SYRIA, YEAR 2018: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 26 February 2020

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SYRIA, YEAR 2018: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 26 February 2020

Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities

National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; incident data: ACLED, 22 February 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Contents Conflict incidents by category

Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 12984 2941 11802 violence Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2018 2 Battles 4274 2143 16001 Strategic developments 1847 9 16 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 1188 892 2264 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 536 2 2 Riots 15 0 0 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 20844 5987 30085 Disclaimer 10 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 22 February 2020).

Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2018

This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 22 February 2020).

2 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore diﬀer from the original ACLED data. ACLED uses The data used in this report was collected by the Armed Conflict Location & Event varying degrees of geographic precision for the individual incidents, depending Data Project (ACLED). ACLED collects data on reported conflict events in selected on what level of detail is reported. Thus, towns may represent the wider region in African and Asian countries, Syria being among them. ACLED researchers collect which an incident occured, or the provincial capital may be used if only the province event data from a variety of sources and code them by date, location, agent, and is known. Erroneous location data, especially due to identical place names, cannot event type. be fully excluded.

Most of the data collected by ACLED is gathered based on publicly available, Incidents comprise the following categories: battles, headquarters or bases es- secondary reports. It may therefore underestimate the volume of events. Fatality tablished, non-violent strategic activities, riots/protests, violence against civilians, data particularly is vulnerable to bias and inaccurate reporting, and ACLED states non-violent transfer of territory, remote violence. For details on these categories, to use the most conservative estimate available. ACLED uses the reports’ context please see to estimate fatalities for events with reported fatalities for which the exact number is unknown (“10” for plural fatalities, “100” if “hundreds” are mentioned, etc.). • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: Armed Conflict For further details on ACLED and for the full data, see www.acleddata.com and Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Codebook (2019), 10 April 2019a Raleigh; Linke; Hegre, and Karlsen, 2010. https://www.acleddata.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2017/10/ ACLED_Codebook_2019FINAL_pbl.pdf Based on this data, the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD) compiles updates on conflict incidents and pub- • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: Armed Conflict lishes them on ecoi.net to oﬀer another access point to the ACLED datasets. Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) User Quick Guide, April 2019b https://www.acleddata.com/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2019/04/ It is advised to employ extreme caution when using fatality numbers. General-User-Guide_FINAL.pdf

Assessments of the security situation should not be based solely on quantitative • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: FAQs: ACLED Fatality analysis of event data. Methodology, 27 January 2020 https://www.acleddata.com/download/17979/ Please see ACLED’s additional methodological paper for Syria: ACLED, 16 April 2019

Geographic map data is primarily based on GADM, complemented with other sources if necessary. Incidents are mapped to GADM provinces using the provinces in ACLED data. Province names and borders may diﬀer between ACLED and

3 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Conflict incidents per province are taken from GADM data which serves as the basis for the maps above.

Number of In Al Hasakah, 591 incidents killing 935 people were reported. The following Number of Number of Province incidents with locations were among the affected: A’frah, Abdan, Abu Hamdah, Abu incidents fatalities fatalities Khashab, Ain Diwar, Al Awadat, Al Duwaym, Al Fakka, Al Hajalah, Al Hulw, Al Hasakah 591 218 935 Al Khabrah, Al Maylibiyah, Al Shayb, Al-Atshanah, Al-Fej, Al-Hamra, Aleppo 3606 955 3656 Al-Hasakeh, Al-Hasakeh - Al Mufti, Al-Hasakeh - Al Rusafa, Al-Hasakeh - Ghoweran, Al-Hasakeh - Msheirfeh, Al-Hassu, Al-Malikeyyeh, Al-Sa’da, Ar Raqqah 305 176 312 Al-Shamsani, Al-Suwaydiyah Sharqi, Al-Tibn, Al-Yarubiyah, Al-Zehiriyeh, As Suwayda’ 172 67 575 Alia, Amuda, Aradah, Areesheh, Arisha Camp, Arshet Ras El Ein, Aziziyeh, Damascus 523 240 1313 Azzawi, Bab al Kheir, Ballujah, Daoudiyeh, Darbasiyah, Dashishah, Eastern Dar‘a 1790 453 2105 Hanna, Fadghami, Hadaj, Hajiyah Kabirah, Hilaliyeh, Hole, Humaydah, Dayr Az Zawr 2140 998 7368 Humaydiah, Hussein al Hajalah, Huwayziyah, Jabal Abdulaziz, Jatal, Jazaa, Kawkab, Khatuniya Bahra, Khirab Rashik, Khirbet Mousa, Khrbit Al-Banat, Hamah 3530 345 1658 Khuwaybirah, Mabrouka Camp, Madinah, Maghloje, Makhroum, Malabas, Hims 817 214 771 Manajir, Mansura, Markada, Middle Janabeh, Nammura, Qarrah Chouk Idlib 4531 1148 3733 mountains, Quamishli, Quamishli Airbase, Ras Al Ain, Ras al Ain, Rawya, Lattakia 426 63 367 Rijlat al Hamzah, Safyan, Salhiyeh, Sarajiya, Sayibah, Semalka Border Quneitra 282 32 122 Crossing, Shadadah, Tabaqa, Tal Hmis, Tal Khanzir, Tal Sfuk Border Crossing, Tal Shayr, Tal Tamer, Tall Kubaybah, Tall Sakrah, Tall al-Jayir, Tell Halaf, Rif Dimashq 2122 1073 7146 Turumbah, Zorfafa. Tartus 9 5 24 In Aleppo, 3606 incidents killing 3656 people were reported. The following locations were among the affected: 135th Brigade Army Base, A’rima, A’wejel, Localization of conflict incidents Abad, Abisah, Abla, Abu ’Isa, Abu Darikhah, Abu Hamad, Abu Ka’ab, Abu Rweil, Abu Zandin, Abudan - Marsawa, Abyan Saman, Abzemo, Adamanly, Note: The following list is an overview of the incident data included in the ACLED Afrin, Aghjah Li, Aghtrin, Ahras, Ain Al Arab, Ain Dara, Ain al Arab, Ain al dataset. More details are available in the actual dataset (date, location data, event Arab - Kaniya Kurdan, Ain al Arab Air Base, Ajil, Al Bab, Al Dasimah, Al type, involved actors, information sources, etc.). The data’s precision varies among Fushah, Al Hajaliyeh, Al Khalidiyah, Al Qantara, Al Qarah, Al Safira Military the incidents: a town may represent a region, or the provincial capital may be Base and Defence Factories, Al Salameh, Al Shuqayyif Industrial District, used if the precise location of an incident is unkown. In the following list, the names Al-Bayadah Military Camp, Al-Bohouth al-Elmia, Al-Daq, Al-Eis, Al-Harsh, of event locations are taken from ACLED, while the administrative region names Al-Hoss Plateau, Al-Maizliya, Al-Malikeyyeh, Al-Mallah, Al-Meflseh,

4 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Al-Mokambo, Al-Qasmiyeh, Al-Rashadiyah, Al-Rashdeen, Al-Taflah, Hamran, Handarat, Harbal, Haritan, Harjalah, Hassan Kalkawi, Hawa, Al-Wasita, Al-Yalni, Alamdar, Aleppo, Aleppo - Al-Ashrafiyya, Aleppo - Hawzan, Hayamli, Haydar Ubasi, Haykajah, Hayyan, Helubiye, Hesen Dera, Al-Aziziyah, Aleppo - Al-Farafra, Aleppo - Al-Furqan, Aleppo - Al-Ghazali, Hmeira, Hmlak-Hmelek, Hober, Holilo, Hoteh, Hulilu, Hur, Huwair al-Eis, Aleppo - Al-Khaldiya, Aleppo - Al-Layramoun, Aleppo - Al-Mohafaza, Huyulah Qanli, ICARDA Research Facility, Ibbin, Ihtaymilat, Ikidam, Iskan, Aleppo - Al-Nile, Aleppo - Al-Sabeel, Aleppo - Al-Shuhada, Aleppo - Jabal Azzan, Jabal Barsaya, Jabal Kashkadar, Jalamah, Jalbul, Jalma, Al-Zahraa, Aleppo - Andalus, Aleppo - Ba’aiedin, Aleppo - Bustan Al-Basha, Jamilah, Jandairis, Janjeylan, Jaqalli Jum, Jaqmaq Kabir, Jaqmaq Saghira, Aleppo - Bustan Al-Qasr, Aleppo - Central Prison, Aleppo - Fardos, Aleppo - Jarablus, Jarez, Jazraya, Jdideh, Jeb Abyad, Jeb Sultan, Jeineh, Jirah Halab Al-Jadida, Aleppo - Hamadaniyeh, Aleppo - Hameidiyyeh, Aleppo - Airbase, Jubbali, Judaydah, Julqan, Juqali, Juqali Al-Tahtaniyah, Juwaiq, Haydariyeh, Aleppo - International Airport, Aleppo - Jamiliyeh, Aleppo - Kaan Kurk, Kabashin, Kafr Aleppo, Kafr Amma, Kafr Batrah, Kafr Dael, Kafr Jibreen, Aleppo - Kallaseh, Aleppo - Karm al-Jabal, Aleppo - Old Aleppo, Eibesh, Kafr Ghan, Kafr Hamra, Kafr Janna, Kafr Kalbein, Kafr Karmin, Kafr Aleppo - Ramousa, Aleppo - Rasafeh, Aleppo - Saif al-Dawla, Aleppo - Khasher, Kafr Miz, Kafr Nabu, Kafr Naha, Kafr Naseh Elatareb, Kafr Naseh Sakhour, Aleppo - Sha’ar, Aleppo - Shahabaa, Aleppo - Sheikh Maqsoud, Tal Refaat, Kafr Naya, Kafr Noran, Kafr Rum, Kafr Safra, Kafr Shil, Kafr Zayt, Aleppo - Suleimaniyeh, Aleppo - Tishreen, Aleppo - Trab al-Hellok, Aleppo - Kafroum, Kalanli, Kaljibrin, Kardoh, Karri, Kashtaar, Kassibeh, Kawkabah, University of Aleppo, Aleppo - Youth Housing, Ali Bak, Ali Baski, Ali Jaro, Ali Kela, Khaderiyah Tahtaniah, Khadir Tahtani, Khalil, Khalil Kulku, Khalsa, Kar, Andan, Andarin, Anjara, Anqalah, Aqibah, Ar-Ra’ee, Arab Hassan Khaltan Gharbi, Khan Al-Asal, Khan Tuman, Khanaser, Kharab Hisaq, Kabeer, Arab Wayran, Arab Wiran, Aranda, Arhab, Arnaz, Arran, As-Safira, Kharab Suluq, Kharfan, Khirabe Elus, Khujamanli, Kimar, Kirzele, Kobla, Kor Ashmah, Aster, Atareb, Atman, Atshanah, Azaz, Aziziyeh, Ba’ay, Baadinli, Ali, Koran Afrin, Koran Jandris, Kotanli Sharqi, Kreidiyeh, Kulyan, Kum Rese, Bab Al Salameh, Bab Laymun, Babis, Babka, Bafelyun, Bafillur, Bak Ubasi, Kumush Burj, Kurke Al-Fawkaniyah, Kurke Al-Tahtaniyah, Kusniya, Kwaires Ballursanak, Banan, Banes, Barad, Barband, Barjaka, Barna, Barqum, Military Airport, Little Bweideh, Little Oweinat, Lower Kafardali, Lower Bashkwi, Bashmra, Bassilhaya, Bastron, Basufan, Basuta, Batabu, Batha, Shyookh, Ma’btali, Maamal Ushagi, Maaret Elartiq, Maarrata, Maghar Jeq, Batranah, Baya’iyah Kabirah, Baya’iyah Saghira, Bayaa, Baza’a, Bgheidine, Mahmoudiyah, Mahsana, Makbas, Makhala, Maktaba, Malihah Kabirah, Bibek Ushaghi, Big Bweideh, Big Orm, Big Othmaniya, Big Oweinat, Big Mamali, Mansoura, Mansura, Manyan, Maraanaz, Marata, Maratet Um Sandaliyeh, Bilan Koy, Bir Tafreeah, Bishqatine, Biyanoun, Blaliko, Bleikha, Hosh, Mare’, Marhamiya, Marsawa, Marwiya, Maryuda, Mashaala, Blinta, Breij, Bshantra, Bulbul, Burda, Burj Haydar, Butushiat, Buwaybiyah, Mashrafa al Buwaydatayn, Masih, Masikah, Masikan, Maslaha, Maydankay Byanun, Dabiq, Dadat, Dahrat Abd Rabou, Dakhm, Dandaniya, Daret Azza, Dam, Mayer, Mazina- Aranda, Medaya, Meidan Ekbis, Menagh, Menagh - Darmashkanli, Darwish Ubasi, Dayk Madash, Dayr Hafir, Deir Ballut, Deir Military Airport, Menbij, Meydanki, Mintar, Mirkan, Miznaz, Mostakan, Jamal, Deir Meshmesh, Deir Samaan, Deir Sawan, Deir Siwan, Dikmatash, Mreimin Afrin, Muhsinli, Nabul, Nayrab Air Base, Nisriyeh, Numaniyeh, Dikmdash, Diwan Tahtani, Dobira, Donbaly, Doudyan, Dukan, Durakli, Dweir Nuwara, Obudan, Olasha, Omar Ushaghi, Oqayba, Qabasin, Qal’at Elzaytun, Eastern Atshana, Ein Daqneh, Electricity Association Suburb, Enab, al-Sheikh, Qalaajiyah, Qalat al Nabi Hori, Qamari, Qanater, Qanatrat, Fafertin, Fafin, Ghandorah, Ghaytal, Ghazawiyah, Hadher, Haj Khalil, Hajeb, Qarah Baba, Qarah Basha, Qarah Tabah, Qarra, Qarrasi, Qastal, Qastal Haji Kanli, Haji Kusa, Hajikanli Fawqani, Hajikanli Tahtani, Hajilar, Hajj Bilal, Jandu, Qastal Khadiriyah, Qastal Kush, Qatireh, Qatma, Qaturah, Qebtan al Hajj Hasanli, Hajj Iskandar, Halawanji, Hamam - Qushla, Hamlurak, Jabal, Qemmet Daghelbash, Qibar, Qilah, Qirata, Qotan, Qude, Qurayriyah

5 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

- Freiriyeh, Quriba, Qurna, Qurt Qulaq al Kabirah, Qurt Qulaq al Saghirah, Andalus, Ar-Raqqa - Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, Ar-Raqqa - Hurriyeh, Qushla, Rabeeah Elhanuteh, Rael, Rahmaniyah, Raju, Ramadaniyah, Ramleh, Ar-Raqqa - Hutteen, Ar-Raqqa - Maamoun, Ar-Raqqa - Salhiyeah, Ras al Ahmar, Rasm Al-Mufakir, Rasm Eliss, Rasm Elsheikh, Rasm al-Jahsh, Ar-Raqqa - Sugar Factory, Ar-Raqqa - Tas-Heeh, Ar-Raqqa - Tishrine, Rasm al-Khala, Rasm al-Khushuf, Regiment 111 Army Base, Regiment 46 - Artawaziya, Aslim al Barashmeh, Ayed, Big Sweidiyeh, Bir Asheq, Division 17, Military Base, Retyan, Rif al-Mohandessin al-Awal, Rif al-Mohandessin Ein Issa, Ghanim al-Ali, Hammam al Turkman, Hazimeh, Hunaida, Jazrah, al-Thani, Rifiyah, Rubar Camp, Sad Al-Shahba, Sadiyah, Sahara, Sahuljuk, Jdaydet Khabur, Karama, Kasrat Faraj, Kasrat Muhammad Agha, Sajur, Salihiyah, Samouqa, Sandara, Sari Ushaghi, Sarijah, Sarin, Sarnjak, Khamisiyeh, Khneiz, Khunayz al-Salman, Mansura, Mashrafa, Matab Sarqanli, Sati Ushaghi, Satyan, Sayada, Selim, Shaalah, Shadir, Shadyanli, Elburashed, Mulayhan, Qahtaniyyeh, Qandariyah, Ratlah, Saida, Sawsak, Shaltah, Shamarin, Shankal, Sharan, Shdar, Sheikh Abdul Rahman, Sheikh Sukariyet Tal Elsamen, Suluk, Tal Fandar, Tall Uthman, Tell Abiad, Western Ali, Sheikh Aqeel, Sheikh Aqil, Sheikh Isa, Sheikh Khalil, Sheikh Khoraz, Sheikh Jaabar, Western Salhabiyeh, Yamama, Yarmuk, Zur Shummar. Najjar, Sheikh Reh, Sheikh al-Hadid, Sheran, Shewargha Guzan, Shimanli, Shuyukh, Shweihet Elbu Issa, Sihriyanli, Sijraz, Sinnara, Sirayan, Smeiriyeh, In As Suwayda’, 172 incidents killing 575 people were reported. The following Sorhane, Sosyan, Sukkariyah Saghira, Suran, Surka, Tadaf, Tadil, Tal Abu locations were among the affected: Al Ghaydah, Al Shomarah, Al Thaalah Rweil al-Sharqi, Tal Ahmar, Tal Allush, Tal Bajer, Tal Hamo, Tal Heddiyeh, Tal Military Air Base, Al-Thaala, Ar-Roum Dam, Ara, Ariqa, As-Sweida, Barad, Jbine, Tal Jijin, Tal Khawz, Tal Mamu, Tal Marsides, Tal Masih, Tal Msebin, Tal Barek, Dama, Deir al-Laban, Dor, Dweira, Harran, Jbib, Karaa, Kassib, Sabha, Tal Sakarkaya, Tal Salur, Tal Shahid, Tal Sheer Aazaz, Tal Syriatel, Tal Khalkhaleh, Khalkhla Airport, Kherba, Lubayn, Mashnaf, Mazra’a, Mjeimer, Tawil, Tal al-Shour, Tal al-Waz, Taladil, Talafeh, Tall Ed-Daman, Tall Gazi, Mtuna, Najran, Qarayya, Qarrasa, Raha, Rami, Rashideh, Rudaymat al Liwa, Tall Refaat, Tallaf, Tallaf Airbase, Tamura, Tanab, Taqad, Tarfawi, Thabiyeh, Samma al Hneidat, Shabki, Shahba, Shaqa, Shrehi, Sweimreh, Taara, Tal Tokhar, Treikhem, Turandah, Tuwama, Ukanli, Um Abh, Um Adae Ajami, Um Al-Dab’a, Tal Saad, Tall Qulayb, Tarba, Um Rawaq. Al-Hotah, Um Amud, Um Atba, Um Eij, Um Elamad Alsafira, Um Elkaramel, Um Ghabar, Um Gharaf, Um Jern Elsafira, Um Jlud, Um Jrein, Um Khan, Um In Damascus, 523 incidents killing 1313 people were reported. The following Qurun, Um Tamakh, Um Tinet Simaan, Upper Diwan, Upper Kafardali, Upper locations were among the affected: 4th Armored Division, Al-Midan, Damascus, Marwana, Upper Maskeh, Urum al-Kubra, Urum al-Sughra, Utmanli, Damascus - Al-Midan, Damascus - Al-Muhajirin, Damascus - Al-Qadam, Uwaynat Kabirah, Western Eshkab, Western Kafr Jum, Yabseh, Yalanquz, Damascus - Al-Salihiyah, Damascus - Al-Shaghour, Damascus - Barzeh, Yalishli, Yazi Bagh, Yiji, Za’ra, Zahraa, Zalaqah, Zarbah, Zarzita, Zaytuneh, Damascus - Dummar, Damascus - Jobar, Damascus - Kafr Sousah, Damascus Zeitan, Zindi Kiyan, Ziyadiyah, Ziyara, Ziyara Afrin, Zmar, Zur Maghar. - Mazzeh, Damascus - Old City, Damascus - Qaboun, Damascus - Qanawat, Damascus - Rukn El-Din, Damascus - Sarouja, Mazzeh Military Air Base, In Ar Raqqah, 305 incidents killing 312 people were reported. The following Patrol Palestine Branch, Republican Guard Barracks, Yarmouk Camp. locations were among the affected: 93rd Brigade Army Base, Abu Dallah, Akeirshi, Al Tabqa, Al-Asadiyah, Al-Tabqa Dam, Ar-Raqqa, Ar-Raqqa - In Dar‘a, 1790 incidents killing 2105 people were reported. The following Al-Batani, Ar-Raqqa - Al-Dar’eiyah, Ar-Raqqa - Al-Mansour, Ar-Raqqa - locations were among the affected: 112th Brigade, 52nd Armored Brigade, Al-Nahdah, Ar-Raqqa - Amin, Ar-Raqqa - Ammar Ibn Yaser, Ar-Raqqa - 82nd Brigade Radar Base, Abdin, Abtaa, Abu Kharaj, Adwan, Ajami, Al

6 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Awad, Al Dallafa, Al Kubra Air Defense Base, Al Kuwayah, Al Madura, Al Deir-ez-Zor, Deir-ez-Zor - Al-Joura-Al-Thawra, Deir-ez-Zor - Hatla, Tabriyat, Al-Asha’ary, Al-Harra, Al-Khawabi, Al-Na’ema, Al-Qusayr, Deir-ez-Zor - Military Airport, Dweir, Elhisan, Fajjarat al Shuwayl, Faydat Bin Al-Sheiliyeh, Al-Shyahaa, Al-Sourah, Alma, Alqin, Ankhel, Aqraba, Muwaynah, Ghabra, Gharanij, Gharibeh, Hajin, Hamdan Military Air Base, As-Sanamayn, Asem, Ash-Shajara, Atman, Barqa, Beit Arra, Bekar, Bisr Harijiyah, Hasrat, Hawamah, Hawayij Abu Arab, Hawayij Thiban, Hejneh, Elharir, Busra Esh-Sham, Bweir, Da’el, Dar’a, Dar’a - Air Defense Base, Dar’a - Hreiji, Hurriyah, Jabal al-Baghuz, Jadid Bakkara, Jalaa, Jasim, Jazaret Al-Mansheyyi, Dar’a - Al-Mantiqa al-Sina’iyeh, Dar’a - Al-Sad, Dar’a - Elbuhmeid, Jbeileh, Jdid Ekeidat, Jiah, Jneineh, Jurdi al-Sharqi, Kaba Jeb, Hettin, Dar’a - Maysalun, Dar’a - Oumawiyeen, Dar’a - Qadessiyeh, Dar’a - Kasra, Kassar, Kharita, Khasham, Kishkiyeh, Koniko Gas Field, Lower Baqras, Quneitra, Dar’a - Shuhada, Dar’a - Tishrine, Dar’a - Zahraa, Deir Eladas, Deir Mahkan, Marashdeh, Marrat, Mashekh, Mhemideh, Mrat, Muaayzilah, al-Adas, Eastern Bekar, Eastern Ghariyeh, Eastern Maliha, Eib, Ein Thakar, Muhasan, Muzan, Mweileh, Namliyah, Omar - Oil Fields, Qetet Elbuleil, Faqie, Ghabagheb, Gharz, Ghasm, Hamer, Hit, Hosh Hammad, Hrak, Izra’, Quriyeh, Rabida, Ramadi, Rawda, Ruwayshid, Saalu, Sabkha, Salhiyeh, Jabaliyeh, Jadal, Jamrin, Jasim, Jbab, Jisri, Jizeh, Jlein, Jomleh, Kafr Nassij, Sawa, Sbeikhan, Shafa, Shaqra, Shiheil, Siyal, Sosa, Sur, Sweidan Jazira, Kafr Shams, Kahil, Karak, Kharab Shahem, Kherbet Ghazala, Kom al-Roman, Sweiyeh, T2 Pumping Station, Ta’s al-Shayir, Tabiyet Jazira, Tabni, Takihi, Koya, Lajat, Maaraba, Maariya, Mahjeh, Mal, Masikeh, Masmiyyeh, Tayib Al-Fal, Tayyana, Thiban, Tiba, Tuwamiyeh, Upper Baguz, Zir, Mataeiyeh, Mjeidel, Mlihet Elatash, Mseifra, Musayritiyah, Mzeireb, Mzerea, al-Mojawdeh. Nafeaa, Nahta, Najih, Namar, Nasib, Nasib Border Crossing, Nawa, Northern Karim, Qirata, Rakhim, Sahm El Golan, Sahm El Golan Dam, Sahwa, Samlin, Sayda, Shaara, Shabraq, Sheikh Miskine, Sheikh Saed, In Hamah, 3530 incidents killing 1658 people were reported. The following Smad, Sukariyeh, Sur, Tafas, Tal Shihab, Tal al-Mal, Tall Ishtra, Tall Saada, locations were among the affected: 47th Brigade Army Base, Ablah, Abu Ajwa, Tall al Harra, Tall al Jabiyah, Tall al Jumou, Tassil, Tell Mutawwaq al-Kabeer, Abu Al-Qusur, Abu Dali, Abu Hilal, Abu Hurayj, Abu Kahef, Abu Khanadeq, Tiba, Tiha, Um Elmayathen, Um Walad, Western Ghariyeh, Western Maliha, Abu Khanadeq Janoubi, Abu Mahala, Abu Mro, Abu Raidi, Abu al-Khair, Yadudeh, Yarmouk Basin, Yarmouk University Base, Zamrin, Zayzun. Abul Fashafish, Abul Gor, Abyan, Afamea, Aidoun, Al Dab’ah, Al Ghab Plain, Al Humaydah, Al Jamali, Al Mishyah, Al Qarbateya, Al Satheyat, Al-Aliyah, Al-Aqlah, Al-Hamidiah, Al-Jakusiyah, Al-Janabrah, Al-Khalidiya, In Dayr Az Zawr, 2140 incidents killing 7368 people were reported. The Al-Latamna, Al-Mashiak, Al-Qahera, Al-Shari’ah, Al-Sirmaniyah, following locations were among the affected: Abbas, Abu Hamam, Abu Al-Zaghbah, Al-Zakah, Al-Zara Power Station, Alamiyeh, Amara, Amqiyah, Hardoub, Abu Hasan, Abu Khashab, Abu al Khatir, Abul Nitel, Al Jafra, Al Anbaz, Aniq Bajra, Ankawi, Aqareb al-Safi, Aqrab, Arbain, Arfa, Arzeh, Jafra - Oil field, Al Kashmeh, Al Mayadin, Al Sabkhah, Al Shanan, Al Sijri, As-Saan, As-Salamiyeh, As-Suqaylabiyah, Aslieh, Atshan, Ayn Sulaymu, Az Al-Bahra, Al-Bukamal, Al-Hawayij, Al-Hawi, Al-Heri, Al-Hessan, Zaytunah, Az-Zara, Aziziyeh, Baath Vanguards Camp, Bab Eltaqa, Bahsa, Al-Hussainiyah, Al-Junaynah, Al-Jurdi al-Gharbi, Al-Kashma, Al-Kubar, Barudiyah, Braideej, Burayghith, Buwayda, Bweida, Dalalah, Dallak, Damina, Al-Omar Oil Field, Al-Sayjan - Oil Field, Al-Sayyal, Al-Shahabat, Al-Tabiyah Doqmaq, Duma, Eib al-Qanah, Fawro, Ghor Elasi, Hajilah, Hakora, Gas Field, Al-Tank Field, Al-Teem - Oil Field, Albu Badran, As Safafinah, As Halabiyah, Halfaya, Hama, Hama - Airbase, Hama - Central Prison, Hama Sukkariyah, Ash Shajilah, Ash Shula, Ashara, Ashayer, Ayyash, Azraq oil field, Armored Vehicles School, Hamamiyat, Hamdaniyeh, Hamra, Harbanifse, Baghuz, Basira, Bogeleyyah, Breiha, Buq’an, Dahleh, Daman, Darnaj, Hardana, Hasraya, Hawash, Hawayes Un Jern, Hawayis Ibn Hadib,

7 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Haymaniyeh, Haymaniyeh - Heijaneh, Hiyalin, Hmeirat, Humah, Humaymat, Eldin, Farhaniyeh, Ghanto, Gharnata, Ghasbiyeh, Grandad, Halmuz, Hamrat, Huweiz, Hweijeh, Ithariyah, Jabal Abu Darda, Jabal Shashabo, Jabal Zein Hashemiye, Hmeimeh, Homs, Homs - Al-Sabeel, Homs - Al-Zahra, Homs - Al-Abedeen, Jabriyah, Jadrine, Jalma, Janat Elsawarneh, Jbine, Jdideh, Jeb Arman, Homs - Jeb al-Jandali, Homs - Karm al-Louz, Hosh Hajjo, Elsafa, Jeb Hanta, Jeb Ramleh, Jeb Zreiq, Jeb al-Sukkar, Jid, Jisr Beit Ras, Humaymeh, Humrat, Huriyah, Inata, Jabal Al-Dahek, Jabal Al-Ghorab, Jneineh, Jomaqliyeh, Jurin, Kafr Nabutha, Kafr Qadah, Kafr Zeita, Karim, Jaborine, Jawalek, Jeb Ej-Jarrah, Kafr Laha, Kafr Nan, Khunayfes, Kisein, Karnaz, Khafsine, Khanafis, Khattab, Kherbet Elhajama, Kherbet Elnaqus, Krad Dasniyeh, Makrumiyeh, Mashrafa, Masudiyeh, Mjeidel, Nejmeh, Khneifis, Kirkat, Lahaya, Latmin, Maan, Maar Dis, Maar Shohur, Maarkaba, Northern Ein Hssein, Qanniyeh, Qaryatein, Qneitrat, Rashwani, Saan Elosud, Maarzaf, Maasran, Mabuja, Madiq Castle, Maghir, Majdal, Mansura, Salim, Samalil, Sensil, Shayrat Air Base, Shomriyeh, Sokhneh, Tadmor, Tal Masaada, Masasneh, Masloukha, Masud, Masyaf, Matnin, Mlolah, Mreimin, Dahab, Talbiseh, Taldu, Talkalakh, Tesnine, Third Station, Tir Maallah, Tiyas - Msheirfeh, Muhradah, Murak, Muraywid, Musibteh, Mustariha, Mwayleh Airport, Tweinan, Um Sharshouh, Umm Sehrej, Upper Makhrim, Western al-Shamali, Mwayleh al-Suwarna, Nafahah, Najm Zuhur, Naqir, Nazarah, Damina, Western Farhaniyeh, Western Ghor, Western Tiba, Zmeimer. Oqeirbat, Qalet Hawayes, Qalidin, Qamhana, Qanater, Qantara, Qarmas, Qarqur, Qasr Bin Wardan, Qastun, Qbeibat, Qbeibat Elasi, Qubayhah, Qubbat al Kurdi, Qulaydin, Rabda, Rabiah, Raboua, Rahjan, Rasm Al Ahmar, In Idlib, 4531 incidents killing 3733 people were reported. The following Rasm Al Daheriyeh, Rasm Hamam, Rasm Skaf, Rasm Tineh, Rasm al-’Anz, locations were among the affected: Abarita, Abdin, Abu Dafn, Abu Dali, Abu Rasm al-Dabaa, Rasm al-Madahi, Rasm al-Tawil, Rasm al-Tawil al-Sharqiyah, Habbeh, Abu Makki, Abu Omar, Abu Thijeh, Abul Thohur, Abul Thohur - Sakhr, Samiriyeh, Sarmaniya, Sayad, Sehriyeh, Shahranaz, Sheikh Hadid, Military Airport, Afes, Ain al-Suda, Air Defence Base - Defunct, Ajaz, Al Alani, Sheikh Hilal, Shiha, Shihet Elhamra, Sifsafiyeh, Sruj, Suha, Sumaqiyah, Suran, Al Burnas, Al Hallubah, Al Hanboushiyeh, Al Sahn, Al Zawf, Al-Balaa, Tal Bzam, Tal Hawash, Tal Khazneh, Tal Mhser, Tal Milh, Tal Othman, Tal Al-Barsah, Al-Dana, Al-Dirriyah, Al-Fuhayl, Al-Ghazilah, Al-Hamidiyyi, Salhab, Tal Wassit, Talaf, Talhan, Tall Othman, Tall al-Dirrah, Tall al-Sakhr, Al-Haraki, Al-Harsh, Al-Heisah, Al-Hibet, Al-Huqiyah, Al-Jadu’iya, Taloul al-Humr, Tamanet Elghab, Tanjarah, Taqsis, Tauneh, Tayyibah, Tell Al-Khazanat Army Fueling Base, Al-Khuraybah, Al-Luwaybdah, al-Sakhr, Tiba Elemam, Tobeh, Totah, Tuba, Tufaha, Tuffaha, Twal Dabaghin, Al-Luwaybdah al-Sharqiyah, Al-Nasiriyah, Al-Salumiya, Al-Sawami, Tweini, Um Hartein, Um Khreizeh, Um Myal, Um Sahrij, Um Twaynah, Wadi Al-Shuha, Al-Tabayeq, Al-Thalijah, Al-Z’einiyeh, Alyeh - Kafr Witar, Amud, Ard Jaysiyah, Zakoom, Zalaqit, Zayzun, Zeineh, Zeyzoun Dam, Ziyara. Anqrati, Aqrabat, Ar-Rasm, Ariha, Armalah, Armanaz, Arnaba, Arshani, Arynba, Ash Sha’rah, Atma, Atmah, Atmah Camp, Aynata, Azmarin, Baarbu, Bab El Hawa, Babuline, Badama, Badriyeh, Baidar Shamso, Baksariya, In Hims, 817 incidents killing 771 people were reported. The following locations Ballisa, Balshun, Balyun, Banin, Bara, Baragethi, Baris, Barnan, Barsa, were among the affected: Al ’Amiriyah, Al Dahabiyah, Al Hamrat, Al Majdal, Bashiriyah, Bashkum, Bazabur, Bennsh, Big Khwein, Biret Armanaz, Biret Al Mukhtaria, Al Qusayr, Al Qusayr - Military Air Base, Al-Halbah, Al-Houla, Kaftin, Bishlamon, Breiseh, Bsames, Bsanqul, Bsaqla, Bsida, Bteibat, Bweiti, Al-Khalilia, Al-Mhassa, Al-Mukhtariyah, Al-Musherfeh, Al-Qantara, Al-Sa’an Bzeit, Dadikh, Dana, Darkosh, Debshieh, Deir Hassan, Deir Sharqi, Deir al-Aswad, Al-Tayibah, Alianiyeh, Alzaafaranah, Ameriyeh, Aqrabiya, Sunbul, Dhahabiyah, Dorriyeh, Dreibiyeh, Eastern Sarja, Eblin, Ehsem, Ein Ar-Rastan, Asilah, At-Taybah al-Gharbiyah, Ayon Hussein, Breij, Burj Qaei, El-Bayda, Ein Elsoda, Ein Laruz, Ein Shib, Ein al Hamra, Eshtabraq, Falyun, Dar Kabira, Deir Fool, Eastern Farhaniyeh, Ein Elbardeh, Ein Eldananir, Ez Faqie, Farja, Ferwan, Foah, Frikeh, Ftireh, Ghadqa, Ghafar, Ghaniyah,

8 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020

Ghassaniyeh, Hafasraja, Halban, Halbeh, Halluz, Hamadaniyeh, Hamdieh, Sheikh Barakeh, Sheikh Dames, Sheikh Idris, Sheikh Issa Elashury, Sheikh Hantutin, Haranbush, Harim, Harmala, Harran, Harsh Basanqul, Has, Hatya, Mustafa, Shinan, Shughur, Sihal, Skik, Sokkariyeh, Southern Um Mweilat, Hawa, Hazano, Hazarin, Hbit, Heish, Hezreh, Hseiniyeh, Idleb, Idleb - Al Sukayk, Suqayah, Suray’a, Suruj, Tabish, Tah, Tahtaya, Tal ’Adah, Tal Aas, Tal Janoubi, Ineb, Isqat, Istablat, Jabal Arba’in, Jabal al-Zawiya, Jaberiyeh, Dibis, Tal Elkaramej, Tal Fukhar, Tal Halawa, Tal Hamki, Tal Kersyan, Tal Jadaydah, Jadraya, Jafr, Jahman, Jallas, Janat al Qura, Janudiyeh, Jarada, Maraq, Tal Sandal, Tal Silmo, Tal Sultan, Tal Tuqan, Tal al-Khaznah, Tal Jarjnaz, Jayb, Jbala, Jdideh, Jeb Elqasab, Jiftlik Shughur, Jisr-Ash-Shugur, al-Ojeh, Tal al-Tar’i, Talb, Talhiyeh, Tall Kalbah, Tall Khatra, Tall Rasho, Tall Jobas, Joseph, Kafir, Kafr Amim, Kafr Aruq, Kafr Battikh, Kafr Debbin, Kafr al-Shaykh, Tamah al Khalifah, Tamanaah, Tar’ei, Tawil al-Halib, Tawil Deryan, Kafr Din, Kafr Ein, Kafr Haya, Kafr Hind, Kafr Hum, Kafr Jales, Kafr al-Sheikh, Teftnaz, Teftnaz - Military Air Base, Telamnas, Tell al-Ruman, Lata, Kafr Lusin, Kafr Mid, Kafr Nobol, Kafr Omeim, Kafr Oweid, Kafr Tellemara, Termala, Termanin, Thahabiyeh, Toum, Tuffahiyeh, Tulaylat ad Takharim, Kafr Witar, Kafr Yahmoul, Kafraya, Kafraya Al Mara, Kafrsajna, Dahab, Tweim, Um Jalal, Um Sehrij, Um Zaytuna, Um al Tinah, Um Kafruma, Kaftin, Kanayis, Kanisat Nabi ’Izz, Kansafra, Karatin al-Kabira, al-Khalakhil, Upper Sheikh Sindyan, Wadi al Mazrou’i, Wadi al-Dayf Army Karatin al-Saghira, Karsaa, Kastan al Tahtani, Kastanah Fawqan, Kelly, Base, Western Deir, Western Marj Akhdar, Yakoubia, Zafar al-Kabir, Zardana Ketrin, Khafiyah, Khan Shaykun, Khan al-Sabeel, Khawari, Khayriyeh, Mashehad, Zarzur, Zifr al Saghir, Ziyadah Qibliyyah, Zurzur, qasabiyeh. Kherbet Eljoz, Kherbet Ma’rratah, Khirbat al Assadiyah, Khwein Elshaer, Khyara, Kinda, Kniset Nakhleh, Korin, Kuwayris, Lajj, Luf, Ma’aratah, In Lattakia, 426 incidents killing 367 people were reported. The following Ma’arrat An Nu’man, Ma’arrat Tamasrin, Ma’arrat Tayrah, Ma’arrat al locations were among the affected: Aku, Al-Bayda, Al-Haffa, Al-Qardaha, Ard Ikhwan, Maar Dibsi, Maar Hattat, Maar Shamarin, Maar Shamsheh, Maar al Wata, Atirah, Beit Yashout, Ein Issa, Ein al Qantara, Haddada, Hmeimim Shurin, Maar Tamater, Maarat Sin, Maarbalit, Maaret Al Naasan, Maaret Air Base, Jabal al-Akrad, Jabal al-Turkman, Jablah, Kabani, Kansaba, Kasab, Harma, Maarzita, Maasaran, Madaya, Maghara, Magharet Merza, Maksar, Khadraa, Lattakia, Mount Chalma, Nahshabba, Rabee’a, Salanfa, Salma, Mantaf, Maraand, Marata, Marayan, Mardagana Burtuqala, Mardikh, Marj Saraf, Shalaf, Squbin, Tall Rasho, Tallat Abu Ali, Tardeen, Yamdiyeh. Elzohur, Maryamyn, Mashraf Rajmel Mashraf, Mass’ada, Mastumeh, Meshmeshan, Mhambal, Milis, Mintar, Mir’aya, Moqa, Mozra, Mreijeb, In Quneitra, 282 incidents killing 122 people were reported. The following Mreijeb Al Mashhad, Mseibin, Msheirfeh Qabliyeh, Msheirfeh Shamaliah, locations were among the affected: Al Hajja, Al Khashniyyeh, Al Qahtaniyah, Mughr al Henta, Murayjib al Shamali, Murin, Mutawaseta, Nahleh, Nahliya, Al-Ajraf, Baath, Beer Ajam, Breiqa, Ein Eltineh, Ein Qiniyye, Ein Zabda, Najiyeh, Nasriyeh, Nayrab, Nibaz, Niha, Nqeir, Ojeh, Orm Eljoz, Qaderiyeh, Ghadir al Bostan, Hadar, Hameidiyyeh, Hurriyeh, Jaba, Jbata Elkhashab, Qah, Qanniyeh, Qasabiyeh, Qasr Elabyad, Qatra, Qminas, Qoqfin, Katzrin, Khan Arnaba, Majduliya, Mashara, Momtaneh, Nabe Elsakher, Qourqeena, Qunaya, Quneitra, Rabia Mousa, Rabiah, Raffa, Ram Hamdan, Nabe al Fawar, Ofania, Qarqas, Quneitra, Quneitra Border Crossing, Rami, Ras Al Ain, Ras al-Ain, Rasafa, Rasm Abed, Rasm Elabed, Rasm Nayyas, Qusaybah, Rafid, Rasm Al Halabi, Rweheineh, Samadaniyeh al-Gharbiya, Rasm Ward, Rasm al-Ahmar, Rasm al-Burjis, Rayan, Ruwaiha, Safiyat, Samadaniyeh al-Sharqiya, Tall Kurum, Tall al Bazzaq, Tall al Hamriya, Tall al Sahyan, Salamin, Salhiyeh, Salihiyeh, Salqin, Samkeh, San, Sanghara, Sanjar, Shaar, Tarnaja, Um Batna. Sanqarah, Saraqab, Sararif, Sarja, Sarmada, Sarman, Sarmin, Sayadi, Selwa, Sfuhen, Shallakh, Sham al-Hawa, Shatib, Shaturiyeh, Sheikh Bahr, In Rif Dimashq, 2122 incidents killing 7146 people were reported. The following

9 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020 locations were among the affected: 10th Armored Division, Adra, Adra Central Sources Prison, Afra, Al Eib, Al Qutayfah, Al-Atanah, Al-Jarba, Al-Kashkool, Al-Seen Military Airbase, Al-Shifunya, Al-Zreika, An-Nasiriyah, Arbin, Ashrafiet • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: Control, Contestation, Sahnaya, At Tall, Az-Zabdani, Babella, Beit Nayem, Beit Sahm, Beit Sawa, and Activity in Syria, 16 April 2019 Betima, Bweida, Dahiet Elasad, Damascus - International Airport, Darayya, https://www.acleddata.com/download/13825/ Deir Elasafir, Deir Maker, Deir Salman, Dhameer, Dhameer Airbase, Dimas, Dreij, Duma, Eastern Qalamoon, Eftreis, Ein Terma, Hajar Aswad, Hamouriya, • ACLED – Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project: Middle East (Data Haouch Salhiye, Harasta, Harasta Elqantara, Hazrama, Hbariyeh, Hezzeh, through 22 February 2020), 22 February 2020 Hosh Al-Ashary, Hosh Al-Zariqiyah, Hosh al-Dawahira, Jabal Batra, https://www.acleddata.com/download/2915/ Jamraya, Jaramana, Jdidet Yabus, Jirud, Jisrein, Kafir Yabus, Kafr Batna, Kanaker, Khan Elshih, Kisweh, M’adamiyat al-Sham, Madaya, Mahmadiyeh, • GADM – Global Administrative Areas: gadm28_levels.shp, Version 2.8, Maliha, Marj Sultan, Misraba, Modira, Mokhayam Al-Wafedeen, November 2015a Nashabiyeh, Otaya, Qalamoun, Qatana, Qodsayya, Raheiba, Rihan, Rukban, http://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm2.8/gadm28_levels.shp.zip Sa’sa’, Sabe Byar, Sahnaya, Saqba, Sayyeda Zeinab, Shafuniyeh, Sidnaya Military Prison, Tal Farzat, Tall Fatma, Tanf, Tiba, Tlul al Safa, Wadi Barada, • GADM – Global Administrative Areas: SYR_adm.zip, Version 2.8, November Yabroud, Yalda, Zakiyeh, Zalaf, Zamalka. 2015b https://biogeo.ucdavis.edu/data/gadm2.8/shp/SYR_adm_shp.zip In Tartus, 9 incidents killing 24 people were reported. The following locations were among the affected: Banyas, Harf Bnamra, Tartous. • Raleigh, Clionadh; Linke, Andrew; Hegre, Håvard, and Karlsen, Joakim: “In- troducing ACLED-Armed Conflict Location and Event Data”, in: Journal of Peace Research (47(5) 2010 ), pp. 651–660 http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/47/5/651.full.pdf+html

• Smith, Walter H. F. and Wessel, Paul: Global Self-consistent Hierarchical High-resolution Geography (GSHHG), Version 2.3.4, 1 May 2015 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/shorelines/data/gshhg/latest/

Disclaimer

Event data may be revised or complemented in future updates. Updates in ACLED’s datasets will not necessarily be reflected in ACCORD’s reports if the update occurs

10 SYRIA, YEAR 2018: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 26 FEBRUARY 2020 close to or after the latter’s publication. Changes in the sources used by ACLEDto collect incident data might aﬀect the comparability of data over time. For more information on ACLED’s methodology, please see www.acleddata.com/resources/ methodology/. For more information on ACCORD’s products based on the data, please see the ecoi.net blog posts tagged with “ACLED”. The lack of information on an event in this report does not permit the inference that it did not take place. The boundaries and names displayed do not imply endorsement or acceptance by the Austrian Red Cross.

Cite as

• ACCORD – Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation: Syria, year 2018: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), 26 February 2020