DOCSLIB.ORG

Unbound by Law: Association and Autonomy in the Early American Republic Kevin Butterfield Washington University in St

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Unbound by Law: Association and Autonomy in the Early American Republic Kevin Butterfield Washington University in St Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) January 2010 Unbound by Law: Association and Autonomy in the Early American Republic Kevin Butterfield Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Butterfield, Kevin, "Unbound by Law: Association and Autonomy in the Early American Republic" (2010). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 50. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/50 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of History Dissertation Examination Committee: David Konig, Chair Iver Bernstein Howard Brick Randall Calvert Peter Kastor Andrew Rehfeld UNBOUND BY LAW: ASSOCIATION AND AUTONOMY IN THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC by Kevin Charles Butterfield A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2010 Saint Louis, Missouri Abstract This dissertation examines how the concept of voluntary membership evolved between the 1780s and the 1830s, a period in which men and women created thousands of groups seeking everything from fraternity to profit to social reform. Before observers foreign and domestic would begin to identify the voluntary association as a defining characteristic of post- Revolutionary American culture, Americans who organized and joined such groups had struggled for decades to determine what membership ought to look like, what rights and duties the act of joining should entail. By the time Alexis de Tocqueville famously noted in 1831 that Americans were “forever forming associations,” they had come to some answers. A revolutionary idea evolved unsteadily through the practical, day-to-day experiences of membership, as men and women began to insist upon basic principles of procedural fairness: the idea that people carried rights into every social relationship. Historians have yet to examine these debates over the norms of belonging, largely owing to the long-lasting influence of Tocqueville’s rosy picture of spontaneous cooperation and, more recently, Jürgen Habermas’s theory of associations in the public sphere. But Americans of the post-Revolutionary generations were anxious and uncertain about private governing power and the potential abuses of even voluntary commitments. In groups as diverse as women’s literary societies, men’s political fraternities, business corporations, and mutual benefit societies, Americans responded to the challenges they perceived by erecting procedural protections for members and by embracing a legalistic rather than an affective understanding of what it meant to belong. For they were anxious, too, about how they could make these groups work, how they could make collective action a reality in an age when even the survival of the new republic appeared tenuous. ii Innovation born of conflict within the groups—especially, efforts to forestall and to resolve disputes over the meanings, burdens, and benefits of voluntary membership, many of which wound up in court—shaped the post-Revolutionary associational landscape. While there continued to be encomia about the natural sociability of man and the tender ties of affection, in practice the American joiners that Tocqueville described had embraced a wholly different model of associated action. The rules by which the joiners organized themselves evinced a trend toward greater precision and an increasing emphasis on legalistic formalities. What is more, law-making and judicial institutions became comfortable assuming a role as superintendent over the actions within private societies, holding them to broad standards of justice and resolving the conflicts that arose within them, such as contested expulsions, and thereby setting the furthest limits of private governing authority. They created a substructure for Americans’ efforts at collective action, one that evinced a pervasive liberalism, in that it was grounded in an individualistic common law, legal guarantees of the rights of individual members, and a reliance on adversarial legalism and procedural formalities to reconcile conflict, even in these ostensibly private, wholly voluntary groups. The conflict-driven process of defining voluntary membership had a second effect: Americans of this period came to accept the pluralist makeup of their society, in which myriad groups pursued divergent ends rather than a singular, public good. They could do so because, internally, most of these groups had begun to look the same, and those few associations that did appear to threaten the autonomy of their members, such as the Freemasons, came to stand out in ways they had not just a generation before. By about 1840, certain conceptions of voluntary membership had become so generally accepted that the judicial superintendence of private associations would become less direct, resting on broad schema of procedural expectations. iii Acknowledgments The research for this dissertation was supported generously by the Department of History of Washington University in St. Louis as well as by the American Culture Studies program, particularly the Lynne Cooper Harvey Fellowship. Several archives and other research institutions also provided support for the research and writing of this work, and it gives me great pleasure to be able to acknowledge, in writing, my gratitude for that help: the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation; the Connecticut Historical Society; the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine; the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the New England Regional Fellowship Consortium; the New Hampshire Historical Society; the New-York Historical Society; the New York State Archives; the Rhode Island Historical Society; the Robert H. Smith International Center for Jefferson Studies; and the Virginia Historical Society. iv Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..ii Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………….…iv Introduction………………………………………………………………..…………...1 Chapter 1 Religious Associations: The Voluntary Principle Applied…………………………...41 Chapter 2 Fraternal Societies: Brotherhood and Political Autonomy………………................ 107 Chapter 3 Mutual Insurance: The Bonds of Membership……………………………..……… 166 Chapter 4 Business Corporations: The Corporation as Membership Association…….……… 228 Chapter 5 Societies Formed by and for Women: The Culture of Legality in Practice .……..... 283 Chapter 6 Mutual Benefit Societies and Legal Pluralism…………………………………....... 318 Chapter 7 Labor Unions and an American Law of Membership………………………….….. 370 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..430 v Introduction In 1813, William Stewart found himself estranged and expelled from the Philanthropic Society in Pennsylvania, one of countless mutual aid organizations that had formed in the young American republic to allow members, who made small contributions, to make a call on the society’s funds in a time of need. Stewart had told them of an illness and, according to the rules of the institution, had presented a physician’s bill for forty dollars, which he claimed to have paid, and he asked for compensation. When it became evident that the doctor’s bill had, in fact, been for four dollars and that Stewart had added a zero in an obvious attempt to defraud his fellow members, his request was denied and his membership promptly terminated according to the society’s constitution, specifically, the clause permitting the expulsion of those “concerned in scandalous or improper proceedings which might injure the reputation of the society.”1 Shamelessly, Stewart went to court. The Philanthropic Society had been formally incorporated, as had many similar organizations in Pennsylvania, either by special charter or under one of the first general incorporation acts in history, passed in 1791 to permit the speedy incorporation of literary, charitable, and religious associations. Thus, Stewart could call for a writ of mandamus to compel the society, in a formal sense a creature of the state and an instrument of state authority, to restore him to “the standing and rights of a member of the Philanthropic Society.” He asserted that the question of whether his 1 Commonwealth v. Philanthropic Society, 5 Binn. (Pa.) 486 (1813); William Miner to Jacob Beck, Apr. 1, 1817, folder 7, Mandamus and Quo Warranto Proceedings, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Eastern District, RG-33, Pennsylvania State Archives. 1 conduct had, indeed, injured the reputation of the society had not been formally noted in the minutes of his expulsion proceedings. Chief Justice William Tilghman would have none of it—“a society that would not be injured by such a proceeding as this, on the part of one of its members, must be a society without reputation”—and he denied mandamus.2 The episode itself reveals a great deal about how Americans conceived of voluntary membership in the early decades of the United States. Stewart knew where to turn if he was unhappy with decisions made regarding his “rights” as a member, and he couched his claim in terms of proper procedure and legalistic formality. The society, too, in its affidavit, knew to invoke specific
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Queer Theorists and Gay Journalists Wrestle Over
    PLEASURE PRIPRINCIPLES BY CALEB CRAIN QUEER THEORISTS AND GAY JOURNALISTS WRESTLE OVER THE POLITICS OF SEX 26 PLEASURE PRINCIPLES PLEASURE PRIPRINCIPLES Nearly two hundred men and women have come to sit in the sweaty ground-floor assembly hall of New York City’s Lesbian and Gay Community Services Cen- ter. They’ve tucked their gym bags under their folding chairs, and, despite the thick late-June heat, they’re fully alert. Doz- ens more men and women cram the edges of the room, leaning against manila-colored card tables littered with Xerox- es or perching on the center’s grade-school-style water foun- tain, a row of three faucets in a knee-high porcelain trough. A video camera focuses on the podium, where activist Gregg Gonsalves and Columbia University law professor Kendall Thomas welcome the audience to a teach-in sponsored by the new organization Sex Panic. It might have been the Sex Panic flyer reading DANGER! ASSAULT! TURDZ! that drew this crowd. Handed out in New York City’s gay bars and coffee shops, the flyer identified continuing HIV transmission as the danger. It pointed to the recent closing of gay and transgender bars and an increase in arrests for public lewdness as the assault. And it named gay writers Andrew Sullivan, Michelangelo Signorile, Larry Kramer, and Gabriel Rotello as the Turdz. The flyer, however, is not how I first Kramer, or Sullivan with hisses, boos, thing called queer theory. Relatively found out about the Sex Panic meeting. and laughs. The men and women here new, queer theory represents a para- A fellow graduate student recommend- tonight feel sure of their enemies, and as digm shift in the way some scholars are ed it to me as a venue for academic the evening advances, these enemies thinking about homosexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Spring 2006.Qxd
    Anthony Grafton History’s postmodern fates Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/daed/article-pdf/135/2/54/1829123/daed.2006.135.2.54.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 As the twenty-½rst century begins, his- in the mid-1980s to almost one thousand tory occupies a unique, but not an envi- now. But the vision of a rise in the num- able, position among the humanistic dis- ber of tenure-track jobs that William ciplines in the United States. Every time Bowen and others evoked, and that lured Clio examines her reflection in the mag- many young men and women into grad- ic mirror of public opinion, more voices uate school in the 1990s, has never mate- ring out, shouting that she is the ugliest rialized in history. The market, accord- Muse of all. High school students rate ingly, seems out of joint–almost as bad- history their most boring subject. Un- ly so as in the years around 1970, when dergraduates have fled the ½eld with production of Ph.D.s ½rst reached one the enthusiasm of rats leaving a sinking thousand or more per year just as univer- ship. Thirty years ago, some 5 percent sities and colleges went into economic of all undergraduates majored in histo- crisis. Many unemployed holders of doc- ry. Nowadays, around 2 percent do so. torates in history hold their teachers and Numbers of new Ph.D.s have risen, from universities responsible for years of op- a low of just under ½ve hundred per year pression, misery, and wasted effort that cannot be usefully reapplied in other careers.1 Anthony Grafton, a Fellow of the American Acad- Those who succeed in obtaining ten- emy since 2002, is Henry Putnam University Pro- ure-track positions, moreover, may still fessor of History at Princeton University and ½nd themselves walking a stony path.
    [Show full text]
  • I^Igtorical ^Siisociation
    American i^igtorical ^siisociation SEVENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING NEW YORK HEADQUARTERS: HOTEL STATLER DECEMBER 28, 29, 30 Bring this program with you Extra copies 25 cents Please be certain to visit the hook exhibits The Culture of Contemporary Canada Edited by JULIAN PARK, Professor of European History and International Relations at the University of Buffalo THESE 12 objective essays comprise a lively evaluation of the young culture of Canada. Closely and realistically examined are literature, art, music, the press, theater, education, science, philosophy, the social sci ences, literary scholarship, and French-Canadian culture. The authors, specialists in their fields, point out the efforts being made to improve and consolidate Canada's culture. 419 Pages. Illus. $5.75 The American Way By DEXTER PERKINS, John L. Senior Professor in American Civilization, Cornell University PAST and contemporary aspects of American political thinking are illuminated by these informal but informative essays. Professor Perkins examines the nature and contributions of four political groups—con servatives, liberals, radicals, and socialists, pointing out that the continu ance of healthy, active moderation in American politics depends on the presence of their ideas. 148 Pages. $2.75 A Short History of New Yorh State By DAVID M.ELLIS, James A. Frost, Harold C. Syrett, Harry J. Carman HERE in one readable volume is concise but complete coverage of New York's complicated history from 1609 to the present. In tracing the state's transformation from a predominantly agricultural land into a rich industrial empire, four distinguished historians have drawn a full pic ture of political, economic, social, and cultural developments, giving generous attention to the important period after 1865.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania History
    Pennsylvania History a journal of mid-atlantic studies PHvolume 80, number 2 · spring 2013 “Under These Classic Shades Together”: Intimate Male Friendships at the Antebellum College of New Jersey Thomas J. Balcerski 169 Pennsylvania’s Revolutionary Militia Law: The Statute that Transformed the State Francis S. Fox 204 “Long in the Hand and Altogether Fruitless”: The Pennsylvania Salt Works and Salt-Making on the New Jersey Shore during the American Revolution Michael S. Adelberg 215 “A Genuine Republican”: Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Remarks (1797), the Federalists, and Republican Civic Humanism Arthur Scherr 243 Obituaries Ira V. Brown (1922–2012) Robert V. Brown and John B. Frantz 299 Gerald G. (Gerry) Eggert (1926–2012) William Pencak 302 bOOk reviews James Rice. Tales from a Revolution: Bacon’s Rebellion and the Transformation of Colonial America Reviewed by Matthew Kruer 305 This content downloaded from 128.118.153.205 on Mon, 15 Apr 2019 13:08:47 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Sally McMurry and Nancy Van Dolsen, eds. Architecture and Landscape of the Pennsylvania Germans, 1720-1920 Reviewed by Jason R. Sellers 307 Patrick M. Erben. A Harmony of the Spirits: Translation and the Language of Community in Early Pennsylvania Reviewed by Karen Guenther 310 Jennifer Hull Dorsey. Hirelings: African American Workers and Free Labor in Early Maryland Reviewed by Ted M. Sickler 313 Kenneth E. Marshall. Manhood Enslaved: Bondmen in Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century New Jersey Reviewed by Thomas J. Balcerski 315 Jeremy Engels. Enemyship: Democracy and Counter-Revolution in the Early Republic Reviewed by Emma Stapely 318 George E.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the African American Heritage of Arlington County, Virginia
    A GUIDE TO THE AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE OF ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY PLANNING, HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM SECOND EDITION 2016 Front and back covers: Waud, Alfred R. "Freedman's Village, Greene Heights, Arlington, Virginia." Drawn in April 1864. Published in Harper's Weekly on May 7, 1864. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. Table of Contents Discover Arlington's African American Heritage .......................... iii Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church & Cemetery .......................... 29 Mount Zion Baptist Church ................................................ 30 Boundary Markers of the District of Columbia ............................ 1 Macedonia Baptist Church ................................................. 31 Benjamin Banneker ............................................................. 1 Our Lady, Queen of Peace Catholic Church .................... 31 Banneker Boundary Stone ................................................. 1 Establishment of the Kemper School ............................... 32 Principal Ella M. Boston ...................................................... 33 Arlington House .................................................................................. 2 Kemper Annex and Drew Elementary School ................. 33 George Washington Parke Custis ...................................... 2 Integration of the Drew School .......................................... 33 Custis Family and Slavery ................................................... 2 Head
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Cornelius Peter Van Ness 1782- 18 26
    PVHS Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society 1942 NEW SERIES' MARCH VOL. X No. I THE RISE OF CORNELIUS PETER VAN NESS 1782- 18 26 By T. D. SEYMOUR BASSETT Cornelius Peter Van Ness was a colorful and vigorous leader in a formative period of Vermont history, hut he has remained in the dusk of that history. In this paper Mr. Bassett has sought to recall __ mm and IUs activities and through him throw definite light on h4s ---------­ eventfultime.l.- -In--this--study Van--N-esr--ir-brought;-w--rlre-dt:a.mot~ months of his attempt in the senatorial election of I826 to succeed Horatio Seymour. 'Ulhen Mr. Bassett has completed his research into thot phase of the career of Van Ness, we hope to present the re­ sults in another paper. Further comment will he found in the Post­ script. Editor. NDIVIDUALISM is the boasted virtue of Vermonters. If they I are right in their boast, biographies of typical Vermonters should re­ veal what individualism has produced. Governor Van Ness was a typical Vermonter of the late nineteenth century, but out of harmony with the Vermont spirit of his day. This essay sketches his meteoric career in administrative, legislative and judicial office, and his control of Vermont federal and state patronage for a decade up to the turning point of his career, the senatorial campaign of 1826.1 His family had come to N ew York in the seventeenth century. 2 His father was by trade a wheelwright, strong-willed, with little book-learning. A Revolutionary colonel and a county judge, his purchase of Lindenwald, an estate at Kinderhook, twenty miles down the Hudson from Albany, marked his social and pecuniary success.s Cornelius was born at Lindenwald on January 26, 1782.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews and Book Notes
    BOOK REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTES EDITED BY NORMAN B. WILKINSON lVe.xed and Troubled Englishmen, T590-i642. By Carl Bridenbaugh. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. Pp. 487. $10.00.) In this enormously erudite and lengthy volume Carl Bridenbaugh investi- gates the characters, habits, and activities of Englishmen in the half cen- tury before war erupted between King and Parliament, and during which "The First Swarming" and "The Puritan Hegira" took place. He has explored the visual remains of an earlier England, consulted a vast nunm- ber of archives, libraries, and repositories, and scrutinized the evidence afforded by literature, secular and ecclesiastical records, the Statute Book, pamphlets, tracts and sermons. Purely demographical statistics and analysis are not stressed, nor is any attempt made to compare the condition and motivation of English with other colonial peoples, though an occasional note reveals some interest in this. What has been most successfully achieved is a panorama more vivid and extensive than hitherto available, of the island inhabitants on the eve of colonization. The author's easy command of varied material and lively style make this readily and agreeably perceived and understood. Students of both English and early American history should be grateful for the series of pictures of the people in country and town; their ranks of society, health and disease, daily routine and food, community partic- ipation, and their sins against God and man. Three chapters deal with "The Rulers and the Ruled"; "The Faiths of Englishmen"; and "Educated and Cultured English." The chief concern throughout is the portraying of the vexatious and troubles besetting the everyday life of ordinary people in the early seventeenth century; purely constitutional, political and ideological controversies appear only inferentially.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Hamilton and the Development of American Law
    Alexander Hamilton and the Development of American Law Katherine Elizabeth Brown Amherst, New York Master of Arts in American History, University of Virginia, 2012 Master of Arts in American History, University at Buffalo, 2010 Bachelor of Science in Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, 2004 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Virginia May, 2015 This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of Matthew and Theresa Mytnik, my Rana and Boppa. i ABSTRACT ―Alexander Hamilton and the Development of American Law,‖ is the first comprehensive, scholarly analysis of Alexander Hamilton‘s influence on American jurisprudence, and it provides a new approach to our understanding of the growth of federal judicial and executive power in the new republic. By exploring Hamilton's policy objectives through the lens of the law, my dissertation argues that Hamilton should be understood and evaluated as a foundational lawmaker in the early republic. He used his preferred legal toolbox, the corpus of the English common law, to make lasting legal arguments about the nature of judicial and executive power in republican governments, the boundaries of national versus state power, and the durability of individual rights. Not only did Hamilton combine American and inherited English principles to accomplish and legitimate his statecraft, but, in doing so, Hamilton had a profound influence on the substance of American law,
    [Show full text]
  • The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Began Its Career with the January Number
    THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL M AGAZINE. PUBLISHED Q UARTERLY BY* » THE S OUTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETY CHARLESTON, S. C. EDITEDY B A.. S SALLEY, JR., SECRETARY A ND TREASURER OF THE SOCIETY. VOLUME I . Printed f or the Society by THE WALKER. EVANS A COOSWELL CO., Charleston, S. C. I900. OFFICERS OFHE T South C arolina Historical Society President, G en. Edward MoCbady. 1st V ice-President, Hon. Joseph W. Barnwell. 2nd V ice-President, Col. Zimmerman Davis. Secretary a nd Treasurer and Librarian, A.. S Salley) Jr. Curators : Lang d on Cheves, Henry. A M. Smith, D. E. Huger Smith, Theodore D. Jervey, S. Prioleau Ravenel, Thomas della Torre. Charles. W Kollock, M. D. Boardf o Managers. All of the foregoing officers. Publication C ommittee. Joseph W. Barnwell, Henry A. M. Smith. A.. S Salley, Jr. THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL M AGAZINE PUBLISHED Q UARTERLY BY THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, CHARLESTON, S. C. VOL-— I No. 1. JANUARY, 10OO- Printed l or the Society by THE WALKER. EVAN5 & COOS WELL CO., Charleston, S. C. CONTENTS Letter f rom Thomas Jefferson to Judge William Johnson 3 The M ission of Col. John Laurens to Europe in 1781 ... 13 Papersf o the First Council of Safety ±1 The B ull Family of South Carolina 76 Book R eviews and Notes 91 Notes a nd Queries 98 The S outh Carolina Historical Society 107 N.. B The price of a single number of this Magazine is one d ollar to any one other than a member of the South Carolina H istorical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • American Book-Plates, a Guide to Their Study with Examples;
    BOOK PLATE G i ? Y A 5 A-HZl BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME PROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT "FUND THE GIFT OF Weuru m* Sage 1891 /un^x umtim 1969 MB MAR 2 6 79 Q^tJL Cornell University Library Z994.A5 A42 American book-plates, a guide to their s 3 1924 029 546 540 olin Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029546540 AMERICAN BOOK-PLATES (EX-LIBRIS) j&m. American Book-Plates A Guide to their Study with Examples By Charles Dexter Allen Member Ex-Libris Society London • Member Grolier Club New York Member Connecticut Historical Society Hartford With a Bibliography by Eben Newell Hewins Member Ex-Libris Society Illustrated with many reproductions of rare and interesting book-plates and in the finer editions with many prints from the original coppers both old and recent * ^XSU-- 1 New York • Macmillan and Co. • London Mdcccxciv All rights reserved : A-77<*0T Copyright, 1894, By MACMILLAN AND CO. NotfoootJ JSrniB — Berwick Smith. J. S. Cushing & Co. & Boston, Mass., U.S.A. PREFACE. a ^ew ears Book-plate i, ^ litera- II , i|i|lW|lfl|||| Y ture w*^ ^ ave a ace n tne iiSill illllll P^ ' mWnmi i&lfflBH catalogues of the Libraries, as it now has in those of the dealers in books. The works of the Hon. J. Leicester Warren (Lord de Tabley), Mr. Egerton Castle, and Mr. W. J. Hardy on the English plates, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Margaret Bayard) from the Collection of Her Grandson J
    Library of Congress The first forty years of Washington society, portrayed by the family letters of Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard) from the collection of her grandson J. Henley Smith THE FIRST FORTY YEARS OF WASHINGTON SOCIETY 5 55 Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard). After the portrait by Charles Bird King, in the possession of her grandson, J. Henley Smith, Washington. THE FIRST FORTY YEARS OF WASHINGTON SOCIETY PORTRAYED BY THE FAMILY LETTERS OF MRS. SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH (MARGARET BAYARD) FROM THE COLLECTION OF HER GRANDSON J. HENLEY SMITH EDITED BY GAILLARD HUNT ILLUSTRATED LC CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK:::::: 1906 Copy 3 F194 .S65 Copy 3 COPYRIGHT, 1906, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS Published November, 1906. The first forty years of Washington society, portrayed by the family letters of Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith (Margaret Bayard) from the collection of her grandson J. Henley Smith http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbcb.40262 Library of Congress 104116 07 LC PREFATORY NOTE During the first forty years of its existence the city of Washington had a society, more definite and real than it has come to have in later days. The permanent residents, although appurtenant to the changing official element, nevertheless furnished the framework which the larger and more important social life used to build upon, and the result was a structure of society tolerably compact and pleasing and certainly interesting. It was emphatically official, but it did not include the lower class officials, who found their recreation for the most part at the street resorts, and its tone was dignified and wholesome.
    [Show full text]