A Guide to the African American Heritage of Arlington County, Virginia
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A GUIDE TO THE AFRICAN AMERICAN HERITAGE OF ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY PLANNING, HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM SECOND EDITION 2016 Front and back covers: Waud, Alfred R. "Freedman's Village, Greene Heights, Arlington, Virginia." Drawn in April 1864. Published in Harper's Weekly on May 7, 1864. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. Table of Contents Discover Arlington's African American Heritage .......................... iii Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church & Cemetery .......................... 29 Mount Zion Baptist Church ................................................ 30 Boundary Markers of the District of Columbia ............................ 1 Macedonia Baptist Church ................................................. 31 Benjamin Banneker ............................................................. 1 Our Lady, Queen of Peace Catholic Church .................... 31 Banneker Boundary Stone ................................................. 1 Establishment of the Kemper School ............................... 32 Principal Ella M. Boston ...................................................... 33 Arlington House .................................................................................. 2 Kemper Annex and Drew Elementary School ................. 33 George Washington Parke Custis ...................................... 2 Integration of the Drew School .......................................... 33 Custis Family and Slavery ................................................... 2 Head Start Program ............................................................. 34 Robert E. Lee and Arlington Slaves .................................. 2 Jennie Dean Park .................................................................. 35 Civil War at Arlington House ............................................. 3 Green Valley Pharmacy ....................................................... 35 Maria Carter Syphax ............................................................ 3 Dr. Roland Bruner House .................................................... 36 Selina Norris Gray ................................................................ 3 Arlington Lodge No. 58 ........................................................ 36 Arlington National Cemetery ........................................................... 4 Penrose ................................................................................................. 37 Famous African American Burials..................................... 4 Initial African American Settlement ................................. 37 James Parks ............................................................................ 4 Henry L. & Emma B. Holmes ............................................. 37 Freedman’s Village .............................................................................. 5 William H. & Ann Butler ..................................................... 38 Opening of Freedman's Village ........................................ 5 Holmesville ............................................................................ 39 Living Conditions ................................................................. 8 Dr. Sumner G. Holmes House ........................................... 39 Closing of Freedman's Village ........................................... 8 Dr. Charles Drew ................................................................... 42 Freedman’s Village Chapel ................................................. 10 St. John's Baptist Church .................................................... 42 Abbott Hospital .................................................................... 10 Arlington View ..................................................................................... 44 Freedman’s Village School .................................................. 11 Establishment of the Community ..................................... 44 Fort Myer & Buffalo Soldiers ............................................................ 11 Johnston Family ..................................................................... 44 Development of Johnson's Hill .......................................... 45 Hall’s Hill & High View Park .............................................................. 12 Mount Olive Baptist Church............................................... 48 Bazil Hall ................................................................................ 12 Jefferson School .................................................................... 49 Bazil Hall, Slavery, and the Murder of Elizabeth Hall ... 12 Second Jefferson School ..................................................... 49 Hall's Plantation and the Civil War ................................... 12 Addition to the Jefferson School and Dedication of Provost Court vs. Bazil Hall ............................................... 13 the Hoffman-Boston Junior High School ......................... 50 Early Residents of Hall’s Hill .............................................. 14 Edward C. Hoffman .............................................................. 50 Ownership of Hall's Hill ...................................................... 15 Desegregation Efforts .......................................................... 50 Subdivision of High View Park ........................................... 16 Hoffman-Boston Program and Hoffman-Boston Development of the Community ....................................... 16 Elementary School ............................................................... 51 Calloway United Methodist Church and Cemetery ....... 18 Harry W. Gray House ........................................................... 52 Mount Salvation Baptist Church and Cemetery ............ 19 Sumner School ...................................................................... 20 World War II Public Housing Projects at Nauck and John M. Langston School .................................................... 20 Arlington View .................................................................................... 53 Fire Station No. 8 .................................................................. 21 Arlington and Green Valley Trailer Camps ...................... 53 Segregation Wall ................................................................... 22 George Washington Carver Housing Project .................. 54 Paul Lawrence Dunbar and George Washington Nauck .................................................................................................... 23 Carver Mutual Homes Associations ................................. 54 Green Valley and the Fraser Family .................................. 23 Levi and Sarah Ann Jones ................................................... 23 Integration of Arlington County........................................................ 56 Convalescent Camp ............................................................. 24 Stratford Junior High School .............................................. 56 Early Residents of Green Valley ......................................... 24 Sit-In Movement ................................................................... 57 John D. Nauck ....................................................................... 25 Select Bibliography ............................................................................ 59 Development of Nauck ....................................................... 25 Fort Barnard Heights ........................................................... 27 i Hall's Hill & Nauck C A High View Park B B A C D E D F G H I K E J A: Calloway United Methodist Church and Cemetery (5000 Lee Hwy); B: Fire A: Mount Zion Baptist Church (3500 19th St. S.); B: Dr. Roland Bruner Station No. 8 (4845 Lee Hwy); C: John M. Langston High School Continuation House (2018 S. Glebe Rd.); C: Our Lady, Queen of Peace (2700 19th St S.); D: Program & Langston-Brown Community Center (2121 N. Culpeper St.); D: Macedonia Baptist Church (3412 22nd St. S.); E: Arlington Lodge No. 58 (2222 Mount Salvation Baptist Church and Cemetery (1961 N. Culpeper St.); E: S. Shirlington Rd.); F: Drew Model School (3500 23rd St. S.); G: Green Valley Segregation Wall (N. Culpeper St. and 17th St. N.) Pharmacy (2415 S. Shirlington Rd.); H: Lomax A.M.E. Zion Church & Cemetery (2704 24th Rd. S.); I: Chinn Funeral Home (2605 S. Shirlington Rd.); J: Jennie Dean Park (3630 27th St. S.); K: Fort Barnard Heights Penrose Arlington View A C B A B C D A: Charles Drew House (2502 1st St. S.); B: Sumner G. Holmes House (2804 A: Harry W. Gray House (1005 S. Quinn St.); B: Mount Olive Baptist Church 1st Rd. S.); C: William H. Butler House (2407 2nd St. S.); D: St. John's Baptist (1601 13th Rd. S.); C: Hoffman-Boston Elementary School (1415 S. Queen St.) Church (1805 Columbia Pike) ii Discover Arlington's African American Heritage Introduction and Acknowledgments Forward by Craig Syphax, President This second edition of A Guide to the African American Heritage of Arlington County, Virginia augments an earlier brochure and records of the Black Heritage Museum of new people, places, and events that are often overlooked in our collective memory of Arlington County. Arlington In 1900, African Americans comprised 38% of the County's population. The story of Arlington County's African Americans awakens in this By 2010, however, African Americans comprised only 8.2% of the descriptive booklet. Historical events, people and places are brought overall population. Today, the African American population is