DOCSLIB.ORG

Lessons from the Remarkable Career of William P. Homans, Jr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Boston College Law School Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School Boston College Law School Faculty Papers 12-1-2011 What One Lawyer Can Do for Society: Lessons from the Remarkable Career of William P. Homans, Jr. Mark S. Brodin Boston College Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Biography Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal History, Theory and Process Commons, and the Legal Profession Commons Recommended Citation Mark S. Brodin. "What One Lawyer Can Do for Society: Lessons from the Remarkable Career of William P. Homans, Jr.." New England Law Review 46, no.1 (2011): 37-63. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law School Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BRODIN 11/2/2011 4:04 PM What One Lawyer Can Do for Society: Lessons from the Remarkable Career of William P. Homans Jr. MARK BRODIN* ABSTRACT William P. Homans Jr. was an iconic civil liberties and criminal defense lawyer who mentored generations of younger lawyers that followed in his path. He appeared in cases that defined his times, from representing targets of the McCarthy-era inquisitions of the 1950s, to defending publishers of books like Tropic of Cancer when the authorities sought to suppress them, to serving on the defense team in the conspiracy trial of internationally-renowned pediatrician Benjamin Spock and four other leaders of the anti-Vietnam-War movement, to defending a doctor charged with manslaughter arising from an abortion he performed soon after Roe v. Wade legalized such procedures. In each case, Homans advanced the larger causes as well as his clients' interests. William Homans also defended countless persons whose names are not widely known and who paid him little or nothing because, like John Adams before him, he believed profoundly that each accused is entitled to the best defense possible. Acutely aware of the many imperfections and biases in the criminal justice system, he was a passionate opponent of the death penalty, and in a series of landmark cases, he persuaded the Supreme Judicial Court to abolish the penalty in Massachusetts. Homans's contributions to the law remain a model for the legal profession, and many valuable lessons may be drawn from his fifty-year career at the Bar. * Professor and Lee Distinguished Scholar, Boston College Law School. Author of WILLIAM P. HOMANS JR.: A LIFE IN COURT (2010). 37 BRODIN - FINAL (DO NOT DELETE) 11/2/2011 4:04 PM 38 New England Law Review v. 46 | 37 Few are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential vital quality for those who seek to change a world that yields most painfully to change.1 s a fellow student of Bill Homans at Harvard College famously advised: ‚[A]sk not what your country can do for you—ask A what you can do for your country.‛2 In the same inaugural address, John F. Kennedy observed: The torch had been passed to a new generation of Americans— born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.3 The new President could well have been describing one particular member of that generation, William P. Homans Jr., who spent his fifty-year career following JFK’s admonition to give more to society than one takes. Homans emerged from two of Boston’s most venerable family lines, which together had produced generations of celebrated doctors, corporate lawyers, Harvard academics, and politicians since the mid-1750s.4 Raised on a forty-acre estate on Homans Lane in lush Canton, he followed his forebears into Harvard College, its exclusive Phoenix final club, the Hasty Pudding Institute of 1770, and all the other usual venues of Brahmin privilege in America’s City on a Hill.5 Yet waiving his birthright, Homans chose a life of great self-sacrifice, devoting himself to the representation of society’s cast-offs and the 1 JESSICA MITFORD, THE TRIAL OF DR. SPOCK, THE REV. WILLIAM SLOANE COFFIN, JR., MICHAEL FERBER, MITCHELL GOODMAN, AND MARCUS RASKIN 182 (1969) (closing argument by William P. Homans, Jr. on behalf of Michael Ferber in United States v. Spock, 416 F.2d 165 (1st Cir. 1969)). 2 John F. Kennedy, President, Inaugural Address (Jan. 20, 1961), in JOINT CONG. COMM. ON INAUGURAL CEREMONIES, INAUGURAL ADDRESSES OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON 1789 TO GEORGE BUSH 1989, S. DOC. NO. 101-10, at 308 (1st Sess. 1989). 3 Id. at 306. 4 See Mark S. BRODIN, WILLIAM P. HOMANS JR.: A LIFE IN COURT ix, 1-6 (2010). 5 Id. at 1, 7-8. BRODIN - FINAL (DO NOT DELETE) 11/2/2011 4:04 PM 2011 Lessons from the Remarkable Career of William P. Homans Jr. 39 advocacy of causes that often put him on the wrong side of public opinion.6 Though heralded as one of the best criminal defense and civil liberties lawyers of his time, and among the most important figures in the Boston legal community,7 Homans lost many of his cases, particularly at the trial level.8 The lawyer who ventures on such a path, who follows Oliver Wendell Holmes’s instruction to ‚immerse [oneself] in the agonies of the times,‛9 has to be prepared to suffer painful defeats and reverses. After all, Clarence Darrow, America’s archetypal ‚people’s lawyer‛— who left a lucrative practice as a railroad lawyer to represent Socialist leader Eugene V. Debs and his American Railway Union in the momentous Pullman Strike of 189410—lost his first big case and had to watch his obviously deranged client go to the gallows.11 Darrow also lost his most famous case, when Tennessee high-school-biology-teacher John Scopes was convicted for teaching evolution in the historic 1925 ‚monkey trial.‛12 The teaching of evolution was not protected by the Constitution until decades later, in 1968, with Epperson v. Arkansas.13 Darrow did not live to see any notable success in his life-long battle against the death penalty, even though he succeeded in putting the issue on the national agenda with his impassioned plea that saved ‚thrill murderers‛ Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb from execution for the random killing of a neighborhood boy.14 The late historian Howard Zinn paid Homans the highest of compliments when he described him as a ‚Clarence Darrow-like defender of poor and black people.‛15 Especially before Gideon v. Wainwright,16 many 6 See id. at ix, xii. 7 See Alan M. Dershowitz, Biography Tells Balanced Story of Complex Man, Great Lawyer, MASS. LAW. WKLY., Apr. 12, 2010, at 13. 8 See BRODIN, supra note 4, at 70-71. 9 Arthur Kinoy, The Role of the People’s Lawyer in the 1990s, 2 TEMP. POL. & CIV. RTS. L. REV. 209, 226 (1992) (quoting Oliver Wendell Holmes’s advice to young lawyers and professionals). 10 See Gerald F. Uelmen, Who is the Lawyer of the Century?, 33 LOY. L.A. L. REV. 613, 632 (2000). 11 See JOHN A. FARRELL, CLARENCE DARROW: ATTORNEY FOR THE DAMNED 62 (2011). A delusional Patrick Prendergast shot and killed the mayor of Chicago in the mayor’s home, telling police the victim had reneged on a promise to appoint him as counsel. Prendergast was a twenty-five-year-old newspaper deliveryman, who even the state psychiatrists proclaimed was insane. The jury took only an hour to come forward with a guilty verdict. Id. at 55-56. 12 See id. at 364-65, 397. 13 393 U.S. 97, 107, 109 (1968) (holding that an Arkansas law preventing the teaching of evolution in the classroom violated the First and Fourteenth Amendments). 14 FARRELL, supra note 11, at 348-56. 15 HOWARD ZINN, JUSTICE IN EVERYDAY LIFE: THE WAY IT REALLY WORKS 106 (Howard Zinn BRODIN - FINAL (DO NOT DELETE) 11/2/2011 4:04 PM 40 New England Law Review v. 46 | 37 of these people would have gone unrepresented or poorly represented. For lawyers like Darrow and Homans, gratification comes not from frequent victories but from the struggle itself and constantly challenging the justice system to truly produce just results. **** An effective criminal defense lawyer has to, above all else, relish the good fight against long odds. When Homans was a seventeen-year-old college freshman, he visited Germany and stayed for six weeks with a family that had a son in a Hitler youth group.17 The year was 1938; the Nuremberg laws had already stripped Jews of their citizenship, subjecting them to brutal abuse and humiliation, and worse was soon to come.18 The young Homans was forever changed by what he saw that summer, and his lifelong commitment to defense of the downtrodden and powerless was forged. When he graduated from Harvard College in June 1941, the United States was still neutral, standing aside (except for the modest Lend-Lease support that President Franklin D.
Recommended publications
  • Essential Chomsky

    Essential Chomsky

    CURRENT AFFAIRS $19.95 U.S. CHOMSKY IS ONE OF A SMALL BAND OF NOAM INDIVIDUALS FIGHTING A WHOLE INDUSTRY. AND CHOMSKY THAT MAKES HIM NOT ONLY BRILLIANT, BUT HEROIC. NOAM CHOMSKY —ARUNDHATI ROY EDITED BY ANTHONY ARNOVE THEESSENTIAL C Noam Chomsky is one of the most significant Better than anyone else now writing, challengers of unjust power and delusions; Chomsky combines indignation with he goes against every assumption about insight, erudition with moral passion. American altruism and humanitarianism. That is a difficult achievement, —EDWARD W. SAID and an encouraging one. THE —IN THESE TIMES For nearly thirty years now, Noam Chomsky has parsed the main proposition One of the West’s most influential of American power—what they do is intellectuals in the cause of peace. aggression, what we do upholds freedom— —THE INDEPENDENT with encyclopedic attention to detail and an unflagging sense of outrage. Chomsky is a global phenomenon . —UTNE READER perhaps the most widely read voice on foreign policy on the planet. ESSENTIAL [Chomsky] continues to challenge our —THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW assumptions long after other critics have gone to bed. He has become the foremost Chomsky’s fierce talent proves once gadfly of our national conscience. more that human beings are not —CHRISTOPHER LEHMANN-HAUPT, condemned to become commodities. THE NEW YORK TIMES —EDUARDO GALEANO HO NE OF THE WORLD’S most prominent NOAM CHOMSKY is Institute Professor of lin- Opublic intellectuals, Noam Chomsky has, in guistics at MIT and the author of numerous more than fifty years of writing on politics, phi- books, including For Reasons of State, American losophy, and language, revolutionized modern Power and the New Mandarins, Understanding linguistics and established himself as one of Power, The Chomsky-Foucault Debate: On Human the most original and wide-ranging political and Nature, On Language, Objectivity and Liberal social critics of our time.
  • Extensions of Remarks 10509

    Extensions of Remarks 10509

    May 9, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10509 MENT REPORT.-The Secretary shall set forth available to the United States Geological -Page 274, line 1, strike "(b) (1)" and in in each report to the Congress under the Survey, the Bureau of Mines, or any other lieu thereof insert "(c) (2)". Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970 a agency or instrumentality of the United Page 333, lines 14 and 15, strike "after the summary of the pertinent information States. date of enactment of this Act". (other than proprietary or other confidential (Additional technical amendments to -Page 275, line 8, change "28" to "27" and information) relating to minerals which is Udall-Anderson substitute (H.R. 3651) .) change "33" to "34". EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A NONFUEL MINERAL POLICY: WE Of course, the usual antagonists are lined These Americans descend from .Japa­ CAN NO LONGER WAIT up on each side of this policy debate. But, nese, Chinese, Korean, and Filipino an­ as Nevada Congressman J. D. Santini points cestors, as well as from Hawaii and t'iher out in our p . 57 feature, their arguments Pacific Islands such as Samoa, Fiji, and HON. JIM SANTINI go by one another like ships in the night with nothing happening-until the lid blows Tahiti. In southern California, where OF NEVADA off. we have the greatest concentration of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But, how do you get the public excited Asian and Pacific Americans anywhere Wednesday, May 9, 1979 about metal shortages? in the Nation, their valuable involvemept Even Congressman Santini's well-meant in the growth and prosperity of our local • Mr.
  • Queer Theorists and Gay Journalists Wrestle Over

    Queer Theorists and Gay Journalists Wrestle Over

    PLEASURE PRIPRINCIPLES BY CALEB CRAIN QUEER THEORISTS AND GAY JOURNALISTS WRESTLE OVER THE POLITICS OF SEX 26 PLEASURE PRINCIPLES PLEASURE PRIPRINCIPLES Nearly two hundred men and women have come to sit in the sweaty ground-floor assembly hall of New York City’s Lesbian and Gay Community Services Cen- ter. They’ve tucked their gym bags under their folding chairs, and, despite the thick late-June heat, they’re fully alert. Doz- ens more men and women cram the edges of the room, leaning against manila-colored card tables littered with Xerox- es or perching on the center’s grade-school-style water foun- tain, a row of three faucets in a knee-high porcelain trough. A video camera focuses on the podium, where activist Gregg Gonsalves and Columbia University law professor Kendall Thomas welcome the audience to a teach-in sponsored by the new organization Sex Panic. It might have been the Sex Panic flyer reading DANGER! ASSAULT! TURDZ! that drew this crowd. Handed out in New York City’s gay bars and coffee shops, the flyer identified continuing HIV transmission as the danger. It pointed to the recent closing of gay and transgender bars and an increase in arrests for public lewdness as the assault. And it named gay writers Andrew Sullivan, Michelangelo Signorile, Larry Kramer, and Gabriel Rotello as the Turdz. The flyer, however, is not how I first Kramer, or Sullivan with hisses, boos, thing called queer theory. Relatively found out about the Sex Panic meeting. and laughs. The men and women here new, queer theory represents a para- A fellow graduate student recommend- tonight feel sure of their enemies, and as digm shift in the way some scholars are ed it to me as a venue for academic the evening advances, these enemies thinking about homosexuality.
  • A Tale of Prosecutorial Indiscretion: Ramsey Clark and the Selective Non-Prosecution of Stokley Carmichael

    A Tale of Prosecutorial Indiscretion: Ramsey Clark and the Selective Non-Prosecution of Stokley Carmichael

    South Carolina Law Review Volume 62 Issue 1 Article 2 Fall 2010 A Tale of Prosecutorial Indiscretion: Ramsey Clark and the Selective Non-Prosecution of Stokley Carmichael Lonnie T. Brown Jr. University of Georgia School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/sclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lonnie T. Brown, Jr., A Tale of Prosecutorial Indiscretion: Ramsey Clark and the Selective Non-Prosecution of Stokley Carmichael, 62 S. C. L. Rev. 1 (2010). This Article is brought to you by the Law Reviews and Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Carolina Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Brown: A Tale of Prosecutorial Indiscretion: Ramsey Clark and the Select A TALE OF PROSECUTORIAL INDISCRETION: RAMSEY CLARK AND THE SELECTIVE NON-PROSECUTION OF STOKELY CARMICHAEL LONNIE T. BROWN, JR.* I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 II. THE PROTAGONISTS .................................................................................... 8 A. Ramsey Clark and His Civil Rights Pedigree ...................................... 8 B. Stokely Carmichael: "Hell no, we won't go!.................................. 11 III. RAMSEY CLARK'S REFUSAL TO PROSECUTE STOKELY CARMICHAEL ......... 18 A. Impetus Behind Callsfor Prosecution............................................... 18 B. Conspiracy to Incite a Riot..............................................................
  • Page 1 of 5 Benjamin Spock Conspiracy 7/25/2009

    Page 1 of 5 Benjamin Spock Conspiracy 7/25/2009

    Benjamin Spock Conspiracy Page 1 of 5 excerpt from It Did Happen Here by Bud and Ruth Schultz (University of California Press, 1989) The Conspiracy to Oppose the Vietnam War, Oral History of Benjamin Spock The Selective Service Act of 1948 made it a criminal offense for a person to knowingly counsel, aid, or abet someone in refusing or evading registration in the armed forces. In 1968, Dr. Benjamin Spock and four others were indicted for conspiring to violate this act. Evidence of the conspiracy was to be found in the public expressions of the defendants: hours of selectively edited newsreel footage of press conferences, demonstrations, and public addresses they made in opposition to government policy in Vietnam. What could better symbolize the damage such prosecutions made on the free marketplace of ideas? Why were they charged with conspiracy to counsel, aid, and abet rather than with the commission of those acts themselves? Conspiracy, Judge Learned Hand said, is "the darling of the modern prosecutor's nursery."' It relaxes ordinary rules of evidence, frequently results in higher penalties than the substantive crime, may extend the statue of limitations, and holds all conspirators responsible for the acts of each. The conspirators may have acted entirely in the open, they may never have met; they may have agreed only implicitly; they may never have acted illegally. It's enough that they were of a like mind to do so. When applied to political activity, writing, and speech, a conspiracy charge has virtually no limits. Government attorneys could have included as co-conspirators the publishers of Dr.
  • Pennsylvania History

    Pennsylvania History

    Pennsylvania History a journal of mid-atlantic studies PHvolume 80, number 2 · spring 2013 “Under These Classic Shades Together”: Intimate Male Friendships at the Antebellum College of New Jersey Thomas J. Balcerski 169 Pennsylvania’s Revolutionary Militia Law: The Statute that Transformed the State Francis S. Fox 204 “Long in the Hand and Altogether Fruitless”: The Pennsylvania Salt Works and Salt-Making on the New Jersey Shore during the American Revolution Michael S. Adelberg 215 “A Genuine Republican”: Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Remarks (1797), the Federalists, and Republican Civic Humanism Arthur Scherr 243 Obituaries Ira V. Brown (1922–2012) Robert V. Brown and John B. Frantz 299 Gerald G. (Gerry) Eggert (1926–2012) William Pencak 302 bOOk reviews James Rice. Tales from a Revolution: Bacon’s Rebellion and the Transformation of Colonial America Reviewed by Matthew Kruer 305 This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Sally McMurry and Nancy Van Dolsen, eds. Architecture and Landscape of the Pennsylvania Germans, 1720-1920 Reviewed by Jason R. Sellers 307 Patrick M. Erben. A Harmony of the Spirits: Translation and the Language of Community in Early Pennsylvania Reviewed by Karen Guenther 310 Jennifer Hull Dorsey. Hirelings: African American Workers and Free Labor in Early Maryland Reviewed by Ted M. Sickler 313 Kenneth E. Marshall. Manhood Enslaved: Bondmen in Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century New Jersey Reviewed by Thomas J. Balcerski 315 Jeremy Engels. Enemyship: Democracy and Counter-Revolution in the Early Republic Reviewed by Emma Stapely 318 George E.
  • Jessica Mitford

    Jessica Mitford

    Jessica Mitford: An Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Center Descriptive Summary Creator Mitford, Jessica, 1917-1996 Title Jessica Mitford Papers Dates: 1949-1973 Extent 67 document boxes, 3 note card boxes, 7 galley files, 1 oversize folder (27 linear feet) Abstract: Correspondence, printed material, reports, notes, interviews, manuscripts, legal documents, and other materials represent Jessica Mitford's work on her three investigatory books and comprise the bulk of these papers. Language English. Access Open for research Administrative Information Acquisition Purchase, 1973 Processed by Donald Firsching, Amanda McCallum, Jana Pellusch, 1990 Repository: Harry Ransom Center University of Texas at Austin Mitford, Jessica, 1917-1996 Biographical Sketch Born September 11, 1917, in Batsford, Gloucestershire, England, Jessica Mitford is one of the six daughters of the Baron of Redesdale. The Mitfords are a well-known English family with a reputation for eccentricity. Of the Mitford sisters, Nancy achieved notoriety as a novelist and biographer. Diana married Sir Oswald Mosley, leader of the British fascists before World War II. Unity, also a fascist sympathizer, attempted suicide when Britain and Germany went to war. Deborah became the Duchess of Devonshire. Jessica, whose political bent ran opposite to that of her sisters, ran away to Loyalist Spain with her cousin, Esmond Romilly, during the Spanish Civil War. Jessica eventually married Romilly, who was killed during World War II. In 1943, Mitford married a labor lawyer, Robert Treuhaft, while working for the Office of Price Administration in Washington, D.C. The couple soon moved to Oakland, California, where they joined the Communist Party. In California, Mitford worked as executive secretary for the Civil Rights Congress and taught sociology at San Jose State University.
  • How Early Post Office Policy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine

    How Early Post Office Policy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine

    Hastings Law Journal Volume 58 | Issue 4 Article 1 1-2007 The rT ansformation of Statutes into Constitutional Law: How Early Post Officeolic P y Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine Anuj C. Desai Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Anuj C. Desai, The Transformation of Statutes into Constitutional Law: How Early Post Officeo P licy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine, 58 Hastings L.J. 671 (2007). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol58/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles The Transformation of Statutes into Constitutional Law: How Early Post Office Policy Shaped Modern First Amendment Doctrine ANUJ C. DESAI* INTRODUCTION One of the great urban legends on the Internet was "Bill 6o2P."' In the late 199OS it spread like wildfire, and it occasionally makes the rounds again like pleas from Nigerian officials seeking help with their Swiss bank accounts or the story of the $250 Neiman Marcus cookie recipe. The bill, supported by (no doubt soon-to-be-defeated) "Congressman Tony Schnell," would have imposed a five cent tax on each e-mail message. One would be hard put to imagine a more nefarious way for * Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School. Many people read all or large parts of this Article and provided helpful suggestions.
  • Amanda Nash Went Right to the Source: the Author

    Amanda Nash Went Right to the Source: the Author

    The Women’s Review of Books Vol. XXI, No. 2 November 2003 74035 $4.00 In This Issue Even in the case of an artist like Louise Bourgeois, who has written extensively about the origins of her artworks in her life experience, the relationship between memory and art is never transparent or straight- forward, says reviewer Patricia G. Berman. Cover story D In The Fifth Book of Peace, her “nonfiction-fiction-nonfiction sandwich,” Maxine Hong Kingston experiments with new narrative forms, forgoing the excitement of conflict in an attempt to encom- pass the experience of peace and community. p. 5 Louise Bourgeois in her Brooklyn studio in 1993, with To find out what makes 3, Julie Shredder (1983) and Spider (then in progress). From Hilden’s novel of sexual obsession Runaway Girl: The Artist Louise Bourgeois and experimentation, so haunting, reviewer Amanda Nash went right to the source: The author. Art and autobiography Interview, p. 11 by Patricia G. Berman Could Hillary Rodham Clinton Three books examine the career of artist Louise Bourgeois became America’s first woman presi- dent? Judith Nies reads the senator’s n Christmas day 2003, the artist like environment suggestive of pulsating memoir Living History—along with Louise Bourgeois will turn 92. Her viscera, and I Do, I Undo, I Redo (2000), the other new books that examine O vitality, wit, and ability to fuse titanically scaled steel towers that initiated excess with elegance continue to rival the the Turbine Hall of the Tate Modern in women’s political leadership in this works of artists one-third her age.
  • Benjamin Spock: a Two-Century Man

    Benjamin Spock: a Two-Century Man

    Syracuse University SURFACE The Courier Libraries 1996 Benjamin Spock: A Two-Century Man Bettye Caldwell Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/libassoc Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Caldwell, Bettye "Benjamin Spock: A Two-Century Man," The Courier 1996:5-21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Courier by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. S YRAC U SE UN IVE RS I TY LIB RA RY ASS 0 CI ATE S COURIER VOLUME XXXI . 1996 SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ASSOCIATES COURIER VOLUME XXXI Benjamin Spock: A Two-Century Man By Bettye Caldwell, Professor ofPediatrics, 5 Child Development, and Education, University ofArkansas for Medical Sciences While reviewing Benjamin Spock's pediatric career, his social activism, and his personal life, Caldwell assesses the impact ofthis "giant ofthe twentieth century" who has helped us to "prepare for the twenty-first." The Magic Toy Shop ByJean Daugherty, Public Affairs Programmer, 23 WTVH, Syracuse The creator ofThe Magic Thy Shop, a long-running, local television show for children, tells how the show came about. Ernest Hemingway By ShirleyJackson 33 Introduction: ShirleyJackson on Ernest Hemingway: A Recovered Term Paper ByJohn W Crowley, Professor ofEnglish, Syracuse University For a 1940 English class at Syracuse University, ShirleyJackson wrote a paper on Ernest Hemingway. Crowley's description ofher world
  • Vol. 1, No. 2 February 1968 Dr. Bejnarn1n Spock, Reverend William Sloane Coffin Jr., Marcus Raskin, Mitchell Goodman, and Michae

    Vol. 1, No. 2 February 1968 Dr. Bejnarn1n Spock, Reverend William Sloane Coffin Jr., Marcus Raskin, Mitchell Goodman, and Michae

    Vol. 1, No. 2 6324 Primrose Avenue February 1968 Los Angeles, Calif., 90028 Dr. Bejnarn1n Spock, Reverend William Sloane Coffin Jr., Marcus Raskin, Mitchell Goodman, and Michael Ferber were indicted on Friday, January 5, 1968, by the Rederal government on char~s of encouraging draft evasion. '!he following is a national staterrent that has been released in support of the five rren: "We stand beside the men who have been indicted for support of draft resistance. If they are sentenced, we too must be sentenced. If they are imprisoned, we will take their places and will continue to use what rreans we can to bring this war to an end. We will not stand by silently as our government conducts a criminal war. We will con­ tinue to offer support, as we have been doing, to those who refuse to serve in Viet Nam, to these indicted rren, and to all others who refuse to be passive accOl1'plices in war crimes. 'Ihe war is illegi­ timate and our actions are legitimate." Reverend Robert McAfee Brown Demise Leverton Noam Chcmsky IMight Macdonald Mary Clarke Herbert Magidson Reverend John Colburn Eason Monroe Reverend Stephen Fritchman Reverend William Moreman Paul Goodman Reverend Roy Ockert Florence Howe Ava Helen Pauling Professor Donald Kalish Professor Linus Pauling Louis Kampf Sidney Peck Reverend Martin Luther Ling, Jr. Hilary Putnam Lavid Krech Father Louis Vitale, O.F.M. Frederick Krews Arthur Waskow Reverend Tom Lasswell Reverend Harlan 1. Weitzel Paul Lauter Howard Zinn Reverend Speed Leas (Partial list of signers) I join in the above statement.
  • Citizen-Civilians: Masculinity, Citizenship, and American Military Manpower Policy, 1945-1975

    Citizen-Civilians: Masculinity, Citizenship, and American Military Manpower Policy, 1945-1975

    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: CITIZEN-CIVILIANS: MASCULINITY, CITIZENSHIP, AND AMERICAN MILITARY MANPOWER POLICY, 1945-1975 Amy Jennifer Rutenberg, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Robyn Muncy Department of History “Citizen-Civilians” argues that military manpower policies between the end of World War II in 1945 and the shift to the All-Volunteer Force in 1973 separated military service from ideals of masculine citizenship in the United States. Manpower policies, especially those that governed deferments, widened the definition of service to the state and encouraged men to meet their responsibilities for national defense as civilians. They emphasized men’s breadwinner role and responsible fatherhood over military service and defined economic independence as a contribution to national defense. These policies, therefore, militarized the civilian sector, as fatherhood and certain civilian occupations were defined as national defense initiatives. But these policies also, ironically, weakened the citizen-soldier ideal by ensuring that fewer men would serve in the military and equating these civilian pursuits with military service. The Defense establishment unintentionally weakened its own manpower procurement system. These findings provide context for the anti-war and anti-draft protest of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Vietnam exacerbated points of friction that already existed. The war highlighted assumptions about masculinity and citizenship as well as inequities in the draft system that had existed for a generation. This dissertation, therefore, explains the growth of the mechanisms that allowed men to avoid military service, as such avoidance became relatively simple to accomplish and easy to justify. Thus, when draft calls rose in order to support a war that many Americans did not agree with, men used the channels that the Defense establishment had already created for them to avoid serving in the armed forces.