support of the Syria Food Security Sector – Jordan hub and its partners. Data col- lection was assisted by the Afak field team of enumerators while the FFP funded Food Assis- tance Programme (FAP) II, Acted, and Aurantis provided additional consultations. 2 3 Executive Summary The wheat-to-bread market in southern Syria Further understanding the scope and depth of was critically disrupted when the government the gap in local flour production is crucial to im- cut off services to opposition-controlled areas at proving bread production. Those surveyed indi- the beginning of the conflict in 2011. This supply cated price and unavailability of key inputs, es- severance created shortages of flour and bread pecially fuel, wheat, and flour, to be the major that continue today, compounded by the effects bottlenecks at all steps across the supply chain. of prolonged conflict. Repeated assessments are necessary to refine findings and allow for trend tracking. RFSAN undertook this assessment at the re- quest of the Whole of Syria (WoS) Food Security Sector (FSS) to develop a detailed understanding of the wheat-to-bread market, how this market is manifested through infrastructure, and ascertain the greatest barriers to meeting bread needs in southern Syria. RFSAN enumerators, as well as enumerators from Syrian NGO Afak assessed 63 bakeries, 10 mills and two silos across 94 villag- es in Dar’a, Quneitra, and As-Sweida governo- rates, through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and consultations with local councils. The assessment found gaps in every step of the wheat-to-bread supply line. The south of Syria does not grow enough wheat to be self-suffi- cient, producing an estimated 80% of its own need in 2016. This gap increases significantly when looking at flour. The assessment sug- gested that local milling contributes only 15% of the flour needed to serve the population while humanitarian aid meets 30-40%. This suggests that as much as half of total flour need is left unmet. All 94 local councils identified the lack of flour as the biggest challenge to meeting bread need. Infrastructure mapping illustrated that bakery systems in the south have proven relatively re- sistant to conflict. Distinct regions of intercon- nected infrastructure centered around private and public bakeries have developed in eastern Dar’a and western Dar’a/Quneitra. As local production remains lacking, large amounts of flour distributed as aid has kept bread prices constant and affordable. However, there are signs that it is distorting the market for flour. While economies of scale were found to exist for all other key inputs, it was not observed in bulk flour purchasing. The lower cost of, and preference for, imported white flour could be hampering local production. 4 Background Prior to the conflict, the wheat-to-bread chain in Maintaining a functional wheat-to-bread supply Syria was largely controlled by the government line is essential in mitigating need gaps for bread due to the centrality of wheat production in na- and flour; fundamental staples of the Syrian diet. tional policy. Government influence over wheat production and marketing continued beyond the liberalization of other agriculture products in Objectives 20071. Not only was wheat classified as one of seven national strategic crops, it was also iden- Upon a request from the WoS FSS coordination tified as the country’s most key food commod- from the Jordan hub, the RFSAN agreed to un- ity for national food security. The government dertake a detailed survey and analysis for the aimed to always maintain wheat stores equiva- bread infrastructure in south Syria. The follow- lent to a years’ worth of national consumption. ing survey set out with the goal of mapping the To achieve this goal, the government encouraged existing wheat-to-bread infrastructure in south- wheat production by giving relatively high prof- ern Syria. The intention of the mapping exercise it margins to wheat farmers and setting wheat was to provide an understanding of where the prices significantly above global averages. On current gaps, bottlenecks, and barriers to suffi- average, farmers would sell approximately two- cient production exist, including a rapid damage thirds of their crops to the government, while the assessment of the infrastructure. In addition to remainder would be kept for consumption, seed laying this contextual foundation, the assess- stores, and be sold to private mills and traders. ment also intends to update previous work on Generally, however, pre-conflict the government market flows. controlled the pricing of wheat, flour, and bread throughout the public and private market chains, In future assessments, the survey methodology subsidizing bread prices at an average of 20% used to provide these broad baselines outlined below production cost across the country when below should be further refined and repeated to conflict arose in 20112. track and analyze trends over time. This founda- tional understanding of existing systems, infra- In the south before the conflict, the govern- structure damage, combined with multiple iter- ment organized the majority of flour production ations of data collection (and subsequent trend and distribution via a large (now inactive) mill in analysis) aims to aid the humanitarian commu- Dar’a al Balad. The flour was then distributed nity in structuring its existing interventions and to village bakeries to be baked and sold at sub- inform future planning. sidized prices. Other small-scale private mills existed across the south but operated with tradi- tional stone-milling technology and served local farmers and families. The wheat-to-flour system across the south was critically disrupted when the government cut off these services to oppo- sition areas and the Dar’a al Balad mill was ren- dered non-operational due to conflict. Since the government severed services to op- position controlled areas, local councils and hu- manitarian actors have worked to fill the gaps created by the breakdown of the previous sys- tem, while also combating additional stresses of conflict, access challenges, choked supply lines, and infrastructure damage and deterioration. 1 Agricultural Damages and Losses Needs Assessment (DLNA), the Syrian Arab Republic. March 2017. Consultation Draft. 2 SYRIA: 2012 Wheat Production Report. June 2012. United Stated Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service 4 5 Objectives: Research Questions Methodology The survey collected data via key informant inter- This survey endeavored to answer the following views covering 63 bakeries and 10 mills across 47 questions: villages in Dar’a, Quneitra, and As-Sweida gover- norates. Enumerators identified an additional 11 • Wheat-to-bread Market System nonfunctioning mills and 47 nonfunctioning bak- • How does the wheat-to-bread system eries existing in the target area but these were function in southern Syria, specifically not fully assessed due to elongated inactivity, as through the silo to mill to bakery infra- well as two functioning bakeries that elected not structure? to participate. Additionally, enumerators gath- • How does humanitarian aid fit into it and ered bread needs and gaps information from 94 what effect does it have on that system? local councils and conducted three focus group • Wheat-to-bread infrastructure discussions to verify findings. • How interconnected is the wheat-to- bread infrastructure in southern Syria? Completed Surveys • Are there certain key areas or points of infrastructure that can be targeted with Functioning Non-Functioning aid to boost bread supply in the entire region? Bakeries Mills Bakeries Mills • Conversely, are there certain places that are more vulnerable to supply shortag- es, high prices, and bread insecurity? • Barriers to meeting need • What are the major bottlenecks in meet- ing the bread need in southern Syria? 58 7 5 3 • What are the major factors contributing to these bottlenecks? Additional Facilities Identied Functioning Non-Functioning In response to these questions, this report will provide: Bakeries Mills Bakeries Mills 1. A market map showing the wheat-to-bread market environment, supply chain, and vital infrastructure including identifying humanitar- ian aid inputs into the system. 2. A wheat-to-bread infrastructure map of south- ern Syria with an outline of the scope of inter- 2 0 47 11 connectivity across
Recommended publications
  • SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
    SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018a; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 6187 930 2751 violence Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 2 Battles 2465 1111 4206 Strategic developments 1517 2 2 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 1389 760 997 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 449 2 4 Riots 55 4 15 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 12062 2809 7975 Disclaimer 9 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data.
    [Show full text]
  • POP 01 OJ Southern Syria Population and Idps October 2016 A3 161110
    Southern Syria: Resident Population & Internally Displaced Persons (As of 31 October 2016) - This map is created to facilitate Humanitarian Access and Preparedness only ! Adleiyeh ! ! Khan Elshih Harjal ! ! Arna Betima Qarmashiyeh T! al Maskan ! Deir Khabiyeh Kafr Ho! or Manshiyet Khan Elshih ! ! ! ! Marana Hayajneh K! isweh !Darbal ! ! Mqeilibeh Hina ! Rural ! Deir Elhajar Lebanon Bait ! !Matahriyeh DISPLACEMENT IN DAR’A AND QUNEITRA GOVERNORATES Zahyeh ! Tiba ! Khan Dandun Beit Saber Damascus Jan ! ! Khyara Dandun ! Ghizlaniyyeh Bitariyeh Bait Jan ! ! Mazraet Beit Jin Hosh Elnofur Ein Elsoda Maghar Elmir ! 5% 1% ! Kherbet Elsheyab ! ! ! 14,950 4,390 Abu Qawooq ! Kisweh IDPs due to October 2016 Nofur Resident population returned Sa'sa' ! Ein Elbeida additional displacement* 27% Maqrusa ! Qleiah during October 2016 Hadar ! Hadar ! Deir Ali of the total Majdal ! ! ! 302,510 815,220 287,560 population Jubbata !Shams Suhayta ! Total IDP Total Resident Mazra`at ! Shaqhab Herfa Kanaker ! are IDPs ! 810,830 !az Zayt !Jabal Siri Sa'sa' Current IDPs without population Population Current resident population !Suhayta !Durin ! additional October 2016 Halas ! Shaqraniyeh `Ayn ! 95% 99% without October 2016 ! Kammuneh Quniyah Jeb Elsafa Morjana displacement ! Shokteliyeh returnees Deir Maker ! Arkis ! ! T! arnaja ! ! ! Mas`adah ! ! Zreiqa ! `Ayn Fit !Jbata Elkhashab Manshiyet Elsabil Bali ! ! Zbeidiyeh ! Khan Alqin Masaada Um E!lawamid Sweinmreh* The accumulated figures represent only population centers where IDP statistics could be gathered with accuracy
    [Show full text]
  • Governance in Daraa, Southern Syria: the Roles of Military and Civilian Intermediaries
    Governance in Daraa, Southern Syria: The Roles of Military and Civilian Intermediaries Abdullah Al-Jabassini Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) Research Project Report 4 November 2019 2019/15 © European University Institute 2019 Content and individual chapters © Abdullah Al-Jabassini, 2019 This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to med@eui.eu. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Middle East Directions Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Project Report RSCAS/Middle East Directions 2019/15 4 November 2019 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu Governance in Daraa, Southern Syria: The Roles of Military and Civilian Intermediaries Abdullah Al-Jabassini* * Abdullah Al-Jabassini is a PhD candidate in International Relations at the University of Kent. His doctoral research investigates the relationship between tribalism, rebel governance and civil resistance to rebel organisations with a focus on Daraa governorate, southern Syria. He is also a researcher for the Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria project at the Middle East Directions Programme of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Allocation Strategy Syria Humanitarian Fund 2019 1St Standard Allocation
    Allocation Strategy Syria Humanitarian Fund 2019 1st Standard Allocation I. Allocation Overview Project Proposal Deadline: 15 September 2019 23:59, Damascus Time A) Introduction / Humanitarian situation 1. The Syria Humanitarian Fund (SHF) is a Country-Based Pooled Fund (CBPF) managed by the Humanitarian Financing Unit (HFU) of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) based in Damascus. Established in 2014, under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator a.i. for Syria, its role is to support life-saving, protection, and life-sustaining activities by filling critical funding gaps; promote the needs-based delivery of assistance in accordance with humanitarian principles; improve the relevance and coherence of humanitarian response by strategically funding priorities as identified in the HRP; and expand the rapid delivery of assistance to underserved, high severity and hard-to-reach areas by partnering with the best placed actors.1 2. On 20 June, the SHF Advisory Board agreed to allocate US $25 million under the First Standard Allocation to support life-saving activities and service delivery in underserved areas of southern Syria – specifically, Dar’a, Quneitra and Rural Damascus (with a focus on eastern Ghouta) – where severe humanitarian needs persist. The decision came following a detailed prioritization exercise undertaken by the Inter Sector Coordination (ISC) group in Syria which involved a multi-factor analysis of levels of need (with an emphasis on highest severity need areas); accessibility (both in terms of newly-accessible and access-restricted locations); population movement (focusing on those locations where there is a high concentration of both IDPs and returnees); presence and functionality of basic services (including health and education facilities), and coverage (in terms of people reached).
    [Show full text]
  • Majority Influence and Conflict (28 September 2015) Dar'a
    Southern Syria: Majority Influence and Conflict (28 September 2015) This map is created to facilitate humanitarian access and preparedness only Obada HarastaMarj Elsultan BalaliyehZamaiyeh Jaramana Elqantara Otayba JaramanaMaliha Zabadin Bzeineh Qisa Kafrquq Beit Deir Salman Legend Markaz Yarmuk Deir Nashabiyeh Madamiyet Hajar BabSeallhaAmqraba KamissAihymehadia Darayya Elasafir Nula Al Quosoor Elsham Darayya Aswad Yalda Hajar Mansura Haran Sayyeda Shabaa Amiba Jdidet Maliha Al'awameed Crossing points Aswad Zeinab Hteitet Artuz Ashrafiet Sbeineh Hjeireh Delbeh BahdaliyaAhdaf Elturkman Saka Kafrein Widyan LEBANON Qatana Sahnaya Hosh As Sabil Border Crossing Closed Jandal Buwayda Elrabee Al Kashef ] Castle Qatana Artuz Sahnaya Sahya Ghassuleh Haran Dara Municipal Stadium Babella Hosh Sahnaya Elsultan QarhataBayad Al'awameed Al Matar / Maysaloun ] Border Crossing Open Bqaasam Kawkab Kherbet Mbarka Darwasheh Kherbet Elward Ghizlaniyyeh Jdidet Rimah Elsawda Najha Elkhas Chamal Al Khat / Al Mahatta ] Border Crossing Sporadically Open Khan Ein Elshaara Elshih Deir Harjal Adleiyeh Tal Al Sahari CampHal Market / Al Mahatta Arna Betima Maskan Al Mahatta Al Sinaaia Kafr Hoor Manshiyet Khan Khabiyeh Qarmashiyeh Al Sahari / Hiteen Marana Deir Hayajneh Darbal Elshih Kisweh Ash Shuhada / Al Mahatta Hina Mqeilibeh Rural Elhajar Area of Influence UnknownQuneitra/Palesinian Camp / Al Mahatta Bait Khan Government Influence Beit Zahyeh Tiba Dandun Matahriyeh Dar'a Bait Jan Saber Khyara Dandun Damascus Ghizlaniyyeh Mazraet Maghar Ein Dar'a Opposition Influence
    [Show full text]
  • SYRIA, THIRD QUARTER 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
    SYRIA, THIRD QUARTER 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018a; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, THIRD QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 1439 241 633 violence Development of conflict incidents from September 2018 to September Battles 543 232 747 2020 2 Violence against civilians 400 209 262 Strategic developments 394 0 0 Methodology 3 Protests 107 0 0 Conflict incidents per province 4 Riots 12 1 2 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 2895 683 1644 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Disclaimer 7 Development of conflict incidents from September 2018 to September 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 SYRIA, THIRD QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data.
    [Show full text]
  • South Syria Torn Between a Grim Fate of Forced Displacement and Starvation Or an Almost Certain Death by Falling Back Into Syrian Regime’S Control
    South Syria Torn between a Grim Fate of Forced Displacement and Starvation or an Almost Certain Death by Falling Back into Syrian Regime’s Control The US Abandons its Commitments in South Syria Agreement Tuesday, July 31, 2018 1 snhr info@sn4hr.org www.sn4hr.org The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. Contents I. Introduction and Methodology II. The US Administration is Directly Responsible for the South Syria Travesty III. Toll of Most Notable Violations in the aftermath of the Syrian-Russian Offensive on South Syria IV. South Syria is another Eastern Ghouta Scenario V. The Syrian Regime Violates Russia-Sponsored Agreements VI. Forced Displacement Enforced by the Barbarian Offensive, Followed by Coerced Evacuation Agreements VII. Civilians in Hawd al Yarmouk Area, Trapped between the Syrian Regime’s Terrorism and ISIS’s VIII. Most Notable Violations by Russian-Syrian Alliance Forces in the South Region IX. Legal Description and Recommendations I. Introduction and Methodology The region of south Syria has sealed the complete collapse of the so-called “the de-es- calation zone agreements”, yet another item in a long list of Security Council’s failures as the Security Council didn’t maintain any form of security or peace in Syria or prevent the displacement of hundreds of thousands in south Syria. This crippling powerlessness was deliberately staged and repeated over the course
    [Show full text]
  • Syria, Second Quarter 2018: Update on Incidents According to the Armed
    SYRIA, SECOND QUARTER 2018: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) - Updated 2nd edition compiled by ACCORD, 20 December 2018 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 15 December 2018; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, SECOND QUARTER 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - UPDATED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 20 DECEMBER 2018 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Remote violence 2855 492 1957 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 894 506 3661 Development of conflict incidents from January 2017 to June 2018 2 Strategic developments 333 3 13 Violence against civilians 203 124 267 Methodology 3 Riots/protests 47 0 0 Conflict incidents per province 4 Non-violent activities 26 0 0 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Headquarters established 12 0 0 Total 4370 1125 5898 Disclaimer 7 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 15 December 2018). Development of conflict incidents from January 2017 to June 2018 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 15 December 2018). 2 SYRIA, SECOND QUARTER 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - UPDATED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 20 DECEMBER 2018 Methodology Geographic map data is primarily based on GADM, complemented with other sources if necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baath Party, Local Notables and Coronavirus Community Response Initiatives in Southern Syria
    The Baath Party, Local Notables and Coronavirus Community Response Initiatives in Southern Syria Abdullah Al-Jabassini Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) Research Project Report 04 May 2020 2020/08 © European University Institute 2020 Content and individual chapters © Abdullah Al-Jabassini 2020 This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to med@eui.eu. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Middle East Directions Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Project Report RSCAS/Middle East Directions 2020/08 04 May 2020 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu The Baath Party, Local Notables and Coronavirus Community Response Initiatives in Southern Syria Abdullah Al-Jabassini* * Abdullah Al-Jabassini is a PhD candidate in International Relations at the University of Kent. His doctoral research investigates the relationship between tribalism, rebel governance and civil resistance to rebel organisations with a focus on Daraa governorate, southern Syria. He is also a researcher for the Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria project at the Middle East Directions Programme of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Lebanon Southern Syria: Population
    Southern Syria: Population & Internally Displaced Persons - July 2015 (5 August 2015) This map is created to facilitate Humanitarian Access and Preparedness only Haran Babella Sahnaya Hosh Elsultan! Qarhata ! Al'awameed Bqaasam !Bayad ! !Kawkab !Jdidet Elkhas !Mbarka Darwasheh Kherbet Elward ! ! Ghizlaniyyeh Lebanon ! Legend !Kherbet Elsawda !Rimah !Najha !Ein Elshaara Adleiyeh Residents vs IDP - June & July 2015 ! Khan Elshih! Harjal Betima ! Arna ! Qarmashiyeh !Tal Maskan ! Deir Khabiyeh ! !Kafr Hoor Manshiyet Khan! Elshih ! !Marana !Hayajneh Darbal !Kisweh ! Mqeilibeh Hina ! Deir Elhajar ! Rural ! 31,000 Bait !Matahriyeh !Zahyeh Khan Dandun !Tiba ! !Beit Saber Jan !Khyara DandunDamascus Ghizlaniyyeh Bitariyeh Bait Jan ! ! Hosh Elnofur ! Ein Elsoda !Mazraet Beit Jin Maghar Elmir ! Kherbet Elsheyab ! Abu Qawooq ! Additional Resident Population ! Kisweh Displacement in Dar’a and Qunaitra Governorates Nofur Resident Population - June 2015 ! Ein Elbeida Sa'sa' ! Maqrusa ! ! !Qleiah Hadar !Hadar Additional IDPs due to July displacement !Deir Ali Majdal Total Population (July 2015 ): 746,095 Shams Suhayta IDPs present since June 2015 Herfa Kanaker !Shaqhab ! Sa'sa' ! IDP Population (static since June): 275,680 Suhayta !Durin Halas Additional July IDPs: 72,900* ! !Shaqraniyeh Jbata Kammuneh Crossing points ! Jeb Elsafa ! !Morjana Elkhashab !Shokteliyeh Tarnaja !Deir Maker !Arkis ! Zreiqa 300 ! Bali 4000 Manshiyet Elsabil 1800 ] Border Crossing Closed ! ! Zbeidiyeh ! Total current IDP population in July: 348,580 1500 ! Khan !Alqin Um Elawamid
    [Show full text]
  • SYRIEN, JAHR 2020: Kurzübersicht Über Vorfälle Aus Dem Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Zusammengestellt Von ACCORD, 25
    SYRIEN, JAHR 2020: Kurzübersicht über Vorfälle aus dem Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) zusammengestellt von ACCORD, 25. März 2021 Anzahl der berichteten Vorfälle mit mindestens einem Anzahl der berichteten Todesopfer Todesopfer Staatsgrenzen: GADM, 6. Mai 2018a; Verwaltungsgliederung: GADM, 6. Mai 2018b; Vorfallsda- ten: ACLED, 12. März 2021; Küstenlinien und Binnengewässer: Smith und Wessel, 1. Mai 2015 SYRIEN, JAHR 2020: KURZÜBERSICHT ÜBER VORFÄLLE AUS DEM ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) ZUSAMMENGESTELLT VON ACCORD, 25. MÄRZ 2021 Inhaltsverzeichnis Konfliktvorfälle nach Kategorie Anzahl der berichteten Todesopfer 1 Anzahl der Vorfälle mit Anzahl der Anzahl der Anzahl der berichteten Vorfälle mit mindestens einem Todesopfer 1 Kategorie mindestens Vorfälle Todesopfer einem Konfliktvorfälle nach Kategorie 2 Todesopfer Entwicklung von Konfliktvorfällen von 2017 bis 2020 2 Explosionen / Fernangriffe 6187 930 2751 Kämpfe 2465 1111 4206 Methodologie 3 strategische Entwicklungen 1517 2 2 Berichtete Konfliktvorfälle nach Provinz 4 Gewalt gegen Zivilpersonen 1389 760 997 Proteste 449 2 4 Lokalisierung der Konfliktvorfälle 4 Ausschreitungen 55 4 15 Hinweis 9 Gesamt 12062 2809 7975 Die Tabelle basiert auf Daten von ACLED (verwendete Datensätze: ACLED, 12. März 2021). Entwicklung von Konfliktvorfällen von 2017 bis 2020 Das Diagramm basiert auf Daten von ACLED (verwendete Datensätze: ACLED, 12. März 2021). 2 SYRIEN, JAHR 2020: KURZÜBERSICHT ÜBER VORFÄLLE AUS DEM ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) ZUSAMMENGESTELLT VON ACCORD, 25. MÄRZ 2021 Methodologie Die beiden oben dargestellten Karten dienen dazu, dieAnzahl berichteterTodesop- fer (die Schätzungen beinhalten kann) mit der Anzahl an Vorfällen mit mindestens Die Daten, die in diesem Bericht verwendet werden, stammen vom Armed Conflict einem berichteten Todesopfer zu vergleichen.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanctions Program: Syrien: Verordnung Vom 8. Juni 2012 Über Massnahmen Gegenüber Syrien (SR 946.231.172.7), Anhang 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art
    Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Bilateral Economic Relations Sanctions Version of 03.02.2021 Sanctions program: Syrien: Verordnung vom 8. Juni 2012 über Massnahmen gegenüber Syrien (SR 946.231.172.7), Anhang 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art. 10 Abs. 1 (Finanzsanktionen) und Art. 17 Abs. 1 (Ein- und Durchreiseverbot) Sanctions program: Syrie: Ordonnance du 8 juin 2012 instituant des mesures à l’encontre de la Syrie (RS 946.231.172.7), annexe 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: art. 10, al. 1 (Sanctions financières) et art. 17, al. 1 (Interdiction de séjour et de transit) Sanctions program: Siria: Ordinanza dell'8 giugno 2012 che istituisce provvedimenti nei confronti della Siria (RS 946.231.172.7), allegato 7 Origin: EU Sanctions: art. 10 cpv. 1 (Sanzioni finanziarie) e art. 17 cpv. 1 (Divieto di entrata e di transito) Individuals SSID: 200-44361 Name: Faisal Mekdad Sex: M DOB: 1954 POB: Ghasm, Daraa Governorate, Syrian Arab Republic Good quality a.k.a.: a) Fayçal b) al-Mekdad (Meqdad, al-Meqdad) Justification: Minister of Foreign Affairs. Appointed in Nov 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population. Modifications: Listed on 3 Feb 2021 SSID: 200-11614 Name: Bashar Al-Assad Sex: M DOB: 11 Sep 1965 POB: Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Identification document: Diplomatic passport No. D1903, Syrian Arab Republic Justification: President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators. Modifications: Amended on 6 Nov 2013, 19 Jan 2016, 26 Jun 2020 SSID: 200-11625 Name: Maher Al-Assad Sex: M DOB: 8 Dec 1967 POB: Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Good quality a.k.a.: Mahir Identification document: Diplomatic passport No.
    [Show full text]